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Zhang XL, Alvarez F, Whiting MJ, Qin XD, Chen ZN, Wu ZJ. Climate Change and Dispersal Ability Jointly Affects the Future Distribution of Crocodile Lizards. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202731. [PMID: 36290117 PMCID: PMC9597787 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Crocodile lizards (Shinisaurus crocodilurus) are an endangered, 'living fossil' reptile from a monophyletic family and therefore, a high priority for conservation. We constructed climatic models to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on the distribution of crocodile lizards for the period 2000 to 2100 and determined the key environmental factors that affect the dispersal of this endangered species. For the construction of climatic models, we used 985 presence-only data points and 6 predictor variables which showed excellent performance (AUC = 0.974). The three top-ranked factors predicting crocodile lizard distribution were precipitation of the wettest month (bio13, 37.1%), precipitation of the coldest quarter (bio19, 17.9%), and temperature seasonality (bio4, 14.3%). Crocodile lizards were, just as they are now, widely distributed in the north of Guangdong Province in China and Quảng Ninh Province in Vietnam at the last glacial maximum (LGM). Since the LGM, there has been an increase in suitable habitats, particularly in east-central Guangxi Province, China. Under future global warming scenarios, the potential habitat for crocodile lizards is expected to decrease significantly in the next 100 years. Under the most optimistic scenario, only 7.35% to 6.54% of suitable habitat will remain, and under the worst climatic scenario, only 8.34% to 0.86% of suitable habitat will remain. Models for no dispersal and limited dispersal showed that all crocodile lizards would lose habitat as temperatures increase. Our work contributes to an increased understanding of the current and future spatial distribution of the species, supporting practical management and conservation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Facundo Alvarez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Campus Nova Xavantina, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Nova Xavantina 78200-000, Brazil
| | - Martin J. Whiting
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Xu-Dong Qin
- Guangxi Daguishan Crocodile Lizard National Nature Reserve, Hezhou 542800, China
| | - Ze-Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-N.C.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | - Zheng-Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection, Guangxi Normal University, Ministry of Education, Guilin 541004, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
- Correspondence: (Z.-N.C.); (Z.-J.W.)
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9
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Valenti F, Porto SMC, Selvaggi R, Pecorino B. Co-digestion of by-products and agricultural residues: A bioeconomy perspective for a Mediterranean feedstock mixture. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134440. [PMID: 31655454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on applying batch and continuous co-digestion approaches to investigate the effects of a feedstock mixture (FM) constituted by ten Mediterranean feedstocks highly available in the Mediterranean area (i.e., olive pomace, olive mill wastewater, citrus pulp, poultry litter, poultry and cattle manure, whey and cereal straw) on methane production for bioenergy generation. For the same feedstock mixture (FM), two different anaerobic digestion (AD) tests were carried out to evaluate the possible inhibitory effects of some biomasses on the biological process. The first AD test showed a methane yield equal to 229 Nm3CH4/tVS (27% lower than that measured during the batch test). During the second AD test, the specific production was 272 m3CH4/tVS. Both tests showed a similar methane content of methane in the biogas, equal to about 57%. The first AD test showed an inhibition effect of the process: total conversion of the organic matter into biogas was not ended. The second batch test demonstrated that the selected FM could be viable to carry out the co-digestion and could provide a flexible solution to generate advanced biofuels in biogas plants located in the Mediterranean area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Valenti
- Building and Land Engineering Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Simona M C Porto
- Building and Land Engineering Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Roberta Selvaggi
- Agricultural Economics Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Biagio Pecorino
- Agricultural Economics Section, Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy.
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10
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Jiguet F, Burgess M, Thorup K, Conway G, Arroyo Matos JL, Barber L, Black J, Burton N, Castelló J, Clewley G, Copete JL, Czajkowski MA, Dale S, Davis T, Dombrovski V, Drew M, Elts J, Gilson V, Grzegorczyk E, Henderson I, Holdsworth M, Husbands R, Lorrilliere R, Marja R, Minkevicius S, Moussy C, Olsson P, Onrubia A, Pérez M, Piacentini J, Piha M, Pons JM, Procházka P, Raković M, Robins H, Seimola T, Selstam G, Skierczyński M, Sondell J, Thibault JC, Tøttrup AP, Walker J, Hewson C. Desert crossing strategies of migrant songbirds vary between and within species. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20248. [PMID: 31882957 PMCID: PMC6934701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56677-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year, billions of songbirds cross large ecological barriers during their migration. Understanding how they perform this incredible task is crucial to predict how global change may threaten the safety of such journeys. Earlier studies based on radar suggested that most songbirds cross deserts in intermittent flights at high altitude, stopping in the desert during the day, while recent tracking with light loggers suggested diurnal prolongation of nocturnal flights and common non-stop flights for some species. We analyzed light intensity and temperature data obtained from geolocation loggers deployed on 130 individuals of ten migratory songbird species, and show that a large variety of strategies for crossing deserts exists between, but also sometimes within species. Diurnal stopover in the desert is a common strategy in autumn, while most species prolonged some nocturnal flights into the day. Non-stop flights over the desert occurred more frequently in spring than in autumn, and more frequently in foliage gleaners. Temperature recordings suggest that songbirds crossed deserts with flight bouts performed at various altitudes according to species and season, along a gradient ranging from low above ground in autumn to probably >2000 m above ground level, and possibly at higher altitude in spring. High-altitude flights are therefore not the general rule for crossing deserts in migrant songbirds. We conclude that a diversity of migration strategies exists for desert crossing among songbirds, with variations between but also within species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Jiguet
- CESCO, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, CP135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Malcolm Burgess
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, SG19 2DL, United Kingdom
| | - Kasper Thorup
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Greg Conway
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lee Barber
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - John Black
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Niall Burton
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Castelló
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science, The Lodge, Sandy, SG19 2DL, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Clewley
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - José Luis Copete
- Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive, Lynx Edicions, Montseny 8, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Svein Dale
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, NO-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Tony Davis
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Valery Dombrovski
- Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences, Academichnaya 27, 220072, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Mike Drew
- Biodiversity & Catchment, Anglian Water Services Limited, Lancaster House, Lancaster Way, Ermine Business Park, Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire, PE29 6XU, United Kingdom
| | - Jaanus Elts
- Estonian Ornithological Society, Veski 4, 51005 Tartu, Estonia & Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise St., 51014, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vicky Gilson
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Emilienne Grzegorczyk
- CESCO, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, CP135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Ian Henderson
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Holdsworth
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Husbands
- 3 Oakhill Road, Mitcheldean, Gloucestershire, GL17 0BN, United Kingdom
| | - Romain Lorrilliere
- CESCO, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, CP135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Riho Marja
- MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Institute of ecology and Botany, "Lendület" Landscape and Conservation Ecology, Alkotmány u. 2-4, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | | | - Caroline Moussy
- CESCO, UMR7204 MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne Université, CP135, 43 Rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Peter Olsson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research (CEC), Ekologihuset, Sölvegatan 37, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Onrubia
- Migres Foundation, International Bird Migration Center (CIMA), N-340, Km 85, P.O. Box 152, 11380, Tarifa, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Marc Pérez
- Nostra Senyora de Montserrat 19, 08756, La Palma de Cervelló, Spain
| | | | - Markus Piha
- Finnish Museum of Natural History LUOMUS, P.O. Box 17 (Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jean-Marc Pons
- Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB, UMR7205), MNHN-CNRS-SU-EPHE, 57 Rue Cuvier, CP50, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Petr Procházka
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, CZ-603 65, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marko Raković
- Natural History Museum of Belgrade, Njegoševa, 51, Serbia
| | - Harriet Robins
- New buildings, Howle Hill, Ross on Wye, Herefordshire, HR9 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - Tuomas Seimola
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Natural Resources, Latokartanonkaari 9, 00790, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gunnar Selstam
- Department of Agricultural Research in Northern Sweden, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Department of Molecular Biology, University of Umeå, 901 85, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michał Skierczyński
- Department of Behavioural Ecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland, Dziczenie.pl, Gruszki, Poland
| | - Jan Sondell
- Kvismare Bird Observatory, Rulleuddsvägen 10, S-178 51, Ekerö, Sweden
| | - Jean-Claude Thibault
- Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB, UMR7205), MNHN-CNRS-SU-EPHE, 57 Rue Cuvier, CP50, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Anders P Tøttrup
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justin Walker
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Hewson
- British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Thetford, Norfolk, IP24 2PU, United Kingdom
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Khan HA, Arif IA, Williams JB, Champagne AM, Shobrak M. Skin lipids from Saudi Arabian birds. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:173-7. [PMID: 24600311 PMCID: PMC3942862 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin lipids play an important role in the regulation of cutaneous water loss (CWL). Earlier studies have shown that Saudi desert birds exhibit a tendency of reduced CWL than birds from temperate environment due to adaptive changes in composition of their skin lipids. In this study, we used thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for separation and detection of non-polar and polar lipids from the skin of six bird species including sooty gull, brown booby, house sparrow, Arabian waxbill, sand partridge, and laughing dove. The lipids were separated and detected on Silica gel G coated TLC plates and quantified by using densitometric image analysis. Rf values of the non-polar lipids were as follows: cholesterol (0.29), free fatty acids (0.58), triacylglycerol (0.69), fatty acids methyl esters (0.84) and cholesterol ester (0.97). Rf values for the polar lipids were: cerebroside (0.42), ceramide (0.55) and cholesterol (0.73). The results showed the abundance of fatty acids methyl esters (47.75-60.46%) followed by triacylglycerol (12.69-24.14%). The remaining lipid compositions were as follows: cholesterol (4.09-13.18%), ceramide (2.18-13.27%), and cerebroside (2.53-12.81%). In conclusion, our findings showed that TLC is a simple and sensitive method for the separation and quantification of skin lipids. We also reported a new protocol for lipid extraction using the zirconia beads for efficient disruption of skin tissues. This study will help us better understand the role of skin lipids in adaptive physiology towards adverse climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb A. Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author. Address: Department of Biochemistry College of Science, Bld 5 King Saud University P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. Tel.: +966 11 4675859.
| | - Ibrahim A. Arif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph B. Williams
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Aronoff Laboratory, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Alex M. Champagne
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, Aronoff Laboratory, Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Mohammad Shobrak
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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