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Arichi T. Characterizing Large-Scale Human Circuit Development with In Vivo Neuroimaging. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041496. [PMID: 38438187 PMCID: PMC11146311 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Large-scale coordinated patterns of neural activity are crucial for the integration of information in the human brain and to enable complex and flexible human behavior across the life span. Through recent advances in noninvasive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods, it is now possible to study this activity and how it emerges in the living fetal brain across the second half of human gestation. This work has demonstrated that functional activity in the fetal brain has several features in keeping with highly organized networks of activity, which are undergoing a highly programmed and rapid sequence of development before birth, in which long-range connections emerge and core features of the mature functional connectome (such as hub regions and a gradient organization) are established. In this review, the findings of these studies are summarized, their relationship to the known changes in developmental neurobiology is considered, and considerations for future work in the context of limitations to the fMRI approach are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Children's Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
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2
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Hijman AIS, Wehrle FM, Latal B, Hagmann CF, O'Gorman RL. Cerebral perfusion differences are linked to executive function performance in very preterm-born children and adolescents. Neuroimage 2024; 285:120500. [PMID: 38135171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Children and adolescents born very preterm are at risk of cognitive impairment, particularly affecting executive functions. To date, the neural correlates of these cognitive differences are not yet fully understood, although converging evidence points to a pattern of structural and functional brain alterations, including reduced brain volumes, altered connectivity, and altered brain activation patterns. In very preterm neonates, alterations in brain perfusion have also been reported, but the extent to which these perfusion alterations persist into later childhood is not yet known. This study evaluated global and regional brain perfusion, measured with arterial spin labelling (ASL) MRI, in 26 very preterm children and adolescents and 34 term-born peers. Perfusion was compared between groups and relative to executive function (EF) scores, derived from an extensive EF battery assessing working memory, cognitive flexibility, and planning. Very preterm children and adolescents showed regions of altered perfusion, some of which were also related to EF scores. Most of these regions were located in the right hemisphere and included regions like the thalamus and hippocampus, which are known to play a role in executive functioning and can be affected by prematurity. In addition, perfusion decreased with age during adolescence and showed a significant interaction between birth status and sex, such that very preterm girls showed lower perfusion than term-born girls, but this trend was not seen in boys. Taken together, our results indicate a regionally altered perfusion in very preterm children and adolescents, with age and sex related changes during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flavia M Wehrle
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Latal
- Child Development Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia F Hagmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth L O'Gorman
- Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Zürich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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3
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Fernández de Gamarra-Oca L, Zubiaurre-Elorza L, Gómez-Gastiasoro A, Molins-Sauri M, Loureiro B, Peña J, García-Guerrero MA, Ibarretxe-Bilbao N, Bruna O, Junqué C, Macaya A, Poca MA, Ojeda N. Preterm birth and early life environmental factors: neuropsychological profiles at adolescence and young adulthood. J Perinatol 2023; 43:1429-1436. [PMID: 37454175 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-023-01727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish neuropsychological profiles after high- and low-risk preterm birth (i.e., with and without neonatal brain injury) during adolescence and young adulthood and to assess the potential role of early life environmental factors in cognition. STUDY DESIGN Participants (N = 177; Mage = 20.11 years) of both sexes were evaluated when adolescent or in young adulthood. They were grouped according to their birth status: 30 high-risk preterm, 83 low-risk preterm and 64 born at full term. RESULTS Significant differences were found in several cognitive domains between groups. Furthermore, familial socioeconomic status (SES) moderated the relation between the degree of maturity/immaturity at birth and cognition (F(5,171) = 11.94, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.26). DISCUSSION The findings showed different neuropsychological profiles during adolescence and young adulthood, with the high-risk preterm sample evidencing lower cognitive values. In addition, higher scores in the familial SES score in this study seem to have a protective effect on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leire Zubiaurre-Elorza
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain.
| | - Ainara Gómez-Gastiasoro
- Department of Basic Psychological Processes and Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Marta Molins-Sauri
- School of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Begoña Loureiro
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Javier Peña
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - M Acebo García-Guerrero
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Naroa Ibarretxe-Bilbao
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Olga Bruna
- School of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carme Junqué
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alfons Macaya
- Pediatric Neurology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria A Poca
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology and Neurosurgery Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natalia Ojeda
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
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4
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Duerden EG, Mclean MA, Chau C, Guo T, Mackay M, Chau V, Synnes A, Miller SP, Grunau RE. Neonatal pain, thalamic development and sensory processing behaviour in children born very preterm. Early Hum Dev 2022; 170:105617. [PMID: 35760006 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered sensory processing is commonly reported in children born very preterm (≤32 weeks' gestational age [GA]). The immature nervous system, particularly the development of connections from the thalamus to the cortex, may show enhanced vulnerability to excessive sensory stimulation, and may contribute to altered sensory processing. Our objective was to determine whether sensory processing assessed at preschool-aged in children born very preterm was predicted by neonatal procedural pain and thalamic development. METHODS In a prospective longitudinal cohort study, N = 140 very preterm infants (median GA at birth 28 weeks) underwent MRI early-in-life and again at term-equivalent age. Children returned for assessment at 4.5 years. Parents reported on child sensory processing behaviors on the Short Sensory Profile. General linear models were used to assess factors associated with sensory processing behaviors, adjusting for clinical and demographic factors. RESULTS Among extremely preterm neonates (born 24-28 weeks' GA), but not very-preterm neonates (29-32 weeks' GA), more invasive procedures were associated with poorer sensory processing (B = -0.09, 95%CI [-0.17, -0.01] p = 0.03). In the overall cohort, fewer sensory processing problems were associated with greater thalamic growth between birth and term-equivalent age (B = 0.3, 95%CI [0.11, 0.42], p < 0.001). Extremely preterm neonates exposed to a high number of skin-breaking procedures who exhibited slower neonatal thalamic growth displayed the highest sensory processing problems (B = -26.2, 95%CI [-45.96, -6.38], p = 0.01). CONCLUSION Early exposure to pain and related alterations in the developing thalamus may be a key factor underlying later sensory problems in children born extremely preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G Duerden
- Applied Psychology, Faculty of Education, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Mia A Mclean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cecil Chau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Paediatrics, the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Vann Chau
- Department of Paediatrics, the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anne Synnes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven P Miller
- Department of Paediatrics, the Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ruth E Grunau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; BC Women's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada; BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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5
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Fu X, Hung A, de Silva AD, Busch T, Mattson WI, Hoskinson KR, Taylor HG, Nelson EE. Development of the mentalizing network structures and theory of mind in extremely preterm youth. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:977-985. [PMID: 35428893 PMCID: PMC9629469 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents born preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) are at elevated risk for deficits in social cognition and peer relationships. Theory of Mind (ToM) is a complex form of social cognition important for regulating social interactions. ToM and the underlying mentalizing network continue to develop across adolescence. The present study recruited 48 adolescents (12-17 years old) who were either born extremely preterm (EPT; <28 weeks of gestation) or full-term (FT) at birth. Cortical thickness, gray matter volume and surface area were measured in four regions of the mentalizing network: the temporoparietal junction, anterior temporal cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus and frontal pole (mBA10). We also assessed the adolescents' performance on a ToM task. Findings revealed both group differences and group-by-age interaction effects in the gray matter indices within the temporal lobe regions of the mentalizing network. The EPT group also performed significantly worse than the FT group on the ToM task. The cortical structural measures that discriminated the EPT and FT groups were not related to ToM performance. These results highlight altered developmental changes in brain regions underlying mentalizing functions in EPT adolescents relative to FT controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Fu
- Correspondence should be addressed to Xiaoxue Fu, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 129 Institute for Mind and Brain, 1800 Gervais Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA. E-mail:
| | - Andy Hung
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Aryanne D de Silva
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Tyler Busch
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Whitney I Mattson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Kristen R Hoskinson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Hudson Gerry Taylor
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Eric E Nelson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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6
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Kelly C, Dhollander T, Harding IH, Khan W, Beare R, Cheong JL, Doyle LW, Seal M, Thompson DK, Inder TE, Anderson PJ. Brain tissue microstructural and free-water composition 13 years after very preterm birth. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119168. [PMID: 35367651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been many studies demonstrating children born very preterm exhibit brain white matter microstructural alterations, which have been related to neurodevelopmental difficulties. These prior studies have often been based on diffusion MRI modelling and analysis techniques, which commonly focussed on white matter microstructural properties in very preterm-born children. However, there have been relatively fewer studies investigating the free-water content of the white matter, and also the microstructure and free-water content of the cortical grey matter, in very preterm-born children. These biophysical properties of the brain change rapidly during fetal and neonatal brain development, and therefore such properties are likely also adversely affected by very preterm birth. In this study, we investigated the relationship of very preterm birth (<30 weeks' gestation) to both white matter and cortical grey matter microstructure and free-water content in childhood using advanced diffusion MRI analyses. A total of 130 very preterm participants and 45 full-term control participants underwent diffusion MRI at age 13 years. Diffusion tissue signal fractions derived by Single-Shell 3-Tissue Constrained Spherical Deconvolution were used to investigate brain tissue microstructural and free-water composition. The tissue microstructural and free-water composition metrics were analysed using a bespoke voxel-based analysis and cortical region-of-interest analysis approach. Very preterm 13-year-olds exhibited reduced white matter microstructural density and increased free-water content across widespread regions of the white matter compared with controls. Additionally, very preterm 13-year-olds exhibited reduced microstructural density and increased free-water content in specific temporal, sensorimotor, occipital and cingulate cortical regions. These brain tissue composition alterations were strongly associated with cerebral white matter abnormalities identified in the neonatal period, and concurrent adverse cognitive and motor outcomes in very preterm children. The findings demonstrate brain microstructural and free-water alterations up to thirteen years from neonatal brain abnormalities in very preterm children that relate to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Kelly
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Infant Brain Studies (VIBeS), Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Developmental Imaging, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Thijs Dhollander
- Developmental Imaging, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian H Harding
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Wasim Khan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Beare
- Developmental Imaging, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jeanie Ly Cheong
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies (VIBeS), Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lex W Doyle
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies (VIBeS), Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marc Seal
- Developmental Imaging, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Deanne K Thompson
- Victorian Infant Brain Studies (VIBeS), Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Developmental Imaging, Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Terrie E Inder
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Victorian Infant Brain Studies (VIBeS), Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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Wheater E, Shenkin SD, Muñoz Maniega S, Valdés Hernández M, Wardlaw JM, Deary IJ, Bastin ME, Boardman JP, Cox SR. Birth weight is associated with brain tissue volumes seven decades later but not with MRI markers of brain ageing. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2021; 31:102776. [PMID: 34371238 PMCID: PMC8358699 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Larger birth weight is associated with larger brain tissue volumes at age 73. Birth weight is not associated with age-associated brain features. Effect of birth weight on brain volumes is independent of overall body size. Early life growth is likely to confer brain tissue reserve in later life.
Birth weight, an indicator of fetal growth, is associated with cognitive outcomes in early life (which are predictive of cognitive ability in later life) and risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disease across the life course. Brain health in older age, indexed by MRI features, is associated with cognitive performance, but little is known about how variation in normal birth weight impacts on brain structure in later life. In a community dwelling cohort of participants in their early seventies we tested the hypothesis that birth weight is associated with the following MRI features: total brain (TB), grey matter (GM) and normal appearing white matter (NAWM) volumes; whiter matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume; a general factor of fractional anisotropy (gFA) and peak width skeletonised mean diffusivity (PSMD) across the white matter skeleton. We also investigated the associations of birth weight with cortical surface area, volume and thickness. Birth weight was positively associated with TB, GM and NAWM volumes in later life (β ≥ 0.194), and with regional cortical surface area but not gFA, PSMD, WMH volume, or cortical volume or thickness. These positive relationships appear to be explained by larger intracranial volume, rather than by age-related tissue atrophy, and are independent of body height and weight in adulthood. This suggests that larger birth weight is linked to more brain tissue reserve in older life, rather than age-related brain structural features, such as tissue atrophy or WMH volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Wheater
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susan D Shenkin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Geriatric Medicine, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susana Muñoz Maniega
- Geriatric Medicine, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence Collaboration (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Valdés Hernández
- Geriatric Medicine, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence Collaboration (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Geriatric Medicine, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence Collaboration (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at the University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ian J Deary
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Geriatric Medicine, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence Collaboration (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James P Boardman
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Cox
- Lothian Birth Cohorts, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Scottish Imaging Network, A Platform for Scientific Excellence Collaboration (SINAPSE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Lean RE, Ortinau CM. Neonatal Brain Structure and Cognitively Stimulating Parenting Differentially Relate to Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes of Children Born Very Preterm. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 1:87-89. [PMID: 36324996 PMCID: PMC9616377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Lean
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Cynthia M. Ortinau
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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9
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Kostović I, Radoš M, Kostović-Srzentić M, Krsnik Ž. Fundamentals of the Development of Connectivity in the Human Fetal Brain in Late Gestation: From 24 Weeks Gestational Age to Term. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 80:393-414. [PMID: 33823016 PMCID: PMC8054138 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During the second half of gestation, the human cerebrum undergoes pivotal histogenetic events that underlie functional connectivity. These include the growth, guidance, selection of axonal pathways, and their first engagement in neuronal networks. Here, we characterize the spatiotemporal patterns of cerebral connectivity in extremely preterm (EPT), very preterm (VPT), preterm and term babies, focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histological data. In the EPT and VPT babies, thalamocortical axons enter into the cortical plate creating the electrical synapses. Additionally, the subplate zone gradually resolves in the preterm and term brain in conjunction with the growth of associative pathways leading to the activation of large-scale neural networks. We demonstrate that specific classes of axonal pathways within cerebral compartments are selectively vulnerable to temporally nested pathogenic factors. In particular, the radial distribution of axonal lesions, that is, radial vulnerability, is a robust predictor of clinical outcome. Furthermore, the subplate tangential nexus that we can visualize using MRI could be an additional marker as pivotal in the development of cortical connectivity. We suggest to direct future research toward the identification of sensitive markers of earlier lesions, the elucidation of genetic mechanisms underlying pathogenesis, and better long-term follow-up using structural and functional MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Kostović
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Milan Radoš
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia.,Polyclinic "Neuron", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirna Kostović-Srzentić
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia.,Department of Health Psychology, University of Applied Health Sciences, Zagreb, Croatia.,Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Center of Research Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Krsnik
- From the Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Scientific Centre of Excellence for Basic, Clinical and Translational Neuroscience, Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Marlow N, Johnson S. Introduction. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 25:101124. [PMID: 32534907 DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2020.101124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Marlow
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, WC1E 6AU, UK.
| | - Samantha Johnson
- Department of Health Sciences, George Davis Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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