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Kennedy E, Vadlamani S, Lindsey HM, Lei PW, Jo-Pugh M, Adamson M, Alda M, Alonso-Lana S, Ambrogi S, Anderson TJ, Arango C, Asarnow RF, Avram M, Ayesa-Arriola R, Babikian T, Banaj N, Bird LJ, Borgwardt S, Brodtmann A, Brosch K, Caeyenberghs K, Calhoun VD, Chiaravalloti ND, Cifu DX, Crespo-Facorro B, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Dams-O’Connor K, Dannlowski U, Darby D, Davenport N, DeLuca J, Diaz-Caneja CM, Disner SG, Dobryakova E, Ehrlich S, Esopenko C, Ferrarelli F, Frank LE, Franz C, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Genova H, Giza CC, Goltermann J, Grotegerd D, Gruber M, Gutierrez-Zotes A, Ha M, Haavik J, Hinkin C, Hoskinson KR, Hubl D, Irimia A, Jansen A, Kaess M, Kang X, Kenney K, Keřková B, Khlif MS, Kim M, Kindler J, Kircher T, Knížková K, Kolskår KK, Krch D, Kremen WS, Kuhn T, Kumari V, Kwon JS, Langella R, Laskowitz S, Lee J, Lengenfelder J, Liebel SW, Liou-Johnson V, Lippa SM, Løvstad M, Lundervold A, Marotta C, Marquardt CA, Mattos P, Mayeli A, McDonald CR, Meinert S, Melzer TR, Merchán-Naranjo J, Michel C, Morey RA, Mwangi B, Myall DJ, Nenadić I, Newsome MR, Nunes A, O’Brien T, Oertel V, Ollinger J, Olsen A, de la Foz VOG, Ozmen M, Pardoe H, Parent M, Piras F, Piras F, Pomarol-Clotet E, Repple J, Richard G, Rodriguez J, Rodriguez M, Rootes-Murdy K, Rowland J, Ryan NP, Salvador R, Sanders AM, Schmidt A, Soares JC, Spalleta G, Španiel F, Stasenko A, Stein F, Straube B, Thames A, Thomas-Odenthal F, Thomopoulos SI, Tone E, Torres I, Troyanskaya M, Turner JA, Ulrichsen KM, Umpierrez G, Vilella E, Vivash L, Walker WC, Werden E, Westlye LT, Wild K, Wroblewski A, Wu MJ, Wylie GR, Yatham LN, Zunta-Soares GB, Thompson PM, Tate DF, Hillary FG, Dennis EL, Wilde EA. Bridging Big Data: Procedures for Combining Non-equivalent Cognitive Measures from the ENIGMA Consortium. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.16.524331. [PMID: 36712107 PMCID: PMC9882238 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.16.524331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Investigators in neuroscience have turned to Big Data to address replication and reliability issues by increasing sample sizes, statistical power, and representativeness of data. These efforts unveil new questions about integrating data arising from distinct sources and instruments. We focus on the most frequently assessed cognitive domain - memory testing - and demonstrate a process for reliable data harmonization across three common measures. We aggregated global raw data from 53 studies totaling N = 10,505 individuals. A mega-analysis was conducted using empirical bayes harmonization to remove site effects, followed by linear models adjusting for common covariates. A continuous item response theory (IRT) model estimated each individual's latent verbal learning ability while accounting for item difficulties. Harmonization significantly reduced inter-site variance while preserving covariate effects, and our conversion tool is freely available online. This demonstrates that large-scale data sharing and harmonization initiatives can address reproducibility and integration challenges across the behavioral sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Kennedy
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | - Shashank Vadlamani
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | - Hannah M Lindsey
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | - Pui-Wa Lei
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801
| | - Mary Jo-Pugh
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | - Maheen Adamson
- WRIISC-WOMEN & Rehabilitation Department, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Silvia Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Ambrogi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tim J Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Neurology, Te Whatu Ora – Health New Zealand Waitaha Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert F Asarnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mihai Avram
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Talin Babikian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura J Bird
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behaviour and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Cognitive Health Initiative, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy D Chiaravalloti
- Centers for Neuropsychology, Neuroscience & Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - David X Cifu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, IBIS, Seville, Spain
| | - John C Dalrymple-Alford
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kristen Dams-O’Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - David Darby
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas Davenport
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
| | - John DeLuca
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Covadonga M Diaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Seth G Disner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ekaterina Dobryakova
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
- Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lea E Frank
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Carol Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paola Fuentes-Claramonte
- FIDMAG Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helen Genova
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher C Giza
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Marius Gruber
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alfonso Gutierrez-Zotes
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d’Investiació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Minji Ha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charles Hinkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristen R Hoskinson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
- Section of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniela Hubl
- Translational Research Centre, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Quantitative & Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaojian Kang
- WRIISC-WOMEN & Rehabilitation Department, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Mohamed Salah Khlif
- Cognitive Health Initiative, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jochen Kindler
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Knížková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Knut K Kolskår
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Denise Krch
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Taylor Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Roberto Langella
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Laskowitz
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jungha Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jean Lengenfelder
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ
| | - Spencer W Liebel
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | | | - Sara M Lippa
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marianne Løvstad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Astri Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cassandra Marotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig A Marquardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Paulo Mattos
- Institute D’Or for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ahmad Mayeli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carrie R McDonald
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences and Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tracy R Melzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Merchán-Naranjo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chantal Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA, Durham, NC
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J Myall
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mary R Newsome
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Abraham Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Terence O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, The Central Clinical School, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Viola Oertel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapiey, Frankfurt University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - John Ollinger
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexander Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- NorHEAD - Norwegian Centre for Headache Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Victor Ortiz García de la Foz
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Mustafa Ozmen
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Heath Pardoe
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marise Parent
- Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Geneviève Richard
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mabel Rodriguez
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Kelly Rootes-Murdy
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jared Rowland
- W.G. (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MA-MIRECC), Durham, NC
| | - Nicholas P Ryan
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Raymond Salvador
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne-Marthe Sanders
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Andre Schmidt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jair C Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Filip Španiel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Stasenko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - April Thames
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, 90007
| | - Erin Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ivan Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maya Troyanskaya
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristine M Ulrichsen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Guillermo Umpierrez
- Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d’Investiació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lucy Vivash
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William C Walker
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Richmond Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System , Richmond, VA
| | - Emilio Werden
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krista Wild
- Department of Psychology, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Adrian Wroblewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mon-Ju Wu
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Glenn R Wylie
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Lakshmi N Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Giovana B Zunta-Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, 90007
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90007
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | - Frank G Hillary
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, State College, PA, 16801
- Department of Neurology, Hershey Medical Center, State College, PA, 16801
- Social Life and Engineering Science Imaging Center, Penn State University, State College, PA, 16801
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
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Dennis EL, Caeyenberghs K, Hoskinson KR, Merkley TL, Suskauer SJ, Asarnow RF, Babikian T, Bartnik-Olson B, Bickart K, Bigler ED, Ewing-Cobbs L, Figaji A, Giza CC, Goodrich-Hunsaker NJ, Hodges CB, Hovenden ES, Irimia A, Königs M, Levin HS, Lindsey HM, Max JE, Newsome MR, Olsen A, Ryan NP, Schmidt AT, Spruiell MS, Wade BSC, Ware AL, Watson CG, Wheeler AL, Yeates KO, Zielinski BA, Kochunov P, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Tate DF, Wilde EA. White Matter Disruption in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Results From ENIGMA Pediatric Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurology 2021; 97:e298-e309. [PMID: 34050006 PMCID: PMC8302152 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study addressed aims (1) to test the hypothesis that moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in pediatric patients is associated with widespread white matter (WM) disruption, (2) to test the hypothesis that age and sex affect WM organization after injury, and (3) to examine associations between WM organization and neurobehavioral outcomes. METHODS Data from 10 previously enrolled, existing cohorts recruited from local hospitals and clinics were shared with the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics Through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Pediatric Moderate/Severe TBI (msTBI) working group. We conducted a coordinated analysis of diffusion MRI (dMRI) data using the ENIGMA dMRI processing pipeline. RESULTS Five hundred seven children and adolescents (244 with complicated msTBI and 263 controls) were included. Patients were clustered into 3 postinjury intervals: acute/subacute, <2 months; postacute, 2 to 6 months; and chronic, ≥6 months. Outcomes were dMRI metrics and postinjury behavioral problems as indexed by the Child Behavior Checklist. Our analyses revealed altered WM diffusion metrics across multiple tracts and all postinjury intervals (effect sizes range d = -0.5 to -1.3). Injury severity is a significant contributor to the extent of WM alterations but explained less variance in dMRI measures with increasing time after injury. We observed a sex-by-group interaction: female patients with TBI had significantly lower fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus than controls (β = 0.043), which coincided with more parent-reported behavioral problems (β = -0.0027). CONCLUSIONS WM disruption after msTBI is widespread, persistent, and influenced by demographic and clinical variables. Future work will test techniques for harmonizing neurocognitive data, enabling more advanced analyses to identify symptom clusters and clinically meaningful patient subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Dennis
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kristen R Hoskinson
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tricia L Merkley
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stacy J Suskauer
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robert F Asarnow
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Talin Babikian
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brenda Bartnik-Olson
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kevin Bickart
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Linda Ewing-Cobbs
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anthony Figaji
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher C Giza
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Naomi J Goodrich-Hunsaker
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Cooper B Hodges
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeth S Hovenden
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Marsh Königs
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Harvey S Levin
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hannah M Lindsey
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeffrey E Max
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mary R Newsome
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alexander Olsen
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nicholas P Ryan
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam T Schmidt
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Matthew S Spruiell
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Benjamin S C Wade
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ashley L Ware
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher G Watson
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anne L Wheeler
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brandon A Zielinski
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David F Tate
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
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