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González Álvarez Á, Martinez I Quer A, Ellegaard-Jensen L, Sapkota R, Carvalho PN, Johansen A. Fungal removal of cyanotoxins in constructed wetlands: The forgotten degraders. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172590. [PMID: 38642746 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Harmful cyanobacterial blooms have increased globally, releasing hazardous cyanotoxins that threaten the safety of water resources. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a nature-based and low-cost solution to purify and remove cyanotoxins from water. However, bio-mechanistic understanding of the biotransformation processes expected to drive cyanotoxin removal in such systems is poor, and primarily focused on bacteria. Thus, the present study aimed at exploring the fungal contribution to microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin biodegradation in CWs. Based on CW mesocosms, two experimental approaches were taken: a) amplicon sequencing studies were conducted to investigate the involvement of the fungal community; and b) CW fungal isolates were tested for their microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin degradation capabilities. The data uncovered effects of seasonality (spring or summer), cyanotoxin exposure, vegetation (unplanted, Juncus effusus or Phragmites australis) and substratum (sand or gravel) on the fungal community structure. Additionally, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus and the endophyte Myrmecridium showed positive correlations with cyanotoxin removal. Fungal isolates revealed microcystin-LR-removal potentials of approximately 25 % in in vitro biodegradation experiments, while the extracellular chemical fingerprint of the cultures suggested a potential intracellular metabolization. The results from this study may help us understand the fungal contribution to cyanotoxin removal, as well as their ecology in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela González Álvarez
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Alba Martinez I Quer
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lea Ellegaard-Jensen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; WATEC, Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Rumakanta Sapkota
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Pedro N Carvalho
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; WATEC, Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Anders Johansen
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark; WATEC, Centre for Water Technology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Saravanan A, Thamarai P, Deivayanai VC, Karishma S, Shaji A, Yaashikaa PR. Current strategies on bioremediation of personal care products and detergents: Sustainability and life cycle assessment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141698. [PMID: 38490608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The increased use of personal care products and detergents in modern society has raised concerns about their potential adverse effects on the environment. These products contain various chemical compounds that can persist in water bodies, leading to water pollution and ecological disturbances. Bioremediation has emerged as a promising approach to address these challenges, utilizing the natural capabilities of microorganisms to degrade or remove these contaminants. This review examines the current strategies employed in the bioremediation of personal care products and detergents, with a specific focus on their sustainability and environmental impact. This bioremediation is essential for environmental rejuvenation, as it uses living organisms to detergents and other daily used products. Its distinctiveness stems from sustainable, nature-centric ways that provide eco-friendly solutions for pollution eradication and nurturing a healthy planet, all while avoiding copying. Explores the use of microbial consortia, enzyme-based treatments, and novel biotechnological approaches in the context of environmental remediation. Additionally, the ecological implications and long-term sustainability of these strategies are assessed. Understanding the strengths and limitations of these bioremediation techniques is essential for developing effective and environmentally friendly solutions to mitigate the impact of personal care products and detergents on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India.
| | - P Thamarai
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - V C Deivayanai
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - S Karishma
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Alan Shaji
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
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Navina BK, Velmurugan NK, Senthil Kumar P, Rangasamy G, Palanivelu J, Thamarai P, Vickram AS, Saravanan A, Shakoor A. Fungal bioremediation approaches for the removal of toxic pollutants: Mechanistic understanding for biorefinery applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141123. [PMID: 38185426 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Pollution is a global menace that poses harmful effects on all the living ecosystems and to the Earth. As years pass by, the available and the looming rate of pollutants increases at a faster rate. Although many treatments and processing strategies are waged for treating such pollutants, the by-products and the wastes or drain off generated by these treatments further engages in the emission of hazardous waste. Innovative and long-lasting solutions are required to address the urgent global issue of hazardous pollutant remediation from contaminated environments. Myco-remediation is a top-down green and eco-friendly tool for pollution management. It is a cost-effective and safer practice of converting pernicious substances into non-toxic forms by the use of fungi. But these pollutants can be transformed into useable products along with multiple benefits for the environment such as sequestration of carbon emissions and also to generate high valuable bioactive materials that fits as a sustainable economic model. The current study has examined the possible applications of fungi in biorefineries and their critical role in the transformation and detoxification of pollutants. The paper offers important insights into using fungal bioremediation for both economically and environmentally sound solutions in the domain of biorefinery applications by combining recent research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bala Krishnan Navina
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600062, India
| | - Nandha Kumar Velmurugan
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600062, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry, 605014, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Jeyanthi Palanivelu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 600062, India
| | - P Thamarai
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - A S Vickram
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, West Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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Radojević ID, Jakovljević VD, Ostojić AM. A mini-review on indigenous microbial biofilm from various wastewater for heavy-metal removal - new trends. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:309. [PMID: 37715865 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03762-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm, as a form of the microbial community in nature, represents an evolutionary adaptation to the influence of various environmental conditions. In nature, the largest number of microorganisms occur in the form of multispecies biofilms. The ability of microorganisms to form a biofilm is one of the reasons for antibiotic resistance. The creation of biofilms resistant to various contaminants, on the other hand, improves the biological treatment process in wastewater treatment plants. Heavy metals cannot be degraded, but they can be transformed into non-reactive and less toxic forms. In this process, microorganisms are irreplaceable as they interact with the metals in a variety of ways. The environment polluted by heavy metals, such as wastewater, is also a source of undiscovered microbial diversity and specific microbial strains. Numerous studies show that biofilm is an irreplaceable strategy for heavy metal removal. In this review, we systematize recent findings regarding the bioremediation potential of biofilm-forming microbial species isolated from diverse wastewaters for heavy metal removal. In addition, we include some mechanisms of action, application possibilities, practical issues, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana D Radojević
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory of microbiology, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanoviča 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Violeta D Jakovljević
- Department of Natural-Mathematical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Vuka Karadžića 9, 36300, Novi Pazar, Republic of Serbia
| | - Aleksandar M Ostojić
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Laboratory of microbiology, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanoviča 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia
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El-Gendy MMAA, Abdel-Moniem SM, Ammar NS, El-Bondkly AMA. Multimetal bioremediation from aqueous solution using dead biomass of Mucor sp. NRCC6 derived from detergent manufacturing effluent. J Appl Genet 2023; 64:569-590. [PMID: 37407883 PMCID: PMC10457414 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-023-00765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Among ten metal-tolerant fungal isolates obtained from the microbiomes of detergent industry effluent, Mucor sp. NRCC6 showed the highest tolerance and an adaptive behavior toward the heavy metals Ni2+, Pb2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+. It gave the highest growth rates 0.790 ± 0.59, 0.832 ± 0.32, 0.774 ± 0.40, and 0.741 ± 1.06 mm/h along with the lowest growth inhibition 9.19, 4.37, 11.04, and 14.83% in the presence of Pb2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, and Mn2+, respectively, at a concentration of 5.0 g/L. Then, Mucor sp. NRCC6 was selected as a biotrap for the removal of these heavy metals. The optimized operating conditions were detected to be pH 6.0 for Pb2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+ and pH 5.5 for Ni2+ at 30 °C; agitation speed 150 rpm; contact time 30 min for Mn2+ and Ni2+, 30-60 min for Pb2+, and 90-180 min for Zn2+; NRCC6 biomass dosage 5.0 g/L for Ni2+ and Pb2+ and 10.0 g/L for Mn2+ and Zn2+; and initial concentration 12 mg/L of each ion in the multimetal aqueous solutions. Under these optimized conditions, the adsorption capacity for Pb2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+ reached 98.75, 59.25, 58.33, and 50.83%. The Langmuir isotherm was the best for describing the adsorption of Zn2+ (0.970) and Mn2+ (0.977). The Freundlich isotherm significantly giving a good fit to the adsorption of Pb2+ (0.998) while the adsorption of Ni2+ onto NRCC6 biomass can follow DKR (0.998). Furthermore, the current study revealed that Mucor sp. NRCC6 fungus is a new efficient and eco-friendly method that revealed a maximum removal of 100% for Pb2+ and Zn2+ as well as 97.39, 88.70, 78.95, 74.0, 70.22, 68.57, and 60.0% for Ni2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, As2+, and Cr6+ from the industrial wastewater, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shimaa M Abdel-Moniem
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Nabila S Ammar
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Ekeoma BC, Ekeoma LN, Yusuf M, Haruna A, Ikeogu CK, Merican ZMA, Kamyab H, Pham CQ, Vo DVN, Chelliapan S. Recent Advances in the Biocatalytic Mitigation of Emerging Pollutants: A Comprehensive Review. J Biotechnol 2023; 369:14-34. [PMID: 37172936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The issue of environmental pollution has been worsened by the emergence of new contaminants whose morphology is yet to be fully understood. Several techniques have been adopted to mitigate the pollution effects of these emerging contaminants, and bioremediation involving plants, microbes, or enzymes has stood out as a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach. Enzyme-mediated bioremediation is a very promising technology as it exhibits better pollutant degradation activity and generates less waste. However, this technology is subject to challenges like temperature, pH, and storage stability, in addition to recycling difficulty as it is arduous to isolate them from the reaction media. To address these challenges, the immobilization of enzymes has been successfully applied to ameliorate the activity, stability, and reusability of enzymes. Although this has significantly increased the uses of enzymes over a wide range of environmental conditions and facilitated the use of smaller bioreactors thereby saving cost, it still comes with additional costs for carriers and immobilization. Additionally, the existing immobilization methods have their individual limitations. This review provides state-of-the-art information to readers focusing on bioremediation using enzymes. Different parameters such as: the sustainability of biocatalysts, the ecotoxicological evaluation of transformation contaminants, and enzyme groups used were reviewed. The efficacy of free and immobilized enzymes, materials and methods for immobilization, bioreactors used, challenges to large-scale implementation, and future research needs were thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Chukwuemeka Ekeoma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 35487, USA
| | - Leonard Nnamdi Ekeoma
- Department of Pharmacy, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Agulu Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- Institute of Hydrocarbon Recovery, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia.
| | - Abdurrashid Haruna
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria-Nigeria
| | | | - Zulkifli Merican Aljunid Merican
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia; Institute of Contaminant Management, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, 32610, Malaysia
| | - Hesam Kamyab
- Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, UTE University, Calle Rumipamba S/N and Bourgeois, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India; Process Systems Engineering Centre (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Cham Q Pham
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam
| | - Dai-Viet N Vo
- Centre of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Viet Nam.
| | - Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan
- Engineering Department, Razak Faculty of Technology & Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kamilari E, Stanton C, Reen FJ, Ross RP. Uncovering the Biotechnological Importance of Geotrichum candidum. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061124. [PMID: 36981051 PMCID: PMC10048088 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi make a fundamental contribution to several biotechnological processes, including brewing, winemaking, and the production of enzymes, organic acids, alcohols, antibiotics, and pharmaceuticals. The present review explores the biotechnological importance of the filamentous yeast-like fungus Geotrichum candidum, a ubiquitous species known for its use as a starter in the dairy industry. To uncover G. candidum's biotechnological role, we performed a search for related work through the scientific indexing internet services, Web of Science and Google Scholar. The following query was used: Geotrichum candidum, producing about 6500 scientific papers from 2017 to 2022. From these, approximately 150 that were associated with industrial applications of G. candidum were selected. Our analysis revealed that apart from its role as a starter in the dairy and brewing industries, this species has been administered as a probiotic nutritional supplement in fish, indicating improvements in developmental and immunological parameters. Strains of this species produce a plethora of biotechnologically important enzymes, including cellulases, β-glucanases, xylanases, lipases, proteases, and α-amylases. Moreover, strains that produce antimicrobial compounds and that are capable of bioremediation were identified. The findings of the present review demonstrate the importance of G. candidum for agrifood- and bio-industries and provide further insights into its potential future biotechnological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kamilari
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
- Department of Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - F Jerry Reen
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland
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Tourova TP, Sokolova DS, Semenova EM, Kireev DM, Laptev AB, Nazina TN. Composition of Microbial Fouling on the Surface of Plastics and Steel Exposed in a Pond at a Solid Waste Landfill. Microbiology (Reading) 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261722601919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Exploring the Citrus Sour Rot pathogen: biochemical aspects, virulence factors, and strategies for disease management - a review. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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The Effectiveness of Biostimulation, Bioaugmentation and Sorption-Biological Treatment of Soil Contaminated with Petroleum Products in the Russian Subarctic. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081722. [PMID: 34442801 PMCID: PMC8400976 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of different bioremediation methods (biostimulation, bioaugmentation, the sorption-biological method) for the restoration of soil contaminated with petroleum products in the Russian Subarctic has been studied. The object of the study includes soil contaminated for 20 years with petroleum products. By laboratory experiment, we established five types of microfungi that most intensively decompose petroleum hydrocarbons: Penicillium canescens st. 1, Penicillium simplicissimum st. 1, Penicillum commune, Penicillium ochrochloron, and Penicillium restrictum. One day after the start of the experiment, 6 to 18% of the hydrocarbons decomposed: at 3 days, this was 16 to 49%; at 7 days, 40 to 73%; and at 10 days, 71 to 87%. Penicillium commune exhibited the greatest degrading activity throughout the experiment. For soils of light granulometric composition with a low content of organic matter, a more effective method of bioremediation is sorption-biological treatment using peat or granulated activated carbon: the content of hydrocarbons decreased by an average of 65%, which is 2.5 times more effective than without treatment. The sorbent not only binds hydrocarbons and their toxic metabolites but is also a carrier for hydrocarbon-oxidizing microorganisms and prevents nutrient leaching from the soil. High efficiency was noted due to the biostimulation of the native hydrocarbon-oxidizing microfungi and bacteria by mineral fertilizers and liming. An increase in the number of microfungi, bacteria and dehydrogenase activity indicate the presence of a certain microbial potential of the soil and the ability of the hydrocarbons to produce biochemical oxidation. The use of the considered methods of bioremediation will improve the ecological state of the contaminated area and further the gradual restoration of biodiversity.
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Akhtar N, Mannan MAU. Mycoremediation: Expunging environmental pollutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 26:e00452. [PMID: 32617263 PMCID: PMC7322808 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mycoremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, challenges, and strategies to overcome. Role of the fungi in eradicating heavy metal contamination from the polluted sites. Mycoremediation of agricultural wastes including pesticides, herbicides, and cyanotoxins. Pharmaceutical wastes and strategies for its remediation using white-rot and ligninolytic fungus.
The ever-increasing population, rapid rate of urbanization, and industrialization are exacerbating the pollution-related problems. Soil and water pollution affect human health and the ecosystem. Thus, it is crucial to develop strategies to combat this ever-growing problem. Mycoremediation, employing fungi or its derivatives for remediation of environmental pollutants, is a comparatively cost-effective, eco-friendly, and effective method. It has advantages over other conventional and bioremediation methods. In this review, we have elucidated the harmful effects of common pollutants on public health and the environment. The role of several fungi in degrading these pollutants such as heavy metals, agricultural, pharmaceutical wastes, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, is enumerated. Future strategies to improve the rate and efficiency of mycoremediation are suggested. The manuscript describes the strategies which can be used as a future framework to address the global problem of pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Akhtar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi, G.T. Road, Punjab 144401, India
| | - M Amin-Ul Mannan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi, G.T. Road, Punjab 144401, India.,Department of Trans-Disciplinary Research, Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi, G.T. Road, Punjab 144401, India
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Jakovljević VD. Synergistic effect of Fusarium lateritium LP7 and Trichoderma viride LP5 promotes ethoxylated oleyl-cetyl alcohol biodegradation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2020; 55:438-447. [PMID: 32148162 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1706334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the growth and metabolic activity of consortium and pure cultures Fusarium lateritium LP7 and Trichoderma viride LP5 in response to the presence of 0.5% ethoxylated oleyl-cetyl alcohol (EOCA) in the liquid Czapek-Dox medium. The effectiveness of mentioned cultures was monitored according to the following parameters: biomass dry weight (BDW), pH, quantity of free and total organic acids, proteolytic activity and the qualitative composition of carbohydrates, during 19 days. The biodegrading efficiency was determined spectrophotometrically. The BDW of consortium was significantly stimulated by EOCA (16.59%) whereas biomass of LP7 was significantly inhibited (30.61%). The EOCA had influence on decrease in pH value of the media of LP5 and consortium, and pH changes were correlated with the amount of excreted organic acids. The alkaline protease activities of consortium, LP7 and LP5 retained 73%, 62.2% and 49.5% activity respectively in the presence of EOCA. Consortium has shown the best biodegradation capacity up to 82% of EOCA. The pure cultures were less effective in biodegradation and removed approximately 65% (LP7) and 60% (LP5) of EOCA after 19 days. In brief, the synergistic interaction between pure cultures enhances capacity to reduce EOCA in environment and influences production of some biotechnological useful metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta D Jakovljević
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of Novi Pazar, Novi Pazar, Serbia
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13
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Usharani B. Metagenomics Study of the Microbes in Constructed Wetland System Treating Sewage. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56431/p-ua15r0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands are ecofriendly, cost effective technology involved in treatment of wastewaters. The goal of this study is focused on characterization of microbial community existing in constructed wetland system planted with Cyperusalternifolius treating sewage contaminated with heavy metals. The characteristics of effluent met the standards of discharge for inland use and irrigation. Microbes in constructed wetland apparently play a pivotal role in the efficiency of system for removal of organics, nutrients, suspended solids and heavy metal. To expose the active players in the lime light, a representative soil sample from the reed bed was collected and characterized for microbial community analysis. Metagenomic studies of the bacterial and fungal flora were identified. Results revealed that the phylum Proteobacteria (38.27%) and Ascomycota (77.47%) dominated in the bacterial and fungal kingdom respectively. However, in the bacterial kingdom at species level major portion remain unclassified except Pseudomonasalcaligenes but in the fungal kingdom at species level only 3.1% remain unclassified. The role of bacteria in wastewater treatment is exemplified in previous reports but the role of fungi in wastewater system needs exploration. However, the findings reveal that the identified microbes might have definitely played a vital role in wastewater treatment. The database available for the identification of bacterial species remain undiscovered for a major portion and requires up gradation. Next generation sequence being a high end technology in microbial ecology decodes the entire community in environmental samples but lack of database limits the identification. Implementation of improvements in the paucity of data bases is essential.
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Usharani B. Metagenomics Study of the Microbes in Constructed Wetland System Treating Sewage. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.74.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands are ecofriendly, cost effective technology involved in treatment of wastewaters. The goal of this study is focused on characterization of microbial community existing in constructed wetland system planted withCyperusalternifoliustreating sewage contaminated with heavy metals. The characteristics of effluent met the standards of discharge for inland use and irrigation. Microbes in constructed wetland apparently play a pivotal role in the efficiency of system for removal of organics, nutrients, suspended solids and heavy metal. To expose the active players in the lime light, a representative soil sample from the reed bed was collected and characterized for microbial community analysis. Metagenomic studies of the bacterial and fungal flora were identified. Results revealed that the phylum Proteobacteria (38.27%) and Ascomycota (77.47%) dominated in the bacterial and fungal kingdom respectively. However, in the bacterial kingdom at species level major portion remain unclassified exceptPseudomonasalcaligenesbut in the fungal kingdom at species level only 3.1% remain unclassified. The role of bacteria in wastewater treatment is exemplified in previous reports but the role of fungi in wastewater system needs exploration. However, the findings reveal that the identified microbes might have definitely played a vital role in wastewater treatment. The database available for the identification of bacterial species remain undiscovered for a major portion and requires up gradation. Next generation sequence being a high end technology in microbial ecology decodes the entire community in environmental samples but lack of database limits the identification. Implementation of improvements in the paucity of data bases is essential.
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Enzymatic Bioremediation: Current Status, Challenges of Obtaining Process, and Applications. MICROORGANISMS FOR SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7462-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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