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Costa D, Ielapi N, Bracale UM, Peluso A, Minici R, Faga T, Michael A, Andreucci M, Serra R. Work and the Veins. A retrospective analysis of work activities in patients with Chronic Venous Disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2024:S0890-5096(24)00579-X. [PMID: 39343362 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2024.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the relationship between work activities and chronic venous disease of the lower limbs. METHODS Patients referred to our clinical units of Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology for Chronic Venous Disease (CVD) assessment, between January 2019 and December 2023 were retrospectively enrolled in the study. Inclusion criteria were (a) CVD status confirmed by office visit and Duplex ultrasound (DUS), (b) not having any other vascular disease of the lower limbs (such as arterial or lymphatic problems), (c) work activities of at least 1-year duration, in the medical records. RESULTS A total of 948 patients (642 females and 306 males) were retrospectively enrolled. Of these, 613 patients (431 females and 182 males) were affected by CVD and 335 patients (211 females and 124 males) were not affected by CVD and served as controls. Sedentary jobs, and jobs where the ambient work temperature ambient is hot have been associated with CVD. Other types of work with no sedentary activities or with a cool ambient work temperature were not associated with CVD. CONCLUSIONS Work activity and the occupational environment may be tightly related to the onset and progression of CVD. Forced postures, excessive standing or sitting, and high ambient temperatures can reduce lower limb venous function at work and cause CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Costa
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Ielapi
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Public Health and Infectious Disease, Sapienza University of Rome, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Peluso
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Minici
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro. I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Teresa Faga
- Department of Health Sciences. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro. I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ashour Michael
- Department of Health Sciences. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro. I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Andreucci
- Department of Health Sciences. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro. I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaele Serra
- Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences. University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro. I-88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
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Avcı Işık S, Budak Ertürk E, Akay HT, Karahan A, Akpınar D, Karslıoğlu AO. Analysis of Venous Insufficiency Risk Factors and Demographic Characteristics among Nurses: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1498. [PMID: 39336539 PMCID: PMC11434460 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60091498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Chronic venous insufficiency negatively affects the quality of life and reduces the job performance of nurses, who are important components of the healthcare system. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors of venous insufficiency according to demographic characteristics among nurses working at a foundation university hospital. Materials and Methods: This study used an analytical cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 100 nurses working at a foundation university hospital in a metropolitan city of Turkey. Data were collected using a demographic characteristics form, VEINESQOL/Sym, and a CEAP classification form. The condition of varicose veins among the nurses was diagnosed by a cardiovascular surgeon using Doppler ultrasonography. Results: The prevalence of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) among nurses was 65%, with 48% at a C1 level according to the CEAP classification. CVI was higher among those with chronic diseases (p = 0.027) and those who had pregnancy (p = 0.021). In addition, the risk of CVI (+) was 7.68 times higher among those aged older than 26.5 years and 36.14 times higher for women (p < 0.001). A 0.9-fold increase in the risk of CVI (+) among nurses produced a one-unit decrease in venous-insufficiency-related quality of life (p = 0.006, OR = 0.94, 95% CI:(0.896-0.982)). Conclusions: The prevalence of CVI among nurses was found to be high, especially among women, those with chronic diseases, and pregnant individuals. In this context, it is recommended to implement risk screening and prevention education programs for CVI among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevcan Avcı Işık
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Başkent University, 06790 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Elif Budak Ertürk
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Başkent University, 06790 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hakkı Tankut Akay
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, 06790 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Azize Karahan
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Science, Başkent University, 06790 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Denizhan Akpınar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, 06790 Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Arif Okay Karslıoğlu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, 06790 Ankara, Türkiye
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Şirin G, Karaveli Cakir S, Eryiğit S, Toz H, Pirhan O, Erpolat Taşabat S, Çalişkan İ. Photoplethysmography-based assessment of varicose vein-related risk factors, exercise health beliefs, and venous refill time in healthcare professionals working in operating rooms and outpatient clinics. Phlebology 2024:2683555241258308. [PMID: 38887802 DOI: 10.1177/02683555241258308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACGROUND Impaired venous return is observed in healthcare professionals who spend long periods standing and sitting. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate varicose vein-related risk factors, exercise health beliefs, and venous refill time in healthcare professionals working in operating rooms and outpatient clinics by photoplethysmography. METHOD The study sample consisted of 100 healthcare professionals without a diagnosis of peripheral venous insufficiency. Data were collected using a descriptive characteristics form, the Health Belief Model Scale for Exercise, the Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, and photoplethysmography. RESULT This study found that OR nurses had shorter venous refill times and experienced more pain due to prolonged standing, despite their high health beliefs about exercise. CONCLUSION Healthcare professionals working in operating rooms should be screened for venous insufficiency and trained regarding the practices to prevent venous insufficiency, such as lying down, elevating legs, and using elastic stockings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökçe Şirin
- Medicana Hospital, Cardiovascular Surgeon, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Selda Karaveli Cakir
- Health Sciences Faculty, Nursing Department, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | - Sinem Eryiğit
- Acıbadem Bakırköy Hospital Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit, Nurse, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hasan Toz
- Cardiovascular Surgeon, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | - Osman Pirhan
- Cardiovascular Surgeon, Bakırköy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - İlknur Çalişkan
- Nursing Department, İzmir Tınaztepe University, İzmir, Türkiye
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Hirsch T, Wahl U, Rabe E. Venous disorders as an occupational disease - a systematic review on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and modification strategies. VASA 2024; 53:172-184. [PMID: 38536202 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a001116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Forced postures are common in the workplace. Work in the primary economic sector is characterised by a high degree of physical activity and movement; however, activities in the secondary and tertiary sectors commonly require workers to stand or sit. An expansion of the tertiary sector in recent decades has meant that people in industrialised and emerging economies primarily sit or stand at work. The aim of the systematic review was to identify occupational factors relating to the presence of chronic venous disease (CVD), to place these in the context of developments in the workplace, and to determine whether measures are in place to prevent CVD. We performed a systematic literature review to analyse studies assessing work-related risk factors for CVD. We searched for publications in the PubMed database, the clinic library of BG Hospital Bergmannstrost Halle, and the registry of the German Statutory Accident Insurance. Using occupation-specific keyword combinations, we identified 27,522 publications. The publications underwent an automatic and manual filtering process according to the PRISMA guidelines and 81 publications qualified for the review. Ultimately 25 studies were included in the systematic review. All of the subjects of the studies worked in the secondary and tertiary sectors. No studies looked at the relationship between venous disorders and primary sector occupations. Standing at work for more than four hours a day, repeated heavy lifting, and cumulative time working in a sitting or standing position are risk factors for the development of CVD. Sitting is less of a risk factor than standing or walking. Occupational history and the patient's activity profile are important diagnostic tools which can help confirm a diagnosis and justify treatment when findings are inconsistent. Compression therapy is the primary form of secondary and tertiary prevention. There continues to be a lack of primary preventive measures related to workplace design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hirsch
- Practice for Internal Medicine and Vascular Diseases, Vein Competency Centre, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Uwe Wahl
- BG Hospital Bergmannstrost Halle, Department of Internal Medicine, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Eberhard Rabe
- Practice for Phlebology and Dermatology Dr. Pannier, Bonn, Germany
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Huang W, Zeng W, Lin XQ, Zhang LF, Wei HJ, He CS. Comparison of one-year outcomes and quality of life between endovenous microwave ablation and high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein. Phlebology 2024; 39:108-113. [PMID: 37936273 DOI: 10.1177/02683555231214338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of endovenous microwave ablation (EMA) and high ligation and strippingn (HLS) of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in the treatment of varicose veins. METHODS We included 182 patients in each EMA and HLS groups. Follow-up outcomes included AVVQ, VCSS, chronic venous insufficiency questionnaire-14 (CIVIQ14) score, clinical recurrence rate of varicose vein treatment, and patient satisfaction during the 1-year follow-up period. RESULTS At the 1-year follow-up, no significant difference was found in the clinical recurrence rate of varicose veins between the EMA and HLS groups (p = .75). The duration of the operation and the length of hospital stay for patients in the EMA group was shorter than that for the HLS group (p < .01). The Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ), Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) score, and ecchymosis were lower for patients who underwent EMA surgery (p < .01). CONCLUSION Our research results confirm that EMA improves patients' quality of life with lower limb varicose veins, with EMA showing higher patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue-Qing Lin
- People's Liberation Army the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Feng Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Jun Wei
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chun-Shui He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Almutiri BM, Alshammari AM, Alharbi SB, Alamri LM, Alsuhaibani AN, Alenazi RS, Alfarhan GK. Evaluating the Prevalence and Risk Factors of Varicose Veins in Surgeons and Operating Room Staff at Buraidah Center Hospital. Cureus 2024; 16:e51706. [PMID: 38187031 PMCID: PMC10768938 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Varicose veins (VVs), which are characterized by visible, convoluted veins in the lower limbs, are a prevalent disorder that afflicts a substantial portion of the population. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to look at the prevalence and risk factors for VVs among surgeons and operating room personnel at Buraidah Central Hospital in Saudi Arabia. They usually become worse over time once they develop, which highlights the importance of early intervention and preventive actions. Methodology Data from 91 participants were collected from diverse healthcare professionals between August 2023 and September 2023 via an online questionnaire covering demographics, health, and occupational factors. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were employed to examine the correlation between these variables and the occurrence of VVs. Results The data analysis revealed that several specific factors displayed notable associations. Occupations as Surgical Physicians, OR Staff, or Nurse (p=0.009), the number of days worked in the operating room (p=0.040), the role in the operating room, especially those mainly standing (p=0.001), contraceptive pill usage (p=0.000), and vaginal delivery (p=0.037) displayed statistically significant relationships with VVs. In contrast, factors like gender, age group, ethnicity, family history of VVs, social status, smoking habits, exercise frequency, BMI, lifting heavy objects, and years in the field did not reveal substantial associations with VVs, as indicated by p-values exceeding 0.05. Conclusion The study identified a low VV diagnosis prevalence, with an equal distribution among male and female respondents. Key factors that contribute to the risk of developing VVs include the number of days worked in the operating room, the role in the operating room, a family history of VVs, contraceptive pill usage, and the method of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed M Alshammari
- General Surgery, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Buraidah Central Hospital, Buraidah, SAU
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Xiang Y, Zhou Q, Wu Z, Gou J. Chronic Venous Insufficiency in A Selected Nurse Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Angiology 2024; 75:29-35. [PMID: 36172846 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221130571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) causes severe symptoms and complications in the general population, but the prevalence, related risk factors, and treatment of CVI are unknown among nurses. The demographics and occupational factors of nurses from a university hospital were collected by questionnaires, and the presentation of CVI was confirmed by the specialist vascular surgeons. A total of 1606 participants were enrolled, and the prevalence of CVI was 7.5%. After multivariate adjustment, CVI was positively related to deep venous thrombosis history (OR 6.44, 95% CI 2.73-15.22), increased standing time (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.20-4.10), and increased time in night shift rotation (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.29-3.14). CVI was negatively related to oral contraceptives (OR .43, 95% CI .21-.87). Of the participants, 72.5% with CVI received compression therapy. For them, wearing compression stockings with a pressure of >20 mmHg or for >4 h/day significantly increased the rate of symptom relief, while the length of compression stockings made no difference. Thus, it was beneficial for nurses to spend less time standing and shorten their time in night shift rotation. Wearing compression stockings with sufficient pressure and for enough time was recommended for CVI symptom relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Xiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhoupeng Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juxiang Gou
- Department of Thyroid & Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Baghdadi LR, Alshalan GF, Alyahya NI, Ramadan HH, Alshahrani AM, Alqahtani JA, Aljarbaa MO. Prevalence of Varicose Veins and Its Risk Factors among Nurses Working at King Khalid University Hospital Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3183. [PMID: 38132072 PMCID: PMC10742512 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This quantitative observational cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence and level of risk scores for varicose veins among nurses, and the association between varicose veins and sociodemographic, occupational, and lifestyle risk factors. Using simple random sampling, from August-December 2022, 250 nurses from different departments at King Khalid University Hospital completed a validated self-administered questionnaire and underwent an observational physical examination. Most nurses (191) had low-risk scores for varicose veins, 46 nurses had moderate-risk scores, and 13 nurses had high-risk scores. From the outpatient clinics, 61.5% of nurses had significant high-risk scores for varicose veins. Those with a statistically significant association had a family history of varicose veins (p < 0.001) and other chronic medical conditions (p = 0.04). Physical activity, especially race-walking/running (p = 0.006), showed a statistically significant association with the varicose veins score. The years as a staff nurse were statistically significant among the occupational risk factors (p = 0.003). The adjusted multivariable regression model showed three significant predictors: a positive family history, running/walking, and total years as a staff nurse (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, and p < 0.001, respectively). Nurses working at outpatient clinics, positive family history, years as a staff nurse, and other chronic conditions are risk factors for varicose veins, while race-walking/running is a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena R. Baghdadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah F. Alshalan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (G.F.A.); (A.M.A.); (J.A.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Norah I. Alyahya
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (G.F.A.); (A.M.A.); (J.A.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Hend H. Ramadan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (G.F.A.); (A.M.A.); (J.A.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Abrar M. Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (G.F.A.); (A.M.A.); (J.A.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Jumana A. Alqahtani
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (G.F.A.); (A.M.A.); (J.A.A.); (M.O.A.)
| | - Maha O. Aljarbaa
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (G.F.A.); (A.M.A.); (J.A.A.); (M.O.A.)
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Shrestha P, Karmacharya RM, Dhakal P, Bade S, Dahal S, Bhandari N, Bade S. Predicting factors of patient satisfaction after varicose vein surgery at a university hospital in Nepal. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR NURSING 2023; 41:180-185. [PMID: 38072570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvn.2023.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Varicose veins are a common vascular problem with a high prevalence, yet they are often neglected. The main objective of this study was to explore the patient satisfaction after varicose vein surgery, along with its predicting factors. To our knowledge, no similar study has been conducted in Nepal to date. METHODOLOGY This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients who underwent varicose vein surgery at Dhulikhel Hospital from September 2019 to February 2020. The satisfaction level after the surgery was assessed using a 10-point Likert scale questionnaire during a telephone interview with their verbal consent. Descriptive statistics and linear regression were performed to identify the predicting factors of patient satisfaction. RESULTS Among a total of 84 patients interviewed, 53.6% were male. The mean age of the participants was 43.13 ± 13.62 years. The mean patient satisfaction score was 42 ± 5.5, with nursing service, discharge teaching and hospital service being the highest scoring items in terms of patient satisfaction. Linear regression revealed age ≤40 years as a predictor of higher patient satisfaction (β=0.258, p=0.015) while early stage of varicose veins (β=-0.233, p=0.026) and duration of post-operative follow-up (β=-0.25, p=0.021) were negative predictors of patient satisfaction. This means that patients with C2-C3 venous disease and longer duration of postoperative follow-up tended to have lower satisfaction scores. CONCLUSION The overall patient satisfaction following varicose vein surgery was very good, and the major predictors of better satisfaction were age ≤40 years, C4-C6 clinical classification of venous disease and the shorter duration of follow-up after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Shrestha
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavrepalanchowk, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
| | - R M Karmacharya
- Department of Surgery, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavrepalanchowk, Dhulikhel, Bagmati Province, Nepal.
| | - P Dhakal
- Department of Surgery, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavrepalanchowk, Dhulikhel, Bagmati Province, Nepal
| | - S Bade
- Department of Surgery, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavrepalanchowk, Dhulikhel, Bagmati Province, Nepal
| | - S Dahal
- Department of Surgery, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavrepalanchowk, Dhulikhel, Bagmati Province, Nepal
| | - N Bhandari
- Department of Surgery, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavrepalanchowk, Dhulikhel, Bagmati Province, Nepal
| | - S Bade
- Department of Surgery, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Kavrepalanchowk, Dhulikhel, Bagmati Province, Nepal
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Benn S, Moore Z, Patton D, O'Connor T, Nugent L, Harkin D, Avsar P. What is the prevalence of chronic venous disease among health care workers? A scoping review. Int Wound J 2023; 20:3821-3839. [PMID: 37139850 PMCID: PMC10588334 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic venous disease (CVD) occurs because of structural or functional disturbances to the venous system of the lower limbs. Signs and symptoms include leg pain, swelling, varicose veins, and skin changes, with venous ulceration ultimately occurring in severe disease. To assess the prevalence of CVD among health care workers, a scoping review of existing publications exploring the prevalence of CVD among health care workers was conducted in July 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used. A total of 15 papers met the inclusion criteria and these formed the basis of the review. Among health care workers, the mean prevalence of CVD was 58.5% and the mean prevalence for varicose veins was 22.1%. There is an increased prevalence of CVD in health care workers when compared with the general population. Therefore, there is a need for early diagnosis and the use of preventative measures to protect health care workers from CVD and varicose vein development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Benn
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandUniversity of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
| | - Zena Moore
- Skin Wounds and Trauma Research CentreRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
- Fakeeh College of Health SciencesJeddahSaudi Arabia
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health SciencesMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Lida InstituteShanghaiChina
- University of WalesCardiffUK
- National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence in Wiser Wound CareMenzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffithQueenslandAustralia
| | - Declan Patton
- Skin Wounds and Trauma Research CentreRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
- Fakeeh College of Health SciencesJeddahSaudi Arabia
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and HealthUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Tom O'Connor
- Skin Wounds and Trauma Research CentreRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
- Fakeeh College of Health SciencesJeddahSaudi Arabia
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Linda Nugent
- Fakeeh College of Health SciencesJeddahSaudi Arabia
- School of Nursing and MidwiferyThe Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
| | - Denis Harkin
- Department of Medical Professionalism, Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesRCSI University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
| | - Pinar Avsar
- Skin Wounds and Trauma Research Centre. The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI)University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland
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Mayrovitz HN, Aoki KC, Colon J. Chronic Venous Insufficiency With Emphasis on the Geriatric Population. Cureus 2023; 15:e40687. [PMID: 37485203 PMCID: PMC10358300 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The underpinning of Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) is valvular dysfunction, which manifests on a spectrum depending on the severity of insufficiency and duration of the disease. The mainstay of treatment relies on compression therapy of a proper type and intensity. In older adults, special consideration must be taken during the patient encounter to account for age-related factors. This review discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and mimicking of CVI, focusing mainly on older adults. The epidemiology, risk factors, disease burden, and grave complications -- such as thrombosis and ulceration, are reviewed. The physiological impacts of CVI are described, providing the background for treatment strategies, including non-invasive, medical, and surgical therapies. The findings show advanced age to be an important risk factor contributing to CVI and that other age-related factors add to the risk of severe complications. Clinical assessments combined with objective measurements that assess localized skin water using tissue dielectric constant values or whole limb assessments may aid in the differential diagnosis. Furthermore, understanding the mechanism of action of compression therapy, the mainstay of CVI treatment, and its physiological impacts, allows for its informed use in geriatric patients with increased risks of potential compression-related side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey N Mayrovitz
- Medical Education and Simulation, Nova Southeastern University's Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Davie, USA
| | - Kawaiola C Aoki
- Medicine, Nova Southeastern University's Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
| | - Jessica Colon
- Medicine, Nova Southeastern University's Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA
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12
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Chen X, Liu Z, Zhou B, Fan Z, Zhao H, Lin C. Application of femoral nerve block combined with modified swelling anesthesia in high ligation and stripping of great saphenous vein. Front Surg 2023; 9:1086735. [PMID: 36684302 PMCID: PMC9854127 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1086735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To analyze and explore the clinical efficacy of ultrasound guided femoral nerve block combined with modified swelling anesthetic solution in high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein. Methods 90 patients with varicose great saphenous vein of lower limbs undergoing high ligation and stripping of great saphenous vein were randomly divided into group A (femoral nerve block combined with modified swelling anesthesia), group B (simple swelling anesthesia) and group C (epidural anesthesia), with 30 patients in each group. The serum CRP level, operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative hospitalization time, total hospitalization cost, postoperative VAS score, preoperative and postoperative VCSS score, intraoperative mean arterial pressure and heart rate, postoperative related complications, and patients, satisfaction with diagnosis and treatment were compared among the three groups. Results There was no significant difference in operation duration, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and preoperative and postoperative VCSS scores among the three groups (P > 0.05). The postoperative hospitalization time, postoperative VAS score and total hospitalization cost of patients in group A and B were lower than those in group C, and the postoperative hospitalization time and postoperative VAS score in group A were more significant (P < 0.05). Compared with group B, the fluctuation range of intraoperative mean arterial pressure and heart rate, and postoperative serum CRP level in group A and C were lower, especially in group A (P < 0.05). The three groups of patients were followed up regularly after surgery. The results showed that the number of postoperative complications in group A was lower than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05), and the postoperative complications of the three groups were effectively relieved after symptomatic treatment (dressing change, anti-infection, taking drugs to improve circulation, etc.). The satisfaction of patients in group A was significantly higher than that in groups B and C (P < 0.05). Conclusions Ultrasound guided femoral nerve block combined with modified swelling anesthetic solution applied in high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein can significantly improve postoperative inflammatory stress reaction of patients, effectively ensure the safety and reliability of surgical progress, help to improve analgesia effect and accelerate physical rehabilitation, and has short hospitalization time, low medical cost, and high satisfaction of patients' diagnosis and treatment, which is worthy of widespread clinical promotion and reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Department of General Surgery, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force; Fuzhou, China,Department of General Surgery, Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenwen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Binbin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zuyou Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Department of General Surgery, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force; Fuzhou, China,Department of General Surgery, Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China,Correspondence: Chen Lin Hu Zhao
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Fuzong Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,Department of General Surgery, 900th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force; Fuzhou, China,Department of General Surgery, Dongfang Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, China,Correspondence: Chen Lin Hu Zhao
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Foam-in-Vein: Characterisation of Blood Displacement Efficacy of Liquid Sclerosing Foams. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121725. [PMID: 36551153 PMCID: PMC9775758 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerotherapy is among the least invasive and most commonly utilised treatment options for varicose veins. Nonetheless, it does not cure varicosities permanently and recurrence rates are of up to 64%. Although sclerosing foams have been extensively characterised with respect to their bench-top properties, such as bubble size distribution and half-life, little is known about their flow behaviour within the venous environment during treatment. Additionally, current methods of foam characterisation do not recapitulate the end-point administration conditions, hindering optimisation of therapeutic efficacy. Here, a therapeutically relevant apparatus has been used to obtain a clinically relevant rheological model of sclerosing foams. This model was then correlated with a therapeutically applicable parameter-i.e., the capability of foams to displace blood within a vein. A pipe viscometry apparatus was employed to obtain a rheological model of 1% polidocanol foams across shear rates of 6 s-1 to 400 s-1. Two different foam formulation techniques (double syringe system and Tessari) and three liquid-to-gas ratios (1:3, 1:4 and 1:5) were investigated. A power-law model was employed on the rheological data to obtain the apparent viscosity of foams. In a separate experiment, a finite volume of foam was injected into a PTFE tube to displace a blood surrogate solution (0.2% w/v carboxymethyl cellulose). The displaced blood surrogate was collected, weighed, and correlated with foam's apparent viscosity. Results showed a decreasing displacement efficacy with foam dryness and injection flowrate. Furthermore, an asymptotic model was formulated that may be used to predict the extent of blood displacement for a given foam formulation and volume. The developed model could guide clinicians in their selection of a foam formulation that exhibits the greatest blood displacement efficacy.
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Daniele A, Lucas SJE, Rendeiro C. Detrimental effects of physical inactivity on peripheral and brain vasculature in humans: Insights into mechanisms, long-term health consequences and protective strategies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:998380. [PMID: 36237532 PMCID: PMC9553009 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of physical inactivity in the population highlights the urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of how sedentary behaviour affects health, the mechanisms involved and what strategies are effective in counteracting its negative effects. Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for different pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It is known to progressively lead to reduced life expectancy and quality of life, and it is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that uninterrupted prolonged sitting and short-term inactivity periods impair endothelial function (measured by flow-mediated dilation) and induce arterial structural alterations, predominantly in the lower body vasculature. Similar effects may occur in the cerebral vasculature, with recent evidence showing impairments in cerebral blood flow following prolonged sitting. The precise molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying inactivity-induced vascular dysfunction in humans are yet to be fully established, although evidence to date indicates that it may involve modulation of shear stress, inflammatory and vascular biomarkers. Despite the steady increase in sedentarism in our societies, only a few intervention strategies have been investigated for their efficacy in counteracting the associated vascular impairments. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence linking acute and short-term physical inactivity to detrimental effects on peripheral, central and cerebral vascular health in humans. We further examine the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms and attempt to link these to long-term consequences for cardiovascular health. Finally, we summarize and discuss the efficacy of lifestyle interventions in offsetting the negative consequences of physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Daniele
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J. E. Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Catarina Rendeiro,
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Shank Circumference Reduction by Sleep Compression Stockings in University Students and Convenience Store Cashiers. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081532. [PMID: 36011189 PMCID: PMC9407786 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compression stockings (CSs) are a relatively simple and effective tool for alleviating varicose veins and are often used as a preventive measure among workers whose jobs require prolonged standing. Nevertheless, the efficacy of CSs that are advertised as sleepwear remains unverified. This study recruited 10 female university students and 10 cashiers as participants to test the effects of sleep CSs. During the experiment, the changes in shank circumference (SC) and the subjective discomfort rating upon getting up and going to bed were collected. Data were recorded immediately after getting up and SC measurement was repeated 10 min later. The results demonstrated that both CS condition and measurement time significantly affected SC reduction, whereas cashier or student status did not. The reported discomfort and tightness of the legs attributed to CSs were relatively high, and the benefit toward SC reduction was minimal. Cashiers exhibited slightly larger SC values and higher perceived discomfort levels, which may be attributed to their occupational characteristic of prolonged standing, and the cumulative effect of prolonged standing on muscle properties warrants further study. The study findings suggest that wearing CSs for sleep may not be effective for reducing OE
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Alavi N, Alimohammadi D, Mianehsaz E. Prevalence and severity of lower-limb varicose and its related factors in nurses working in Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, Iran, 2020. Nurs Midwifery Stud 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/nms.nms_115_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Elamrawy S, Darwish I, Moustafa S, Elshaer N, Ahmed N. Epidemiological, life style, and occupational factors associated with lower limb varicose veins: a case control study. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2021; 96:19. [PMID: 34228245 PMCID: PMC8260646 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-021-00075-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Few data were documented about risk factors for lower limb varicose veins (LLVV) among Egyptian population. Identifying modifiable risk factors is crucial to plan for prevention. The current research aims to study the epidemiological, life style, and occupational factors associated with LLVV in a sample of Egyptian population. Methods A case control study was adopted. Cases with LLVV (n = 150) were compared with controls (n = 150). Data was collected using an interview questionnaire and clinical assessment. Data was analyzed using the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results According to multivariate analysis among all participants (n = 300), the odds of LLVV was 59.8 times greater for those who frequently lift heavy objects (95% CI = 6.01, 584.36) and 6.95 times higher for those who drink < 5 cups of water/day (95% CI = 2.78, 17.33). Moreover, it was 4.27 times greater for those who infrequently/never consume fiber-rich foods (95% CI = 1.95, 9.37) and 3.65 times greater for those who stand > 4 h/day (95% CI = 1.63, 8.17). Additionally, odds of LLVV was 3.34 times greater for those who report irregular defecation habit (95% CI = 1.68, 6.60), and 2.86 times higher for those who sleep < 8 h/day (95% CI = 1.14, 7.16), and 2.53 times higher for smokers compared with ex-smokers/non-smokers (95% CI = 1.15, 5.58). In addition, a standing posture at work was an independent predictor of LLVV among ever employed participants (n = 234) in the current study (OR = 3.10; 95% CI = 1.02, 9.38). Conclusions This study highlighted seven modifiable independent predictors of LLVV mostly related to the life style, namely, frequent lifting of heavy objects, drinking < 5 cups of water/day, infrequent/no consumption of fiber-rich food, standing more than 4 h/day, irregular defecation habit, sleeping less than 8 h/day, and smoking. These findings provide a basis to design an evidence-based low-cost strategy for prevention of LLVV among Egyptian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahira Elamrawy
- Public Health, Preventive and Social Medicine, Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman Darwish
- Public Health, Preventive and Social Medicine, Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sameh Moustafa
- Vascular Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha Elshaer
- Industrial Medicine and Occupational Health, Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Champolion Street, El Azareeta, Alexandria, 21131, Egypt.
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18
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Li C, Fan W, Pan Z, Zheng G, Zhang Q, Rong J. Efficacy and safety of Buyang Huanwu decoction in the treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities: A protocol of randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24663. [PMID: 33663075 PMCID: PMC7909095 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicose veins of the lower extremities are common chronic venous diseases in the clinic. Although Western medicine has various surgical methods to treat varicose veins in the lower extremities, there are still a variety of complications. Some studies have shown that Buyang Huanwu decoction treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities has a certain effect, and can reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications, but there is no evidence of evidence-based medicine. The research carried out in this scheme is to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Buyang Huanwu decoction in the treatment of varicose veins in the lower extremities, and to provide reliable evidence for guiding clinical practice. METHODS This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial, which studies the effectiveness and safety of Buyang Huanwu decoction in the treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities. The patients are randomly and evenly divided into treatment group and control group, the former one is given Buyang Huanwu decoction and the latter one is given placebo. The study will last 49 days, including a 7-day washout period, 14-day intervention and 28-day follow-up, focusing on its efficacy and safety indicators. Observation indicators include: TCM syndrome score, Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS), Venous Disability Scote (VDS), Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ), Hemorheology Indicators, Adverse Reactions, etc. Data analysis is performed using SPSS 25.0 software. DISCUSSION This study will evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Buyang Huanwu decoction and provide clinical evidence for the treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities. TRIAL REGISTRATION OSF Registration number: DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/WGJXT.
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Shrestha P, Karmacharya RM, Dahal S, Dhakal P, Bhandari N, Bade S. Patient literacy on varicose veins in cases presenting at university hospital of Nepal subjected for surgical management of varicose veins. JOURNAL OF VASCULAR NURSING 2021; 39:2-5. [PMID: 33894950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvn.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Varicose veins are prominent dilated veins usually present in the lower limbs leading to complications if not managed well. Knowledge regarding varicose vein among the patients in Nepal is not yet known. We aim to examine the knowledge regarding varicose vein diagnosis and treatment among patients to better understand the barriers to care. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study adopting census sampling method. We collected data from the surgical ward where patients were admitted for surgery of varicose veins. Self-developed tool "Dhulikhel Hospital Patient Perception Questionnaire on Varicose Vein" was used for data collection after validation (Kuder-Richardson Reliability Coefficient was 0.75). Collected data were analyzed using software SPSS 23.0. Descriptive statistics was performed to present sociodemographic variables and varicose veins literacy scores. Independent sample t-test was performed for dichotomous variables and one-way ANOVA with post hoc analysis were performed for variables with multiple groups. Total 80 participants were included in the study of which 60% were men. The mean age was 45.66 years with SD 13.27. Varicose veins literacy score was high among 52.4% (more than 50% score) and low (less than 50% score) among 47.6%. There was significant mean difference (P < .01) among male and female sex, different educational groups, and different occupational groups. Patients admitted for varicose vein surgery had less than 50% knowledge in different components of varicose vein. Regular educational intervention is recommended to ensure better care of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Shrestha
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal
| | - Robin Man Karmacharya
- Department of Surgery, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal.
| | - Sushil Dahal
- Department of Surgery, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal
| | - Prasesh Dhakal
- Department of Surgery, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal
| | - Niroj Bhandari
- Department of Surgery, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal
| | - Sohail Bade
- Department of Surgery, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavrepalanchowk, Nepal
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-kyung Kwon
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyangkyoung Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mazuchová J, Halašová E, Mazuch J, Šarlinová M, Valentová V, Franeková M, Zelník Š, Krkošková K, Javorka K, Péč M, Grendár M. Investigation of association between genetic polymorphisms of MMP2, MMP8, MMP9 and TIMP2 and development of varicose veins in the Slovak Population - pilot study. Physiol Res 2020; 69:S443-S454. [PMID: 33471544 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent metalloendopeptidases that degrades extracellular matrix (ECM) components. MMPs are associated with venous wall remodelling, proliferation, migration, phenotypic and functional transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells and ECM organization under the physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We investigated possible association of genetic promoter polymorphisms of MMP2 (rs243866), MMP8 (rs11225395), MMP9 (rs3918242) and TIMP2 (rs8179090) to varicose veins development in the Slovak population. Genomic DNA from 276 Slovak individuals (138 cases, 138 controls) was genotyped for selected SNPs (rs243866, rs11225395, rs3918242 and rs8179090) using the PCR-RFLP analysis. The data were analysed by chi-squared (chi2) test, logistic regression, and Mann-Whitney test. The risk of varicose veins development was evaluated in dominant, codominant and recessive genetic models. The statistical evaluation of selected polymorphisms in patients in all three genetic models has not shown a significant risk of varicose veins development. Our study has not shown the association between selected polymorphisms and increased risk of varicose veins development in Slovak population. More evidence with broaden sample size is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mazuchová
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Martin, Slovakia.
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AlBader B, Sallam A, Moukaddem A, Alanazi K, Almohammed S, Aldabas H, Algmaizi S. Prevalence of Varicose Veins Among Nurses at Different Departments in a Single Tertiary Care Center in Riyadh. Cureus 2020; 12:e12319. [PMID: 33520517 PMCID: PMC7835718 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Varicose veins (VV) is a chronic venous disease that affects the lower extremities. It is the dilation of subcutaneous veins, three to four millimeters in diameter. VV can be attributed to several risk factors such as age, obesity, multiple parities, heavy lifting, and long-standing hours. Direct and indirect complications can occur due to VV. Several studies were conducted to estimate the prevalence of VV. Methods A self-administered questionnaire was used to estimate the prevalence of VV among nurses from different departments in the National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included questions on weight, height, work history, lifestyle, and multiple diseases. The chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used for testing the association between the various predictors and the diagnosis of VV. Results A total of 366 nurses participated in the study. There were 40 (39 females and one male) cases of VV accounting for 11.0%. Variables that have a statistically significant association with VV were social status and lifting heavy objects (p=0.02), a family history of VV (p-value=<0.001), and the number of childbirths (p=0.04). The observation of each department was not statistically significant with VV (p=0.35). Conclusion Among nurses, positive family history, age, marital status, long-standing hours, and heavy object lifting were significant risk factors for the development of VV. However, the prevalence of VV in the four departments was low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bader AlBader
- Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Asma Sallam
- Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Afaf Moukaddem
- Medical Education, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Science, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Kout Alanazi
- Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Sara Almohammed
- Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Haya Aldabas
- Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Shahad Algmaizi
- Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
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Łastowiecka-Moras E. Standing and sitting postures at work and symptoms of venous insufficiency - results from questionnaires and a Doppler ultrasound study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2020; 27:963-969. [PMID: 33054640 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2020.1834232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency is the most common vascular disease. One of the major risk factors for its development is long-term sitting or standing in the same position and the nature of the work performed. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of chronic venous insufficiency in a group of persons employed in workplaces with a predominance of standing or sitting positions, and to determine work-related and non-work risk factors. The research used two tools: questionnaires and medical examinations. The survey comprised 500 people, including 238 men (47.6%) and 262 women (52.4%), aged 25-60 years, 39.75 ± 10.80 years old on average. In addition, a group of 100 randomly selected people was subjected to medical examinations to confirm or exclude chronic venous insufficiency symptoms in the study group. The study showed a statistically significant correlation between postures adopted at work and the symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs.
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Abou-ElWafa HS, El-Metwaly AAM, El-Gilany AH. Lower Limb Varicose Veins among Nurses: A Single Center Cross-Sectional Study in Mansoura, Egypt. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2020; 24:172-177. [PMID: 33746431 PMCID: PMC7962502 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_264_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lower limb varicose veins are common among nurses due to occupational and nonoccupational risk factors. Aims To estimate the prevalence of lower limbs varicosity and its associated risk factors. Settings and Design A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 201 nurses at Mansoura University Hospital from January 1st to May 31st, 2018. Methods A questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data, risk factors for varicose veins, and occupational details. Varicose veins were diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound. Statistical Analysis Univariate and logistic regression analyses were done. Results The prevalence of varicose veins was 18.4%. Significant independent predictors are being ≥25 years old, working in emergency rooms and ICU/operative rooms, and using oral contraceptives with adjusted odds ratios [95% Confidence Interval (CI)] of [8.7 (2.6-28.4)], [10.8 (2.6-45.9)], [16.2 (3.9-67.4)], and [4.2 (1.3-13.2)], respectively. Conclusions Independent predictors, other than age, are modifiable and those with highest AOR are occupationally related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala S Abou-ElWafa
- Occupational Health and Industrial Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Aml A M El-Metwaly
- Medical Surgical Nursing, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Hady El-Gilany
- Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Distribution of working position among workers with varicose veins based on the National Health Insurance and National Employment Insurance data. Ann Occup Environ Med 2020; 32:e21. [PMID: 32802337 PMCID: PMC7406736 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2020.32.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine the effect of specific working postures on the development of varicose veins (VV). By using Korea's National Health Insurance (NHI) and National Employment Insurance (NEI) data, we analyzed the general characteristic and difference in proportions of VV cases according to occupational working posture. Methods From the NEI and NHI data, participant demographics, such as gender, age, body mass index, and number of workers in specific occupations or industries were obtained. We classified the 240 occupations into blue-collar (BC) and white-collar (WC) occupations and subdivided them into standing, sitting, and walking groups according to the dominant working posture. Results The number of VV patients per 100,000 individuals increased with age, with a higher number of women than men and a higher number of patients in the BC than WC groups. For the BC group, the proportion of VV cases was the highest in the standing group, followed by the walking and sitting groups, but there was no significant difference between standing and walking groups in man. For the WC group, the standing group had a higher proportion of VV cases than the sitting group, but there was no significant difference between the standing and sitting group in man. In the BC group, the proportion of VV cases was the highest among medical and welfare-related elementary workers, bakers and cookie makers, automobile assemblers, cleaning and guarding-related elemental workers, and nurses and dental hygienists. In the WC group, the proportion of VV cases was the highest among food/lodging/tourism/entertainment/sports-related managers, environment/cleaning/protective services-related managers, finance and insurance clerks, accounting book-keeping clerks, and social welfare and counseling professionals. Conclusions This study was performed to determine the characteristics of VV with different working posture among Korean workers. It is expected to be the basis of further studies on occupational musculoskeletal diseases.
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AYDIN F, DÜLGER D, ALBUZ Ö. The importance of the chosen statistical methods in medical research: study over modelling in estimation superficial varicose vein risk factors in young male population. JOURNAL OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.695341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Huo Yung Kai S, Ferrières J, Carles C, Turpin M, Lapébie FX, Dutheil F, Bura-Rivière A, Esquirol Y. Lower limb venous and arterial peripheral diseases and work conditions: systematic review. Occup Environ Med 2020; 78:4-14. [PMID: 32439829 DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2019-106375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The individual peripheral vascular disease risk factors are well documented, but the role of work conditions remains equivocal. This systematic review aims to assess relationships between lower limb peripheral venous diseases (lower limb varicose veins (LLVV), venous thromboembolism (VTE) comprising deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism), peripheral arterial disease (intermittent claudication, aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm) and occupational constraints among working adults. METHODS Several databases were systematically searched until February 2019 for observational studies and clinical trials. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method was used for article selection. Quality assessment and risk of bias were evaluated using Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Newcastle-Ottawa scales. RESULTS Among the 720 screened articles, 37 remained after full-text evaluation. Among the 21 studies on LLVV, prolonged standing was significantly associated to a higher risk of varicose veins with a threshold probably around >3 to 4 hours/day but exposure duration in years was not sufficiently considered. Seated immobility was often observed in workers, with no sufficient evidence to prove that prolonged sitting at work is related to VTE. Carrying heavy loads, stress at work and exposure to high temperatures have emerged more recently notably in relation to varicose veins but need to be better explored. Only three studies discussed the potential role of work on peripheral arterial disease development. CONCLUSIONS Although some observational studies showed that prolonged standing can be related to varicose veins and that seated immobility at work could be linked to VTE, very little is known about peripheral arterial disease and occupational constraints. Clinical trials to determine preventive strategies at work are needed. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019127652.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Huo Yung Kai
- Department of Epidemiology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France .,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UMR INSERM 1027, INSERM - Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Ferrières
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UMR INSERM 1027, INSERM - Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Department of Cardiology, Rangueil Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Camille Carles
- Occupational Health, University Bordeaux, INSERM UMR 1219, Equipe EPICENE. CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Turpin
- Occupational Health Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Frederic Dutheil
- Occupational Medicine, CHU G Montpied, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,CNRS LaPSCo, Universite Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Yolande Esquirol
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UMR INSERM 1027, INSERM - Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Occupational Health Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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