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Zhao J, Qin Y, Liu Y, Shi Y, Lin Q, Cai M, Jia Z, Yu C, Shang A, Fei Y, Zhang J. Cobalt/Iron Bimetallic Biochar Composites for Lead(II) Adsorption: Mechanism and Remediation Performance. Molecules 2024; 29:1595. [PMID: 38611873 PMCID: PMC11013323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The performance of nano-zero-valent iron for heavy metal remediation can be enhanced via incorporation into bimetallic carbon composites. However, few economical and green approaches are available for preparing bimetallic composite materials. In this study, novel Co/Fe bimetallic biochar composites (BC@Co/Fe-X, where X = 5 or 10 represents the CoCl2 concentration of 0.05 or 0.1 mol L-1) were prepared for the adsorption of Pb2+. The effect of the concentration of cross-linked metal ions on Pb2+ adsorption was investigated, with the composite prepared using 0.05 mol L-1 Co2+ (BC@Co/Fe-5) exhibiting the highest adsorption performance. Various factors, including the adsorption period, Pb2+ concentration, and pH, affected the adsorption of Pb2+ by BC@Co/Fe-5. Further characterisation of BC@Co/Fe-5 before and after Pb2+ adsorption using methods such as X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggested that the Pb2+ adsorption mechanism involved (i) Pb2+ reduction to Pb0 by Co/Fe, (ii) Co/Fe corrosion to generate Fe2+ and fix Pb2+ in the form of PbO, and (iii) Pb2+ adsorption by Co/Fe biochar. Notably, BC@Co/Fe-5 exhibited excellent remediation performance in simulated Pb2+-contaminated water and soil with good recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Function Material of Haikou City, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, No. 99 Longkunnan Road, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yuhong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Function Material of Haikou City, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, No. 99 Longkunnan Road, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Function Material of Haikou City, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, No. 99 Longkunnan Road, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yunlong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Function Material of Haikou City, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, No. 99 Longkunnan Road, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Qiang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Function Material of Haikou City, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, No. 99 Longkunnan Road, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Miao Cai
- Hainan Pujin Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Haikou 570125, China
| | - Zhenya Jia
- Hainan Huantai Environmental Resources Co., Ltd., Haikou 571158, China
| | - Changjiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Function Material of Haikou City, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, No. 99 Longkunnan Road, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Anqi Shang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Function Material of Haikou City, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, No. 99 Longkunnan Road, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yuxiao Fei
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Function Material of Haikou City, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, No. 99 Longkunnan Road, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment & Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Function Material of Haikou City, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, No. 99 Longkunnan Road, Haikou 571158, China
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Lu P, Zhang N, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Cai Q, Zhang Y. Synthesis of BiOX-Red Mud/Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Geopolymer Microspheres for Photocatalytic Degradation of Formaldehyde. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1585. [PMID: 38612099 PMCID: PMC11012286 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Release of formaldehyde gas indoors is a serious threat to human health. The traditional adsorption method is not stable enough for formaldehyde removal. Photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde is effective and rapid, but photocatalysts are generally expensive and not easy to recycle. In this paper, geopolymer microspheres were applied as matrix materials for photocatalysts loading to degrade formaldehyde. Geopolymer microspheres were prepared from red mud and granulated blast furnace slag as raw materials by alkali activation. When the red mud doping was 50%, the concentration of NaOH solution was 6 mol/L, and the additive amount was 30 mL, the prepared geopolymer microspheres possessed good morphological characteristics and a large specific surface area of 38.80 m2/g. With the loading of BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) photocatalysts on the surface of geopolymer microspheres, 85.71% of formaldehyde gas were adsorbed within 60 min. The formaldehyde degradation rate of the geopolymer microspheres loaded with BiOI reached 87.46% within 180 min, which was 23.07% higher than that of the microspheres loaded with BiOBr, and 50.50% higher than that of the microspheres loaded with BiOCl. While ensuring the efficient degradation of formaldehyde, the BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I)-loaded geopolymer microspheres are easy to recycle and can save space. This work not only promotes the resource utilization of red mud and granulated blast furnace slag, but also provides a new idea on the formation of catalysts in the process of photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingyi Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Su Q, Wei X, Yang G, Ou Z, Zhou Z, Huang R, Shi C. In-situ conversion of geopolymer into novel floral magnetic sodalite microspheres for efficient removal of Cd(II) from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 453:131363. [PMID: 37043850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a novel, floral-like, magnetic sodalite microsphere (SODM) was synthesized in situ by using fly ash (FA) and metakaolin (MK) as raw materials and was used to remove Cd(II) from water. Its magnetism can solve the problems of adsorbent recovery and possible secondary pollution. During the static adsorption, SODM shows a maximum adsorption capacity of 245.17 mg/g. The adsorption of Cd(II) on the SODM surface is spontaneous, exothermic, and physicochemical adsorption, which was evaluated by thermodynamics, kinetics, and isotherm studies. During dynamic adsorption, SODM shows a maximum adsorption capacity of 342.74 mg/g in the simulated solution prepared by the deionized water, compared to 215.88 mg/g in the simulated solution prepared using Xiangsi Lake water from Guangxi Minzu University. At 0.5 g SODM dosage in the dynamic adsorption, the adsorption capacity could rise to 632.81 mg/g. These results demonstrated the excellent Cd (II) adsorption performance of the SODM. The adsorption of cadmium on the SODM surface includes the synergistic effects of electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface coordination reaction. Besides, the SODM shows good regeneration performance in both the deionized water and Xiangsi Lake water. The present study explores SODM as an adsorbent for the Cd (II) removal from wastewater and unbolts the industrial applicability of the SODM in the field of wastewater purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoqiao Su
- Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of China Ministry of Education, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and their Modification of Guangxi Minzu Univerisity, Key Laboratory of New Technology for Chemical and Biological Transformation Process of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and their Modification of Guangxi Minzu Univerisity, Key Laboratory of New Technology for Chemical and Biological Transformation Process of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Guangyao Yang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and their Modification of Guangxi Minzu Univerisity, Key Laboratory of New Technology for Chemical and Biological Transformation Process of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhaohui Ou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and their Modification of Guangxi Minzu Univerisity, Key Laboratory of New Technology for Chemical and Biological Transformation Process of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Power Dispatching and Control Center, China Southern Power Grid Guangxi Power Grid Co Ltd, Guangxi, Nanning 530023, PR China
| | - Ronghua Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and their Modification of Guangxi Minzu Univerisity, Key Laboratory of New Technology for Chemical and Biological Transformation Process of Guangxi Higher Education Institutes, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Caijun Shi
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency (Ministry of Education), College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, PR China.
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Maged A, El-Fattah HA, Kamel RM, Kharbish S, Elgarahy AM. A comprehensive review on sustainable clay-based geopolymers for wastewater treatment: circular economy and future outlook. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:693. [PMID: 37204517 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present era of significant industrial development, the presence and dispersal of countless water contaminants in water bodies worldwide have rendered them unsuitable for various forms of life. Recently, the awareness of environmental sustainability for wastewater treatment has increased rapidly in quest of meeting the global water demand. Despite numerous conventional adsorbents on deck, exploring low-cost and efficient adsorbents is interesting. Clays and clays-based geopolymers are intensively used as natural, alternative, and promising adsorbents to meet the goals for combating climate change and providing low carbon, heat, and power. In this narrative work, the present review highlights the persistence of some inorganic/organic water pollutants in aquatic bodies. Moreover, it comprehensively summarizes the advancement in the strategies associated with synthesizing clays and their based geopolymers, characterization techniques, and applications in water treatment. Furthermore, the critical challenges, opportunities, and future prospective regarding the circular economy are additionally outlined. This review expounded on the ongoing research studies for leveraging these eco-friendly materials to address water decontamination. The adsorption mechanisms of clays-based geopolymers are successfully presented. Therefore, the present review is believed to deepen insights into wastewater treatment using clays and clays-based geopolymers as a groundbreaking aspect in accord with the waste-to-wealth concept toward broader sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maged
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, P.O. Box 43518, El Salam City, Suez Governorate, Egypt.
| | - Hadeer Abd El-Fattah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, P.O. Box 43518, El Salam City, Suez Governorate, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, P.O. Box 43518, El Salam City, Suez Governorate, Egypt
| | - Sherif Kharbish
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, P.O. Box 43518, El Salam City, Suez Governorate, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Elgarahy
- Egyptian Propylene and Polypropylene Company (EPPC), Port-Said, Egypt
- Environmental Chemistry Division, Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
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Dou H, Ye Q, He Y, Cui X. In-Situ Transformation of Li-ABW Zeolites Based on Li-Geopolymer. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050392. [PMID: 37232984 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium batteries, as energy storage devices, are playing an increasingly important role in human society. As a result of the low safety of the liquid electrolyte in batteries, more attention has been paid to solid electrolytes. Based on the application of lithium zeolite in a Li-air battery, a non-hydrothermal conversed lithium molecular sieve was prepared. In this paper, in-situ infrared spectroscopy, together with other methods, was used to characterize the transformation process of geopolymer-based zeolite. The results showed that Li/Al = 1.1 and 60 °C were the best transformation conditions for the Li-ABW zeolite. On this basis, the geopolymer was crystallized after 50 min of reaction. This study proves that the formation of geopolymer-based zeolite occurs earlier than the solidification of the geopolymer and shows that the geopolymer is a good precursor for zeolite conversion. At the same time, it comes to the conclusion that the formation of zeolite will have an impact on the geopolymer gel. This article provides a simple preparation process for lithium zeolite, explores the preparation process and mechanism, and provides a theoretical basis for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaiyuan Dou
- Guangxi Key Lab of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Quan Ye
- Guangxi Key Lab of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yan He
- Guangxi Key Lab of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xuemin Cui
- Guangxi Key Lab of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
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Yi M, Wang K, Wei H, Wei D, Wei X, Wei B, Shao L, Fujita T, Cui X. Efficient preparation of red mud-based geopolymer microspheres (RM@GMs) and adsorption of fluoride ions in wastewater. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130027. [PMID: 36162305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, red mud-based geopolymer microspheres (RM@GMs: 75-150 µm) was prepared by dispersion-suspension-solidification method to remove fluoride ions (F-). It was found that RM@GMs still had good mechanical properties and better F- removal effect at RM content reached 80 % of the total solid mass. The batch adsorption experiment results showed that the F- concentration (< 1.5 mg/L) reached the drinking water standard in 45 min at pH = 2 and RM@GMs dosage was 1 g/L. RM@GMs showed maximum adsorption capacity of 76.57 mg/g for F-, and the adsorption kinetics and isotherm fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. RM@GMs exhibited excellent dynamic separation effect at the flow rate of 4 mL/min and column height of 1 cm. In addition, RM@GMs had good selectivity for F- in the competitive adsorption experiments and followed an order of: PO43- > > SO42- ≈ NO3- ≈ Cl-. In real seawater, natural surface water and tap water, RM@GMs still had excellent F- removal effect. The adsorption mechanism revealed that RM@GMs removed F- mainly through the synergistic effect of adsorption and ion exchange. Therefore, this paper provides the potential value for the large-scale utilization of RM in the application of F--containing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, PR China
| | - Kaituo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, PR China; School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, PR China; MOE Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Hongyang Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, PR China
| | - Deshuai Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xuefei Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, PR China
| | - Binghu Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, PR China
| | - Lin Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Toyohisa Fujita
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metals and Featured Materials, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, PR China
| | - Xuemin Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004 Guangxi, PR China
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Enhance the removal and immobilization of Cd(II) by the synthesis in situ of dithiocarbamate-geopolymer microsphere composite. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 622:562-576. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Application of Geopolymer in Stabilization/Solidification of Hazardous Pollutants: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144570. [PMID: 35889449 PMCID: PMC9317415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Geopolymers, as a kind of inorganic polymer, possess excellent properties and have been broadly studied for the stabilization/solidification (S/S) of hazardous pollutants. Even though many reviews about geopolymers have been published, the summary of geopolymer-based S/S for various contaminants has not been well conducted. Therefore, the S/S of hazardous pollutants using geopolymers are comprehensively summarized in this review. Geopolymer-based S/S of typical cations, including Pb, Zn, Cd, Cs, Cu, Sr, Ni, etc., were involved and elucidated. The S/S mechanisms for cationic heavy metals were concluded, mainly including physical encapsulation, sorption, precipitation, and bonding with a silicate structure. In addition, compared to cationic ions, geopolymers have a poor immobilization ability on anions due to the repulsive effect between them, presenting a high leaching percentage. However, some anions, such as Se or As oxyanions, have been proved to exist in geopolymers through electrostatic interaction, which provides a direction to enhance the geopolymer-based S/S for anions. Besides, few reports about geopolymer-based S/S of organic pollutants have been published. Furthermore, the adsorbents of geopolymer-based composites designed and studied for the removal of hazardous pollutants from aqueous conditions are also briefly discussed. On the whole, this review will offer insights into geopolymer-based S/S technology. Furthermore, the challenges to geopolymer-based S/S technology outlined in this work are expected to be of direct relevance to the focus of future research.
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Electrospinning PAN/PEI/MWCNT-COOH nanocomposite fiber membrane with excellent oil-in-water separation and heavy metal ion adsorption capacity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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