1
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Jiang J, Tu Y, Gu Z. Magnesium Ion Gated Ion Rejection through Carboxylated Graphene Oxide Nanopore: A Theoretical Study. Molecules 2024; 29:827. [PMID: 38398579 PMCID: PMC10892045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
While nanoporous graphene oxide (GO) is recognized as one of the most promising reverse osmosis desalination membranes, limited attention has been paid to controlling desalination performance through the large GO pores, primarily due to significant ion leakage resulting in the suboptimal performance of these pores. In this study, we employed a molecular dynamics simulation approach to demonstrate that Mg2+ ions, adhered to carboxylated GO nanopores, can function as gates, regulating the transport of ions (Na+ and Cl-) through the porous GO membrane. Specifically, the presence of divalent cations near a nanopore reduces the concentration of salt ions in the vicinity of the pore and prolongs their permeation time across the pore. This subsequently leads to a notable enhancement in salt rejection rates. Additionally, the ion rejection rate increases with more adsorbed Mg2+ ions. However, the presence of the adsorbed Mg2+ ions compromises water transport. Here, we also elucidate the impact of graphene oxidation degree on desalination. Furthermore, we design an optimal combination of adsorbed Mg2+ ion quantity and oxidation degree to achieve high water flux and salt rejection rates. This work provides valuable insights for developing new nanoporous graphene oxide membranes for controlled water desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China;
- Department of Physics, Sanjiang College, Nanjing 210012, China
| | - Yusong Tu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China;
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zonglin Gu
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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2
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Wang X, Zhang H, Ham S, Qiao R. Graphene Oxide and Its Derivatives as Adsorbents for PFOA Molecules. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9620-9629. [PMID: 37883484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c04762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Effective, low-cost adsorbents are needed to remove perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water sources. Carbon-based materials are promising PFAS adsorbents. Here, we explore the potential of graphite oxide (GO) and its derivatives as PFAS adsorbents by studying the adsorption of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a model PFAS molecule, on GO surfaces with O/C ratios up to 16.7% using molecular dynamics simulations. An adsorption free energy of approximately -30 kJ/mol (or -310 meV) is obtained for pristine graphene in pure water, and adsorbed PFOA molecules diffuse rapidly. As the O/C ratio increases, hydrophobic interactions' contribution to PFOA adsorption diminishes, but that by electrostatic interactions becomes important. Overall, adsorption is weakened, but favorable adsorption still occurs at an O/C ratio of 16.7%. The in-plane diffusion coefficient of adsorbed PFOA molecules decreases by more than 45 times as the O/C ratio increases to 8.3% but increases significantly when the O/C ratio increases further to 16.7%. Adding salt improves the adsorption owing to the salting-out and screening effects but slows the diffusion of adsorbed PFOA molecules, and these effects are more pronounced at low O/C ratios. These results show that GOs are effective PFOA adsorbents. Such effectiveness, along with GO's potentially low cost and the possibility of regenerating spent GO by removing adsorbed PFOA molecules through a mild electrical potential, makes GO a promising adsorbent for PFOA and similar molecules. The insights from the present study can help the rational design of GOs to realize their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Seokgyun Ham
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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3
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Li C, Tang Y, Lin H, Zhang C, Liu Z, Yu L, Wang X, Lin Y. Novel multiscale simulations on the membrane formation via hybrid induced phase separation process based on dissipative particle dynamics. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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4
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Liu Q, Chen M, Sun L, Liu G, Xu R. Pore density effect on separations of water/ethanol and methanol/ethanol through graphene oxide membranes: A theoretical study. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Kang J, Ko Y, Kim JP, Kim JY, Kim J, Kwon O, Kim KC, Kim DW. Microwave-assisted design of nanoporous graphene membrane for ultrafast and switchable organic solvent nanofiltration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:901. [PMID: 36797272 PMCID: PMC9935848 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Layered two-dimensional materials can potentially be utilized for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) membrane fabrication owing to their precise molecular sieving by the interlayer structure and excellent stability in harsh conditions. Nevertheless, the extensive tortuosity of nanochannels and bulky solvent molecules impede rapid permeability. Herein, nanoporous graphene (NG) with a high density of sp2 carbon domain was synthesized via sequential thermal pore activation of graphene oxide (GO) and microwave-assisted reduction. Due to the smooth sp2 carbon domain surfaces and dense nanopores, the microwave-treated nanoporous graphene membrane exhibited ultrafast organic solvent permeance (e.g., IPA: 2278 LMH/bar) with excellent stability under practical cross-flow conditions. Furthermore, the membrane molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) is switchable from 500 Da size of molecule to sub-nanometer-size molecules depending on the solvent type, and this switching occurs spontaneously with solvent change. These properties indicate feasibility of multiple (both binary and ternary) organic mixture separation using a single membrane. The nanochannel structure effect on solvent transport is also investigated using computation calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyeok Kang
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul (03722) Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongnam Ko
- grid.258676.80000 0004 0532 8339Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Pil Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul (03722) Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul (03722) Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul (03722) Republic of Korea
| | - Ohchan Kwon
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul (03722) Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Chul Kim
- grid.258676.80000 0004 0532 8339Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonsei-ro 50, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul (03722), Republic of Korea.
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6
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Gupta I, Gupta O. Recent Advancements in the Recovery and Reuse of Organic Solvents Using Novel Nanomaterial-Based Membranes for Renewable Energy Applications. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13010108. [PMID: 36676915 PMCID: PMC9862370 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The energy crisis in the world is increasing rapidly owing to the shortage of fossil fuel reserves. Climate change and an increase in global warming necessitates a change in focus from petroleum-based fuels to renewable fuels such as biofuels. The remodeling of existing separation processes using various nanomaterials is of a growing interest to industrial separation methods. Recently, the design of membrane technologies has been the most focused research area concerning fermentation broth to enhance performance efficiency, while recovering those byproducts to be used as value added fuels. Specifically, the use of novel nano material membranes, which brings about a selective permeation of the byproducts, such as organic solvent, from the fermentation broth, positively affects the fermentation kinetics by eliminating the issue of product inhibition. In this review, which and how membrane-based technologies using novel materials can improve the separation performance of organic solvents is considered. In particular, technical approaches suggested in previous studies are discussed with the goal of emphasizing benefits and problems faced in order to direct research towards an optimized membrane separation performance for renewable fuel production on a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Gupta
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Oindrila Gupta
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, MA 02210, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-201-467-1138
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7
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Liu Q, Wang X, Guo Y, Liu G, Zhou KG. Mechanism of ethanol/water reverse separation through a functional graphene membrane: a molecular simulation investigation. Front Chem Sci Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-022-2246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Liu Q, Yang Z, Liu G, Sun L, Xu R, Zhong J. Functionalized GO Membranes for Efficient Separation of Acid Gases from Natural Gas: A Computational Mechanistic Understanding. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1155. [PMID: 36422148 PMCID: PMC9693057 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane separation technology is applied in natural gas processing, while a high-performance membrane is highly in demand. This paper considers the bright future of functionalized graphene oxide (GO) membranes in acid gas removal from natural gas. By molecular simulations, the adsorption and diffusion behaviors of several unary gases (N2, CH4, CO2, H2S, and SO2) are explored in the 1,4-phenylenediamine-2-sulfonate (PDASA)-doped GO channels. Molecular insights show that the multilayer adsorption of acid gases evaluates well by the Redlich-Peterson model. A tiny amount of PDASA promotes the solubility coefficient of CO2 and H2S, respectively, up to 4.5 and 5.3 mmol·g-1·kPa-1, nearly 2.5 times higher than those of a pure GO membrane, which is due to the improved binding affinity, great isosteric heat, and hydrogen bonds, while N2 and CH4 only show single-layer adsorption with solubility coefficients lower than 0.002 mmol·g-1·kPa-1, and their weak adsorption is insusceptible to PDASA. Although acid gas diffusivity in GO channels is inhibited below 20 × 10-6 cm2·s-1 by PDASA, the solubility coefficient of acid gases is certainly high enough to ensure their separation efficiency. As a result, the permeabilities (P) of acid gases and their selectivities (α) over CH4 are simultaneously improved (PCO2 = 7265.5 Barrer, αCO2/CH4 = 95.7; P(H2S+CO2) = 42075.1 Barrer, αH2S/CH4 = 243.8), which outperforms most of the ever-reported membranes. This theoretical study gives a mechanistic understanding of acid gas separation and provides a unique design strategy to develop high-performance GO membranes toward efficient natural gas processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Zhonglian Yang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Gongping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 Puzhu Road (S), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Longlong Sun
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Rong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Jing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Gehu Road, Changzhou 213164, China
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9
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Multilayered graphene oxide membranes for bioethanol purification: Microscopic insight from molecular simulation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Chen C, Huang F, Yao J, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhang W, Shen JW. Design lamellar GO membrane based on understanding the effect of functional groups distributed in the port on desalination. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Molecular dynamics study on electric field-facilitated separation of H2O/O2 through nanoporous graphene oxide membrane. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Efficient separation of (C1–C2) alcohol solutions by graphyne membranes: A molecular simulation study. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Lecaros RLG, Matira AR, Tayo LL, Hung WS, Hu CC, Tsai HA, Lee KR, Lai JY. Homostructured graphene oxide-graphene quantum dots nanocomposite-based membranes with tunable interlayer spacing for the purification of butanol. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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14
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Wu X, Chen Y, Li W, Chen C, Zhang J, Wang J. Heterostructured membranes with selective solvent-capture coatings and low-resistance 2D nanochannels for efficient mixed solvent separation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Cheng C, Iyengar SA, Karnik R. Molecular size-dependent subcontinuum solvent permeation and ultrafast nanofiltration across nanoporous graphene membranes. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:989-995. [PMID: 34239119 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00933-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selective solvent and solute transport across nanopores is fundamental to membrane separations, yet it remains poorly understood, especially for non-aqueous systems. Here, we design a chemically robust nanoporous graphene membrane and study molecular transport in various organic liquids under subnanometre confinement. We show that the nature of the solvent can modulate solute diffusion across graphene nanopores, and that breakdown of continuum flow occurs when pore size approaches the solvent's smallest molecular cross-section. By holistically engineering membrane support, modelling pore creation and defect management, high rejection and ultrafast organic solvent nanofiltration of dye molecules and separation of hexane isomers are achieved. The membranes exhibit stable fluxes across a range of solvents, consistent with flow across rigid pores whose size is independent of the solvent. These results demonstrate that nanoporous graphene is a rich materials system for controlling subcontinuum flow that could enable new membranes for a range of challenging separation needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sathvik Ajay Iyengar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rohit Karnik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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16
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Chen C, Huang F, Jia L, Zhang L, Chen E, Liang L, Kong Z, Wang X, Zhang W, Shen JW. Molecular insights into desalination performance of lamellar graphene membranes: Significant of hydrophobicity and interlayer spacing. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Zhang M, Sun B, Luo A, Huang S, Zhang X. Electrodialysis based direct air dehumidification: A molecular dynamics study on moisture diffusion and separation through graphene oxide membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Zhang W, Qin Y, Shi W, Hu Y. Unveiling the Molecular Mechanisms of Thickness-Dependent Water Dynamics in an Ultrathin Free-Standing Polyamide Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:11939-11948. [PMID: 33332121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic polyamide (PA) membranes fabricated from interfacial polymerization are widely used for desalination and water treatment. The fabrication of the high-flux PA membrane requires a fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms of water dynamics in the PA, which is still obscure due to the limited experimental methods. Herein, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to establish an atomic model of ultrathin free-standing PA membranes with various thickness and to explore the thickness-dependent dynamics of water molecules in the PA membrane. Simulation results illustrate that the simulated PA membrane has an average pore radius of 3 Å similar to the free volume size of the experimental PA membrane measured by PALS. The PA could be identified as the swelling layer (SL) and the confined layer (CL) based on their water diffusion rates. The diffusivity of water in the confined layer of PA membrane was much lower than that in the swelling layer and thus determined the water flux of the PA membrane. The water diffusivity in the sub-8 nm PA membrane is greatly enhanced due to a very thin confined layer thickness, illustrating the mechanism of the experimentally fabricated sub-8 nm PA membrane having the dramatically enhanced water permeability. Furthermore, results show that water molecules tend to transport rapidly in the free space inside the PA membrane. Our results provide some insights into the thickness-dependent water dynamics in the PA on a molecular level and may help to design the next generation of high-flux PA membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
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19
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Liu Q, Chen M, Mao Y, Liu G. Theoretical study on Janus graphene oxide membrane for water transport. Front Chem Sci Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-020-1954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Du J, Zhang Y, Han L, Ma X, Li C, Li Q. Insights into water permeability and Hg 2+ removal using two-dimensional nanoporous boron nitride. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03987j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Industrial wastewater containing Hg2+, when discharged into nature, will pose a serious threat to ecological security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Du
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
- College of Science
| | - Yaru Zhang
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering
- Langfang Normal University
- Langfang 065000
- China
| | - Lijun Han
- College of Science
- Langfang Normal University
- Langfang 065000
- China
| | - Xiangyun Ma
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Chenxi Li
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
| | - Qifeng Li
- School of Precision Instruments and Optoelectronics Engineering
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 300072
- China
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21
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Zhang J, Chen C, Pan J, Zhang L, Liang L, Kong Z, Wang X, Zhang W, Shen JW. Atomistic insights into the separation mechanism of multilayer graphene membranes for water desalination. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:7224-7233. [PMID: 32207513 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Graphene-based membranes have been extensively explored owing to their excellent separation properties. In this paper, multiple factors regarding desalination performance were investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These factors include the interlayer spacing distance (H), the gap width (dG), offset (O), and the number of gaps and layers in a multilayer graphene membrane (MGM). It is found that salt rejection is influenced significantly by the interlayer spacing distance owing to the largest free energy between ions and graphene sheets as well as the relatively larger size of the hydration layer around the ions. The optimal desalting parameter (dG = 1 nm, H = 0.8 nm) was selected; MGM systems based on the optimized parameter exhibited excellent salt rejection for NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2 solutions. These results can provide some ideas for the future design of graphene-based membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianuan Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijun Liang
- College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Kong
- College of Material & Environmental Engineering Science Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jia-Wei Shen
- School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310016, People's Republic of China.
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