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Li S, Zhou Y, Wang J, Dou M, Zhang Q, Huo K, Han C, Shi J. Sewage sludge pyrolysis 'kills two birds with one stone': Biochar synergies with persulfate for pollutants removal and energy recovery. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142824. [PMID: 38996980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The disposal and resource utilization of sewage sludge (SS) have always been significant challenges for environmental protection. This study employed straightforward pyrolysis to prepare iron-containing sludge biochar (SBC) used as a catalyst and to recover bio-oil used as fuel energy. The results indicated that SBC-700 could effectively activate persulfate (PS) to remove 97.2% of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) within 60 min. Benefiting from the appropriate iron content, oxygen-containing functional groups and defective structures provide abundant active sites. Meanwhile, SBC-700 exhibits good stability and reusability in cyclic tests and can be easily recovered by magnetic separation. The role of non-radicals is emphasized in the SBC-700/PS system, and in particular, single linear oxygen (1O2) is proposed to be the dominant reactive oxygen. The bio-oil, a byproduct of pyrolysis, exhibits a higher heating value (HHV) of about 30 MJ/kg, with H/C and O/C ratios comparable to those of biodiesel. The energy recovery rate of the SS pyrolysis system was calculated at 80.5% with a lower input cost. In conclusion, this investigation offers a low-energy consumption and sustainable strategy for the resource utilization of SS while simultaneously degrading contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoya Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yanmei Zhou
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044, China; The Center of National Railway Intelligent Transportation System Engineering and Technology, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Mengmeng Dou
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Kaili Huo
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Chao Han
- School of Environment, Beijing Key Laboratory of Aqueous Typical Pollutants Control and Water Quality Safeguard, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jinyang Shi
- School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044, China
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Lalas K, Arvaniti OS, Panagopoulou EI, Thomaidis NS, Mantzavinos D, Frontistis Z. Acesulfame degradation by thermally activated persulfate: Kinetics, transformation products and estimated toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141260. [PMID: 38272137 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The existence of the artificial sweetener acesulfame (ACE) in quantities of significance can negatively impact water quality, and its consumption has been associated with deleterious health effects. The present investigation explores the efficacy of heat-activated sodium persulfate (SPS) for eliminating ACE. The complete degradation of 0.50 mg L-1 of ACE was achieved within 45 min under a reaction temperature of 50 °C and 100 mg L-1 of SPS. The impact of thermal decomposition on ACE at a temperature of 60 °C was negligible. This study considers several factors, such as the SPS and ACE loading, the reaction temperature, the initial pH, and the water matrix of the reactor. The results indicate that the method's efficiency is positively correlated with higher initial concentrations of SPS, whereas it is inversely associated with the initial concentration of ACE. Furthermore, higher reaction temperatures and acidic initial pH levels promote the degradation of acesulfame. At the same time, certain constituents of the water matrix, such as humic acid, chlorides, and bicarbonates, can hinder the degradation process. Additionally, the data from LC-QToF-MS analysis of the samples were used to investigate transformation through suspect and non-target screening approaches. Overall, ACE's eight transformation products (TPs) were detected, and a potential ACE decomposition pathway was proposed. The concentration of TPs followed a volcano curve, decreasing in long treatment times. The ecotoxicity of ACE and its identified TPs was predicted using the ECOSAR software. The majority of TPs exhibited not harmful values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosmas Lalas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR-50132, Kozani, Greece
| | - Olga S Arvaniti
- Department of Agricultural Development, Agrofood and Management of Natural Resources, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Psachna, GR-34400, Greece
| | - Eleni I Panagopoulou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, GR 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, GR 15771, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionissios Mantzavinos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Caratheodory 1, University Campus, GR-26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Zacharias Frontistis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, GR-50132, Kozani, Greece.
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Ma T, Ren H, Liu M, Zhou R. Nanoconfined catalytic membrane assembled by nitrogen-doped carbon encapsulating Fe-based nanoparticles for rapid removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol in wastewater by peroxymonosulfate activation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133523. [PMID: 38278075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Surface-dependent non-radical oxidation of carbon materials-based persulfate systems show a better application prospect in the removal of pollutants in complex wastewater. However, their potential is severely limited by the restricted liquid-to-solid mass transfer efficiency of conventional suspension systems. In this paper, a nitrogen-doped carbon encapsulating iron-based nanoparticles (Fe@NC) was prepared, and loaded onto a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane to construct a novel catalytic membrane Fe@NC/PVDF. The Fe@NC/PVDF/PMS system could achieve 99.74% of 2,4-dicholophenol (2,4-DCP) removal within a retention time of 0.867 s, the kinetic constant is 840 times higher than that of Fe@NC/PMS system, and 2-5 orders of magnitude higher than that of various reported advanced oxidation processes systems. The system exhibits strong anti-interference to various water matrices, long-time operational stability at high flux (306 L·m-2·h-1), universality to pollutants that do not contain strong electron-withdrawing groups and mitigation of membrane fouling. Mechanism studies indicate that the electron transfer pathway dominates the 2,4-DCP removal, and singlet oxygen (1O2) plays an auxiliary role. The higher mass transfer efficiency of the filtration mode releases the full potential of the non-radical pathway. This paper provides theoretical and technical support for the development and efficient utilization of carbon-based materials with excellent persulfate catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taigang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Hejun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Meijun Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Zhong D, Liu P, Liu Y, Xu Y. Nitrogen-doped Zn/Fe@PCN derived from metal-organic frameworks activating persulfate to efficiently degrade rhodamine B. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:2228-2242. [PMID: 38055169 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31174-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The Zn/Fe@N-doped porous graphitic carbon catalyst (Zn/Fe@PCN) was successfully produced through one-step pyrolysis of g-C3N4 and Zn/Fe-MOF and was used for the activation of persulfate (PS) for the degradation of RhB. The Zn/Fe@PCN/PS system was able to degrade 95.92% of RhB in 30 min at a rate of 0.6453 min-1 when RhB was concentrated at 50 mg L-1. The efficient degradation of RhB is primarily realized through the synergistic activation of PS by Zn, Fe, and N to produce reactive oxygen species 1O2, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and ·OH. Zn0/Fe0 in Zn/Fe@PCN forms a galvanic cell with carbon to release electrons to join in the activation of PS. The doping of Zn not only provides sufficient electrons for the activation of PS but also promotes the effective reduction of Fe2+ and thus the Fe2+/Fe3+ cycle. The N doping accelerates the electron transfer during the reaction progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengjie Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Yunlan Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
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Li S, Liu Y, Zheng H, Niu J, Leong YK, Lee DJ, Chang JS. Biochar loaded with CoFe 2O 4 enhances the formation of high-valent Fe(IV) and Co(IV) and oxygen vacancy in the peracetic acid activation system for enhanced antibiotic degradation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129536. [PMID: 37544549 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Corn straw and sludge-derived biochar composite (BC) loaded with CoFe2O4 was successfully prepared to activate peracetic acid (PAA) for efficient degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH). Within 60 s, 96 % TCH removal efficiency was achieved through a non-free radical degradation pathway, primarily driven by singlet oxygen (1O2). The mechanism involves the electron-rich groups on the biochar surface, which facilitate the cleavage of the PAA OO bond to generate •O2-/1O2 and provide electrons to induce the formation of high-valent Fe(IV) and Co(IV). The oxygen vacancies on the surface of the CoFe2O4-loaded biochar composite (CFB-2) contribute partially to 1O2 production through their transformation into a metastable intermediate with dissolved oxygen. Moreover, elevated temperatures further enhance PAA activation by CFB-2, leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through PAA decomposition, thereby promoting TCH removal. This study offers new insights into the catalysis of metal-loaded biochar for efficient TCH degradation via non-free radical generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Heshan Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yoong Kit Leong
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tang, Hong Kong
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
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6
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Zhong L, Pan W, Shi Z, Mao C, Peng J, Huang J. Hollow Nitrogen-Doped porous carbon spheres decorated with atomically dispersed Ni-N 3 sites for efficient electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:571-580. [PMID: 37364457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Hollow nitrogen-doped porous carbon spheres (HNCS) with plentiful coordination N sites, high surface area, and superior electrical conductivity are ideal catalyst supports due to their easily access of reactants to active sites and excellent stability. To date, nevertheless, little has been reported on HNCS as supports to metal-single-atomic sites for CO2 reduction (CO2R). Here we report our findings in preparation of nickel-single-atom catalysts anchored on HNCS (Ni SAC@HNCS) for highly efficient CO2R. The obtained Ni SAC@HNCS catalyst exhibits excellent activity and selectivity for the electrocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion, achieving a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 95.2% and a partial current density of 20.2 mA cm-2. When applied to a flow cell, the Ni SAC@HNCS delivers above 95% FECO over a wide potential range and a peak FECO of 99%. Further, there is no obvious degradation in FECO and the current for CO production during continuous electrocatalysis of 9 h, suggesting good stability of Ni SAC@HNCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhong
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhikai Shi
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengwei Mao
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiayao Peng
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianlin Huang
- School of Environment and Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Wang L, Xiao K, Zhao H. The debatable role of singlet oxygen in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119925. [PMID: 37028213 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) attracts much attention in persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-AOPs), because of its wide pH tolerance and high selectivity toward electron-rich organics. However, there are conflicts about the 1O2 role in PS-AOPs on several aspects, including the formation of different key reactive oxygen species (ROS) at similar active sites, pH dependence, broad-spectrum activity, and selectivity in the elimination of organic pollutants. To a large degree, these conflicts root in the drawbacks of the methods to identify and evaluate the role of 1O2. For example, the quenchers of 1O2 have high reactivity to other ROS and persulfate as well. In addition, electron transfer process (ETP) also selectively oxidizes organics, having a misleading effect on the identification of 1O2. Therefore, in this review, we summarized and discussed some basic properties of 1O2, the debatable role of 1O2 in PS-AOPs on multiple aspects, and the methods and their drawbacks to identify and evaluate the role of 1O2. On the whole, this review aims to better understand the role of 1O2 in PS-AOPs and further help with its reasonable utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Wang
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Huazhang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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Ma T, Liu M, Offiong NAO, Duan J, Liu Y, Ren H, Zhou R. Highly-efficient peroxydisulfate activation by polyaniline-polypyrrole copolymers derived pyrolytic carbon for 2,4-dichlorophenol removal in water: Coupling mechanism of singlet oxygen and electron transfer. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130580. [PMID: 37055985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbonization of N-containing aromatic polymers is a promising route to prepare N-doped carbon materials with low cost, easy regulation, and no external N source. However, there are relatively few studies applying these materials for persulfate activation, and the catalytic mechanisms of the existing reaction systems are divergent. In this paper, a series of N-doped carbon materials were prepared by carbonizing polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy), and PANI-PPy copolymers. The copolymer-derived carbon materials exhibit superior peroxydisulfate (PDS) catalytic activity compared to some commercially available and reported carbon materials. Combing quenching experiments, EPR analysis, chemical probe analysis, and various electrochemical analysis methods identified the singlet oxygen (1O2) and electron transfer as the main reaction pathways of all systems, but the contribution of each pathway was influenced by the types of precursors. The structure-activity relationship indicated that the carbonyl group (CO) was the main active site for the 1O2 pathway, while the electron transfer ability of the reaction system and the potential of the complex formed by catalyst and PDS jointly determined the electron transfer pathway. This paper provides a new strategy for obtaining excellent N-doped carbon-based persulfate activators and deepens the insight into the mechanism of PDS activation by N-doped carbon materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taigang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Meijun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Nnanake-Abasi O Offiong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Department of Chemical Sciences, Topfaith University, Mkpatak, Nigeria
| | - Jinhao Duan
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Yuchun Liu
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Hejun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
| | - Rui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resource and Environment, College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Petrochemical Contaminated Site Control and Remediation Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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Gao P, Wang Z, Liu L, Cheng S, Li G. Efficient CF4 adsorption on porous carbon derived from polyaniline. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Heteroatom-Doped Hierarchically Porous Biochar for Supercapacitor Application and Phenol Pollutant Remediation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152586. [PMID: 35957017 PMCID: PMC9370815 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochars are considered as promising materials in energy storage and environmental remediation because of their unique physicochemical properties and low cost. However, the fabrication of multifunctional biochar materials with a well-developed hierarchical porous structure as well as self-doped functionalities via a facile strategy remains a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a heteroatom-doped porous biochar, prepared by a hydrothermal pretreatment followed by a molten salt activation route. With the creation of a high specific surface area (1501.9 m2/g), a hierarchical porous structure, and the incorporation of oxygen-/nitrogen-functional groups, the as-prepared biochar (BC-24) exhibits great potential for supercapacitor application and organic pollutant elimination. The assembled biochar electrode delivers a specific capacitance of 378 F/g at 0.2 A/g with a good rate capability of 198 F/g at 10 A/g, and excellent cycling stability with 94.5% capacitance retention after 10,000 recycles. Moreover, BC-24 also exhibits superior catalytic activity for phenol degradation through peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation. The phenol (0.2 mM) can be effectively absorbed and then completely degraded within only 25 min over a wide pH range with low catalyst and PDS dosages. More importantly, TOC analysis indicates 81.7% of the phenol is mineralized within 60 min, confirming the effectiveness of the BC-24/PDS system. Quenching experiments and EPR measurements reveal that SO4·− and ·OH as well as 1O2 are involved in the phenol degradation, while the non-radical pathway plays the dominant role. This study provides valuable insights into the preparation of cost-effective carbon materials for supercapacitor application and organic contaminant remediation.
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