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Lu P, Zhang N, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang J, Cai Q, Zhang Y. Synthesis of BiOX-Red Mud/Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Geopolymer Microspheres for Photocatalytic Degradation of Formaldehyde. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1585. [PMID: 38612099 PMCID: PMC11012286 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Release of formaldehyde gas indoors is a serious threat to human health. The traditional adsorption method is not stable enough for formaldehyde removal. Photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde is effective and rapid, but photocatalysts are generally expensive and not easy to recycle. In this paper, geopolymer microspheres were applied as matrix materials for photocatalysts loading to degrade formaldehyde. Geopolymer microspheres were prepared from red mud and granulated blast furnace slag as raw materials by alkali activation. When the red mud doping was 50%, the concentration of NaOH solution was 6 mol/L, and the additive amount was 30 mL, the prepared geopolymer microspheres possessed good morphological characteristics and a large specific surface area of 38.80 m2/g. With the loading of BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I) photocatalysts on the surface of geopolymer microspheres, 85.71% of formaldehyde gas were adsorbed within 60 min. The formaldehyde degradation rate of the geopolymer microspheres loaded with BiOI reached 87.46% within 180 min, which was 23.07% higher than that of the microspheres loaded with BiOBr, and 50.50% higher than that of the microspheres loaded with BiOCl. While ensuring the efficient degradation of formaldehyde, the BiOX (X = Cl, Br, I)-loaded geopolymer microspheres are easy to recycle and can save space. This work not only promotes the resource utilization of red mud and granulated blast furnace slag, but also provides a new idea on the formation of catalysts in the process of photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingyi Cai
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yihe Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
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Fang Y, Yang L, Rao F, Zhang K, Qin Z, Song Z, Na Z. Behaviors and Mechanisms of Adsorption of MB and Cr(VI) by Geopolymer Microspheres under Single and Binary Systems. Molecules 2024; 29:1560. [PMID: 38611839 PMCID: PMC11013745 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Geopolymers show great potential in complex wastewater treatment to improve water quality. In this work, general geopolymers, porous geopolymers and geopolymer microspheres were prepared by the suspension curing method using three solid waste products, coal gangue, fly ash and blast furnace slag. The microstructure, morphology and surface functional groups of the geopolymers were studied by SEM, XRD, XRF, MIP, FTIR and XPS. It was found that the geopolymers possess good adsorption capacities for both organic and inorganic pollutants. With methylene blue and potassium dichromate as the representative pollutants, in order to obtain the best removal rate, the effects of the adsorbent type, dosage of adsorbent, concentration of methylene blue and potassium dichromate and pH on the adsorption process were studied in detail. The results showed that the adsorption efficiency of the geopolymers for methylene blue and potassium dichromate was in the order of general geopolymers < porous geopolymers < geopolymer microspheres, and the removal rates were up to 94.56% and 79.46%, respectively. Additionally, the competitive adsorption of methylene blue and potassium dichromate in a binary system was also studied. The mechanism study showed that the adsorption of methylene blue was mainly through pore diffusion, hydrogen bond formation and electrostatic adsorption, and the adsorption of potassium dichromate was mainly through pore diffusion and redox reaction. These findings demonstrate the potential of geopolymer microspheres in adsorbing organic and inorganic pollutants, and, through five cycles of experiments, it is demonstrated that MGP exhibits excellent recyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fang
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.F.); (K.Z.); (Z.Q.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High-Value Utilization of New Energy Metals, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.F.); (K.Z.); (Z.Q.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High-Value Utilization of New Energy Metals, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing, Beijing 102628, China
| | - Feng Rao
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.F.); (K.Z.); (Z.Q.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High-Value Utilization of New Energy Metals, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.F.); (K.Z.); (Z.Q.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High-Value Utilization of New Energy Metals, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhuolin Qin
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China; (Y.F.); (K.Z.); (Z.Q.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Extraction and High-Value Utilization of New Energy Metals, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Zhenguo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing, Beijing 102628, China
| | - Zhihui Na
- Yunnan Phosphate Haikou Co., Ltd., Kunming 650114, China
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