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Zhou Q, Fan Y, Zhang S. Highly Efficient and Selective Extraction of Gold from Thiosulfate Leaching Solution Using Functionalized Dicationic Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2024; 29:2659. [PMID: 38893533 PMCID: PMC11174032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiosulfate leaching has been regarded as a promising alternative to cyanidation, but it still faces the challenge of the recovery of low content of gold from high concentrations of thiosulfate solutions. Liquid-liquid extraction is a method to address this issue but is still limited by the use of volatile and toxic organic solvents. To overcome this limitation, this work synthesized some functionalized dicationic ionic liquids (DILs) to serve as extraction solvents for the recovery of the gold-thiosulfate complex, [Au(S2O3)2]3-, from thiosulfate solutions. Experimental results indicated that the DILs showed higher extraction rates toward [Au(S2O3)2]3- compared with their monocationic-based counterparts, likely due to the stronger electrostatic interaction between the dications of the ILs and [Au(S2O3)2]3-. The transfer of [Au(S2O3)2]3- from the water phase to the IL phase was identified as an anion exchange and endothermic process. The rate of extraction was limited by the anion exchange process occurring at the IL-water interface. The extraction ability of ILs highly depended on the type of anion; specifically, the ILs with anions that had strong hydrogen-bonding ability exhibited high extraction ability toward [Au(S2O3)2]3-. Finally, DILs proved effective in the recovery of [Au(S2O3)2]3- from an actual gold leaching solution and exhibited high selectivity toward coexisting ions, indicating their potential as environmentally friendly solvents for gold recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China;
| | - Yunchang Fan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China;
| | - Sheli Zhang
- School of Science and Technology, Jiaozuo Teachers College, Jiaozuo 454000, China;
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Li J, Sun C, Wang P, Kou J. Selective gold extraction from electronic waste using high-temperature-synthesized reagents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:6929-6943. [PMID: 38157179 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31259-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
For over two hundred years, cyanide has served as the primary reagent for gold extraction. However, due to its high toxicity, the use of cyanide poses significant risks. Traditional low-toxicity leaching reagents have limitations that restrict their widespread industrial application, leading to the necessity for the development of new, efficient, and low-toxic gold leaching reagents to support sustainable gold production. In this study, a novel, efficient, and low-toxicity gold extraction reagent was synthesized at high temperatures by combining urea, sodium carbonate, and a specific iron salt. The research delved into the leaching ability of the reagent under different synthesis conditions and examined the generation of free cyanide content as a by-product. Findings indicated that reagents synthesized with either potassium ferrocyanide or potassium ferricyanide displayed comparable leaching capabilities. Reagents synthesized at 800 °C exhibited lower levels of free cyanide ions and reduced toxicity. Additionally, this reagent demonstrated exceptional selectivity for gold, while in minimal dissolution of copper, iron, nickel, lead, and iron from computer central processing unit (CPU) pins. Under optimal conditions, the efficiency of gold extraction from CPU pins reached 94.65%. Hence, this reagent holds significant potential for the low-toxicity extraction of gold from electronic waste or auriferous concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Li
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Chunbao Sun
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jue Kou
- School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Compagnone M, González-Cortés JJ, Pilar Yeste M, Cantero D, Ramírez M. Sustainable Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Spent Automotive Three-Way Catalysts through a Biogenic Thiosulfate-Copper-Ammonia System. Molecules 2023; 28:8078. [PMID: 38138568 PMCID: PMC10746061 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explores an eco-friendly method for recovering platinum group metals from a synthetic automotive three-way catalyst (TWC). Bioleaching of palladium (Pd) using the thiosulfate-copper-ammonia leaching processes, with biogenic thiosulfate sourced from a bioreactor used for biogas biodesulfurization, is proposed as a sustainable alternative to conventional methods. Biogenic thiosulfate production was optimized in a gas-lift bioreactor by studying the pH (8-10) and operation modes (batch and continuous) under anoxic and microaerobic conditions for 35 d. The maximum concentration of 4.9 g S2O32- L-1 of biogenic thiosulfate was reached under optimal conditions (batch mode, pH = 10, and airflow rate 0.033 vvm). To optimize Pd bioleaching from a ground TWC, screening through a Plackett-Burman design determined that oxygen and temperature significantly affected the leaching yield negatively and positively, respectively. Based on these results, an optimization through an experimental design was performed, indicating the optimal conditions to be Na2S2O3 1.2 M, CuSO4 0.03 M, (NH4)2SO4 1.5 M, Na2SO3 0.2 M, pH 8, and 60 °C. A remarkable 96.2 and 93.2% of the total Pd was successfully extracted from the solid at 5% pulp density using both commercially available and biogenic thiosulfate, highlighting the method's versatility for Pd bioleaching from both thiosulfate sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariacristina Compagnone
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - José Joaquín González-Cortés
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - María Pilar Yeste
- Department of Material Science, Metallurgical Engineering and Inorganic Chemistry, Institute of Research on Electron Microscopy and Materials (IMEYMAT), Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Domingo Cantero
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.C.); (M.R.)
| | - Martín Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Technologies, Wine and Agrifood Research Institute (IVAGRO), Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, 11510 Cadiz, Spain; (M.C.); (M.R.)
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Liu ZW, Guo XY, Tian QH, Zhang L. A systematic review of gold extraction: Fundamentals, advancements, and challenges toward alternative lixiviants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 440:129778. [PMID: 36007367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the birth of cyanidation, it has been dominant in the gold extraction industry. Recently, with the increasing awareness of environmental hazards and potential risks posed by the severe toxicity of cyanide, attempts to seek alternative lixiviants have arisen. Over the past three decades, a significant amount of literature has examined alternative lixiviants to cyanide for recovering gold, while few industrial applications have been reported due to various obstacles, such as toxicity, excessive consumption, or low leaching efficiency. These obstacles are progressively overcome in multiple ways, including process improvement, system optimization, use of co-intensifying systems, and development of additives. In this paper, related studies about alternative lixiviants and methods such as cyanide, thiosulfate, thiourea, thiocyanate, polysulfides, halides, and microbial leaching are summarized. The history, fundamentals, advancements, and challenges of alternative lixiviants are fully concluded to provide a reference for cleaner gold production. In addition, the comprehensive performance of lixiviants was evaluated according to a novel evaluation criterion proposed in terms of economy, efficiency, and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo-Wei Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xue-Yi Guo
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Cleaner Metallurgical Engineering Research Center, China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Qing-Hua Tian
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Cleaner Metallurgical Engineering Research Center, China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Cleaner Metallurgical Engineering Research Center, China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, Changsha 410083, China
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Effect and mechanism of cyanide degradation and Cu/Zn recovery by photoelectro-catalytic oxidation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhang Y, Xu B, Cui M, Li Q, Liu X, Jiang T, Lyu X. Thiosulfate leaching of gold catalyzed by hexaamminecobalt(III): Electrochemical behavior and mechanisms. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Study on the high-efficiency separation of Fe and Mn from low-grade pyrolusite and the preparation of LiMn2O4 materials for lithium-ion batteries. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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