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Kennedy E, Ozmen M, Bouldin ED, Panahi S, Mobasher H, Troyanskaya M, Martindale SL, Merritt VC, O'Neil M, Sponheim SR, Remigio-Baker RA, Presson A, Swan AA, Werner JK, Greene TH, Wilde EA, Tate DF, Walker WC, Pugh MJ. Phenotyping Depression After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Evaluating the Impact of Multiple Injury, Gender, and Injury Context. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:924-933. [PMID: 38117134 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The chronic mental health consequences of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) are a leading cause of disability. This is surprising given the expectation of significant recovery after mild TBI, which suggests that other injury-related factors may contribute to long-term adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine how number of prior injuries, gender, and environment/context of injury may contribute to depressive symptoms after mild TBI among deployed United States service members and veterans (SMVs). Data from the Long-term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium Prospective Longitudinal Study was used to assess TBI injury characteristics and depression scores previously measured on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among a sample of 1456 deployed SMVs. Clinical diagnosis of mild TBI was defined via a multi-step process centered on a structured face-to-face interview. Logistical and linear regressions stratified by gender and environment of injury were used to model depressive symptoms controlling for sociodemographic and combat deployment covariates. Relative to controls with no history of mild TBI (n = 280), the odds ratios (OR) for moderate/severe depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) were higher for SMVs with one mild TBI (n = 358) OR: 1.62 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-2.40, p = 0.016) and two or more mild TBIs (n = 818) OR: 1.84 (95% CI 1.31-2.59, p < 0.001). Risk differences across groups were assessed in stratified linear models, which found that depression symptoms were elevated in those with a history of multiple mild TBIs compared with those who had a single mild TBI (p < 0.001). Combat deployment-related injuries were also associated with higher depression scores than injuries occurring in non-combat or civilian settings (p < 0.001). Increased rates of depression after mild TBI persisted in the absence of post-traumatic stress disorder. Both men and women SMVs separately exhibited significantly increased depressive symptom scores if they had had combat-related mild TBI. These results suggest that contextual information, gender, and prior injury history may influence long-term mental health outcomes among SMVs with mild TBI exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Kennedy
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mustafa Ozmen
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Antalya Bilim University, Döşemealtı/Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Erin D Bouldin
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Samin Panahi
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Helal Mobasher
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Maya Troyanskaya
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Holcombe Boulevard Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sarah L Martindale
- Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W. G. (Bill) Hefner VA Healthcare System, Salisbury, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victoria C Merritt
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Maya O'Neil
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rosemay A Remigio-Baker
- Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence (TBICoE), Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Compass Government Solutions, Annapolis, Maryland, USA
| | - Angela Presson
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alicia A Swan
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - J Kent Werner
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tom H Greene
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David F Tate
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William C Walker
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Richmond Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Mary Jo Pugh
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Caeyenberghs K, Imms P, Irimia A, Monti MM, Esopenko C, de Souza NL, Dominguez D JF, Newsome MR, Dobryakova E, Cwiek A, Mullin HAC, Kim NJ, Mayer AR, Adamson MM, Bickart K, Breedlove KM, Dennis EL, Disner SG, Haswell C, Hodges CB, Hoskinson KR, Johnson PK, Königs M, Li LM, Liebel SW, Livny A, Morey RA, Muir AM, Olsen A, Razi A, Su M, Tate DF, Velez C, Wilde EA, Zielinski BA, Thompson PM, Hillary FG. ENIGMA's simple seven: Recommendations to enhance the reproducibility of resting-state fMRI in traumatic brain injury. Neuroimage Clin 2024; 42:103585. [PMID: 38531165 PMCID: PMC10982609 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2024.103585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) provides researchers and clinicians with a powerful tool to examine functional connectivity across large-scale brain networks, with ever-increasing applications to the study of neurological disorders, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). While rsfMRI holds unparalleled promise in systems neurosciences, its acquisition and analytical methodology across research groups is variable, resulting in a literature that is challenging to integrate and interpret. The focus of this narrative review is to address the primary methodological issues including investigator decision points in the application of rsfMRI to study the consequences of TBI. As part of the ENIGMA Brain Injury working group, we have collaborated to identify a minimum set of recommendations that are designed to produce results that are reliable, harmonizable, and reproducible for the TBI imaging research community. Part one of this review provides the results of a literature search of current rsfMRI studies of TBI, highlighting key design considerations and data processing pipelines. Part two outlines seven data acquisition, processing, and analysis recommendations with the goal of maximizing study reliability and between-site comparability, while preserving investigator autonomy. Part three summarizes new directions and opportunities for future rsfMRI studies in TBI patients. The goal is to galvanize the TBI community to gain consensus for a set of rigorous and reproducible methods, and to increase analytical transparency and data sharing to address the reproducibility crisis in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Phoebe Imms
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Andrew & Erna Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Quantitative & Computational Biology, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Martin M Monti
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, USA; Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC), Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA, USA.
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
| | - Nicola L de Souza
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.
| | - Juan F Dominguez D
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Mary R Newsome
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Ekaterina Dobryakova
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA; Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Andrew Cwiek
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA.
| | - Hollie A C Mullin
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA.
| | - Nicholas J Kim
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Andrew & Erna Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Maheen M Adamson
- Women's Operational Military Exposure Network (WOMEN) & Rehabilitation Department, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Rehabilitation Service, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Kevin Bickart
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, USA.
| | - Katherine M Breedlove
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Emily L Dennis
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Seth G Disner
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Courtney Haswell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Cooper B Hodges
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - Kristen R Hoskinson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, OH, USA.
| | - Paula K Johnson
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - Marsh Königs
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lucia M Li
- C3NL, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; UK DRI Centre for Health Care and Technology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Spencer W Liebel
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Abigail Livny
- Division of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Alexandra M Muir
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
| | - Alexander Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Clinic of Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; NorHEAD - Norwegian Centre for Headache Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Adeel Razi
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, WC1N 3AR London, United Kingdom; CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Matthew Su
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - David F Tate
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Carmen Velez
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Brandon A Zielinski
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Departments of Pediatrics, Neurology, and Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
| | - Frank G Hillary
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA; Department of Neurology, Hershey Medical Center, PA, USA.
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Tate DF, Wade BSC, Velez CS, Bigler ED, Davenport ND, Dennis EL, Esopenko C, Hinds SR, Kean J, Kennedy E, Kenney K, Mayer AR, Newsome MR, Philippi CL, Pugh MJ, Scheibel RS, Taylor BA, Troyanskaya M, Werner JK, York GE, Walker W, Wilde EA. Persistent MRI Findings Unique to Blast and Repetitive Mild TBI: Analysis of the CENC/LIMBIC Cohort Injury Characteristics. Mil Med 2024:usae031. [PMID: 38401164 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usae031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION MRI represents one of the clinical tools at the forefront of research efforts aimed at identifying diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Both volumetric and diffusion MRI findings in mild TBI (mTBI) are mixed, making the findings difficult to interpret. As such, additional research is needed to continue to elucidate the relationship between the clinical features of mTBI and quantitative MRI measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS Volumetric and diffusion imaging data in a sample of 976 veterans and service members from the Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium and now the Long-Term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium observational study of the late effects of mTBI in combat with and without a history of mTBI were examined. A series of regression models with link functions appropriate for the model outcome were used to evaluate the relationships among imaging measures and clinical features of mTBI. Each model included acquisition site, participant sex, and age as covariates. Separate regression models were fit for each region of interest where said region was a predictor. RESULTS After controlling for multiple comparisons, no significant main effect was noted for comparisons between veterans and service members with and without a history of mTBI. However, blast-related mTBI were associated with volumetric reductions of several subregions of the corpus callosum compared to non-blast-related mTBI. Several volumetric (i.e., hippocampal subfields, etc.) and diffusion (i.e., corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus, etc.) MRI findings were noted to be associated with an increased number of repetitive mTBIs versus. CONCLUSIONS In deployment-related mTBI, significant findings in this cohort were only observed when considering mTBI sub-groups (blast mechanism and total number/dose). Simply comparing healthy controls and those with a positive mTBI history is likely an oversimplification that may lead to non-significant findings, even in consortium analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA
| | - Benjamin S C Wade
- Department of Neurology, Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Carmen S Velez
- Department of Neurology, Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- Department of Neurology, Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA
| | - Nicholas D Davenport
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Department of Neurology, Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sidney R Hinds
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jacob Kean
- George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Eamonn Kennedy
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- The Mind Research Network, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Mary R Newsome
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Carissa L Philippi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121, St. Louis
| | - Mary J Pugh
- George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Randall S Scheibel
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian A Taylor
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maya Troyanskaya
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John K Werner
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gerald E York
- Imaging Associates of Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - William Walker
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Panahi S, Mayo J, Kennedy E, Christensen L, Kamineni S, Sagiraju HKR, Cooper T, Tate DF, Rupper R, Pugh MJ. Identifying clinical phenotypes of frontotemporal dementia in post-9/11 era veterans using natural language processing. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1270688. [PMID: 38426171 PMCID: PMC10902457 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1270688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) encompasses a clinically and pathologically diverse group of neurodegenerative disorders, yet little work has quantified the unique phenotypic clinical presentations of FTD among post-9/11 era veterans. To identify phenotypes of FTD using natural language processing (NLP) aided medical chart reviews of post-9/11 era U.S. military Veterans diagnosed with FTD in Veterans Health Administration care. Methods A medical record chart review of clinician/provider notes was conducted using a Natural Language Processing (NLP) tool, which extracted features related to cognitive dysfunction. NLP features were further organized into seven Research Domain Criteria Initiative (RDoC) domains, which were clustered to identify distinct phenotypes. Results Veterans with FTD were more likely to have notes that reflected the RDoC domains, with cognitive and positive valence domains showing the greatest difference across groups. Clustering of domains identified three symptom phenotypes agnostic to time of an individual having FTD, categorized as Low (16.4%), Moderate (69.2%), and High (14.5%) distress. Comparison across distress groups showed significant differences in physical and psychological characteristics, particularly prior history of head injury, insomnia, cardiac issues, anxiety, and alcohol misuse. The clustering result within the FTD group demonstrated a phenotype variant that exhibited a combination of language and behavioral symptoms. This phenotype presented with manifestations indicative of both language-related impairments and behavioral changes, showcasing the coexistence of features from both domains within the same individual. Discussion This study suggests FTD also presents across a continuum of severity and symptom distress, both within and across variants. The intensity of distress evident in clinical notes tends to cluster with more co-occurring conditions. This examination of phenotypic heterogeneity in clinical notes indicates that sensitivity to FTD diagnosis may be correlated to overall symptom distress, and future work incorporating NLP and phenotyping may help promote strategies for early detection of FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Panahi
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jamie Mayo
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Eamonn Kennedy
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Lee Christensen
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Sreekanth Kamineni
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | - Tyler Cooper
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - David F. Tate
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Randall Rupper
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mary Jo Pugh
- VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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5
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Huggins AA, Baird CL, Briggs M, Laskowitz S, Hussain A, Fouda S, Haswell C, Sun D, Salminen LE, Jahanshad N, Thomopoulos SI, Veltman DJ, Frijling JL, Olff M, van Zuiden M, Koch SBJ, Nawjin L, Wang L, Zhu Y, Li G, Stein DJ, Ipser J, Seedat S, du Plessis S, van den Heuvel LL, Suarez-Jimenez B, Zhu X, Kim Y, He X, Zilcha-Mano S, Lazarov A, Neria Y, Stevens JS, Ressler KJ, Jovanovic T, van Rooij SJH, Fani N, Hudson AR, Mueller SC, Sierk A, Manthey A, Walter H, Daniels JK, Schmahl C, Herzog JI, Říha P, Rektor I, Lebois LAM, Kaufman ML, Olson EA, Baker JT, Rosso IM, King AP, Liberzon I, Angstadt M, Davenport ND, Sponheim SR, Disner SG, Straube T, Hofmann D, Qi R, Lu GM, Baugh LA, Forster GL, Simons RM, Simons JS, Magnotta VA, Fercho KA, Maron-Katz A, Etkin A, Cotton AS, O'Leary EN, Xie H, Wang X, Quidé Y, El-Hage W, Lissek S, Berg H, Bruce S, Cisler J, Ross M, Herringa RJ, Grupe DW, Nitschke JB, Davidson RJ, Larson CL, deRoon-Cassini TA, Tomas CW, Fitzgerald JM, Blackford JU, Olatunji BO, Kremen WS, Lyons MJ, Franz CE, Gordon EM, May G, Nelson SM, Abdallah CG, Levy I, Harpaz-Rotem I, Krystal JH, Dennis EL, Tate DF, Cifu DX, Walker WC, Wilde EA, Harding IH, Kerestes R, Thompson PM, Morey R. Smaller total and subregional cerebellar volumes in posttraumatic stress disorder: a mega-analysis by the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD workgroup. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-023-02352-0. [PMID: 38195980 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02352-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Although the cerebellum contributes to higher-order cognitive and emotional functions relevant to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), prior research on cerebellar volume in PTSD is scant, particularly when considering subregions that differentially map on to motor, cognitive, and affective functions. In a sample of 4215 adults (PTSD n = 1642; Control n = 2573) across 40 sites from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD working group, we employed a new state-of-the-art deep-learning based approach for automatic cerebellar parcellation to obtain volumetric estimates for the total cerebellum and 28 subregions. Linear mixed effects models controlling for age, gender, intracranial volume, and site were used to compare cerebellum volumes in PTSD compared to healthy controls (88% trauma-exposed). PTSD was associated with significant grey and white matter reductions of the cerebellum. Compared to controls, people with PTSD demonstrated smaller total cerebellum volume, as well as reduced volume in subregions primarily within the posterior lobe (lobule VIIB, crus II), vermis (VI, VIII), flocculonodular lobe (lobule X), and corpus medullare (all p-FDR < 0.05). Effects of PTSD on volume were consistent, and generally more robust, when examining symptom severity rather than diagnostic status. These findings implicate regionally specific cerebellar volumetric differences in the pathophysiology of PTSD. The cerebellum appears to play an important role in higher-order cognitive and emotional processes, far beyond its historical association with vestibulomotor function. Further examination of the cerebellum in trauma-related psychopathology will help to clarify how cerebellar structure and function may disrupt cognitive and affective processes at the center of translational models for PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Huggins
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Veteran Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - C Lexi Baird
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Melvin Briggs
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah Laskowitz
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Samar Fouda
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Duke School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Courtney Haswell
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Delin Sun
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Ting Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Lauren E Salminen
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessie L Frijling
- Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Miranda Olff
- Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia B J Koch
- Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Nawjin
- Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Laboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gen Li
- Laboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Global Health Equity, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Ipser
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders (GBD), Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Stefan du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders (GBD), Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Leigh L van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders (GBD), Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | | | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoojean Kim
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaofu He
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Amit Lazarov
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Yuval Neria
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer S Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna R Hudson
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven C Mueller
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anika Sierk
- University Medical Centre Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Judith K Daniels
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia I Herzog
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Říha
- First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Multimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rektor
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Multimodal and Functional Neuroimaging Research Group, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lauren A M Lebois
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard University, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Milissa L Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Women's Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Olson
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard University, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Justin T Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Technology in Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle M Rosso
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard University, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Anthony P King
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Isreal Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Mike Angstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicholas D Davenport
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Seth G Disner
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - David Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Rongfeng Qi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang Ming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lee A Baugh
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Gina L Forster
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Raluca M Simons
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Disaster Mental Health Institute, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Simons
- Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kelene A Fercho
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, US Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Adi Maron-Katz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amit Etkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Andrew S Cotton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Erin N O'Leary
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Hong Xie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Yann Quidé
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Wissam El-Hage
- UMR1253, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
- CIC1415, CHRU de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France
| | - Shmuel Lissek
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Hannah Berg
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Steven Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Center for Trauma Recovery University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Josh Cisler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Marisa Ross
- Northwestern Neighborhood and Network Initiative, Northwestern University Institute for Policy Research, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Ryan J Herringa
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel W Grupe
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jack B Nitschke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard J Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christine L Larson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Terri A deRoon-Cassini
- Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Comprehensive Injury Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Carissa W Tomas
- Comprehensive Injury Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Social Sciences, Institute of Health and Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Munroe-Meyer Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bunmi O Olatunji
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Dept. of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Evan M Gordon
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Geoffrey May
- Veterans Integrated Service Network-17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Steven M Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ifat Levy
- Departments of Comparative Medicine, Neuroscience and Psychology, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Psychology, Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, National Center for PTSD, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David X Cifu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - William C Walker
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Veterans Affairs (VA) Richmond Health Care, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ian H Harding
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Rebecca Kerestes
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Rajendra Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Veteran Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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6
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Wade BSC, Tate DF, Kennedy E, Bigler ED, York GE, Taylor BA, Troyanskaya M, Hovenden ES, Goodrich-Hunsaker N, Newsome MR, Dennis EL, Abildskov T, Pugh MJ, Walker WC, Kenney K, Betts A, Shih R, Welsh RC, Wilde EA. Microstructural Organization of Distributed White Matter Associated With Fine Motor Control in US Service Members With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2024; 41:32-40. [PMID: 37694678 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common form of brain injury. While most individuals recover from mTBI, roughly 20% experience persistent symptoms, potentially including reduced fine motor control. We investigate relationships between regional white matter organization and subcortical volumes associated with performance on the Grooved Pegboard (GPB) test in a large cohort of military Service Members and Veterans (SM&Vs) with and without a history of mTBI(s). Participants were enrolled in the Long-term Impact of Military-relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium. SM&Vs with a history of mTBI(s) (n = 847) and without mTBI (n = 190) underwent magnetic resonance imaging and the GPB test. We first examined between-group differences in GPB completion time. We then investigated associations between GPB performance and regional structural imaging measures (tractwise diffusivity, subcortical volumes, and cortical thickness) in SM&Vs with a history of mTBI(s). Lastly, we explored whether mTBI history moderated associations between imaging measures and GPB performance. SM&Vs with mTBI(s) performed worse than those without mTBI(s) on the non-dominant hand GPB test at a trend level (p < 0.1). Higher fractional anisotropy (FA) of tracts including the posterior corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and uncinate fasciculus were associated with better GPB performance in the dominant hand in SM&Vs with mTBI(s). These findings support that the organization of several white matter bundles are associated with fine motor performance in SM&Vs. We did not observe that mTBI history moderated associations between regional FA and GPB test completion time, suggesting that chronic mTBI may not significantly influence fine motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S C Wade
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David F Tate
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Eamonn Kennedy
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
| | | | - Brian A Taylor
- Department of Imaging Physics, the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Maya Troyanskaya
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Michael E. Debakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Hovenden
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Naomi Goodrich-Hunsaker
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mary R Newsome
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Michael E. Debakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tracy Abildskov
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mary Jo Pugh
- Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Department of Informatics, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - William C Walker
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron Betts
- San Antonio Military Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Shih
- American Institute for Radiologic Pathology, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert C Welsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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7
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Newsome MR, Martindale SL, Davenport N, Dennis EL, Diaz M, Esopenko C, Hodges C, Jackson GR, Liu Q, Kenney K, Mayer AR, Rowland JA, Scheibel RS, Steinberg JL, Taylor BA, Tate DF, Werner JK, Walker WC, Wilde EA. Subcortical functional connectivity and its association with walking performance following deployment related mild TBI. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1276437. [PMID: 38156092 PMCID: PMC10752967 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1276437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relation between traumatic brain injury (TBI), its acute and chronic symptoms, and the potential for remote neurodegenerative disease is a priority for military research. Structural and functional connectivity (FC) of the basal ganglia, involved in motor tasks such as walking, are altered in some samples of Service Members and Veterans with TBI, but any behavioral implications are unclear and could further depend on the context in which the TBI occurred. Methods In this study, FC from caudate and pallidum seeds was measured in Service Members and Veterans with a history of mild TBI that occurred during combat deployment, Service Members and Veterans whose mild TBI occurred outside of deployment, and Service Members and Veterans who had no lifetime history of TBI. Results FC patterns differed for the two contextual types of mild TBI. Service Members and Veterans with deployment-related mild TBI demonstrated increased FC between the right caudate and lateral occipital regions relative to both the non-deployment mild TBI and TBI-negative groups. When evaluating the association between FC from the caudate and gait, the non-deployment mild TBI group showed a significant positive relationship between walking time and FC with the frontal pole, implicated in navigational planning, whereas the deployment-related mild TBI group trended towards a greater negative association between walking time and FC within the occipital lobes, associated with visuo-spatial processing during navigation. Discussion These findings have implications for elucidating subtle motor disruption in Service Members and Veterans with deployment-related mild TBI. Possible implications for future walking performance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R. Newsome
- Research Service Line, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah L. Martindale
- Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W. G. (Bill) Hefner VA Healthcare System, Salisbury, NC, United States
- Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISN)-6 Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness, Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Nicholas Davenport
- Research Service Line, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Emily L. Dennis
- Research Service Line, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Marlene Diaz
- Research Service Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cooper Hodges
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, United States
| | - George R. Jackson
- Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Qisheng Liu
- Research Service Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniform Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrew R. Mayer
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Psychology and Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jared A. Rowland
- Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W. G. (Bill) Hefner VA Healthcare System, Salisbury, NC, United States
- Veterans Integrated Service Networks (VISN)-6 Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness, Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Randall S. Scheibel
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Research Service Line, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joel L. Steinberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Brian A. Taylor
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - David F. Tate
- Research Service Line, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - J. Kent Werner
- Department of Neurology, Uniform Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - William C. Walker
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Research Service Line, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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8
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Keleher F, Lindsey HM, Kerestes R, Amiri H, Asarnow RF, Babikian T, Bartnik-Olson B, Bigler ED, Caeyenberghs K, Esopenko C, Ewing-Cobbs L, Giza CC, Goodrich-Hunsaker NJ, Hodges CB, Hoskinson KR, Irimia A, Königs M, Max JE, Newsome MR, Olsen A, Ryan NP, Schmidt AT, Stein DJ, Suskauer SJ, Ware AL, Wheeler AL, Zielinski BA, Thompson PM, Harding IH, Tate DF, Wilde EA, Dennis EL. Multimodal Analysis of Secondary Cerebellar Alterations After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2343410. [PMID: 37966838 PMCID: PMC10652147 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.43410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to cause widespread neural disruption in the cerebrum. However, less is known about the association of TBI with cerebellar structure and how such changes may alter executive functioning. Objective To investigate alterations in subregional cerebellum volume and cerebral white matter microstructure after pediatric TBI and examine subsequent changes in executive function. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cohort study combined 12 data sets (collected between 2006 and 2020) from 9 sites in the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics Through Meta-Analysis Consortium Pediatric TBI working group in a mega-analysis of cerebellar structure. Participants with TBI or healthy controls (some with orthopedic injury) were recruited from trauma centers, clinics, and institutional trauma registries, some of which were followed longitudinally over a period of 0.7 to 1.9 years. Healthy controls were recruited from the surrounding community. Data analysis occurred from October to December 2022. Exposure Accidental mild complicated-severe TBI (msTBI) for those in the TBI group. Some controls received a diagnosis of orthopedic injury. Main Outcomes and Measures Volume of 18 cerebellar lobules and vermal regions were estimated from 3-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. White matter organization in 28 regions of interest was assessed with diffusion tensor MRI. Executive function was measured by parent-reported scores from the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning. Results A total of 598 children and adolescents (mean [SD] age, 14.05 [3.06] years; range, 5.45-19.70 years; 386 male participants [64.5%]; 212 female participants [35.5%]) were included in the study, with 314 participants in the msTBI group, and 284 participants in the non-TBI group (133 healthy individuals and 151 orthopedically injured individuals). Significantly smaller total cerebellum volume (d = -0.37; 95% CI, -0.52 to -0.22; P < .001) and subregional cerebellum volumes (eg, corpus medullare; d = -0.43; 95% CI, -0.58 to -0.28; P < .001) were observed in the msTBI group. These alterations were primarily seen in participants in the chronic phase (ie, >6 months postinjury) of injury (total cerebellar volume, d = -0.55; 95% CI, -0.75 to -0.35; P < .001). Smaller cerebellum volumes were associated with higher scores on the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning Global Executive Composite score (β = -208.9 mm3; 95% CI, -319.0 to -98.0 mm3; P = .008) and Metacognition Index score (β = -202.5 mm3; 95% CI, -319.0 to -85.0 mm3; P = .02). In a subset of 185 participants with longitudinal data, younger msTBI participants exhibited cerebellum volume reductions (β = 0.0052 mm3; 95% CI, 0.0013 to 0.0090 mm3; P = .01), and older participants slower growth rates. Poorer white matter organization in the first months postinjury was associated with decreases in cerebellum volume over time (β=0.52 mm3; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.84 mm3; P = .005). Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of pediatric msTBI, our results demonstrated robust cerebellar volume alterations associated with pediatric TBI, localized to the posterior lobe. Furthermore, longitudinal cerebellum changes were associated with baseline diffusion tensor MRI metrics, suggesting secondary cerebellar atrophy. These results provide further understanding of secondary injury mechanisms and may point to new opportunities for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finian Keleher
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Hannah M. Lindsey
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rebecca Kerestes
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Houshang Amiri
- Institute of Neuropharmacology, Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Robert F. Asarnow
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
- Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Talin Babikian
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
- Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Brenda Bartnik-Olson
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, California
| | - Erin D. Bigler
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Linda Ewing-Cobbs
- Children’s Learning Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Christopher C. Giza
- Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children’s Hospital University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Naomi J. Goodrich-Hunsaker
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Cooper B. Hodges
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan
| | - Kristen R. Hoskinson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Marsh Königs
- Emma Neuroscience Group, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey E. Max
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Psychiatry, Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California
| | - Mary R. Newsome
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- NorHEAD-Norwegian Centre for Headache Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nicholas P. Ryan
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam T. Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock
| | - Dan J. Stein
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Cape Town University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Neuroscience Institute, Cape Town University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stacy J. Suskauer
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashley L. Ware
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta
| | - Anne L. Wheeler
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Physiology Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brandon A. Zielinski
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Ian H. Harding
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David F. Tate
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Emily L. Dennis
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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9
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Swan AA, Kennedy E, Cooper DB, Amuan ME, Mayo J, Tate DF, Song K, Eapen BC, Van Cott AC, Lopez MR, Pugh MJ. Comorbidity and polypharmacy impact neurobehavioral symptoms and symptom validity failure among post-9/11 veterans with mild traumatic brain injury. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1228377. [PMID: 37538260 PMCID: PMC10395329 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1228377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The study aimed to examine the association between post-concussive comorbidity burdens [post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and/or headache] and central nervous system (CNS) polypharmacy (five or more concurrent medications) with reported neurobehavioral symptoms and symptom validity screening among post-9/11 veterans with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Setting Administrative medical record data from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) were used in the study. Participants Post-9/11 veterans with mTBI and at least 2 years of VA care between 2001 and 2019 who had completed the comprehensive traumatic brain injury evaluation (CTBIE) were included in the study. Design Retrospective cross-sectional design was used in the study. Main measures Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and Clinical Modification diagnosis codes were included in the study. Results Of the 92,495 veterans with a history of TBI, 90% had diagnoses of at least one identified comorbidity (PTSD, depression, and/or headache) and 28% had evidence of CNS polypharmacy. Neurobehavioral symptom reporting and symptom validity failure was associated with comorbidity burden and polypharmacy after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Veterans with concurrent diagnoses of PTSD, depression, and headache were more than six times more likely [Adjusted odds ratio = 6.55 (99% CI: 5.41, 7.92)]. to fail the embedded symptom validity measure (Validity-10) in the NSI. Conclusion TBI-related multimorbidity and CNS polypharmacy had the strongest association with neurobehavioral symptom distress, even after accounting for injury and sociodemographic characteristics. Given the regular use of the NSI in clinical and research settings, these findings emphasize the need for comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation for individuals who screen positively for potential symptom overreporting, the importance of multidisciplinary rehabilitation to restore functioning following mTBI, and the conscientious utilization of symptom validity measures in research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia A. Swan
- Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Eamonn Kennedy
- Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics Decision Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center of Innovation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- University of Utah School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Douglas B. Cooper
- Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Departments of Rehabilitation Medicine and Psychiatry, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Megan E. Amuan
- Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics Decision Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center of Innovation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jamie Mayo
- Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics Decision Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center of Innovation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - David F. Tate
- Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics Decision Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center of Innovation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- University of Utah School of Medicine Department of Neurology, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Kangwon Song
- Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Blessen C. Eapen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Anne C. Van Cott
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Maria R. Lopez
- Bruce Carter Hospital, Miami Veterans Health Administration, Miami, FL, United States
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mary Jo Pugh
- Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics Decision Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center of Innovation, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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10
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Kennedy E, Dennis EL, Lindsey HM, deRoon-Cassini T, Du Plessis S, Fani N, Kaufman ML, Koen N, Larson CL, Laskowitz S, Lebois LAM, Morey RA, Newsome MR, Palermo C, Pastorek NJ, Powers A, Scheibel R, Seedat S, Seligowski A, Stein DJ, Stevens J, Sun D, Thompson P, Troyanskaya M, van Rooij SJH, Watts AA, Tomas CW, Williams W, Hillary FG, Pugh MJ, Wilde EA, Tate DF. Harmonizing PTSD severity scales across instruments and sites. Neuropsychology 2023; 37:398-408. [PMID: 35797175 PMCID: PMC9948684 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The variety of instruments used to assess posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) allows for flexibility, but also creates challenges for data synthesis. The objective of this work was to use a multisite mega analysis to derive quantitative recommendations for equating scores across measures of PTSD severity. METHOD Empirical Bayes harmonization and linear models were used to describe and mitigate site and covariate effects. Quadratic models for converting scores across PTSD assessments were constructed using bootstrapping and tested on hold out data. RESULTS We aggregated 17 data sources and compiled an n = 5,634 sample of individuals who were assessed for PTSD symptoms. We confirmed our hypothesis that harmonization and covariate adjustments would significantly improve inference of scores across instruments. Harmonization significantly reduced cross-dataset variance (28%, p < .001), and models for converting scores across instruments were well fit (median R² = 0.985) with an average root mean squared error of 1.46 on sum scores. CONCLUSIONS These methods allow PTSD symptom severity to be placed on multiple scales and offers interesting empirical perspectives on the role of harmonization in the behavioral sciences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Kennedy
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | | | - Terri deRoon-Cassini
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin
| | | | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | | | - Nastassja Koen
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town
| | | | | | | | | | - Mary R Newsome
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Cori Palermo
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | - Nicholas J Pastorek
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Randall Scheibel
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Soraya Seedat
- SU/UCT MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University
| | | | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town
| | - Jennifer Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Delin Sun
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University
| | - Paul Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC
| | - Maya Troyanskaya
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Mary Jo Pugh
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | | | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine
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11
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Kennedy E, Vadlamani S, Lindsey HM, Lei PW, Jo-Pugh M, Adamson M, Alda M, Alonso-Lana S, Ambrogi S, Anderson TJ, Arango C, Asarnow RF, Avram M, Ayesa-Arriola R, Babikian T, Banaj N, Bird LJ, Borgwardt S, Brodtmann A, Brosch K, Caeyenberghs K, Calhoun VD, Chiaravalloti ND, Cifu DX, Crespo-Facorro B, Dalrymple-Alford JC, Dams-O’Connor K, Dannlowski U, Darby D, Davenport N, DeLuca J, Diaz-Caneja CM, Disner SG, Dobryakova E, Ehrlich S, Esopenko C, Ferrarelli F, Frank LE, Franz C, Fuentes-Claramonte P, Genova H, Giza CC, Goltermann J, Grotegerd D, Gruber M, Gutierrez-Zotes A, Ha M, Haavik J, Hinkin C, Hoskinson KR, Hubl D, Irimia A, Jansen A, Kaess M, Kang X, Kenney K, Keřková B, Khlif MS, Kim M, Kindler J, Kircher T, Knížková K, Kolskår KK, Krch D, Kremen WS, Kuhn T, Kumari V, Kwon JS, Langella R, Laskowitz S, Lee J, Lengenfelder J, Liebel SW, Liou-Johnson V, Lippa SM, Løvstad M, Lundervold A, Marotta C, Marquardt CA, Mattos P, Mayeli A, McDonald CR, Meinert S, Melzer TR, Merchán-Naranjo J, Michel C, Morey RA, Mwangi B, Myall DJ, Nenadić I, Newsome MR, Nunes A, O’Brien T, Oertel V, Ollinger J, Olsen A, de la Foz VOG, Ozmen M, Pardoe H, Parent M, Piras F, Piras F, Pomarol-Clotet E, Repple J, Richard G, Rodriguez J, Rodriguez M, Rootes-Murdy K, Rowland J, Ryan NP, Salvador R, Sanders AM, Schmidt A, Soares JC, Spalleta G, Španiel F, Stasenko A, Stein F, Straube B, Thames A, Thomas-Odenthal F, Thomopoulos SI, Tone E, Torres I, Troyanskaya M, Turner JA, Ulrichsen KM, Umpierrez G, Vilella E, Vivash L, Walker WC, Werden E, Westlye LT, Wild K, Wroblewski A, Wu MJ, Wylie GR, Yatham LN, Zunta-Soares GB, Thompson PM, Tate DF, Hillary FG, Dennis EL, Wilde EA. Bridging Big Data: Procedures for Combining Non-equivalent Cognitive Measures from the ENIGMA Consortium. bioRxiv 2023:2023.01.16.524331. [PMID: 36712107 PMCID: PMC9882238 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.16.524331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Investigators in neuroscience have turned to Big Data to address replication and reliability issues by increasing sample sizes, statistical power, and representativeness of data. These efforts unveil new questions about integrating data arising from distinct sources and instruments. We focus on the most frequently assessed cognitive domain - memory testing - and demonstrate a process for reliable data harmonization across three common measures. We aggregated global raw data from 53 studies totaling N = 10,505 individuals. A mega-analysis was conducted using empirical bayes harmonization to remove site effects, followed by linear models adjusting for common covariates. A continuous item response theory (IRT) model estimated each individual's latent verbal learning ability while accounting for item difficulties. Harmonization significantly reduced inter-site variance while preserving covariate effects, and our conversion tool is freely available online. This demonstrates that large-scale data sharing and harmonization initiatives can address reproducibility and integration challenges across the behavioral sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Kennedy
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | - Shashank Vadlamani
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | - Hannah M Lindsey
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | - Pui-Wa Lei
- Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16801
| | - Mary Jo-Pugh
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | - Maheen Adamson
- WRIISC-WOMEN & Rehabilitation Department, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Martin Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Silvia Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Ambrogi
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tim J Anderson
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Department of Neurology, Te Whatu Ora – Health New Zealand Waitaha Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Robert F Asarnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mihai Avram
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Talin Babikian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura J Bird
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefan Borgwardt
- Translational Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behaviour and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Cognitive Health Initiative, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katharina Brosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nancy D Chiaravalloti
- Centers for Neuropsychology, Neuroscience & Traumatic Brain Injury Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - David X Cifu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Seville, IBIS, Seville, Spain
| | - John C Dalrymple-Alford
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kristen Dams-O’Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - David Darby
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas Davenport
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
| | - John DeLuca
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Covadonga M Diaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Seth G Disner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ekaterina Dobryakova
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Translational Developmental Neuroscience Section, Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
- Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lea E Frank
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Carol Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paola Fuentes-Claramonte
- FIDMAG Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Helen Genova
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Autism Research, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher C Giza
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Dominik Grotegerd
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Marius Gruber
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Alfonso Gutierrez-Zotes
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d’Investiació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Minji Ha
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Charles Hinkin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristen R Hoskinson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH
- Section of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniela Hubl
- Translational Research Centre, University Hospital of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Quantitative & Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Arts & Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Andreas Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre of Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiaojian Kang
- WRIISC-WOMEN & Rehabilitation Department, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Mohamed Salah Khlif
- Cognitive Health Initiative, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jochen Kindler
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tilo Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karolina Knížková
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Knut K Kolskår
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Denise Krch
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Taylor Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Roberto Langella
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Laskowitz
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Jungha Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jean Lengenfelder
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ
| | - Spencer W Liebel
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | | | - Sara M Lippa
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Department of Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marianne Løvstad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Astri Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Cassandra Marotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Craig A Marquardt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Paulo Mattos
- Institute D’Or for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ahmad Mayeli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carrie R McDonald
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences and Psychiatry, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susanne Meinert
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tracy R Melzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Merchán-Naranjo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chantal Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA, Durham, NC
| | - Benson Mwangi
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J Myall
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Igor Nenadić
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mary R Newsome
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Abraham Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Terence O’Brien
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, The Central Clinical School, Alfred Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Viola Oertel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapiey, Frankfurt University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - John Ollinger
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alexander Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- NorHEAD - Norwegian Centre for Headache Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Victor Ortiz García de la Foz
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Mustafa Ozmen
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Antalya Bilim University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Heath Pardoe
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marise Parent
- Neuroscience Institute & Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan Repple
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Geneviève Richard
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mabel Rodriguez
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Kelly Rootes-Murdy
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jared Rowland
- W.G. (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC
- Department of Neurobiology & Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
- VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MA-MIRECC), Durham, NC
| | - Nicholas P Ryan
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Raymond Salvador
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne-Marthe Sanders
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Andre Schmidt
- University of Basel, Department of Psychiatry (UPK), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jair C Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Filip Španiel
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Stasenko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Frederike Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Straube
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - April Thames
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, 90007
| | - Erin Tone
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Ivan Torres
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maya Troyanskaya
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Ohio State Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kristine M Ulrichsen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
| | - Guillermo Umpierrez
- Division of Endocrinology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elisabet Vilella
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Institut Pere Mata, Tarragona, Spain
- Institut d’Investiació Sanitària Pere Virgili-CERCA, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lucy Vivash
- Department of Neuroscience, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William C Walker
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
- Richmond Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Central Virginia VA Health Care System , Richmond, VA
| | - Emilio Werden
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lars T Westlye
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Krista Wild
- Department of Psychology, Phoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Adrian Wroblewski
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mon-Ju Wu
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Glenn R Wylie
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
- Rocco Ortenzio Neuroimaging Center, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Lakshmi N Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Giovana B Zunta-Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, 90007
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, 90007
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | - Frank G Hillary
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, State College, PA, 16801
- Department of Neurology, Hershey Medical Center, State College, PA, 16801
- Social Life and Engineering Science Imaging Center, Penn State University, State College, PA, 16801
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132
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12
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Dennis EL, Newsome MR, Lindsey HM, Adamson M, Austin TA, Disner SG, Eapen BC, Esopenko C, Franz CE, Geuze E, Haswell C, Hinds SR, Hodges CB, Irimia A, Kenney K, Koerte IK, Kremen WS, Levin HS, Morey RA, Ollinger J, Rowland JA, Scheibel RS, Shenton ME, Sullivan DR, Talbert LD, Thomopoulos SI, Troyanskaya M, Walker WC, Wang X, Ware AL, Werner JK, Williams W, Thompson PM, Tate DF, Wilde EA. Altered lateralization of the cingulum in deployment-related traumatic brain injury: An ENIGMA military-relevant brain injury study. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:1888-1900. [PMID: 36583562 PMCID: PMC9980891 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in military populations can cause disruptions in brain structure and function, along with cognitive and psychological dysfunction. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) can detect alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure, but few studies have examined brain asymmetry. Examining asymmetry in large samples may increase sensitivity to detect heterogeneous areas of WM alteration in mild TBI. Through the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics Through Meta-Analysis Military-Relevant Brain Injury working group, we conducted a mega-analysis of neuroimaging and clinical data from 16 cohorts of Active Duty Service Members and Veterans (n = 2598). dMRI data were processed together along with harmonized demographic, injury, psychiatric, and cognitive measures. Fractional anisotropy in the cingulum showed greater asymmetry in individuals with deployment-related TBI, driven by greater left lateralization in TBI. Results remained significant after accounting for potentially confounding variables including posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and handedness, and were driven primarily by individuals whose worst TBI occurred before age 40. Alterations in the cingulum were also associated with slower processing speed and poorer set shifting. The results indicate an enhancement of the natural left laterality of the cingulum, possibly due to vulnerability of the nondominant hemisphere or compensatory mechanisms in the dominant hemisphere. The cingulum is one of the last WM tracts to mature, reaching peak FA around 42 years old. This effect was primarily detected in individuals whose worst injury occurred before age 40, suggesting that the protracted development of the cingulum may lead to increased vulnerability to insults, such as TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Dennis
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare SystemSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Mary R. Newsome
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Hannah M. Lindsey
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare SystemSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Maheen Adamson
- Rehabilitation DepartmentVA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- NeurosurgeryStanford School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Operational Military Exposure Network (WOMEN), VA Palo Alto Healthcare SystemCaliforniaPalo Alto94304USA
| | - Tara A. Austin
- The VA Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War VeteransWacoTexasUSA
| | - Seth G. Disner
- Minneapolis VA Health Care SystemMinneapolisMinnesottaUSA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMinnesottaUSA
| | - Blessen C. Eapen
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationVA Greater Los Angeles Health Care SystemLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of MedicineDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human PerformanceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Carol E. Franz
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of AgingUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elbert Geuze
- University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Brain Research and Innovation CentreMinistry of DefenceUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Courtney Haswell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sidney R. Hinds
- Department of NeurologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Cooper B. Hodges
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringViterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of NeurologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMarylandUSA
- National Intrepid Center of ExcellenceWalter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Inga K. Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging LaboratoryBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of AgingUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental HealthVA San Diego Healthcare SystemLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Harvey S. Levin
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Duke‐UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- VA Mid‐Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MA‐MIRECC)DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - John Ollinger
- National Intrepid Center of ExcellenceWalter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Jared A. Rowland
- VA Mid‐Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MA‐MIRECC)DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- W.G. (Bill) Hefner VA Medical CenterSalisburyNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Neurobiology & AnatomyWake Forest School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Randall S. Scheibel
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Martha E. Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging LaboratoryBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- VA Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Danielle R. Sullivan
- National Center for PTSDVA Boston Healthcare SystemBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of PsychiatryBoston University School of MedicineBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Leah D. Talbert
- Department of PsychologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtahUSA
| | - Sophia I. Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics CenterStevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maya Troyanskaya
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - William C. Walker
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical CenterRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of ToledoToledoOhioUSA
| | - Ashley L. Ware
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of PsychologyGeorgia State UniversityAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - John Kent Werner
- Department of NeurologyUniformed Services UniversityBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Wright Williams
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical CenterHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics CenterStevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and OphthalmologyUSCLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - David F. Tate
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare SystemSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare SystemSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
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Tate DF, Dennis EL, Lindsey HM, Wilde EA. Harmonization of neuropsychological and other clinical endpoints: Pitfalls and possibilities. Neuropsychology 2023; 37:233-236. [PMID: 37011158 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This special issue brings together different methods for improving harmonization of existing (i.e., legacy) and future research data. We expect that when these methods are fully deployed, they will benefit research on various clinical conditions by allowing researchers to explore more nuanced questions using larger and more ethnically, socially, and economically diverse samples than previously available. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Dennis EL, Keleher F, Tate DF, Wilde EA. The Role of Neuroimaging in Evolving TBI Research and Clinical Practice. medRxiv 2023:2023.02.24.23286258. [PMID: 36865222 PMCID: PMC9980266 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.23286258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been widely adopted in the clinical diagnosis and management of traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly at the more acute and severe levels of injury. Additionally, a number of advanced applications of MRI have been employed in TBI-related clinical research with great promise, and researchers have used these techniques to better understand underlying mechanisms, progression of secondary injury and tissue perturbation over time, and relation of focal and diffuse injury to later outcome. However, the acquisition and analysis time, the cost of these and other imaging modalities, and the need for specialized expertise have represented historical barriers in extending these tools in clinical practice. While group studies are important in detecting patterns, heterogeneity among patient presentation and limited sample sizes from which to compare individual level data to well-developed normative data have also played a role in the limited translatability of imaging to wider clinical application. Fortunately, the field of TBI has benefitted from increased public and scientific awareness of the prevalence and impact of TBI, particularly in head injury related to recent military conflicts and sport-related concussion. This awareness parallels an increase in federal funding in the United States and other countries allocated to investigation in these areas. In this article we summarize funding and publication trends since the mainstream adoption of imaging in TBI to elucidate evolving trends and priorities in the application of different techniques and patient populations. We also review recent and ongoing efforts to advance the field through promoting reproducibility, data sharing, big data analytic methods, and team science. Finally, we discuss international collaborative efforts to combine and harmonize neuroimaging, cognitive, and clinical data, both prospectively and retrospectively. Each of these represent unique, but related, efforts that facilitate closing gaps between the use of advanced imaging solely as a research tool and the use of it in clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Dennis
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Finian Keleher
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - David F Tate
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
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15
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Mehr JB, Bennett ER, Price JL, de Souza NL, Buckman JF, Wilde EA, Tate DF, Marshall AD, Dams-O'Connor K, Esopenko C. Intimate partner violence, substance use, and health comorbidities among women: A narrative review. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1028375. [PMID: 36778165 PMCID: PMC9912846 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1028375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV), including physical, sexual, and psychological violence, aggression, and/or stalking, impacts overall health and can have lasting mental and physical health consequences. Substance misuse is common among individuals exposed to IPV, and IPV-exposed women (IPV-EW) are at-risk for transitioning from substance misuse to substance use disorder (SUD) and demonstrate greater SUD symptom severity; this too can have lasting mental and physical health consequences. Moreover, brain injury is highly prevalent in IPV-EW and is also associated with risk of substance misuse and SUD. Substance misuse, mental health diagnoses, and brain injury, which are highly comorbid, can increase risk of revictimization. Determining the interaction between these factors on the health outcomes and quality of life of IPV-EW remains a critical need. This narrative review uses a multidisciplinary perspective to foster further discussion and research in this area by examining how substance use patterns can cloud identification of and treatment for brain injury and IPV. We draw on past research and the knowledge of our multidisciplinary team of researchers to provide recommendations to facilitate access to resources and treatment strategies and highlight intervention strategies capable of addressing the varied and complex needs of IPV-EW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline B. Mehr
- School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University – New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Esther R. Bennett
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Julianne L. Price
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Nicola L. de Souza
- School of Graduate Studies, Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States,Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States,Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer F. Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States,Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States,George E. Wahlen, VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Research Care Line, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - David F. Tate
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States,George E. Wahlen, VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Research Care Line, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Amy D. Marshall
- Department of Psychology, College of the Liberal Arts, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, United States,Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Carrie Esopenko,
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Walker WC, O'Neil ME, Ou Z, Pogoda TK, Belanger HG, Scheibel RS, Presson AP, Miles SR, Wilde EA, Tate DF, Troyanskaya M, Pugh MJ, Jak A, Cifu DX. Can mild traumatic brain injury alter cognition chronically? A LIMBIC-CENC multicenter study. Neuropsychology 2023; 37:1-19. [PMID: 36174184 PMCID: PMC10117581 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While outcome from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is generally favorable, concern remains over potential negative long-term effects, including impaired cognition. This study examined the link between cognitive performance and remote mTBIs within the Long-term Impact of Military-relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (LIMBIC-CENC) multicenter, observational study of Veterans and service members (SMs) with combat exposure. METHOD Baseline data of the participants passing all cognitive performance validity tests (n = 1,310) were used to conduct a cross-sectional analysis. Using multivariable regression models that adjusted for covariates, including age and estimated preexposure intellectual function, positive mTBI history groups, 1-2 lifetime mTBIs (nonrepetitive, n = 614), and 3 + lifetime mTBIs (repetitive; n = 440) were compared to TBI negative controls (n = 256) on each of the seven cognitive domains computed by averaging Z scores of prespecified component tests. Significance levels were adjusted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Neither of the mTBI positive groups differed from the mTBI negative control group on any of the cognitive domains in multivariable analyses. Findings were also consistently negative across sensitivity analyses (e.g., mTBIs as a continuous variable, number of blast-related mTBIs, or years since the first and last mTBI). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the average veteran or SM who experienced one or more mTBIs does not have postacute objective cognitive deficits due to mTBIs alone. A holistic health care approach including comorbidity assessment is indicated for patients reporting chronic cognitive difficulties after mTBI(s), and strategies for addressing misattribution may be beneficial. Future study is recommended with longitudinal designs to assess within-subjects decline from potential neurodegeneration. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Terri K Pogoda
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David F Tate
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
| | | | - Mary Jo Pugh
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System
| | - Amy Jak
- VA San Diego Healthcare System
| | - David X Cifu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
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Hammers DB, Miranda M, Abildskov TJ, Tate DF, Wilde EA, Spencer RJ. Consideration of different scoring approaches for a verbal incidental learning measure from the WAIS-IV using hippocampal volumes. Appl Neuropsychol Adult 2023; 30:43-53. [PMID: 33882772 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2021.1909592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: While Spencer's verbal incidental learning (IL) task-from Vocabulary and Similarities subtests of the WAIS-has been validated relative to traditional memory measures and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, the effectiveness of the particular scoring method used has not been assessed relative to alternative scoring weightings. The purpose of this study was to compare original and alternative scoring methods of this IL task by using an AD biomarker-benchmark to arrive at an optimal approach. Methods: Fifty-five memory-clinic patients aged 59-87 received neuropsychological assessment, measures of IL, and quantitative brain imaging. Partial correlation coefficients with total hippocampal volume-controlling for age, sex, and intracranial volume-were assessed across several IL scoring methods, and partial correlations with measures of memory were examined to evaluate convergent validity.Results: IL scoring methods maximizing the contribution of paired-associate-recall-performance were significantly correlated with both hippocampal volumes and traditional memory measures, whereas discrimination-emphasized scoring methods were not.Conclusions: IL scoring methods emphasizing memory paired-associate recall appeared to be preferable to those emphasizing memory discrimination. Administration of the IL- Similarities subtest alone, without IL- Vocabulary, may strike a balance between strength of relationships with both hippocampal volumes and standard memory measures, while also limiting administration time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin B Hammers
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging, and Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michelle Miranda
- Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer's Care, Imaging, and Research, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tracy J Abildskov
- Department of Neurology, Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Robert J Spencer
- Mental Health Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Neuropsychology Section, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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18
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Dennis EL, Veer IM, Descoteaux M, Tate DF, Wilde EA. Editorial: Harmonization strategies and considerations in neuroimaging studies. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1165263. [PMID: 36959827 PMCID: PMC10028274 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1165263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Dennis
- Department of Neurology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Emily L. Dennis
| | - Ilya M. Veer
- Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Department of Computer Science, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - David F. Tate
- Department of Neurology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Department of Neurology, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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19
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Stewart IJ, Amuan ME, Wang CP, Kennedy E, Kenney K, Werner JK, Carlson KF, Tate DF, Pogoda TK, Dismuke-Greer CE, Wright WS, Wilde EA, Pugh MJ. Association Between Traumatic Brain Injury and Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease Among Post-9/11-Era Veterans. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:1122-1129. [PMID: 36066882 PMCID: PMC9449870 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2022.2682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Question What is the association of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease in veterans of the recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan? Findings In this cohort study of 1 559 928 participants, TBI was associated with the development of a composite end point for cardiovascular disease (coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease). TBI was also associated with the individual components of this composite end point. Meaning Traumatic brain injury is a potentially novel risk factor for cardiovascular disease in veterans. Importance Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was common among US service members deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. Although there is some evidence to suggest that TBI increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), prior reports were predominantly limited to cerebrovascular outcomes. The potential association of TBI with CVD has not been comprehensively examined in post-9/11–era veterans. Objective To determine the association between TBI and subsequent CVD in post-9/11–era veterans. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a retrospective cohort study conducted from October 1, 1999, to September 30, 2016. Participants were followed up until December 31, 2018. Included in the study were administrative data from the US Department of Veterans Affairs and the Department of Defense from the Long-term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium–Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium. Participants were excluded if dates did not overlap with the study period. Data analysis was conducted between November 22, 2021, and June 28, 2022. Exposures History of TBI as measured by diagnosis in health care records. Main Outcomes and Measures Composite end point of CVD: coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, and cardiovascular death. Results Of the 2 530 875 veterans from the consortium, after exclusions, a total of 1 559 928 veterans were included in the analysis. A total of 301 169 veterans (19.3%; median [IQR] age, 27 [23-34] years; 265 217 male participants [88.1]) with a TBI history and 1 258 759 veterans (80.7%; median [IQR] age, 29 [24-39] years; 1 012 159 male participants [80.4%]) without a TBI history were included for analysis. Participants were predominately young (1 058 054 [67.8%] <35 years at index date) and male (1 277 376 [81.9%]). Compared with participants without a history of TBI, diagnoses of mild TBI (hazard ratio [HR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.58-1.66; P < .001), moderate to severe TBI (HR, 2.63; 95% CI, 2.51-2.76; P < .001), and penetrating TBI (HR, 4.60; 95% CI, 4.26-4.96; P < .001) were associated with CVD in adjusted models. In analyses of secondary outcomes, all severities of TBI were associated with the individual components of the composite outcome except penetrating TBI and CVD death. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this cohort study suggest that US veterans with a TBI history were more likely to develop CVD compared with veterans without a TBI history. Given the relatively young age of the cohort, these results suggest that there may be an increased burden of CVD as these veterans age and develop other CVD risk factors. Future studies are needed to determine if the increased risk associated with TBI is modifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland.,Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Megan E Amuan
- Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center of Innovation, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Chen-Pin Wang
- University of Texas Health San Antonio, Department of Population Health Sciences, San Antonio
| | - Eamonn Kennedy
- Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center of Innovation, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland.,Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - J Kent Werner
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathleen F Carlson
- VA Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health and Science University, School of Public Health, Portland
| | - David F Tate
- Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center of Innovation, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Terri K Pogoda
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Clara E Dismuke-Greer
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Health Economics Resource Center, Palo Alto, California
| | - W Shea Wright
- Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center of Innovation, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center of Innovation, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
| | - Mary Jo Pugh
- Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center of Innovation, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City
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20
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Fino PC, Dibble LE, Wilde EA, Fino NF, Johnson P, Cortez MM, Hansen CR, van der Veen SM, Skop KM, Werner JK, Tate DF, Levin HS, Pugh MJV, Walker WC. Sensory Phenotypes for Balance Dysfunction After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurology 2022; 99:e521-e535. [PMID: 35577572 PMCID: PMC9421603 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Recent team-based models of care use symptom subtypes to guide treatments of individuals with chronic effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, these subtypes, or phenotypes, may be too broad, particularly for balance (e.g., vestibular subtype). To gain insight into mTBI-related imbalance, we (1) explored whether a dominant sensory phenotype (e.g., vestibular impaired) exists in the chronic mTBI population, (2) determined the clinical characteristics, symptomatic clusters, functional measures, and injury mechanisms that associate with sensory phenotypes for balance control in this population, and (3) compared the presentations of sensory phenotypes between individuals with and without previous mTBI. METHODS A secondary analysis was conducted on the Long-Term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium-Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium. Sensory ratios were calculated from the sensory organization test, and individuals were categorized into 1 of the 8 possible sensory phenotypes. Demographic, clinical, and injury characteristics were compared across phenotypes. Symptoms, cognition, and physical function were compared across phenotypes, groups, and their interaction. RESULTS Data from 758 Service Members and Veterans with mTBI and 172 individuals with no lifetime history of mTBI were included. Abnormal visual, vestibular, and proprioception ratios were observed in 29%, 36%, and 38% of people with mTBI, respectively, with 32% exhibiting more than 1 abnormal sensory ratio. Within the mTBI group, global outcomes (p < 0.001), self-reported symptom severity (p < 0.027), and nearly all physical and cognitive functioning tests (p < 0.027) differed across sensory phenotypes. Individuals with mTBI generally reported worse symptoms than their non-mTBI counterparts within the same phenotype (p = 0.026), but participants with mTBI in the vestibular-deficient phenotype reported lower symptom burdens than their non-mTBI counterparts (e.g., mean [SD] Dizziness Handicap Inventory = 4.9 [8.1] for mTBI vs 12.8 [12.4] for non-mTBI, group × phenotype interaction p < 0.001). Physical and cognitive functioning did not differ between the groups after accounting for phenotype. DISCUSSION Individuals with mTBI exhibit a variety of chronic balance deficits involving heterogeneous sensory integration problems. While imbalance when relying on vestibular information is common, it is inaccurate to label all mTBI-related balance dysfunction under the vestibular umbrella. Future work should consider specific classification of balance deficits, including specific sensory phenotypes for balance control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Fino
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA.
| | - Leland E Dibble
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Nora F Fino
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA.
| | - Paula Johnson
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Melissa M Cortez
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Colby R Hansen
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Susanne M van der Veen
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Karen M Skop
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - J Kent Werner
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - David F Tate
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Harvey S Levin
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - Mary Jo V Pugh
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
| | - William C Walker
- From the Departments of Health & Kinesiology (P.C.F.), and Physical Therapy and Athletic Training (L.E.D.), University of Utah; George E. Wahlen VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System (E.A.W., D.F.T.); Department of Neurology (E.A.W., P.J., M.M.C., D.F.T.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.A.W., H.S.L.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; Division of Epidemiology (N.F.F.), Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.R.H.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Department of Physical Therapy (S.M.v.d.V.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Services (K.M.S.), James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital; Department of Physical Therapy (K.M.S.), Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM) (J.K.W.), and Department of Neurology (J.K.W.), Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine (M.J.V.P.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center (M.J.V.P.), VA Salt Lake City, UT; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (W.C.W.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center (W.C.W.), Richmond, VA
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Liebel SW, Johnson PK, Lindsey HM, Russell HA, Hovenden ES, Velez C, Carr LS, Wilde EA, Tate DF. A-25 Transcranial Photobiomodulation Treatment Effects In Former Athletes With Repetitive Head Hits. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac32.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Psychiatric symptoms, sleep disruption, reaction time, and fine motor coordination are associated with repetitive head hits. Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) has been proposed as a non-invasive treatment for post-head injury symptoms. This proof-of-concept study begins to address tPBM’s potential utility in the neurorehabilitation of athletes with repetitive head hits. Methods: Study participants included 49 former male and female athletes (Mage = 45.90 years; SD = 14.45) with a history of repetitive head hits. Inclusion criteria were: aged 18–65 years and a self-reported history of concussive and/or repetitive sub-concussive events. We conducted a non-randomized study design wherein participants received active tPBM treatment for 8 weeks. At pre- and post-treatment timepoints, self-report questionnaires for depression (CES-D), posttraumatic stress (PCL-5), adjustment (MPAI-4), and sleep quality (PSQI) were obtained, as were assessments of simple reaction time, grip strength, and hand dexterity (Grooved Pegboard). Paired t-tests analyzed pre- and post-treatment effects. Results: Following tPBM treatment, study participants demonstrated statistically significant reductions in self-reported depression (t = 4.54, p < 0.001, d = 0.75), posttraumatic stress (t = 3.43, p < 0.001, d = 0.54), and adjustment (t = 5.23, p < 0.001, d = 0.83) symptoms compared to pre-treatment levels. Sleep quality (t = 3.72, p < 0.001, d = 0.57), simple reaction time (t = 4.57, p < 0.001, d = 0.73), dominant hand grip strength (t = 2.59, p = 0.013, d = 0.41), and nondominant hand grip strength (t = 4.18, p < 0.001, d = 67) improved following tPBM treatment. Bilateral hand dexterity did not significantly change following treatment. Conclusions: Results suggest that tPBM may reduce psychiatric symptoms and improve sleep quality, simple reaction time, and grip strength among former athletes with repetitive head hits. These data support future research on the potential neurorehabilitative effects of tPBM.
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Valle CG, Diamond M, Pinto BM, LaRose JG, Nezami BT, Hales DP, Deal AM, Heiling H, Rini CM, Rosenstein DL, Tate DF. IMPACT: A Randomized Controlled Trial of an mHealth Physical Activity Intervention for Young Adult Cancer Survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022. [PMID: 35775210 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-22-0471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The IMPACT trial evaluated a theory-based mobile physical activity (PA) intervention on total PA (primary) and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) at 6 months in a nationwide sample of young adult cancer survivors (YACS). METHODS YACS (N=280) were randomized to either an intervention group or a self-help (control) group. All participants received digital tools (activity tracker, smart scale, Facebook group) and an individual videochat session. Intervention participants also received a 6-month mHealth program with components to promote increased PA (behavioral lessons, adaptive goal-setting, tailored feedback, tailored text messages, Facebook group prompts). PA was assessed via accelerometry and online questionnaire (Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire) at baseline and 6 months. Using linear mixed models and an intention-to-treat approach, we tested for group differences in changes from baseline to 6 months, adjusting for education, time since diagnosis, age, and accelerometer wear time. RESULTS Of 280 YACS (M=33.4 (SD 4.8) yrs, 81.8% women, 23.2% racial/ethnic minority individuals), 92.9% completed 6-month measures. Device-measured total PA min/wk (i.e., sum of light, moderate, and vigorous PA) increased from a mean of 1974.3 (SD=673.9) to 2024.3 (686.7) at 6 months in the intervention group (p=.26) and from 1814.9 (704.5) to 1877.7 (758.2) in the control group (p=.43), with no difference between groups (p=.84). Both groups increased MVPA min/wk over 6 months; increases were 24.7 min/wk (95% CI: 14.8, 34.6; p<.0001) in the intervention versus 11.4 min/wk (95% CI: 1.4, 21.4; p=.02) in the control (p=.07 between groups). Increases in MVPA were 99.7% and 41.6% over baseline in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Increases in self-reported total PA were significant; 123.3 min/wk (95 CI%: 94.5, 152.1; p<.0001) in the intervention versus 83.40 (95% CI: 49.30, 117.50; p<.0001) in the control (p=.08 between groups). CONCLUSIONS While both groups increased total PA over 6 months, the intervention doubled the increase in MVPA min/wk relative to the control group, which is associated with important health benefits. Future research should examine moderators of effects to identify for whom, and under what conditions, the effectiveness varied.
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Bouchard HC, Sun D, Dennis EL, Newsome MR, Disner SG, Elman J, Silva A, Velez C, Irimia A, Davenport ND, Sponheim SR, Franz CE, Kremen WS, Coleman MJ, Williams MW, Geuze E, Koerte IK, Shenton ME, Adamson MM, Coimbra R, Grant G, Shutter L, George MS, Zafonte RD, McAllister TW, Stein MB, Thompson PM, Wilde EA, Tate DF, Sotiras A, Morey RA. Age-dependent white matter disruptions after military traumatic brain injury: Multivariate analysis results from ENIGMA brain injury. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2653-2667. [PMID: 35289463 PMCID: PMC9057089 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mild Traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a signature wound in military personnel, and repetitive mTBI has been linked to age-related neurogenerative disorders that affect white matter (WM) in the brain. However, findings of injury to specific WM tracts have been variable and inconsistent. This may be due to the heterogeneity of mechanisms, etiology, and comorbid disorders related to mTBI. Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a data-driven approach that detects covarying patterns (components) within high-dimensional data. We applied NMF to diffusion imaging data from military Veterans with and without a self-reported TBI history. NMF identified 12 independent components derived from fractional anisotropy (FA) in a large dataset (n = 1,475) gathered through the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Military Brain Injury working group. Regressions were used to examine TBI- and mTBI-related associations in NMF-derived components while adjusting for age, sex, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and data acquisition site/scanner. We found significantly stronger age-dependent effects of lower FA in Veterans with TBI than Veterans without in four components (q < 0.05), which are spatially unconstrained by traditionally defined WM tracts. One component, occupying the most peripheral location, exhibited significantly stronger age-dependent differences in Veterans with mTBI. We found NMF to be powerful and effective in detecting covarying patterns of FA associated with mTBI by applying standard parametric regression modeling. Our results highlight patterns of WM alteration that are differentially affected by TBI and mTBI in younger compared to older military Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C. Bouchard
- Duke‐UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Mid‐Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical CenterDurham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Center for Brain, Biology & BehaviorUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Delin Sun
- Duke‐UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Mid‐Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical CenterDurham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Emily L. Dennis
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Mary R. Newsome
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Seth G. Disner
- Minneapolis VA Health Care SystemMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Jeremy Elman
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of AgingUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Annelise Silva
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging LaboratoryBrigham & Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Carmen Velez
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Leonard Davis School of GerontologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicholas D. Davenport
- Minneapolis VA Health Care SystemMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Scott R. Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care SystemMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Carol E. Franz
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of AgingUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - William S. Kremen
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of AgingUniversity of California, San DiegoSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental HealthVA San Diego Healthcare SystemSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael J. Coleman
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging LaboratoryBrigham & Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - M. Wright Williams
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUSA
| | - Elbert Geuze
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity Medical CenterUtrechtNetherlands
- Brain Research & Innovation CentreMinistry of DefenceUtrechtNetherlands
| | - Inga K. Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging LaboratoryBrigham & Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Martha E. Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging LaboratoryBrigham & Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Maheen M. Adamson
- Rehabilitation ServiceVA Palo AltoPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
- NeurosurgeryStanford School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Raul Coimbra
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gerald Grant
- Department of NeurosurgeryStanford University Medical CenterPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lori Shutter
- Department of Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Mark S. George
- Department of PsychiatryMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ross D. Zafonte
- Spaulding Rehabilitation HospitalMassachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Murray B. Stein
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity ScienceUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics InstituteKeck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and OphthalmologyUniversity of Southern California (USC), Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PediatricsUSCLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of PsychiatryUSCLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of RadiologyUSCLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of EngineeringUSCLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of OphthalmologyUSCLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Informatics, School of MedicineWashington University St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical CenterHoustonTexasUSA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - David F. Tate
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Aristeidis Sotiras
- Department of Radiology and Institute for Informatics, School of MedicineWashington University St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Rajendra A. Morey
- Duke‐UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
- Mid‐Atlantic Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical CenterDurham VA Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
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Merkley TL, Esopenko C, Zizak VS, Bilder RM, Strutt AM, Tate DF, Irimia A. Challenges and opportunities for harmonization of cross-cultural neuropsychological data. Neuropsychology 2022; 37:237-246. [PMID: 35549387 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this position article, we highlight the importance of considering cultural and linguistic variables that influence neuropsychological test performance and the possible moderating impact on our understanding of brain/behavior relationships. Increasingly, neuropsychologists are realizing that cultural and language differences between countries, regions, and ethnic groups influence neuropsychological outcomes, as test scores may not have the same interpretative meaning across cultures. Furthermore, attempts to apply the same norms across diverse populations without accounting for culture and language variations will result in detrimental ethical dilemmas, such as misdiagnosis of clinical conditions and inaccurate interpretations of research outcomes. Given the lack of normative data for ethnically and linguistically diverse communities, it is often challenging to merge data across diverse populations to investigate research questions of global significance. Methodological Considerations: We highlight some of the inherent challenges, limitations, and opportunities for efforts to harmonize cross-cultural neuropsychological data. We also explore some of the cultural factors that should be considered when attempting to harmonize cross-cultural neuropsychological data, sources of variance that should be accounted for in data analyses, and the need to identify evaluative criteria for interpreting data outcomes of cross-cultural harmonization approaches. CONCLUSION In the future, it will be important to further solidify principles for aggregating data across diverse cultural and linguistic cohorts, validate whether assumptions are being satisfied regarding the relationship between neuropsychological measures and the brain and/or behavior of individuals from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds, as well as methods for evaluating relative successful validation for data harmonization efforts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Gugger JJ, Kennedy E, Panahi S, Tate DF, Roghani A, Van Cott AC, Lopez MR, Altalib H, Diaz-Arrastia R, Pugh MJ. Multimodal Quality of Life Assessment in Post-9/11 Veterans With Epilepsy: Impact of Drug Resistance, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Comorbidity. Neurology 2022; 98:e1761-e1770. [PMID: 35387856 PMCID: PMC9071370 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Epilepsy is defined by the occurrence of multiple unprovoked seizures, but quality of life (QOL) in people with epilepsy is determined by multiple factors, in which psychiatric comorbidities play a pivotal role. Therefore, understanding the interplay between comorbidities and QOL across epilepsy phenotypes is an important step towards improved outcomes. Here, we report the impact of QOL across distinct epilepsy phenotypes in a cohort of post-9/11 veterans with high rates of traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS This observational cohort study from the Veterans Health Administration included post-9/11 Veterans with epilepsy. A process integrating an epilepsy identification algorithm, chart abstraction, and self-reported measures was used to classify patients into one of four groups: 1. Epilepsy controlled with medications, 2. Drug resistant epilepsy (DRE), 3. Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), or 4. Drug resistant post-traumatic epilepsy (PT-DRE). Summary scores for six QOL measures were compared across the groups, adjusting for age, sex, and number of comorbidities. RESULTS A total of 529 survey respondents with epilepsy were included in the analysis: 249 controls (i.e., epilepsy without DRE or PTE), 124 with DRE, 86 with PTE, and 70 with PT-DRE. Drug resistant epilepsy was more common in those with PTE compared with non-traumatic epilepsy (45% vs. 33%, odds ratio 1.6 (95% CI: [1.1-2.4], p=0.01)). Patients with PTE and PT-DRE had significantly more comorbid conditions in health records than those with nontraumatic epilepsy. Those with both PTE and DRE reported the lowest QOL across all six measures, and this persisted after adjustment for comorbidities, and in further linear analyses. DISCUSSION Among those with PTE, DRE prevalence was significantly higher than for non-traumatic epilepsies. PTE was also associated with higher burden of comorbidity, and worse overall QOL compared to those with non-traumatic epilepsies. People with PTE are distinctly vulnerable to the comorbidities associated with TBI and epilepsy. This at-risk group should be the focus of future studies aimed at elucidating the factors associated with adverse health outcomes and developing anti-epileptogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Gugger
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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Ramage AE, Ray KL, Franz HM, Tate DF, Lewis JD, Robin DA. Cingulo-Opercular and Frontoparietal Network Control of Effort and Fatigue in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:788091. [PMID: 35221951 PMCID: PMC8866657 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.788091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural substrates of fatigue in traumatic brain injury (TBI) are not well understood despite the considerable burden of fatigue on return to productivity. Fatigue is associated with diminishing performance under conditions of high cognitive demand, sense of effort, or need for motivation, all of which are associated with cognitive control brain network integrity. We hypothesize that the pathophysiology of TBI results in damage to diffuse cognitive control networks, disrupting coordination of moment-to-moment monitoring, prediction, and regulation of behavior. We investigate the cingulo-opercular (CO) and frontoparietal (FP) networks, which are engaged to sustain attention for task and maintain performance. A total of 61 individuals with mild TBI and 42 orthopedic control subjects participated in functional MRI during performance of a constant effort task requiring altering the amount of effort (25, 50, or 75% of maximum effort) utilized to manually squeeze a pneumostatic bulb across six 30-s trials. Network-based statistics assessed within-network organization and fluctuation with task manipulations by group. Results demonstrate small group differences in network organization, but considerable group differences in the evolution of task-related modulation of connectivity. The mild TBI group demonstrated elevated CO connectivity throughout the task with little variation in effort level or time on task (TOT), while CO connectivity diminished over time in controls. Several interregional CO connections were predictive of fatigue in the TBI group. In contrast, FP connectivity fluctuated with task manipulations and predicted fatigue in the controls, but connectivity fluctuations were delayed in the mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) group and did not relate to fatigue. Thus, the mTBI group's hyper-connectivity of the CO irrespective of task demands, along with hypo-connectivity and delayed peak connectivity of the FP, may allow for attainment of task goals, but also contributes to fatigue. Findings are discussed in relation to performance monitoring of prediction error that relies on internal cues from sensorimotor feedback during task performance. Delay or inability to detect and respond to prediction errors in TBI, particularly evident in bilateral insula-temporal CO connectivity, corresponds to day-to-day fatigue and fatigue during task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Ramage
- Interdisciplinary Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders and Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Kimberly L. Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Hannah M. Franz
- Interdisciplinary Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders and Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - David F. Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Lewis
- Mental Health Clinic, Wright Patterson Medical Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Donald A. Robin
- Interdisciplinary Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders and Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
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Kennedy E, Panahi S, Stewart IJ, Tate DF, Wilde EA, Kenney K, Werner JK, Gill J, Diaz-Arrastia R, Amuan M, Van Cott AC, Pugh MJ. Traumatic Brain Injury and Early Onset Dementia in Post 9-11 Veterans. Brain Inj 2022; 36:620-627. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2033846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eamonn Kennedy
- Va Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Samin Panahi
- Va Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ian J. Stewart
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David F. Tate
- Va Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Va Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - J. Kent Werner
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- John Hopkins, School of Nursing and Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Megan Amuan
- Va Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anne C. Van Cott
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- VA Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary Jo Pugh
- Va Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Dennis EL, Taylor BA, Newsome MR, Troyanskaya M, Abildskov TJ, Betts AM, Bigler ED, Cole J, Davenport N, Duncan T, Gill J, Guedes V, Hinds SR, Hovenden ES, Kenney K, Pugh MJ, Scheibel RS, Shahim PP, Shih R, Walker WC, Werner JK, York GE, Cifu DX, Tate DF, Wilde EA. Advanced brain age in deployment-related traumatic brain injury: A LIMBIC-CENC neuroimaging study. Brain Inj 2022; 36:662-672. [PMID: 35125044 PMCID: PMC9187589 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2033844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is associated with advanced or accelerated brain aging among the United States (US) military Service Members and Veterans. METHODS Eight hundred and twenty-two participants (mean age = 40.4 years, 714 male/108 female) underwent MRI sessions at eight sites across the US. Two hundred and one participants completed a follow-up scan between five months and four years later. Predicted brain ages were calculated using T1-weighted MRIs and then compared with chronological ages to generate an Age Deviation Score for cross-sectional analyses and an Interval Deviation Score for longitudinal analyses. Participants also completed a neuropsychological battery, including measures of both cognitive functioning and psychological health. RESULT In cross-sectional analyses, males with a history of deployment-related mTBI showed advanced brain age compared to those without (t(884) = 2.1, p = .038), while this association was not significant in females. In follow-up analyses of the male participants, severity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression symptoms, and alcohol misuse were also associated with advanced brain age. CONCLUSION History of deployment-related mTBI, severity of PTSD and depression symptoms, and alcohol misuse are associated with advanced brain aging in male US military Service Members and Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Dennis
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Brian A Taylor
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Mary R Newsome
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, USA
- H. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Maya Troyanskaya
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, USA
- H. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Tracy J Abildskov
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Aaron M Betts
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, USA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, USA
| | - James Cole
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Davenport
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | - Jessica Gill
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine (CNRM), UniFormed Services University, Bethesda, USA
| | - Vivian Guedes
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, Bethesda, USA
| | - Sidney R Hinds
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Hovenden
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, USA
| | - Mary Jo Pugh
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
- Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, VA Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Randall S Scheibel
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, USA
- H. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
| | - Pashtun-Poh Shahim
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Robert Shih
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, USA
| | - William C Walker
- Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
| | - J. Kent Werner
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, USA
| | | | - David X Cifu
- Rehabilitation Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, USA
- H. Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA
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Dennis EL, Baron D, Bartnik‐Olson B, Caeyenberghs K, Esopenko C, Hillary FG, Kenney K, Koerte IK, Lin AP, Mayer AR, Mondello S, Olsen A, Thompson PM, Tate DF, Wilde EA. ENIGMA brain injury: Framework, challenges, and opportunities. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:149-166. [PMID: 32476212 PMCID: PMC8675432 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability worldwide, but the heterogeneous nature of TBI with respect to injury severity and health comorbidities make patient outcome difficult to predict. Injury severity accounts for only some of this variance, and a wide range of preinjury, injury-related, and postinjury factors may influence outcome, such as sex, socioeconomic status, injury mechanism, and social support. Neuroimaging research in this area has generally been limited by insufficient sample sizes. Additionally, development of reliable biomarkers of mild TBI or repeated subconcussive impacts has been slow, likely due, in part, to subtle effects of injury and the aforementioned variability. The ENIGMA Consortium has established a framework for global collaboration that has resulted in the largest-ever neuroimaging studies of multiple psychiatric and neurological disorders. Here we describe the organization, recent progress, and future goals of the Brain Injury working group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Dennis
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Imaging Genetics CenterStevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
| | - David Baron
- Western University of Health SciencesPomonaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brenda Bartnik‐Olson
- Department of RadiologyLoma Linda University Medical CenterLoma LindaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement SciencesRutgers Biomedical Health SciencesNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Frank G. Hillary
- Department of PsychologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
- Social Life and Engineering Sciences Imaging CenterUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of NeurologyUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMarylandUSA
- National Intrepid Center of ExcellenceWalter Reed National Military Medical CenterBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Inga K. Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging LaboratoryBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyLudwig‐Maximilians‐UniversitätMunichGermany
| | - Alexander P. Lin
- Center for Clinical SpectroscopyBrigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Andrew R. Mayer
- Mind Research NetworkAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
- Department of Neurology and PsychiatryUniversity of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional ImagingUniversity of MessinaMessinaItaly
| | - Alexander Olsen
- Department of PsychologyNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationSt. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University HospitalTrondheimNorway
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics CenterStevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USCMarina del ReyCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and OphthalmologyUniversity of Southern California (USC)Los AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - David F. Tate
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Elisabeth A. Wilde
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical CenterSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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Kochunov P, Hong LE, Dennis EL, Morey RA, Tate DF, Wilde EA, Logue M, Kelly S, Donohoe G, Favre P, Houenou J, Ching CRK, Holleran L, Andreassen OA, van Velzen LS, Schmaal L, Villalón-Reina JE, Bearden CE, Piras F, Spalletta G, van den Heuvel OA, Veltman DJ, Stein DJ, Ryan MC, Tan Y, van Erp TGM, Turner JA, Haddad L, Nir TM, Glahn DC, Thompson PM, Jahanshad N. ENIGMA-DTI: Translating reproducible white matter deficits into personalized vulnerability metrics in cross-diagnostic psychiatric research. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:194-206. [PMID: 32301246 PMCID: PMC8675425 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The ENIGMA-DTI (diffusion tensor imaging) workgroup supports analyses that examine the effects of psychiatric, neurological, and developmental disorders on the white matter pathways of the human brain, as well as the effects of normal variation and its genetic associations. The seven ENIGMA disorder-oriented working groups used the ENIGMA-DTI workflow to derive patterns of deficits using coherent and coordinated analyses that model the disease effects across cohorts worldwide. This yielded the largest studies detailing patterns of white matter deficits in schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD), bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and 22q11 deletion syndrome. These deficit patterns are informative of the underlying neurobiology and reproducible in independent cohorts. We reviewed these findings, demonstrated their reproducibility in independent cohorts, and compared the deficit patterns across illnesses. We discussed translating ENIGMA-defined deficit patterns on the level of individual subjects using a metric called the regional vulnerability index (RVI), a correlation of an individual's brain metrics with the expected pattern for a disorder. We discussed the similarity in white matter deficit patterns among SSD, BD, MDD, and OCD and provided a rationale for using this index in cross-diagnostic neuropsychiatric research. We also discussed the difference in deficit patterns between idiopathic schizophrenia and 22q11 deletion syndrome, which is used as a developmental and genetic model of schizophrenia. Together, these findings highlight the importance of collaborative large-scale research to provide robust and reproducible effects that offer insights into individual vulnerability and cross-diagnosis features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L Elliot Hong
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mark Logue
- VA Boston Healthcare System, National Center for PTSD, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Biomedical Genetics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Pauline Favre
- Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INSERM Unit U955, team "Translational Neuro-Psychiatry", Créteil, France
| | - Josselin Houenou
- Neurospin, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- INSERM Unit U955, team "Translational Neuro-Psychiatry", Créteil, France
- Psychiatry Department, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), CHU Mondor, Créteil, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Laurena Holleran
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura S van Velzen
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
| | - Julio E Villalón-Reina
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Meghann C Ryan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Liz Haddad
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Talia M Nir
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, USC Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, California, USA
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Davey DK, Jurick SM, Crocker LD, Hoffman SN, Sanderson-Cimino M, Tate DF, Velez CS, Delano-Wood L, Jak AJ. White matter integrity, suicidal ideation, and cognitive dysfunction in combat-exposed Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 317:111389. [PMID: 34563989 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
White matter alterations in frontolimbic circuits and poorer cognitive functioning have been observed in individuals endorsing suicidality across numerous psychiatric conditions. However, relationships between white matter integrity, cognition, and suicidality in Veterans are poorly understood, particularly for those at increased risk for suicide due to mental health conditions (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, depression) and traumatic brain injury history. We (1) examined white matter alterations in combat-exposed Iraq/Afghanistan Veterans with and without suicidal ideation (SI) and (2) investigated relationships between white matter integrity and neuropsychological functioning in regions that differed between SI groups. No group differences were found regarding psychiatric diagnoses. Participants with SI had lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the posterior corona radiata, superior corona radiata, and superior longitudinal fasciculus relative to those without SI. Worse processing speed/attention performance was associated with lower FA in the superior longitudinal fasciculus, while worse executive functioning performance was associated with lower FA in the superior corona radiata and superior longitudinal fasciculus. Memory performance was not associated with FA. These findings suggest that white matter integrity may be involved in cognitive dysfunction and increased risk for SI. Interventions that target cognitive dysfunction may ameliorate SI, and in turn, reduce risk for suicide among Veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney K Davey
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Sarah M Jurick
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States; Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Laura D Crocker
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Samantha N Hoffman
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mark Sanderson-Cimino
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Carmen S Velez
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Lisa Delano-Wood
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States; Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Amy J Jak
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States; Psychology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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Lewis JD, Knutson KM, Gotts SJ, Tierney M, Ramage A, Tate DF, Clauw D, Williams DA, Robin DA, Wassermann EM. Resting-State Correlations of Fatigue Following Military Deployment. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 33:337-341. [PMID: 34392692 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Persistent fatigue is common among military servicemembers returning from deployment, especially those with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The purpose of this study was to characterize fatigue following deployment using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI), a multidimensional self-report instrument. The study was developed to test the hypothesis that if fatigue involves disrupted effort/reward processing, this should manifest as altered basal ganglia functional connectivity as observed in other amotivational states. METHODS Twenty-eight current and former servicemembers were recruited and completed the MFI. All 28 participants had a history of at least one mTBI during deployment. Twenty-six participants underwent resting-state functional MRI. To test the hypothesis that fatigue was associated with basal ganglia functional connectivity, the investigators measured correlations between MFI subscale scores and the functional connectivity of the left and right caudate, the putamen, and the globus pallidus with the rest of the brain, adjusting for the presence of depression. RESULTS The investigators found a significant correlation between functional connectivity of the left putamen and bilateral superior frontal gyri and mental fatigue scores. No correlations with the other MFI subscales survived multiple comparisons correction. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study suggests that mental fatigue in military servicemembers with a history of deployment with at least one mTBI may be related to increased striatal-prefrontal functional connectivity, independent of depression. A finding of effort/reward mismatch may guide future treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Lewis
- Mental Health Clinic, Wright Patterson Medical Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio (Lewis); Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Md. (Knutson, Tierney, Wassermann); National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. (Gotts); Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham (Ramage, Robin); Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Tate); and Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Clauw, Williams)
| | - Kristine M Knutson
- Mental Health Clinic, Wright Patterson Medical Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio (Lewis); Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Md. (Knutson, Tierney, Wassermann); National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. (Gotts); Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham (Ramage, Robin); Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Tate); and Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Clauw, Williams)
| | - Stephen J Gotts
- Mental Health Clinic, Wright Patterson Medical Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio (Lewis); Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Md. (Knutson, Tierney, Wassermann); National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. (Gotts); Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham (Ramage, Robin); Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Tate); and Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Clauw, Williams)
| | - Michael Tierney
- Mental Health Clinic, Wright Patterson Medical Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio (Lewis); Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Md. (Knutson, Tierney, Wassermann); National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. (Gotts); Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham (Ramage, Robin); Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Tate); and Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Clauw, Williams)
| | - Amy Ramage
- Mental Health Clinic, Wright Patterson Medical Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio (Lewis); Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Md. (Knutson, Tierney, Wassermann); National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. (Gotts); Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham (Ramage, Robin); Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Tate); and Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Clauw, Williams)
| | - David F Tate
- Mental Health Clinic, Wright Patterson Medical Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio (Lewis); Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Md. (Knutson, Tierney, Wassermann); National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. (Gotts); Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham (Ramage, Robin); Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Tate); and Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Clauw, Williams)
| | - Daniel Clauw
- Mental Health Clinic, Wright Patterson Medical Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio (Lewis); Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Md. (Knutson, Tierney, Wassermann); National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. (Gotts); Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham (Ramage, Robin); Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Tate); and Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Clauw, Williams)
| | - David A Williams
- Mental Health Clinic, Wright Patterson Medical Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio (Lewis); Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Md. (Knutson, Tierney, Wassermann); National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. (Gotts); Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham (Ramage, Robin); Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Tate); and Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Clauw, Williams)
| | - Donald A Robin
- Mental Health Clinic, Wright Patterson Medical Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio (Lewis); Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Md. (Knutson, Tierney, Wassermann); National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. (Gotts); Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham (Ramage, Robin); Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Tate); and Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Clauw, Williams)
| | - Eric M Wassermann
- Mental Health Clinic, Wright Patterson Medical Center, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio (Lewis); Behavioral Neurology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Md. (Knutson, Tierney, Wassermann); National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md. (Gotts); Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of New Hampshire, Durham (Ramage, Robin); Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (Tate); and Chronic Pain and Fatigue Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (Clauw, Williams)
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33
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de Souza NL, Buckman JF, Dennis EL, Parrott JS, Velez C, Wilde EA, Tate DF, Esopenko C. Association between white matter organization and cognitive performance in athletes with a history of sport-related concussion. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:704-715. [PMID: 34779351 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.1991893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Impairments in cognitive performance after sport-related concussion (SRC) typically resolve within weeks of the injury, whereas alterations to white matter (WM) organization have been found to persist longer into the chronic injury stage. However, longer-term associations between cognition and WM organization following SRC have not been studied. The objective of this study was to compare WM organization and cognitive performance in collegiate athletes an average of almost 4 years post-SRC to athletes with no history of SRC. METHOD National Collegiate Athletic Association Division III athletes (n = 71, age = 19.3 ± 1.2; 14 with self-reported SRC) completed a neurocognitive assessment and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). WM organization was assessed by extracting measures of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) from 20 WM regions of interest (ROIs). Multivariate partial least squares analyses were used to compare athletes with and without a history of SRC and assess relationships between DTI-derived metrics of WM organization and cognitive measures. RESULTS Cognitive performance and ROI metrics did not differ between athletes with and without prior SRC. However, among athletes with a history of SRC, better executive function, processing speed, and memory but worse choice reaction time were associated with higher FA and lower MD and RD in several WM tracts. CONCLUSION Athletes with a history of SRC demonstrated greater associations between cognitive performance and WM organization, but also variability in the domains showing associations. Taken together, the findings demonstrate the importance of examining brain-behavior relationships several years after SRC to better gauge how WM organization supports cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L de Souza
- School of Graduate Studies, Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jennifer F Buckman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University - New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Carmen Velez
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation & Movement Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
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34
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Dennis EL, Disner SG, Fani N, Salminen LE, Logue M, Clarke EK, Haswell CC, Averill CL, Baugh LA, Bomyea J, Bruce SE, Cha J, Choi K, Davenport ND, Densmore M, du Plessis S, Forster GL, Frijling JL, Gonenc A, Gruber S, Grupe DW, Guenette JP, Hayes J, Hofmann D, Ipser J, Jovanovic T, Kelly S, Kennis M, Kinzel P, Koch SBJ, Koerte I, Koopowitz S, Korgaonkar M, Krystal J, Lebois LAM, Li G, Magnotta VA, Manthey A, May GJ, Menefee DS, Nawijn L, Nelson SM, Neufeld RWJ, Nitschke JB, O'Doherty D, Peverill M, Ressler KJ, Roos A, Sheridan MA, Sierk A, Simmons A, Simons RM, Simons JS, Stevens J, Suarez-Jimenez B, Sullivan DR, Théberge J, Tran JK, van den Heuvel L, van der Werff SJA, van Rooij SJH, van Zuiden M, Velez C, Verfaellie M, Vermeiren RRJM, Wade BSC, Wager T, Walter H, Winternitz S, Wolff J, York G, Zhu Y, Zhu X, Abdallah CG, Bryant R, Daniels JK, Davidson RJ, Fercho KA, Franz C, Geuze E, Gordon EM, Kaufman ML, Kremen WS, Lagopoulos J, Lanius RA, Lyons MJ, McCauley SR, McGlinchey R, McLaughlin KA, Milberg W, Neria Y, Olff M, Seedat S, Shenton M, Sponheim SR, Stein DJ, Stein MB, Straube T, Tate DF, van der Wee NJA, Veltman DJ, Wang L, Wilde EA, Thompson PM, Kochunov P, Jahanshad N, Morey RA. Altered white matter microstructural organization in posttraumatic stress disorder across 3047 adults: results from the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4315-4330. [PMID: 31857689 PMCID: PMC7302988 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have examined alterations in white matter organization in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using diffusion MRI (dMRI), but the results have been mixed which may be partially due to relatively small sample sizes among studies. Altered structural connectivity may be both a neurobiological vulnerability for, and a result of, PTSD. In an effort to find reliable effects, we present a multi-cohort analysis of dMRI metrics across 3047 individuals from 28 cohorts currently participating in the PGC-ENIGMA PTSD working group (a joint partnership between the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis consortium). Comparing regional white matter metrics across the full brain in 1426 individuals with PTSD and 1621 controls (2174 males/873 females) between ages 18-83, 92% of whom were trauma-exposed, we report associations between PTSD and disrupted white matter organization measured by lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in the tapetum region of the corpus callosum (Cohen's d = -0.11, p = 0.0055). The tapetum connects the left and right hippocampus, for which structure and function have been consistently implicated in PTSD. Results were consistent even after accounting for the effects of multiple potentially confounding variables: childhood trauma exposure, comorbid depression, history of traumatic brain injury, current alcohol abuse or dependence, and current use of psychotropic medications. Our results show that PTSD may be associated with alterations in the broader hippocampal network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Dennis
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Stanford Neurodevelopment, Affect, and Psychopathology Laboratory, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Seth G Disner
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Negar Fani
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lauren E Salminen
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Mark Logue
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily K Clarke
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Courtney C Haswell
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christopher L Averill
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lee A Baugh
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jessica Bomyea
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Steven E Bruce
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Center for Trauma Recovery University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kyle Choi
- Health Services Research Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas D Davenport
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Maria Densmore
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gina L Forster
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Brain Health Research Centre, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jessie L Frijling
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Atilla Gonenc
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Staci Gruber
- Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Core, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel W Grupe
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Guenette
- Division of Neuroradiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasmeet Hayes
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - David Hofmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Ipser
- SA Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mitzy Kennis
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Kinzel
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Saskia B J Koch
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inga Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sheri Koopowitz
- SA Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mayuresh Korgaonkar
- Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - John Krystal
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauren A M Lebois
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Gen Li
- Laboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Geoff J May
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Deleene S Menefee
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- South Central MIRECC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Laura Nawijn
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven M Nelson
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Richard W J Neufeld
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan, BC, Canada
| | - Jack B Nitschke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Matthew Peverill
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annerine Roos
- South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anika Sierk
- University Medical Centre Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alan Simmons
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raluca M Simons
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Simons
- Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Jennifer Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danielle R Sullivan
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Théberge
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Steven J A van der Werff
- Department of Psychiatry, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne J H van Rooij
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mirjam van Zuiden
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Velez
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health and University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mieke Verfaellie
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Memory Disorders Research Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin S C Wade
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health and University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, USA
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sherry Winternitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Women's Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Wolff
- Division of Depression and Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Gerald York
- Joint Trauma System, 3698 Chambers Pass, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA
- Alaska Radiology Associates, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Ye Zhu
- Laboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chadi G Abdallah
- Clinical Neuroscience Division, National Center for PTSD; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard Bryant
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Judith K Daniels
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard J Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kelene A Fercho
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
- Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
- Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, US Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Carol Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elbert Geuze
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Psychiatry, UMCU, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Evan M Gordon
- VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Milissa L Kaufman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Women's Mental Health, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia
| | - Ruth A Lanius
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Imaging Division, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J Lyons
- Dept. of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen R McCauley
- Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Regina McGlinchey
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Geriatric Research Educational and Clinical Center and Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - William Milberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuval Neria
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Soraya Seedat
- South African Medical Research Council / Stellenbosch University Genomics of Brain Disorders Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martha Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton Division, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Scott R Sponheim
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Murray B Stein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health and University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location VU University Medical Center, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Li Wang
- Laboratory for Traumatic Stress Studies, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- George E. Whalen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- VISN 6 MIRECC, Durham VA, Durham, NC, USA
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Ord AS, Shura RD, Curtiss G, Armistead-Jehle P, Vanderploeg RD, Bowles AO, Kennedy JE, Tate DF, Cooper DB. Number of Concussions Does Not Affect Treatment Response to Cognitive Rehabilitation Interventions Following Mild TBI in Military Service Members. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:850-856. [PMID: 33264387 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study objective was to determine whether number of concussions would affect symptom improvement following cognitive rehabilitation (CR) interventions. METHOD Service members (N = 126) with concussion history completed a 6-week randomized control trial of CR interventions. Participants were stratified based on self-reported lifetime concussion frequency. Outcome measures included the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), the Global Severity Index (GSI) from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, and the Key Behaviors Change Inventory (KBCI). RESULTS Mixed-model analyses of variance revealed a significant main effect for time on cognitive, psychological, and neurobehavioral functioning. A significant main effect for the number of concussions was observed for GSI and KBCI, but not PASAT. Interactions between the number of concussions and time were not significant for any of the outcome variables. CONCLUSIONS Over the 6-week interval, improvements were found for all participants across all outcome measures. Number of concussions did not affect improvements over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Ord
- Mid-Atlantic (VISN 6) Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salisbury VA Healthcare System, Salisbury, NC, USA.,Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Robert D Shura
- Mid-Atlantic (VISN 6) Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Salisbury VA Healthcare System, Salisbury, NC, USA.,Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Glenn Curtiss
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | | | - Amy O Bowles
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jan E Kennedy
- Department of Neurology, Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David F Tate
- TBI and Concussion Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Douglas B Cooper
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,San Antonio VA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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36
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Dennis EL, Caeyenberghs K, Hoskinson KR, Merkley TL, Suskauer SJ, Asarnow RF, Babikian T, Bartnik-Olson B, Bickart K, Bigler ED, Ewing-Cobbs L, Figaji A, Giza CC, Goodrich-Hunsaker NJ, Hodges CB, Hovenden ES, Irimia A, Königs M, Levin HS, Lindsey HM, Max JE, Newsome MR, Olsen A, Ryan NP, Schmidt AT, Spruiell MS, Wade BSC, Ware AL, Watson CG, Wheeler AL, Yeates KO, Zielinski BA, Kochunov P, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Tate DF, Wilde EA. White Matter Disruption in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Results From ENIGMA Pediatric Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurology 2021; 97:e298-e309. [PMID: 34050006 PMCID: PMC8302152 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study addressed aims (1) to test the hypothesis that moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in pediatric patients is associated with widespread white matter (WM) disruption, (2) to test the hypothesis that age and sex affect WM organization after injury, and (3) to examine associations between WM organization and neurobehavioral outcomes. METHODS Data from 10 previously enrolled, existing cohorts recruited from local hospitals and clinics were shared with the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics Through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Pediatric Moderate/Severe TBI (msTBI) working group. We conducted a coordinated analysis of diffusion MRI (dMRI) data using the ENIGMA dMRI processing pipeline. RESULTS Five hundred seven children and adolescents (244 with complicated msTBI and 263 controls) were included. Patients were clustered into 3 postinjury intervals: acute/subacute, <2 months; postacute, 2 to 6 months; and chronic, ≥6 months. Outcomes were dMRI metrics and postinjury behavioral problems as indexed by the Child Behavior Checklist. Our analyses revealed altered WM diffusion metrics across multiple tracts and all postinjury intervals (effect sizes range d = -0.5 to -1.3). Injury severity is a significant contributor to the extent of WM alterations but explained less variance in dMRI measures with increasing time after injury. We observed a sex-by-group interaction: female patients with TBI had significantly lower fractional anisotropy in the uncinate fasciculus than controls (β = 0.043), which coincided with more parent-reported behavioral problems (β = -0.0027). CONCLUSIONS WM disruption after msTBI is widespread, persistent, and influenced by demographic and clinical variables. Future work will test techniques for harmonizing neurocognitive data, enabling more advanced analyses to identify symptom clusters and clinically meaningful patient subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Dennis
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kristen R Hoskinson
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tricia L Merkley
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Stacy J Suskauer
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Robert F Asarnow
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Talin Babikian
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brenda Bartnik-Olson
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kevin Bickart
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Linda Ewing-Cobbs
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anthony Figaji
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher C Giza
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Naomi J Goodrich-Hunsaker
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Cooper B Hodges
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeth S Hovenden
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Marsh Königs
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Harvey S Levin
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hannah M Lindsey
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jeffrey E Max
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mary R Newsome
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alexander Olsen
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Nicholas P Ryan
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Adam T Schmidt
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Matthew S Spruiell
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Benjamin S C Wade
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ashley L Ware
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Christopher G Watson
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Anne L Wheeler
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Brandon A Zielinski
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David F Tate
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- From the Department of Neurology (E.L.D., T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., E.S.H., H.M.L., B.S.C.W., B.A.Z., D.F.T., E.A.W.), University of Utah School of Medicine; George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center (E.L.D., N.J.G.-H., H.M.L., D.F.T., E.A.W.), Salt Lake City, UT; Cognitive Neuroscience Unit (K.C., N.P.R.), School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Center for Biobehavioral Health (K.R.H.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (K.R.H.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Department of Psychology (T.L.M., E.D.B., N.J.G.-H., C.B.H., H.M.L.) and Neuroscience Center (T.L.M., E.D.B.), Brigham Young University, Provo, UT; Kennedy Krieger Institute (S.J.S.); Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics (S.J.S.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (R.F.A., T.B.), Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Brain Research Institute (R.F.A.), and Department of Psychology (R.F.A.), UCLA; UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program (T.B., K.B., C.C.G.), Los Angeles; Department of Radiology (B.B.-O.), Loma Linda University Medical Center; Departments of Neurology (K.B.) and Neurosurgery (C.C.G.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Pediatrics (L.E.-C., C.G.W.), Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Division of Neurosurgery (A.F.) and Neuroscience Institute (A.F.), University of Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Pediatrics (C.C.G.), Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.B.H.), Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center (A.I.), Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, and Department of Biomedical Engineering (A.I.), Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Emma Children's Hospital (M.K.), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, the Netherlands; H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (H.S.L., M.R.N., M.S.S., E.A.W.), Baylor College of Medicine; Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center (H.S.L., M.R.N.), Houston, TX; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla; Department of Psychiatry (J.E.M.), Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA; Department of Psychology (A.O.), Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (A.O.), St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Norway; Department of Clinical Sciences (N.P.R.), Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Department of Paediatrics (N.P.R.), University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Psychological Sciences (A.T.S.), Texas Tech University, Lubbock; Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center (B.S.C.W.), Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Psychology (A.L. Ware, K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta; Hospital for Sick Children (A.L. Wheeler), Neuroscience and Mental Health Program; Physiology Department (A.L. Wheeler), University of Toronto, Ontario; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute (K.O.Y.) and Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences (K.O.Y.), University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics (B.A.Z.), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center (P.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore; Imaging Genetics Center (N.J., P.M.T.), Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina Del Rey; and Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology (P.M.T.), USC, Los Angeles, CA
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Bigler ED, Skiles M, Wade BSC, Abildskov TJ, Tustison NJ, Scheibel RS, Newsome MR, Mayer AR, Stone JR, Taylor BA, Tate DF, Walker WC, Levin HS, Wilde EA. FreeSurfer 5.3 versus 6.0: are volumes comparable? A Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium study. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:1318-1327. [PMID: 30511116 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9994-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Automated neuroimaging methods like FreeSurfer ( https://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/ ) have revolutionized quantitative neuroimaging analyses. Such analyses provide a variety of metrics used for image quantification, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetrics. With the release of FreeSurfer version 6.0, it is important to assess its comparability to the widely-used previous version 5.3. The current study used data from the initial 249 participants in the ongoing Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium (CENC) multicenter observational study to compare the volumetric output of versions 5.3 and 6.0 across various regions of interest (ROI). In the current investigation, the following ROIs were examined: total intracranial volume, total white matter volume, total ventricular volume, total gray matter volume, and right and left volumes for the thalamus, pallidum, putamen, caudate, amygdala and hippocampus. Absolute ROI volumes derived from FreeSurfer 6.0 differed significantly from those obtained using version 5.3. We also employed a clinically-based evaluation strategy to compare both versions in their prediction of age-mediated volume reductions (or ventricular increase) in the aforementioned structures. Statistical comparison involved both general linear modeling (GLM) and random forest (RF) methods, where cross-validation error was significantly higher using segmentations from FreeSurfer version 5.3 versus version 6.0 (GLM: t = 4.97, df = 99, p value = 2.706e-06; RF: t = 4.85, df = 99, p value = 4.424e-06). Additionally, the relative importance of ROIs used to predict age using RFs differed between FreeSurfer versions, indicating substantial differences in the two versions. However, from the perspective of correlational analyses, fitted regression lines and their slopes were similar between the two versions, regardless of version used. While absolute volumes are not interchangeable between version 5.3 and 6.0, ROI correlational analyses appear to yield similar results, suggesting the interchangeability of ROI volume for correlational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Bigler
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA.
| | - Marc Skiles
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Benjamin S C Wade
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.,Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tracy J Abildskov
- Psychology Department and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Nick J Tustison
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Randall S Scheibel
- Michael DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary R Newsome
- Michael DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - James R Stone
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - David F Tate
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Harvey S Levin
- Michael DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Michael DeBakey VA Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Koerte IK, Esopenko C, Hinds SR, Shenton ME, Bonke EM, Bazarian JJ, Bickart KC, Bigler ED, Bouix S, Buckley TA, Choe MC, Echlin PS, Gill J, Giza CC, Hayes J, Hodges CB, Irimia A, Johnson PK, Kenney K, Levin HS, Lin AP, Lindsey HM, Lipton ML, Max JE, Mayer AR, Meier TB, Merchant-Borna K, Merkley TL, Mills BD, Newsome MR, Porfido T, Stephens JA, Tartaglia MC, Ware AL, Zafonte RD, Zeineh MM, Thompson PM, Tate DF, Dennis EL, Wilde EA, Baron D. The ENIGMA sports injury working group:- an international collaboration to further our understanding of sport-related brain injury. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:576-584. [PMID: 32720179 PMCID: PMC7855299 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00370-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sport-related brain injury is very common, and the potential long-term effects include a wide range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, and potentially neurodegeneration. Around the globe, researchers are conducting neuroimaging studies on primarily homogenous samples of athletes. However, neuroimaging studies are expensive and time consuming, and thus current findings from studies of sport-related brain injury are often limited by small sample sizes. Further, current studies apply a variety of neuroimaging techniques and analysis tools which limit comparability among studies. The ENIGMA Sports Injury working group aims to provide a platform for data sharing and collaborative data analysis thereby leveraging existing data and expertise. By harmonizing data from a large number of studies from around the globe, we will work towards reproducibility of previously published findings and towards addressing important research questions with regard to diagnosis, prognosis, and efficacy of treatment for sport-related brain injury. Moreover, the ENIGMA Sports Injury working group is committed to providing recommendations for future prospective data acquisition to enhance data quality and scientific rigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga K Koerte
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Waltherstr. 23, 80337, Munich, Germany.
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sidney R Hinds
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elena M Bonke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Waltherstr. 23, 80337, Munich, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey J Bazarian
- Departments of Emergency Medicine & Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kevin C Bickart
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Sylvain Bouix
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas A Buckley
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Biomechanics and Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Meeryo C Choe
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul S Echlin
- Elliott Sports Medicine Clinic, Burlington, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Gill
- Department of Intramural Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C Giza
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jasmeet Hayes
- Psychology Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Cooper B Hodges
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paula K Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harvey S Levin
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander P Lin
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah M Lindsey
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Michael L Lipton
- Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and The Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, The Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Montefiore Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Max
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Timothy B Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Kian Merchant-Borna
- Departments of Emergency Medicine & Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tricia L Merkley
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Brian D Mills
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mary R Newsome
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tara Porfido
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Stephens
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley L Ware
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ross D Zafonte
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Baron
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
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Esopenko C, Meyer J, Wilde EA, Marshall AD, Tate DF, Lin AP, Koerte IK, Werner KB, Dennis EL, Ware AL, de Souza NL, Menefee DS, Dams-O'Connor K, Stein DJ, Bigler ED, Shenton ME, Chiou KS, Postmus JL, Monahan K, Eagan-Johnson B, van Donkelaar P, Merkley TL, Velez C, Hodges CB, Lindsey HM, Johnson P, Irimia A, Spruiell M, Bennett ER, Bridwell A, Zieman G, Hillary FG. A global collaboration to study intimate partner violence-related head trauma: The ENIGMA consortium IPV working group. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:475-503. [PMID: 33405096 PMCID: PMC8785101 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00417-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence includes psychological aggression, physical violence, sexual violence, and stalking from a current or former intimate partner. Past research suggests that exposure to intimate partner violence can impact cognitive and psychological functioning, as well as neurological outcomes. These seem to be compounded in those who suffer a brain injury as a result of trauma to the head, neck or body due to physical and/or sexual violence. However, our understanding of the neurobehavioral and neurobiological effects of head trauma in this population is limited due to factors including difficulty in accessing/recruiting participants, heterogeneity of samples, and premorbid and comorbid factors that impact outcomes. Thus, the goal of the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium Intimate Partner Violence Working Group is to develop a global collaboration that includes researchers, clinicians, and other key community stakeholders. Participation in the working group can include collecting harmonized data, providing data for meta- and mega-analysis across sites, or stakeholder insight on key clinical research questions, promoting safety, participant recruitment and referral to support services. Further, to facilitate the mega-analysis of data across sites within the working group, we provide suggestions for behavioral surveys, cognitive tests, neuroimaging parameters, and genetics that could be used by investigators in the early stages of study design. We anticipate that the harmonization of measures across sites within the working group prior to data collection could increase the statistical power in characterizing how intimate partner violence-related head trauma impacts long-term physical, cognitive, and psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation & Movement Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA.
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, 07107, USA.
| | - Jessica Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Summa Health System, Akron, OH, 44304, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
| | - Amy D Marshall
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
| | - Alexander P Lin
- Department of Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Inga K Koerte
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly B Werner
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
| | - Ashley L Ware
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Nicola L de Souza
- School of Graduate Studies, Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | | | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, South African Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7501, South Africa
| | - Erin D Bigler
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, 63121, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Veterans Affairs, Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, 02130, USA
| | - Kathy S Chiou
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Judy L Postmus
- School of Social Work, University of Maryland, Baltimore, USA
| | - Kathleen Monahan
- School of Social Welfare, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8231, USA
| | | | - Paul van Donkelaar
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Tricia L Merkley
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carmen Velez
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
| | - Cooper B Hodges
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Hannah M Lindsey
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Paula Johnson
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84132, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, 84148, USA
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Denney Research Center Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Matthew Spruiell
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Esther R Bennett
- Rutgers University School of Social Work, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Ashley Bridwell
- Barrow Concussion and Brain Injury Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Glynnis Zieman
- Barrow Concussion and Brain Injury Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Frank G Hillary
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Social Life and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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40
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Wilde EA, Dennis EL, Tate DF. The ENIGMA Brain Injury working group: approach, challenges, and potential benefits. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:465-474. [PMID: 33506440 PMCID: PMC8035294 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00450-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium brings together researchers from around the world to try to identify the genetic underpinnings of brain structure and function, along with robust, generalizable effects of neurological and psychiatric disorders. The recently-formed ENIGMA Brain Injury working group includes 10 subgroups, based largely on injury mechanism and patient population. This introduction to the special issue summarizes the history, organization, and objectives of ENIGMA Brain Injury, and includes a discussion of strategies, challenges, opportunities and goals common across 6 of the subgroups under the umbrella of ENIGMA Brain Injury. The following articles in this special issue, including 6 articles from different subgroups, will detail the challenges and opportunities specific to each subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Wilde
- TBICC, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- TBICC, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - David F Tate
- TBICC, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
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41
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Tate DF, Dennis EL, Adams JT, Adamson MM, Belanger HG, Bigler ED, Bouchard HC, Clark AL, Delano-Wood LM, Disner SG, Eapen BC, Franz CE, Geuze E, Goodrich-Hunsaker NJ, Han K, Hayes JP, Hinds SR, Hodges CB, Hovenden ES, Irimia A, Kenney K, Koerte IK, Kremen WS, Levin HS, Lindsey HM, Morey RA, Newsome MR, Ollinger J, Pugh MJ, Scheibel RS, Shenton ME, Sullivan DR, Taylor BA, Troyanskaya M, Velez C, Wade BS, Wang X, Ware AL, Zafonte R, Thompson PM, Wilde EA. Coordinating Global Multi-Site Studies of Military-Relevant Traumatic Brain Injury: Opportunities, Challenges, and Harmonization Guidelines. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:585-613. [PMID: 33409819 PMCID: PMC8035292 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common among military personnel and the civilian population and is often followed by a heterogeneous array of clinical, cognitive, behavioral, mood, and neuroimaging changes. Unlike many neurological disorders that have a characteristic abnormal central neurologic area(s) of abnormality pathognomonic to the disorder, a sufficient head impact may cause focal, multifocal, diffuse or combination of injury to the brain. This inconsistent presentation makes it difficult to establish or validate biological and imaging markers that could help improve diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in this patient population. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe both the challenges and opportunities when conducting military-relevant TBI research and introduce the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Military Brain Injury working group. ENIGMA is a worldwide consortium focused on improving replicability and analytical power through data sharing and collaboration. In this paper, we discuss challenges affecting efforts to aggregate data in this patient group. In addition, we highlight how "big data" approaches might be used to understand better the role that each of these variables might play in the imaging and functional phenotypes of TBI in Service member and Veteran populations, and how data may be used to examine important military specific issues such as return to duty, the late effects of combat-related injury, and alteration of the natural aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John T Adams
- Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Maheen M Adamson
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center, VA Palo Alto, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Neurosurgery, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Heather G Belanger
- United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM), Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
- St Michaels Inc, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Heather C Bouchard
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra L Clark
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M Delano-Wood
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Seth G Disner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Blessen C Eapen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carol E Franz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elbert Geuze
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre, Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Naomi J Goodrich-Hunsaker
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Kihwan Han
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jasmeet P Hayes
- Psychology Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sidney R Hinds
- Department of Defense/United States Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cooper B Hodges
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Hovenden
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Inga K Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Harvey S Levin
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hannah M Lindsey
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Mary R Newsome
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Ollinger
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Jo Pugh
- Information Decision-Enhancement and Analytic Sciences Center, VA Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Randall S Scheibel
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martha E Shenton
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Brockton Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Brockton, MA, USA
| | - Danielle R Sullivan
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian A Taylor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- C. Kenneth and Dianne Wright Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Maya Troyanskaya
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carmen Velez
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Benjamin Sc Wade
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ashley L Ware
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ross Zafonte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Massachusetts General Hospital/Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Engineering, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Bartnik-Olson BL, Alger JR, Babikian T, Harris AD, Holshouser B, Kirov II, Maudsley AA, Thompson PM, Dennis EL, Tate DF, Wilde EA, Lin A. The clinical utility of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in traumatic brain injury: recommendations from the ENIGMA MRS working group. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:504-525. [PMID: 32797399 PMCID: PMC7882010 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy provides a non-invasive and quantitative measure of brain metabolites. Traumatic brain injury impacts cerebral metabolism and a number of research groups have successfully used this technique as a biomarker of injury and/or outcome in both pediatric and adult TBI populations. However, this technique is underutilized, with studies being performed primarily at centers with access to MR research support. In this paper we present a technical introduction to the acquisition and analysis of in vivo 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and review 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings in different injury populations. In addition, we propose a basic 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy data acquisition scheme (Supplemental Information) that can be added to any imaging protocol, regardless of clinical magnetic resonance platform. We outline a number of considerations for study design as a way of encouraging the use of 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the study of traumatic brain injury, as well as recommendations to improve data harmonization across groups already using this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffry R Alger
- Departments of Neurology and Radiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- NeuroSpectroScopics LLC, Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Talin Babikian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Child and Adolescent Imaging Research Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Barbara Holshouser
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ivan I Kirov
- Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew A Maudsley
- Department of Radiology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Lin
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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43
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Dennis EL, Caeyenberghs K, Asarnow RF, Babikian T, Bartnik-Olson B, Bigler ED, Figaji A, Giza CC, Goodrich-Hunsaker NJ, Hodges CB, Hoskinson KR, Königs M, Levin HS, Lindsey HM, Livny A, Max JE, Merkley TL, Newsome MR, Olsen A, Ryan NP, Spruiell MS, Suskauer SJ, Thomopoulos SI, Ware AL, Watson CG, Wheeler AL, Yeates KO, Zielinski BA, Thompson PM, Tate DF, Wilde EA. Challenges and opportunities for neuroimaging in young patients with traumatic brain injury: a coordinated effort towards advancing discovery from the ENIGMA pediatric moderate/severe TBI group. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:555-575. [PMID: 32734437 PMCID: PMC7855317 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00363-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in children in both developed and developing nations. Children and adolescents suffer from TBI at a higher rate than the general population, and specific developmental issues require a unique context since findings from adult research do not necessarily directly translate to children. Findings in pediatric cohorts tend to lag behind those in adult samples. This may be due, in part, both to the smaller number of investigators engaged in research with this population and may also be related to changes in safety laws and clinical practice that have altered length of hospital stays, treatment, and access to this population. The ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Pediatric Moderate/Severe TBI (msTBI) group aims to advance research in this area through global collaborative meta-analysis of neuroimaging data. In this paper, we discuss important challenges in pediatric TBI research and opportunities that we believe the ENIGMA Pediatric msTBI group can provide to address them. With the paucity of research studies examining neuroimaging biomarkers in pediatric patients with TBI and the challenges of recruiting large numbers of participants, collaborating to improve statistical power and to address technical challenges like lesions will significantly advance the field. We conclude with recommendations for future research in this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Dennis
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Robert F Asarnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Talin Babikian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Bartnik-Olson
- Department of Radiology, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Anthony Figaji
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christopher C Giza
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Naomi J Goodrich-Hunsaker
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Cooper B Hodges
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kristen R Hoskinson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Marsh Königs
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harvey S Levin
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hannah M Lindsey
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Abigail Livny
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Jeffrey E Max
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tricia L Merkley
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Mary R Newsome
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexander Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nicholas P Ryan
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew S Spruiell
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stacy J Suskauer
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ashley L Ware
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher G Watson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Learning Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anne L Wheeler
- Hospital for Sick Children, Neuroscience and Mental Health Program, Toronto, Canada
- Physiology Department, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brandon A Zielinski
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David F Tate
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health and University of Missouri, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- TBI and Concussion Center, Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Olsen A, Babikian T, Bigler ED, Caeyenberghs K, Conde V, Dams-O'Connor K, Dobryakova E, Genova H, Grafman J, Håberg AK, Heggland I, Hellstrøm T, Hodges CB, Irimia A, Jha RM, Johnson PK, Koliatsos VE, Levin H, Li LM, Lindsey HM, Livny A, Løvstad M, Medaglia J, Menon DK, Mondello S, Monti MM, Newcombe VFJ, Petroni A, Ponsford J, Sharp D, Spitz G, Westlye LT, Thompson PM, Dennis EL, Tate DF, Wilde EA, Hillary FG. Toward a global and reproducible science for brain imaging in neurotrauma: the ENIGMA adult moderate/severe traumatic brain injury working group. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:526-554. [PMID: 32797398 PMCID: PMC8032647 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The global burden of mortality and morbidity caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI) is significant, and the heterogeneity of TBI patients and the relatively small sample sizes of most current neuroimaging studies is a major challenge for scientific advances and clinical translation. The ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis) Adult moderate/severe TBI (AMS-TBI) working group aims to be a driving force for new discoveries in AMS-TBI by providing researchers world-wide with an effective framework and platform for large-scale cross-border collaboration and data sharing. Based on the principles of transparency, rigor, reproducibility and collaboration, we will facilitate the development and dissemination of multiscale and big data analysis pipelines for harmonized analyses in AMS-TBI using structural and functional neuroimaging in combination with non-imaging biomarkers, genetics, as well as clinical and behavioral measures. Ultimately, we will offer investigators an unprecedented opportunity to test important hypotheses about recovery and morbidity in AMS-TBI by taking advantage of our robust methods for large-scale neuroimaging data analysis. In this consensus statement we outline the working group's short-term, intermediate, and long-term goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Talin Babikian
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erin D Bigler
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Virginia Conde
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kristen Dams-O'Connor
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ekaterina Dobryakova
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Helen Genova
- Center for Traumatic Brain Injury, Kessler Foundation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Jordan Grafman
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Neurology, Department of Psychiatry & Department of Psychology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer's, Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Weinberg, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Asta K Håberg
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hopsital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Heggland
- Section for Collections and Digital Services, NTNU University Library, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torgeir Hellstrøm
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cooper B Hodges
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Andrei Irimia
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ruchira M Jha
- Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Paula K Johnson
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Vassilis E Koliatsos
- Departments of Pathology(Neuropathology), Neurology, and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neuropsychiatry Program, Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harvey Levin
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lucia M Li
- C3NL, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UK DRI Centre for Health Care and Technology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah M Lindsey
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Abigail Livny
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Joseph Sagol Neuroscience Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Marianne Løvstad
- Sunnaas Rehabilitation Hospital, Nesodden, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John Medaglia
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David K Menon
- Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Martin M Monti
- Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Injury Research Center (BIRC), UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Agustin Petroni
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Exact & Natural Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific & Technical Research Council, Institute of Research in Computer Science, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jennie Ponsford
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Epworth Rehabilitation Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Sharp
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Care Research & Technology Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Gershon Spitz
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, Radiology, Engineering, and Ophthalmology, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frank G Hillary
- Department of Neurology, Hershey Medical Center, State College, PA, USA.
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Philippi CL, Velez CS, Wade BSC, Drennon AM, Cooper DB, Kennedy JE, Bowles AO, Lewis JD, Reid MW, York GE, Newsome MR, Wilde EA, Tate DF. Distinct patterns of resting-state connectivity in U.S. service members with mild traumatic brain injury versus posttraumatic stress disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:2616-2626. [PMID: 33759113 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is highly prevalent in military populations, with many service members suffering from long-term symptoms. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often co-occurs with mTBI and predicts worse clinical outcomes. Functional neuroimaging research suggests there are both overlapping and distinct patterns of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in mTBI versus PTSD. However, few studies have directly compared rsFC of cortical networks in military service members with these two conditions. In the present study, U.S. service members (n = 137; ages 19-59; 120 male) underwent resting-state fMRI scans. Participants were divided into three study groups: mTBI only, PTSD only, and orthopedically injured (OI) controls. Analyses investigated group differences in rsFC for cortical networks: default mode (DMN), frontoparietal (FPN), salience, somatosensory, motor, auditory, and visual. Analyses were family-wise error (FWE) cluster-corrected and Bonferroni-corrected for number of network seeds regions at the whole brain level (pFWE < 0.002). Both mTBI and PTSD groups had reduced rsFC for DMN and FPN regions compared with OI controls. These group differences were largely driven by diminished connectivity in the PTSD group. rsFC with the middle frontal gyrus of the FPN was increased in mTBI, but decreased in PTSD. Overall, these results suggest that PTSD symptoms may have a more consistent signal than mTBI. Our novel findings of opposite patterns of connectivity with lateral prefrontal cortex highlight a potential biomarker that could be used to differentiate between these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carissa L Philippi
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Carmen S Velez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.,University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Benjamin S C Wade
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ann Marie Drennon
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center at the San Antonio VA Polytrauma Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Douglas B Cooper
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center at the San Antonio VA Polytrauma Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jan E Kennedy
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center at the San Antonio VA Polytrauma Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Amy O Bowles
- Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Uniformed Services University of Health Science, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lewis
- Brooke Army Medical Center, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Uniformed Services University of Health Science, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew W Reid
- Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center at the San Antonio VA Polytrauma Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Mary R Newsome
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.,H. Ben Taub Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Bouldin ED, Swan AA, Norman RS, Tate DF, Tumminello C, Amuan ME, Eapen BC, Wang CP, Trevino A, Pugh MJ. Health Phenotypes and Neurobehavioral Symptom Severity Among Post-9/11 Veterans With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Study. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2021; 36:10-19. [PMID: 32472834 PMCID: PMC10649312 DOI: 10.1097/htr.0000000000000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether neurobehavioral symptoms differ between groups of veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) classified by health characteristics. PARTICIPANTS A total of 71 934 post-9/11 veterans with mTBI from the Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Epidemiology warfighter cohort. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of retrospective cohort. MAIN MEASURES Health phenotypes identified using latent class analysis of health and function over 5 years. Symptom severity measured using Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory; domains included vestibular, somatic, cognitive, and affective. RESULTS Veterans classified as moderately healthy had the lowest symptom burden while the polytrauma phenotype group had the highest. After accounting for sociodemographic and injury characteristics, polytrauma phenotype veterans had about 3 times the odds of reporting severe symptoms in each domain compared with moderately healthy veterans. Those veterans who were initially moderately healthy but whose health declined over time had about twice the odds of severe symptoms as consistently healthier Veterans. The strongest associations were in the affective domain. Compared with the moderately healthy group, veterans in other phenotypes were more likely to report symptoms substantially interfered with their daily lives (odds ratio range: 1.3-2.8). CONCLUSION Symptom severity and interference varied by phenotype, including between veterans with stable and declining health. Ameliorating severe symptoms, particularly in the affective domain, could improve health trajectories following mTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin D Bouldin
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina (Dr Bouldin); Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio (Dr Swan); Speech-Language Pathology Program, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (Dr Norman); George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (Dr Tate); Departments of Neurology (Dr Tate) and Internal Medicine (Dr Pugh), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City; Lees-McRae College, Banner Elk, North Carolina (Ms Tumminello); VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Informatics, Decision-Enhancement, and Analytic Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (Mss Amuan and Trevino and Dr Pugh); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California (Dr Eapen); and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (Dr Wang)
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47
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Fong AK, Allen MD, Waltzman D, Sarmiento K, Yeates KO, Suskauer S, Wintermark M, Lindberg DM, Tate DF, Wilde EA, Loewen JL. Neuroimaging in Pediatric Patients with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Relating the Current 2018 Centers for Disease Control Guideline and the Potential of Advanced Neuroimaging Modalities for Research and Clinical Biomarker Development. J Neurotrauma 2020; 38:44-52. [PMID: 32640874 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s 2018 Guideline for current practices in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI; also referred to as concussion herein) systematically identified the best up-to-date practices based on current evidence and, specifically, identified recommended practices regarding computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and skull radiograph imaging. In this article, we discuss types of neuroimaging not discussed in the guideline in terms of their safety for pediatric populations, their potential application, and the research investigating the future use of certain modalities to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of mTBI in children. The role of neuroimaging in pediatric mTBI cases should be considered for the potential contribution to children's neural and social development, in addition to the immediate clinical value (as in the case of acute structural findings). Selective use of specific neuroimaging modalities in research has already been shown to detect aspects of diffuse brain injury, disrupted cerebral blood flow, and correlate physiological factors with persistent symptoms, such as fatigue, cognitive decline, headache, and mood changes, following mTBI. However, these advanced neuroimaging modalities are currently limited to the research arena, and any future clinical application of advanced imaging modalities in pediatric mTBI will require robust evidence for each modality's ability to provide measurement of the subtle conditions of brain development, disease, damage, or degeneration, while accounting for variables at both non-injury and time-post-injury epochs. Continued collaboration and communication between researchers and healthcare providers is essential to investigate, develop, and validate the potential of advanced imaging modalities in pediatric mTBI diagnostics and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dana Waltzman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Division of Injury Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelly Sarmiento
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC), Division of Injury Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Max Wintermark
- Department of Neuroradiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Daniel M Lindberg
- Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - David F Tate
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wilde
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Nezami BT, Lytle LA, Ward DS, Ennett ST, Tate DF. Effect of the Smart Moms intervention on targeted mediators of change in child sugar-sweetened beverage intake. Public Health 2020; 182:193-198. [PMID: 32375100 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few parent-targeted interventions have examined the mechanisms of action by which the intervention changes child behavior. The purpose of this study was to test the theoretical and behavioral mediators of the Smart Moms intervention on changes in child sugar-sweetened beverage and juice (SSB/juice) consumption. STUDY DESIGN This is a secondary mediation analysis of data from a 6-month randomized controlled trial (N = 51 mother-child dyads) of a mobile phone-based program to reduce child SSB/juice intake compared with a waitlist control group. METHODS Linear mixed models compared changes in intervention targets from baseline to 3 months between treatment groups. Intervention targets that changed significantly between groups were tested in a multiple mediation model to evaluate their significance as mediators of change in child SSB/juice at 6 months. RESULTS Maternal beverage consumption but no other behavioral or theoretical intervention targets mediated the effect of the intervention on the reduction in child SSB/juice at 6 months. There were few mediators of the intervention on child SSB/juice change. CONCLUSION Greater longitudinal research is needed to understand predictors of child dietary changes to inform future intervention efforts. In addition, a greater focus on the measurement of theoretical constructs in family-based child obesity prevention research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Nezami
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 245 Rosenau Hall, CB #7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - L A Lytle
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 245 Rosenau Hall, CB #7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 302 Rosenau Hall, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - D S Ward
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 245 Rosenau Hall, CB #7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - S T Ennett
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 302 Rosenau Hall, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - D F Tate
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 245 Rosenau Hall, CB #7461, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 302 Rosenau Hall, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Thompson PM, Jahanshad N, Ching CRK, Salminen LE, Thomopoulos SI, Bright J, Baune BT, Bertolín S, Bralten J, Bruin WB, Bülow R, Chen J, Chye Y, Dannlowski U, de Kovel CGF, Donohoe G, Eyler LT, Faraone SV, Favre P, Filippi CA, Frodl T, Garijo D, Gil Y, Grabe HJ, Grasby KL, Hajek T, Han LKM, Hatton SN, Hilbert K, Ho TC, Holleran L, Homuth G, Hosten N, Houenou J, Ivanov I, Jia T, Kelly S, Klein M, Kwon JS, Laansma MA, Leerssen J, Lueken U, Nunes A, Neill JO, Opel N, Piras F, Piras F, Postema MC, Pozzi E, Shatokhina N, Soriano-Mas C, Spalletta G, Sun D, Teumer A, Tilot AK, Tozzi L, van der Merwe C, Van Someren EJW, van Wingen GA, Völzke H, Walton E, Wang L, Winkler AM, Wittfeld K, Wright MJ, Yun JY, Zhang G, Zhang-James Y, Adhikari BM, Agartz I, Aghajani M, Aleman A, Althoff RR, Altmann A, Andreassen OA, Baron DA, Bartnik-Olson BL, Marie Bas-Hoogendam J, Baskin-Sommers AR, Bearden CE, Berner LA, Boedhoe PSW, Brouwer RM, Buitelaar JK, Caeyenberghs K, Cecil CAM, Cohen RA, Cole JH, Conrod PJ, De Brito SA, de Zwarte SMC, Dennis EL, Desrivieres S, Dima D, Ehrlich S, Esopenko C, Fairchild G, Fisher SE, Fouche JP, Francks C, Frangou S, Franke B, Garavan HP, Glahn DC, Groenewold NA, Gurholt TP, Gutman BA, Hahn T, Harding IH, Hernaus D, Hibar DP, Hillary FG, Hoogman M, Hulshoff Pol HE, Jalbrzikowski M, Karkashadze GA, Klapwijk ET, Knickmeyer RC, Kochunov P, Koerte IK, Kong XZ, Liew SL, Lin AP, Logue MW, Luders E, Macciardi F, Mackey S, Mayer AR, McDonald CR, McMahon AB, Medland SE, Modinos G, Morey RA, Mueller SC, Mukherjee P, Namazova-Baranova L, Nir TM, Olsen A, Paschou P, Pine DS, Pizzagalli F, Rentería ME, Rohrer JD, Sämann PG, Schmaal L, Schumann G, Shiroishi MS, Sisodiya SM, Smit DJA, Sønderby IE, Stein DJ, Stein JL, Tahmasian M, Tate DF, Turner JA, van den Heuvel OA, van der Wee NJA, van der Werf YD, van Erp TGM, van Haren NEM, van Rooij D, van Velzen LS, Veer IM, Veltman DJ, Villalon-Reina JE, Walter H, Whelan CD, Wilde EA, Zarei M, Zelman V. ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:100. [PMID: 32198361 PMCID: PMC7083923 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA.
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Lauren E Salminen
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Joanna Bright
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Bernhard T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sara Bertolín
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem B Bruin
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Bülow
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yann Chye
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Carolien G F de Kovel
- Biometris Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gary Donohoe
- The Center for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lisa T Eyler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Pauline Favre
- INSERM Unit 955 Team 15 'Translational Psychiatry', Créteil, France
- NeuroSpin, UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Courtney A Filippi
- National Institute of Mental Health, National of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Garijo
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Yolanda Gil
- Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katrina L Grasby
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Laura K M Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Medical Center, GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sean N Hatton
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kevin Hilbert
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tiffany C Ho
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laurena Holleran
- The Center for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Hosten
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Josselin Houenou
- INSERM Unit 955 Team 15 'Translational Psychiatry', Créteil, France
- NeuroSpin, UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
- APHP, Mondor University Hospitals, School of Medicine, DMU Impact, Psychiatry Department, Créteil, France
| | - Iliyan Ivanov
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianye Jia
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jun Soo Kwon
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Max A Laansma
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Leerssen
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Lueken
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Abraham Nunes
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Joseph O' Neill
- Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nils Opel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Merel C Postema
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Pozzi
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natalia Shatokhina
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM-G17, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Health Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daqiang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Amanda K Tilot
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Leonardo Tozzi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Celia van der Merwe
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Psychiatry and Integrative Neurophysiology, VU University, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guido A van Wingen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Lei Wang
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anderson M Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health, National of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katharina Wittfeld
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Je-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Guohao Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA
| | - Yanli Zhang-James
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Bhim M Adhikari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health & Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Moji Aghajani
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Research & Innovation, GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert R Althoff
- Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Psychological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Andre Altmann
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health & Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David A Baron
- Provost and Senior Vice President, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | | | - Janna Marie Bas-Hoogendam
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura A Berner
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Premika S W Boedhoe
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel M Brouwer
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Caeyenberghs
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Clinical and Health Psychology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James H Cole
- Centre for Medical Image Computing (CMIC), Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Universite de Montreal, Centre de Recherche CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephane A De Brito
- School of Psychology and Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sonja M C de Zwarte
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emily L Dennis
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvane Desrivieres
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Danai Dima
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Social Sciences, City, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carrie Esopenko
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, School of Health Professions, Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | | | - Simon E Fisher
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Fouche
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- SU/UCT MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Clyde Francks
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hugh P Garavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Nynke A Groenewold
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tiril P Gurholt
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health & Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Boris A Gutman
- Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Kharkevich Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tim Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ian H Harding
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health & School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dennis Hernaus
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Frank G Hillary
- Department of Psychology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Social Life and Engineering Sciences Imaging Center, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hilleke E Hulshoff Pol
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - George A Karkashadze
- Research and Scientific Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health, CCH RAS, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eduard T Klapwijk
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca C Knickmeyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Inga K Koerte
- Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- CBRAIN, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiang-Zhen Kong
- Language & Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sook-Lei Liew
- Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexander P Lin
- Center for Clinical Spectroscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD at Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eileen Luders
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | | | - Carrie R McDonald
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Agnes B McMahon
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
- The Kavli Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychology, Psychiatry and Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rajendra A Morey
- Department of Psychiatry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sven C Mueller
- Experimental Clinical & Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment and Treatment, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Leyla Namazova-Baranova
- Research and Scientific Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health, CCH RAS, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Pediatrics, Russian National Research Medical University MoH RF, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Talia M Nir
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fabrizio Pizzagalli
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Miguel E Rentería
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Lianne Schmaal
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS), MRC SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charite, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark S Shiroishi
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, University College London, London, UK
- Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont St Peter, UK
| | - Dirk J A Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ida E Sønderby
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health & Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dan J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jason L Stein
- Department of Genetics & UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Masoud Tahmasian
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, I. R., Iran
| | - David F Tate
- Department of Neurology, TBI and Concussion Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Missouri Institute of Mental Health, Berkeley, MO, USA
| | - Jessica A Turner
- Psychology Department & Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand D van der Werf
- Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Neeltje E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura S van Velzen
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ilya M Veer
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Location VUmc, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julio E Villalon-Reina
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher D Whelan
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Research and Early Development, Biogen Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- VA Salt Lake City Healthcare System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mojtaba Zarei
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, I. R., Iran
| | - Vladimir Zelman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Tate DF, Wilde EA, York GE, Bigler ED. Neuroimaging in Traumatic Brain Injury Rehabilitation. Concussion 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-65384-8.00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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