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Rizvi SMD, Hussain T, Alshammari F, Sonbol H, Ahmad N, Faiyaz SSM, Kamal MA, Khafagy ES, Moin A, Abu Lila AS. Nano-Conversion of Ineffective Cephalosporins into Potent One against Resistant Clinical Uro-Pathogens via Gold Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:475. [PMID: 36770436 PMCID: PMC9919271 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Infections caused by resistant bacterial pathogens have increased the complications of clinicians worldwide. The quest for effective antibacterial agents against resistant pathogens has prompted researchers to develop new classes of antibiotics. Unfortunately, pathogens have acted more smartly by developing resistance to even the newest class of antibiotics with time. The culture sensitivity analysis of the clinical samples revealed that pathogens are gaining resistance toward the new generations of cephalosporins at a very fast rate globally. The current study developed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that could efficiently deliver the 2nd (cefotetan-CT) and 3rd (cefixime-CX) generation cephalosporins to resistant clinical pathogens. In fact, both CT and CX were used to reduce and stabilize AuNPs by applying a one-pot synthesis approach, and their characterization was performed via spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy. Moreover, the synthesized AuNPs were tested against uro-pathogenic resistant clinical strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. CT-AuNPs characteristic SPR peak was observed at 542 nm, and CX-AuNPs showed the same at 522 nm. The stability measurement showed ζ potential as -24.9 mV and -25.2 mV for CT-AuNPs and CX-AuNPs, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the spherical shape of both the AuNPs, whereas, the size by transmission electron microscopy for CT-AuNPs and CX-AuNPs were estimated to be 45 ± 19 nm and 35 ± 17 nm, respectively. Importantly, once loaded onto AuNPs, both the cephalosporin antibiotics become extremely potent against the resistant strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae with MIC50 in the range of 0.5 to 0.8 μg/mL. The findings propose that old-generation unresponsive antibiotics could be revived into potent nano-antibiotics via AuNPs. Thus, investing efforts, intellect, time and funds for a nano-antibiotic strategy might be a better approach to overcome resistance than investing the same in the development of newer antibiotic molecule(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talib Hussain
- Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana Sonbol
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabeel Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Allied Sciences, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | | | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostic & Personalized Therapeutic Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
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TLC–Densitometric Analysis of Selected 5-Nitroimidazoles. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metronidazole, ornidazole, tinidazole, and secnidazole are 5-nitroimidazoles. The purpose of this work was to propose a new economical TLC–densitometric method to evaluate the chemical stability of metronidazole, secnidazole, ornidazole, and tinidazole under stress conditions. A forced degradation study was performed on silica gel and aqueous solutions at various pH values; the metronidazole, secnidazole, ornidazole, and tinidazole solutions were prepared in saline and in hydrogen peroxide, respectively. The samples of the 5-nitroimidazoles were heated. TLC analyses were performed on silica gel 60F254 using chloroform–methanol (9:1, v/v) as the mobile phase. As the TLC–densitometric method can effectively separate the metronidazole, secnidazole, ornidazole, and tinidazole from their degradation products which formed as a result of the stress studies, it is considered to can be a good alternative and important tool in the routine quality control and stability testing of metronidazole, secnidazole, ornidazole, and tinidazole in pharmaceutical formulations. The results indicate that the proposed TLC–densitometric method is cost-effective, rapid, specific, accurate, and precise; the TLC–densitometric method also realizes the criterion of the linearity. A major advantage of the proposed method is its low cost and ability to analyze the 5-nitroimidazole which was investigated and all its degradation products simultaneously.
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Alafnan A, Rizvi SMD, Alshammari AS, Faiyaz SSM, Lila ASA, Katamesh AA, Khafagy ES, Alotaibi HF, Ahmed ABF. Gold Nanoparticle-Based Resuscitation of Cefoxitin against Clinical Pathogens: A Nano-Antibiotic Strategy to Overcome Resistance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3643. [PMID: 36296833 PMCID: PMC9608365 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles have gained popularity as an effective drug delivery vehicle due to their unique features. In fact, antibiotics transported via gold nanoparticles have significantly enhanced their potency in the recent past. The present study used an approach to synthesize gold nanoparticles in one step with the help of cefoxitin antibiotic as a reducing and stabilizing agent. Cefoxitin is a second-generation cephalosporin that loses its potential due to modification in the porins (ompK35 and ompK36) of Gram-negative pathogens. Thus, the present study has developed an idea to revive the potential of cefoxitin against clinical Gram-negative pathogens, i.e., Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, via applying gold nanoparticles as a delivery tool. Prior to antibacterial activity, characterization of cefoxitin-gold nanoparticles was performed via UV-visible spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering, and electron microscopy. A characteristic UV-visible scan peak for gold nanoparticles was observed at 518 nm, ζ potential was estimated as -23.6 ± 1.6, and TEM estimated the size in the range of 2-12 nm. Moreover, cefoxitin loading efficiency on gold nanoparticles was calculated to be 71.92%. The antibacterial assay revealed that cefoxitin, after loading onto the gold nanoparticles, become potent against cefoxitin-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae, and their MIC50 values were estimated as 1.5 μg/mL and 2.5 μg/mL, respectively. Here, gold nanoparticles effectively deliver cefoxitin to the resistant pathogens, and convert it from unresponsive to a potent antibiotic. However, to obtain some convincing conclusions on the human relevance, their fate and toxicity need to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alafnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alshammari
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Katamesh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail P.O. Box 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Central Administration for Drug Control, Egyptian Drug Authority “EDA”, Al Maadi 1347, Giza 11553, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hadil Faris Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint AbdulRahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abo Bakr F. Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Baker A, Khalid M, Uddin I, Khan MS. Targeted non AR mediated smart delivery of abiraterone to the prostate cancer. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272396. [PMID: 36018864 PMCID: PMC9416994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second-deadliest tumor in men all over the world. Different types of drugs with various delivery systems and pathways were developed, but no one showed prominent results against cancer. Meanwhile, nanoparticles have shown good results against cancer. Therefore, in the given study, citrate mediated synthesized gold nanoparticles (CtGNPs) with immobilized survivin antibodies (SvGNPs) were bioconjugated to the substantially potent drug abiraterone (AbSvGNPs) to develop as a combinatorial therapeutic against prostate cancer. The AbSvGNPs are made up of CtGNPs, survivin antibodies, and abiraterone. The selected drug abiraterone (Abira) possesses exceptionally good activity against prostate cancer, but cancer cells develop resistance against this drug and it also poses several severe side effects. Meanwhile, survivin antibodies were used to deliver AbSvGNPs specifically into cancer cells by considering survivin, an anti-apoptotic overexpressed protein in cancer cells, as a marker. The survivin antibodies have also been used to inhibit cancer cells as an immunotherapeutic agent. Similarly, CtGNPs were discovered to inhibit cancer cell proliferation via several transduction pathways. The given bioconjugated nanoparticles (AbSvGNPs) were found to be substantially effective against prostate cancer with an IC50 of 11.8 and 7.3 μM against DU145 and PC-3 cells, respectively. However, it was found safe against NRK and showed less than 25% cytotoxicity up to 20μM concentration. The as-synthesized nanoparticles CtGNPs, SvGNPs, and AbSvGNPs were characterized by several physical techniques to confirm their synthesis, whereas the immobilization of survivin antibodies and bioconjugation of Abira was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, TEM, FTIR, and zeta-potential. The anticancer potential of AbSvGNPs was determined by MTT, DAPI, ROS, MITO, TUNEL ASSAY, and caspase-3 activity against DU145 and PC3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Baker
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abduaziz University, Al-kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Uddin
- Department of Physics, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- * E-mail: ,
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Hagbani TA, Yadav H, Moin A, Lila ASA, Mehmood K, Alshammari F, Khan S, Khafagy ES, Hussain T, Rizvi SMD, Abdallah MH. Enhancement of Vancomycin Potential against Pathogenic Bacterial Strains via Gold Nano-Formulations: A Nano-Antibiotic Approach. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031108. [PMID: 35161053 PMCID: PMC8840600 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable rise of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic bacteria poses a significant threat to human health. Nanoparticles (NPs) have recently emerged as novel strategies for conquering fatal bacterial diseases. Furthermore, antibiotic-functionalized metallic NPs represent a viable nano-platform for combating bacterial resistance. In this study, we present the use of vancomycin-functionalized gold nanoparticles (V-GNPs) to battle pathogenic bacterial strains. A facile one-pot method was adopted to synthesize vancomycin-loaded GNPs in which the reducing properties of vancomycin were exploited to produce V-GNPs from gold ions. UV–Visible spectroscopy verified the production of V-GNPs via the existence of a surface plasmon resonance peak at 524 nm, whereas transmission electron microscopy depicted a size of ~24 nm. Further, dynamic light scattering (DLS) estimated the hydrodynamic diameter as 77 nm. The stability of V-GNPs was investigated using zeta-potential measurements, and the zeta potential of V-GNPs was found to be −18 mV. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the efficient loading of vancomycin onto GNP surfaces; however, the loading efficiency of vancomycin onto V-GNPs was 86.2%. Finally, in vitro antibacterial studies revealed that V-GNPs were much more effective, even at lower concentrations, than pure vancomycin. The observed antibacterial activities of V-GNPs were 1.4-, 1.6-, 1.8-, and 1.6-fold higher against Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, compared to pure vancomycin. Collectively, V-GNPs represented a more viable alternative to pure vancomycin, even at a lower antibiotic dose, in conquering pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki Al Hagbani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.H.); (A.M.); (A.S.A.L.); (F.A.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Hemant Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, RAK College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah 11172, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.H.); (A.M.); (A.S.A.L.); (F.A.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Amr Selim Abu Lila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.H.); (A.M.); (A.S.A.L.); (F.A.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian 22010, Pakistan;
| | - Farhan Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.H.); (A.M.); (A.S.A.L.); (F.A.); (M.H.A.)
| | - Salman Khan
- Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India;
| | - El-Sayed Khafagy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (S.M.D.R.)
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.H.); (A.M.); (A.S.A.L.); (F.A.); (M.H.A.)
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (S.M.D.R.)
| | - Marwa H. Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia; (T.A.H.); (A.M.); (A.S.A.L.); (F.A.); (M.H.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Alshammari F, Alshammari B, Moin A, Alamri A, Al Hagbani T, Alobaida A, Baker A, Khan S, Rizvi SMD. Ceftriaxone Mediated Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles: A Nano-Therapeutic Tool to Target Bacterial Resistance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1896. [PMID: 34834310 PMCID: PMC8622407 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceftriaxone has been a part of therapeutic regime for combating some of the most aggressive bacterial infections in the last few decades. However, increasing bacterial resistance towards ceftriaxone and other third generation cephalosporin antibiotics has raised serious clinical concerns especially due to their misuse in the COVID-19 era. Advancement in nanotechnology has converted nano-therapeutic vision into a plausible reality with better targeting and reduced drug consumption. Thus, in the present study, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized by using ceftriaxone antibiotic that acts as a reducing as well as capping agent. Ceftriaxone-loaded GNPs (CGNPs) were initially characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, DLS, Zeta potential, Electron microscopy and FT-IR. However, a TEM micrograph showed a uniform size of 21 ± 1 nm for the synthesized CGNPs. Further, both (CGNPs) and pure ceftriaxone were examined for their efficacy against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella abony and Klebsiella pneumoniae. CGNPs showed MIC50 as 1.39, 1.6, 1.1 and 0.9 µg/mL against E. coli, S. aureus, S. abony and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Interestingly, CGNPs showed two times better efficacy when compared with pure ceftriaxone against the tested bacterial strains. Restoring the potential of unresponsive or less efficient ceftriaxone via gold nanoformulations is the most alluring concept of the whole study. Moreover, applicability of the findings from bench to bedside needs further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.M.); (T.A.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Bushra Alshammari
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Afrasim Moin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.M.); (T.A.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdulwahab Alamri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Turki Al Hagbani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.M.); (T.A.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Alobaida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.M.); (T.A.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Abu Baker
- Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India; (A.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Salman Khan
- Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India; (A.B.); (S.K.)
| | - Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 81442, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (A.M.); (T.A.H.); (A.A.)
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Alshahrani MY, Rafi Z, Alabdallah NM, Shoaib A, Ahmad I, Asiri M, Zaman GS, Wahab S, Saeed M, Khan S. A Comparative Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Antineoplastic Potential of Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Leaf Extract with Its Biologically Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles (R-AuNPs). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2278. [PMID: 34834641 PMCID: PMC8617663 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Rauwolfia serpentina (R. serpentina), belonging to the family Apocynaceae, is a renowned medicinal herb for its different pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative characteristics. This study has done a comparative assessment of the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-cancer activity of R. serpentina aqueous leaf extract (RSALE) with encapsulated gold nanoparticles (R-AuNPs). The R-AuNPs are prepared so that they are significant in size, monodispersed, and extremely stable. Their characterization was done by numerous parameters, including UV-visible spectroscopy (528 nm), transmission electron microscopy (~17 d. nm), dynamic light scattering (~68 d. nm), and zeta-potential (~-17 mV). Subsequently, a potent antibacterial activity was depicted via RSALE and R-AuNPs when examined by disc diffusion against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The obtained zones of inhibition of RSALE (100 mg/mL) were 34 ± 0.1, 35 ± 0.1, 28.4 ± 0.01, and 18 ± 0.01, although those of R-AuNPs (15 mg/mL) were 24.4 ± 0.12, 22 ± 0.07, 20 ± 0.16, and 17 ± 0.3 against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 8114), and Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), respectively. However, no zone of inhibition was obtained when tested against Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 1771). Furthermore, the obtained MIC values for Staphylococcus aureus were 0.91, 0.61, and 1.15 mg/mL; for Escherichia coli, 0.79, 0.36, and 1.02 mg/mL; for Bacillus subtilis 0.42, 0.27, and 0.474 mg/mL; and for Streptococcus pyogenes, 7.67, 3.86, and 8.5 mg/mL of pure RSALE, R-AuNPs, and Amoxicillin (control), respectively, incorporating that R-AuNPs have been shown to have a 1.4-fold, 2.1-fold, 1.5-fold, and 1.9-fold enhanced antibacterial activity in contrast to pure RSALE tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Proteus vulgaris, respectively. Additionally, an enhanced antioxidant potential was detected in R-AuNPs compared to RSALE evaluated by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl Hydrazyl Radical Scavenging (DPPH) Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The determined IC 50 values of RSALE and R-AuNPs were 0.131 ± 0.05 and 0.184 ± 0.02 mg/mL, and 0.110 ± 0.1 and 0.106 ± 0.24 mg/mL via the FRAP and DPPH assays, respectively. In addition, the anti-cancer activity against the human cervical cancer (Hela) cell line was evaluated, and the MTT assay results revealed that R-AuNPs (IC50 88.3 µg/mL) had an enhanced anti-cancer potential in contrast to RSALE (171.5 µg/mL). Subsequently, the findings of this study indicated that R. serpentina leaves and their nanoformulation can be used as a potent source for the treatment of the above-mentioned complications and can be used as a possible agent for novel target-based therapies for the management of different ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (G.S.Z.)
| | - Zeeshan Rafi
- Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Lab-6(IIRC), Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India;
| | - Nadiyah M. Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ambreen Shoaib
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (G.S.Z.)
| | - Mohammed Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (G.S.Z.)
| | - Gaffar Sarwar Zaman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia; (M.Y.A.); (I.A.); (M.A.); (G.S.Z.)
| | - Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha 9088, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Khan
- Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Lab-6(IIRC), Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India;
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Xu X, Man L. Papain Mediated Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles Encore the Potency of Bioconjugated Flutamide. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 22:557-568. [PMID: 32106799 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200227121144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of male cancer death after lung cancer in the US. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly effective therapeutic drug at substantially low doses. OBJECTIVE Anti-androgen drug flutamide was delivered to the prostate cancer cells using Papain Mediated Synthesized Gold Nanoparticles (PGNPs) as the drug delivery system. PGNPs and flutamide worked synergistically against cancer cells. METHODS Flutamide was used to bioconjugate with PGNPs to improve its efficacy against prostate cancer. The synthesis and bioconjugation of flutamide with PGNPs (F-PGNPs) were characterized by various characterization techniques such as UV-vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and zeta potential to ensure the synthesis, size, shape, size distribution, and stability. The drug loading efficiency of flutamide in F-PGNPs was confirmed and validated by UV-vis spectroscopy. Eventually, in vitro studies were performed to determine the potency of F-PGNPs, changes in nuclear morphology, and generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). RESULTS The efficacy of F-PGNPs (IC50 is 46.54 μg/mL) was found to be improved significantly over pure flutamide (IC50 is 64.63 μg/mL) against human prostate cancer PC-3 cell line whereas F-PGNPs did not show any significant toxicity up to a fairly high concentration toward normal mouse macrophage J774A.1 cells. The apoptotic effects and ROS generation of F-PGNPs were analyzed by increased permeability of the cell membrane and condensed chromatin with deep blue and green fluorescent nucleus, respectively. DISCUSSION The results clearly showed that F-PGNPs significantly improved the potency of flutamide by delivering it directly into the nucleus of cancer cells through caveolae-dependent endocytosis. CONCLUSION Thus, the greater inhibitory effect of F-PGNPs over the pure drug would be of great advantage during prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Jishuitan Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Libo Man
- Department of Urology, Beijing Jishuitan Beijing, 100096, China
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Baker A, Syed A, Alyousef AA, Arshad M, Alqasim A, Khalid M, Khan MS. Sericin-functionalized GNPs potentiate the synergistic effect of levofloxacin and balofloxacin against MDR bacteria. Microb Pathog 2020; 148:104467. [PMID: 32877723 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A gradual expansion in resistant bacterial strains against commercially available antibacterial agents is the serious concern of the given research. It poses critical problem for public health. Thus, the demand for new antimicrobial agents has increased the interest in newer technologies and innovative approaches are required to advance the diagnosis and elimination of causative organisms. In this study, the potential role of technologies based on gold nanoparticles (GNPs) has been evaluated. GNPs were synthesized by using a cysteine protease, sericin whose reducing properties were exploited to bioengineer NPs (SrGNPs) where sericin with the help of thiol groups encapsulated over the surface of GNPs. Further, SrGNPs were bioconjugated with levofloxacin (Levo) and balofloxacin (Balo) to increase the efficacy of these drugs. Here, the antibacterial action of SrGNPs and their bioconjugated counterparts comprising Levo (Levo-SrGNPs), Balo (Balo-SrGNPs), and Levo/Balo (Levo-Balo-SrGNPs) were examined against normal and multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains of E. coli and S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these bioconjugates against said bacteria were found less than their pure counterparts. Further, the synergistic role of SrGNPs in combination with Levo and Balo was also explained using Chou-Talalay (C-T) method. The synthesis and bioconjugation of SrGNPs were confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and zeta-potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Baker
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226026, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alyousef
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Arshad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alqasim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh, 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202001, UP, India.
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10
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Iram S, Zahera M, Wahid I, Baker A, Raish M, Khan A, Ali N, Ahmad S, Khan MS. Cisplatin bioconjugated enzymatic GNPs amplify the effect of cisplatin with acquiescence. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13826. [PMID: 31554850 PMCID: PMC6761153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic gold nanoparticles (B-GNPs) have been synthesized using a natural anticancer agent bromelain (a cysteine protease) and these nanoparticles were used to bioconjugate Cisplatin (highly effective against osteosarcoma and lung cancer). Cisplatin bioconjugated bromelain encapsulated gold nanoparticles (B-C-GNPs) were found profoundly potent against same cancers at much lower concentration with minimum side effects due to the synergistic effect of bromelain. The B-C-GNPs have been observed to inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cell lines Saos-2 and MG-63 with IC50 estimation of 4.51 µg/ml and 3.21 µg/ml, respectively, and against small lung cancer cell line A-549 with IC50 2.5 µg/ml which is lower than IC50 of cisplatin against same cell lines. The B-GNPs/B-C-GNPs were characterized by TEM, UV-Visible spectroscopy, Zeta potential and DLS to confirm the production, purity, crystalline nature, stability of nanoemulsion, size and shape distribution. The change in 2D and 3D conformation of bromelain after encapsulation was studied by Circular Dichroism and Fluorometry, respectively. It was found that after encapsulation, a 19.4% loss in secondary structure was observed, but tertiary structure was not altered significantly and this loss improved the anticancer activity. The confirmation of bioconjugation of cisplatin with B-GNPs was done by UV-Visible spectroscopy, TEM, FTIR, 2D 1H NMR DOSY and ICP-MS. Further, it was found that almost ~4 cisplatin molecules bound with each B-GNPs nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Iram
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Manaal Zahera
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Iram Wahid
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Abu Baker
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Raish
- Department Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf Khan
- Department Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naushad Ali
- Quality Assurance Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Nanomedicine & Nanobiotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, India.
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Shaikh S, Rizvi SMD, Shakil S, Hussain T, Alshammari TM, Ahmad W, Tabrez S, Al-Qahtani MH, Abuzenadah AM. Synthesis and Characterization of Cefotaxime Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles and Their Use to Target Drug-Resistant CTX-M-Producing Bacterial Pathogens. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2802-2808. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Mohd. Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; University of Hail; Hail Saudi Arabia
| | - Shazi Shakil
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Talib Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; College of Pharmacy; University of Hail; Hail Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir M. Alshammari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; College of Pharmacy; University of Hail; Hail Saudi Arabia
- Medication Safety Research Chair; King Saud University; Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Waseem Ahmad
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center; King Abdulaziz University; P. O. Box 80216 Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H. Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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Bagga P, Ansari TM, Siddiqui HH, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Rahman MA, Khan MS. Bromelain capped gold nanoparticles as the novel drug delivery carriers to aggrandize effect of the antibiotic levofloxacin. EXCLI JOURNAL 2016; 15:772-780. [PMID: 28337108 PMCID: PMC5318683 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To develop bromelain capped gold nanoparticles (BRN capped Au-NPs) as the effective drug delivery carriers of the antibiotic levofloxacin (LvN) and evaluate antibacterial potential of its bioconjugated form compared to pure LvN. BRN capped Au-NPs were synthesized by in vitro method and bioconjugated to LvN using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-carbodiimide as activator to form Au-BRN-LvN-NPs. These were characterized for mean particle size by dynamic light scattering analysis, zeta potential by Zetasizer nanosystem analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on carbon coated TEM copper grids by TEM respectively. Drug loading efficiency of LvN was calculated using UV-visible spectroscopy by standard curve of pure LvN. Antibacterial efficacy of Au-BRN-LvN-NPs and pure LvN was determined by evaluating minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus and Eschereschia coli. Two peaks were observed in Au-BRN-LvN-NPs spectrum one at 307 nm and other at 526 nm while one peak in BRN capped Au-NPs at 522 nm during UV spectroscopy suggesting red shift. The drug loading efficiency of LvN was found to be 84.8 ± 2.41 %. The diameter of Au-BRN-LvN-NPs and BRN capped Au-NPs were found to be (58.65 ± 2 nm, 38.11 ± 2 nm), zeta potential (-9.01 mV, -13.8 mV) and surface morphology (~13.2 nm, 11.4 nm) respectively. The MICs against S. aureus and E. coli were found to be (0.128 µg/mL, 1.10 µg/mL) for Au-BRN-LvN-NPs and (0.547 µg/mL, 1.96 µg/mL) for pure LvN. The results suggested that BRN capped Au-NPs can be used as effective drug delivery carriers of the antibiotic LvN. The Au-BRN-LvN-NPs exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity compared to pure LvN alone. (Graphical abstract see Figure 1(Fig. 1))
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramdeep Bagga
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026 (India)
| | | | | | - Asad Syed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Azizur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026 (India)
| | - Mohd Sajid Khan
- Nanotechnology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026 (India)
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