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Pradhan SP, Sahu PK, Behera A. New insights toward molecular and nanotechnological approaches to antidiabetic agents for Alzheimer's disease. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:2739-2762. [PMID: 36949264 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder affecting a major class of silver citizens. The disorder shares a mutual relationship on account of its cellular and molecular pathophysiology with type-II diabetes mellitus (DM). Chronic DM increases the risk for AD. Emerging evidence recommended that resistance in insulin production develops cognitive dysfunction, which generally leads to AD. Repurposing of antidiabetic drugs can be effective in preventing and treatment of the neurodegenerative disorder. Limitations of antidiabetic drugs restrict the repurposing of the drugs for other disorders. Therefore, nanotechnological intervention plays a significant role in the treatment of neurological disorders. In this review, we discuss the common cellular and molecular pathophysiologies between AD and type-II DM, the relevance of in vivo models of type II DM in the study of AD, and the repurposing of antidiabetic drugs and the nanodelivery systems of antidiabetic drugs against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Priyadarshini Pradhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Campus-II, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Campus-II, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anindita Behera
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Campus-II, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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2
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Amrati FEZ, Elmadbouh OHM, Chebaibi M, Soufi B, Conte R, Slighoua M, Saleh A, Al Kamaly O, Drioiche A, Zair T, Edderkaoui M, Bousta D. Evaluation of the toxicity of Caralluma europaea ( C.E) extracts and their effects on apoptosis and chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8517-8534. [PMID: 36271642 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2135595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a disease with no effective treatment. Chemo-resistance contributes to the dismal prognosis for patients diagnosed with the disease. This study aims to evaluate the toxicity and the effect of Caralluma europaea (C.E) extracts on cancer cell survival, apoptosis, chemo-resistance, and pro-cancer pathways, in pancreatic cancer. The acute and subacute toxicities of C.E extracts were evaluated. The cytotoxic effect on pancreatic cancer cell survival and apoptosis was determined by MTT assay and DNA fragmentation. The expression of cancer stemness markers was measured using Western blot. A molecular docking was used to test the possible effects of C.E compounds in inhibiting the Hedgehog and activating caspase-3. The hydroethanolic extract's DL50 was over 5000 mg/kg. During the subacute toxicity, only saponins extract showed some hepatic toxicity signs. Cells treated with C.E extracts combined with gemcitabine revealed an additive anti-survival activity. C.E extracts sensitized resistant MIA-PaCa-2 to gemcitabine treatment. Most of the C.E extracts downregulated the expression of cancer stemness-associated genes. Luteolin-7-O-glucoside presented the highest docking Gscore on human Smoothened. Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside induced apoptosis via activation of caspase-3. C.E extracts can be considered safe in inhibiting pancreatic cancer cell survival, inducing apoptosis, and sensitizing cells to chemotherapy via Hedgehog inhibition and caspase-3 activation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ez-Zahra Amrati
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Omer Hany Miligy Elmadbouh
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed Chebaibi
- Biomedical and Translational Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Fez, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco
| | - Badr Soufi
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Raffaele Conte
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Meryem Slighoua
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omkulthom Al Kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aziz Drioiche
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources. Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Touria Zair
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources. Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dalila Bousta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Waataja JJ, Asp AJ, Billington CJ. Combining Celiac and Hepatic Vagus Nerve Neuromodulation Reverses Glucose Intolerance and Improves Glycemic Control in Pre- and Overt-Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2452. [PMID: 37760895 PMCID: PMC10525327 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are deeply intertwined. For example, autonomic neuropathy contributes to the development of T2DM and continued unmanaged T2DM causes further progression of nerve damage. Increasing glycemic control has been shown to prevent the onset and progression of diabetic autonomic neuropathies. Neuromodulation consisting of combined stimulation of celiac vagal fibers innervating the pancreas with concurrent electrical blockade of neuronal hepatic vagal fibers innervating the liver has been shown to increase glycemic control in animal models of T2DM. The present study demonstrated that the neuromodulation reversed glucose intolerance in alloxan-treated swine in both pre- and overt stages of T2DM. This was demonstrated by improved performance on oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), as assessed by area under the curve (AUC). In prediabetic swine (fasting plasma glucose (FPG) range: 101-119 mg/dL) the median AUC decreased from 31.9 AUs (IQR = 28.6, 35.5) to 15.9 AUs (IQR = 15.1, 18.3) p = 0.004. In diabetic swine (FPG range: 133-207 mg/dL) the median AUC decreased from 54.2 AUs (IQR = 41.5, 56.6) to 16.0 AUs (IQR = 15.4, 21.5) p = 0.003. This neuromodulation technique may offer a new treatment for T2DM and reverse glycemic dysregulation at multiple states of T2DM involved in diabetic neuropathy including at its development and during progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anders J. Asp
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55605, USA
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Naik K, Singh P, Yadav M, Srivastava SK, Tripathi S, Ranjan R, Dhar P, Verma AK, Chaudhary S, Parmar AS. 3D printable, injectable amyloid-based composite hydrogel of bovine serum albumin and aloe vera for rapid diabetic wound healing. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8142-8158. [PMID: 37431285 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01151h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based biomaterials, particularly amyloids, have sparked considerable scientific interest in recent years due to their exceptional mechanical strength, excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. In this work, we have synthesized a novel amyloid-based composite hydrogel consisting of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and aloe vera (AV) gel to utilize the medicinal properties of the AV gel and circumvent its mechanical frangibility. The synthesized composite hydrogel demonstrated an excellent porous structure, self-fluorescence, non-toxicity, and controlled rheological properties. Moreover, this hydrogel possesses inherent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, which accelerate the rapid healing of wounds. The in vitro wound healing capabilities of the synthesized composite hydrogel were evaluated using 3T3 fibroblast cells. Moreover, the efficacy of the hydrogel in accelerating chronic wound healing via collagen crosslinking was investigated through in vivo experiments using a diabetic mouse skin model. The findings indicate that the composite hydrogel, when applied, promotes wound healing by inducing collagen deposition and upregulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. We also demonstrate the feasibility of the 3D printing of the BSA-AV hydrogel, which can be tailored to treat various types of wound. The 3D printed hydrogel exhibits excellent shape fidelity and mechanical properties that can be utilized for personalized treatment and rapid chronic wound healing. Taken together, the BSA-AV hydrogel has great potential as a bio-ink in tissue engineering as a dermal substitute for customizable skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Naik
- Biophysics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Nanobiotech Lab, Kirorimal College, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
| | - Monika Yadav
- Nanobiotech Lab, Kirorimal College, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
| | - Saurabh Kr Srivastava
- Biophysics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Shikha Tripathi
- Biophysics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
| | - Rahul Ranjan
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Prodyut Dhar
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Anita Kamra Verma
- Nanobiotech Lab, Kirorimal College, University of Delhi, 110007, Delhi, India.
| | - Shilpi Chaudhary
- Department of Applied Sciences, Punjab Engineering College (Deemed to be University), Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Avanish Singh Parmar
- Biophysics and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India
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5
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Gourich AA, Touijer H, Drioiche A, Asbabou A, Remok F, Saidi S, Siddique F, Ailli A, Bourhia M, Salamatullah AM, Ouahmane L, Mouradi A, Eto B, Zair T. Insight into biological activities of chemically characterized extract from Marrubium vulgare L. in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. Front Chem 2023; 11:1238346. [PMID: 37663139 PMCID: PMC10470090 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1238346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of Marrubium vulgare L. (M. vulgare) are widely used in traditional medicine for their therapeutic effects. Hence, this study aims to evaluate in vitro, in vivo, and in silico the biological activities of M. vulgare aqueous extract to further support their traditional use. Qualitative phytochemical tests of M. vulgare extracts showed the presence of primary and secondary metabolites, while quantitative analyses recorded revealed the contents of total phenols, flavonoids, and tannins, with values of 488.432 ± 7.825 mg/EAG gallic acid extract/g, 25.5326 ± 1.317 mg/EQ Quercetin extract/g and 23.966 ± 0.187 mg/EC catechin extract/g, respectively. Characterization of the phytochemical constituents of the extract revealed the presence of catechin and maleic acid as the most abundant while the evaluation of the antioxidant power revealed that the extract possesses significant antioxidant capacity, antimitotic potential, and antimicrobial properties against Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus epidermidis among many others. The antidiabetic activity of the extract showed a potent antihyperglycemic effect and a significant modulation of the pancreatic α-amylase activity as revealed by both in vitro and in vivo analysis, while an in silico evaluation showed that chemicals in the studied extract exhibited the aforementioned activities by targeting 1XO2 antimitotic protein, W93 antidiabetic protein and 1AJ6 antimicrobial protein, which revealed them as worthy of exploration in drug discovery odyssey. Conclusively, the result of this study demonstrates the numerous biological activities of M. vulgare and gives credence to their folkloric and traditional usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Allah Gourich
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hanane Touijer
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Aziz Drioiche
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Asbabou
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Firdaous Remok
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Soukaina Saidi
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Farhan Siddique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Atika Ailli
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lahcen Ouahmane
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment (BioMAgE), Labeled Research Unit-CNRSTN 4, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Aicha Mouradi
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Bruno Eto
- Laboratoires TBC, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Touriya Zair
- Laboratory of Innovative Materials and Biotechnology of Natural Resources, Research Team of Chemistry of Bioactive Molecules and the Environment, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismaïl University, Meknes, Morocco
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Samiry I, Pinon A, Limami Y, Rais S, Zaid Y, Oudghiri M, Liagre B, Mtairag EM. Antitumoral activity of Caralluma europaea on colorectal and prostate cancer cell lines. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:230-240. [PMID: 36879544 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2181898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Caralluma europaea is a medicinal plant used in Moroccan popular medicine, which has been employed as a remedy attributed to its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antinociceptive, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and antiparasitic properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor activity of both the methanolic and aqueous extract of C. europaea. The effects of increasing concentrations of aqueous and methanolic extracts on human colorectal cancer HT-29 and HCT116 cell lines and human prostate cancer PC3 and DU145 cell lines were examined on cell proliferation using MTT assay and cell cycle analysis. The induction of apoptosis was also assessed by determining protein expression of caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage by western blot. The methanolic extract of C. europaea exerted significant antiproliferative effects on HT-29 (IC50 values 73 µg/ml), HCT116 (IC50 values 67 µg/ml), PC3 (IC50 values 63 µg/ml) and DU145 cells (IC50 values 65 µg/ml) after 48 hr treatment. Further, incubation with methanolic extract of C. europaea induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase and an apoptotic process for all treated cell lines. In conclusion, the present results suggest that C. europaea, exhibited that these natural compounds are significant apoptosis inducers which may have considerable potential for development of effective natural product anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inass Samiry
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aline Pinon
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Youness Limami
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Samira Rais
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Younes Zaid
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mounia Oudghiri
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Univ. Limoges, LABCiS, UR 22722, Faculté de Pharmacie, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - El Mostafa Mtairag
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biodiversity, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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Rodent Models of Diabetic Retinopathy as a Useful Research Tool to Study Neurovascular Cross-Talk. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12020262. [PMID: 36829539 PMCID: PMC9952991 DOI: 10.3390/biology12020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases leading to dysfunction of various organs, including ocular complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). Nowadays, DR treatments involve invasive options and are applied at the sight-threatening stages of DR. It is important to investigate noninvasive or pharmacological methods enabling the disease to be controlled at the early stage or to prevent ocular complications. Animal models are useful in DR laboratory practice, and this review is dedicated to them. The first part describes the characteristics of the most commonly used genetic rodent models in DR research. The second part focuses on the main chemically induced models. The authors pay particular attention to the streptozotocin model. Moreover, this section is enriched with practical aspects and contains the current protocols used in research in the last three years. Both parts include suggestions on which aspect of DR can be tested using a given model and the disadvantages of each model. Although animal models show huge variability, they are still an important and irreplaceable research tool. Note that the choice of a research model should be thoroughly considered and dependent on the aspect of the disease to be analyzed.
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Mango "Ataulfo" Peel Extract Improves Metabolic Dysregulation in Prediabetic Wistar Rats. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040532. [PMID: 35455025 PMCID: PMC9027361 DOI: 10.3390/life12040532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoglycemic effect of functional phytochemicals has been evaluated in diabetic rodents but scarcely in its premorbid condition (prediabetes; PD). This study aimed to evaluate a mango (cv. Ataulfo) peel hydroethanolic (20:80) extract (MPE) for in vivo glycemic/lipidemic-normalizing effect and in vitro enzyme inhibitory (α-amylase/α-glucosidase) activity. The polyphenolic MPE (138 mg EAG.g−1, mainly gallic acid and mangiferin) with antioxidant capacity (DPPH• 34 mgTE.g−1) was fed to PD rats (induction: high-fat diet (60% energy) + single dose streptozotocin (35 mg·kg−1), 4 weeks). At the 8th week, fasting glycemia (FG), oral glucose tolerance test, and insulin sensitivity indexes (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β) > blood lipid-normalizing effect were documented as healthy controls > MPE > disease (PD) controls, which was possibly related to the extract’s concentration−response in vitro enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 ≈ 0.085 mg·mL−1). MPE is a rich source of glucose-lowering phytochemicals for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Kaur R, Sood A, Lang DK, Arora R, Kumar N, Diwan V, Saini B. Natural Products as Sources of Multitarget Compounds: Advances in the Development of Ferulic Acid as Multitarget Therapeutic. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:347-365. [PMID: 35040403 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220117105740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nature has provided therapeutic substances for millennia, with many valuable medications derived from plant sources. Multitarget drugs become essential in the management of various disorders including hepatic disorders, neurological disorders, diabetes, and carcinomas. Ferulic acid is a significant potential therapeutic agent, which is easily available at low cost, possesses a low toxicity profile, and has minimum side effects. Ferulic acid exhibits various therapeutic actions by modulation of various signal transduction pathways such as Nrf2, p38, and mTOR. The actions exhibited by ferulic acid include anti-apoptosis, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticarcinogenic, hepatoprotection, cardioprotection, activation of transcriptional factors, expression of genes, regulation of enzyme activity, and neuroprotection, which further help in treating various pathophysiological conditions such as cancer, skin diseases, brain disorders, diabetes, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, hypoxia, hepatic disorders, H1N1 flu, and viral infections. The current review focuses on the significance of natural products as sources of multitarget compounds and a primary focus has been made on ferulic acid and its mechanism, role, and protective action in various ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajwinder Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ankita Sood
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Rashmi Arora
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Vishal Diwan
- Centre for Chronic Disease, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Balraj Saini
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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In Vitro Antioxidant Properties, Glucose-Diffusion Effects, α-Amylase Inhibitory Activity, and Antidiabetogenic Effects of C. Europaea Extracts in Experimental Animals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111747. [PMID: 34829618 PMCID: PMC8614910 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Caralluma europaea (Guss.) N.E.Br. (C. europaea), is a medicinal plant used traditionally to treat diabetes mellitus (DM) in Morocco. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro antioxidant properties, glucose diffusion effects, α-amylase inhibitory activity, and pancreatic protective effects of C. europaea in experimental alloxan-induced diabetes in mice. Total phenolic contents were determined by Folin–Ciocalteu colorimetric method, total flavonoid contents were measured by aluminum chloride colorimetric assay, and tannins contents were determined by employing the vanillin method. C. europaea ethyl acetate fraction exhibited high antioxidant potential in terms of radical scavenging (DPPH) (IC50 = 0.22 ± 0.01 mg/mL), β-carotene bleaching activity (IC50 = 1.153 ± 0.07 mg/mL), and Ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Glucose diffusion was significantly inhibited by the ethyl acetate fraction at 60,120and 180 min, while the aqueous extract did not have this inhibitory effect when compared with the control group. Potent α-amylase inhibitory activity was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction and the aqueous extract in vitro and in vivo using STZ-diabetic rats. On the other hand, the administration of the ethyl acetate fraction (60 mg/kg) significantly attenuated alloxan-induced death and hyperglycemia in treated mice. Furthermore, histopathological investigations revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction protected islets of Langerhans against alloxan-induced tissue alterations. These results suggest that C. europaea exhibited an important antihyperglycemic effect via the inhibition of glucose diffusion and pancreatic α-amylase activity. In addition, the antidiabetogenic effect of C. europaea might be attributed to their polyphenol and flavonoid compounds, which could be reacted alone, or in synergy, to scavenge the free radicals produced by the alloxan.
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Development and Evaluation of the Wound Healing Effect of a Novel Topical Cream Formula Based on Ginkgo biloba Extract on Wounds in Diabetic Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6474706. [PMID: 34692837 PMCID: PMC8528584 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6474706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in diabetes care, impaired diabetic wound healing remains a significant clinical problem. The present study was aimed at developing a novel cream based on Ginkgo biloba extract and investigating its wound healing effect on full-thickness wounds in diabetic rats. The topical formulated oil-in-water emulsion-based cream contains Ginkgo biloba aqueous extract in an amount of about 1% to 5% as an active agent. The prepared formula was subjected to physicochemical assessment and pharmacotechnical characterization. Eighteen alloxan-induced diabetic rats completing full-thickness excisional skin wounds were randomly divided into three groups topically treated with either a normal saline (control group), the reference drug (“Cytol Centella cream®”), and cream based on the Ginkgo biloba extract. The response to treatment was assessed by macroscopic, qualitative, and quantitative histopathological analysis. The prepared formula showed good physicochemical properties. The rheological behavior of the prepared cream followed a non-Newtonian pseudoplastic pattern at different storage temperatures. The cream, which is a macroemulsion with uniform size distribution, remained stable for 6 months. Skin tolerance studies confirmed the compatibility of the cream with the skin. During the experimental trial, the cream based on the Ginkgo biloba-treated group showed significant improvements over the control and reference groups for both general wound appearance and healing dynamics. This increased rate of closure of wounds in diabetic rats was associated with increased collagen synthesis. Our findings showed that the cream could be a promising and innovative topical treatment with Ginkgo biloba extract for the management of acute diabetic wounds.
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Moroccan antidiabetic medicinal plants: Ethnobotanical studies, phytochemical bioactive compounds, preclinical investigations, toxicological validations and clinical evidences; challenges, guidance and perspectives for future management of diabetes worldwide. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Teixeira da Silva JA. Eszett (ẞ; ß)-carotene is an erroneous, non-existent false positive of beta (β)-carotene. Nutrition 2021; 91-92:111398. [PMID: 34399398 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There are several isomers of carotene, the main ones being alpha and beta carotene (i.e., α-carotene and β-carotene). The latter serves as a precursor for vitamin A, and is thus a well-studied carotenoid in health, food, and nutrition research. A German special character, the Eszett (uppercase or capital ẞ; lowercase ß), has been confused with the Greek, lowercase beta (β) in some papers in the biomedical literature, and when the lowercase Eszett is written in italics, it looks even more similar to the Greek letter beta. Curiously, this linguistic error has given rise to a "new" form of carotene, Eszett (ß)-carotene, which does not exist. A search on PubMed, Elsevier's sciencedirect.com, and Springer Nature's SpringerLink platforms reveals that there are potentially dozens, if not hundreds of cases or more of this false-positive carotene "isomer," which was supposed to represent β-carotene, but has, through a typographic error, represented a "new" and non-existent form of carotene, ß-carotene. This clearly represents erroneous literature that needs correction.
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Ouassou H, Bouhrim M, Kharchoufa L, Imtara H, Daoudi NE, Benoutman A, Bencheikh N, Ouahhoud S, Elbouzidi A, Bnouham M. Caralluma europaea (Guss) N.E.Br.: A review on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113769. [PMID: 33412248 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Caralluma europaea (Guss) N.E.Br. (Apocynaceae), is a medicinal plant distributed in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Egypt, Jordan, Spain, and Italy. The different parts of the plant are used traditionally to treat various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, flu, caught, kidney stones, cysts, respiratory infection, cancer, digestives disorders, urogenital infections, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular problems. AIM OF THE REVIEW In this review, previous reports on C. europaea concerning its morphological description, geographical distribution, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and toxicological studies were critically summarized. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic review of the literature on C. europaea was performed by searching the scientific databases Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. RESULTS In traditional medicine, C. europaea used to treat several illnesses including diabetes, cancer, and kidney stones. Our analysis of the previous reports confirmed the scientific evidence of C. europaea ethnomedicinal uses, especially the antidiabetic activity. However, there was no clear correlation between previous pharmacological reports on C. europaea and its other ethnomedicinal uses in the treatment of kidney stones, flu, caught, metabolic, digestive, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. The essential oils and extracts of C. europaea exhibited several in vitro and in vivo pharmacological properties such as antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-proliferative, antibacterial, antimicrobial, toxicological, and immunomodulatory effects. Phytochemical characterization of C. europaea revealed the presence of several classes of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, polyphenols, and flavonoids compounds. Finally, the food preservative ability of the extracts and essential oil obtained from C. europaea has been fully discussed. CONCLUSION Ethnomedicinal surveys indicated the use of C. europaea for the treatment of numerous diseases. Pharmacological reports showed that C. europaea exhibited significant antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-proliferative, antibacterial, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects. Further studies on the phytochemistry of bioactive compounds should be performed by using bioactivity-guided isolation strategy and improve their biological potency as well as scientific exploitation of traditional uses. An in-depth investigation is needed to valid the food preservative properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Ouassou
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Mohammed First University, Faculty of Sciences, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Bouhrim
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Mohammed First University, Faculty of Sciences, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Loubna Kharchoufa
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Mohammed First University, Faculty of Sciences, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Hamada Imtara
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Arab American University Palestine, P. O. Box 240, Jenin, Palestine.
| | - Nour Elhouda Daoudi
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Mohammed First University, Faculty of Sciences, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Amina Benoutman
- Laboratory of Biology, Environment, and Sustainable Development, Higher Normal School, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco.
| | - Noureddine Bencheikh
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Mohammed First University, Faculty of Sciences, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Saber Ouahhoud
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, Mohammed First University, Faculty of Sciences, Oujda, Morocco.
| | - Amine Elbouzidi
- Faculty of Sciences, Mohamed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI BP 717, Oujda, 60000, Morocco.
| | - Mohamed Bnouham
- Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Mohammed First University, Faculty of Sciences, Oujda, Morocco.
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Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Caralluma europaea Stem Extract against CCl 4-Induced Hepatic Damage in Wistar Rats. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:8883040. [PMID: 33506211 PMCID: PMC7810557 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8883040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of stem aqueous extract of Caralluma europaea (AECe) on carbon tetrachloride- (CCl4-) induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats. The animals were daily treated with the aqueous extract of C. europaea at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. CCl4 was injected (1 ml/kg, i.p.) two times, on the 7th and 14th days. At the end of the experimental period, all rats were anesthetized to collect blood for the assessment of biochemical parameters and then sacrificed to collect the liver for weighing. Hepatotoxicity was evaluated by measuring the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin (total and direct), malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein (TP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL-c ), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), urea, creatinine, and uric acid. Based on the results obtained in this study, the administration of C. europaea before exposure to the administration of CCl4 conferred favorable hepatoprotective effect in rats. The treatment with AECe (250 mg/kg) exhibits a significant hepatoprotective effect by ameliorating CCl4-induced alterations of these biochemical parameters. Hence, C. europaea could be a potential medicinal herb that can be used in the future to prevent liver intoxication.
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Amrati FEZ, Bourhia M, Saghrouchni H, Slighoua M, Grafov A, Ullah R, Ezzeldin E, Mostafa GA, Bari A, Ibenmoussa S, Bousta D. Caralluma europaea (Guss.) N.E.Br.: Anti-Inflammatory, Antifungal, and Antibacterial Activities against Nosocomial Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes of Chemically Characterized Fractions. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030636. [PMID: 33530597 PMCID: PMC7865290 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Caralluma europaea (Guss.) N.E.Br.: (C. europaea) is a wild medicinal plant belonging to the family Apocynaceae. It is commonly used in traditional medicines for treating several diseases. The present work aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal potentials of C. europaea fractions including hydro ethanol (ET CE), n-butanol (But CE), and polyphenol (Poly CE). The chemical composition of hydroethanol, n-butanol, and polyphenol-rich fractions from C. europaea were determined using GC-MS after silylation. The anti-inflammatory effect of hydroethanol, n-butanol, and polyphenol-rich fractions was studied by carrageenan-induced paw edema. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of hydroethanol, n-butanol, and polyphenol-rich fractions against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and yeasts were assessed using the disc diffusion and micro-dilution assays. The findings of the chemical characterization affirmed the presence of interesting bioactive compounds in C. europaea fractions. The polyphenol-rich fraction was the best inhibitor of edema by75.68% after 6 h of treatment. The hydroethanol fraction was the most active against both bacteria and yeasts. This study contributes to society as it provides potential bioactive compounds in C. europaea extract, which may help in fighting nosocomial antibiotic-resistant microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Ez-Zahra Amrati
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.S.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (F.E.-Z.A.); (M.B.); (R.U.)
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Environment, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
- Correspondence: (F.E.-Z.A.); (M.B.); (R.U.)
| | - Hamza Saghrouchni
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana 01170, Turkey;
| | - Meryem Slighoua
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.S.); (D.B.)
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Helsinki University, 00100 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy (MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (F.E.-Z.A.); (M.B.); (R.U.)
| | - Essam Ezzeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (G.A.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Gamal A. Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (G.A.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (E.E.); (G.A.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Samir Ibenmoussa
- Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Nutrition, and Environment, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Hassan II, Casablanca 20000, Morocco;
| | - Dalila Bousta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Health, Agrofood and Environment (LBEAS), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.S.); (D.B.)
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Protective Effect of Chemically Characterized Polyphenol-Rich Fraction from Apteranthes europaea (Guss.) Murb. subsp. maroccana (Hook.f.) Plowes on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apteranthes europaea (Guss.) Murb. subsp. maroccana (Hook.f.) Plowes (A. europaea) is a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicines to treat various diseases including hepatic pathogenesis. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of chemically characterized polyphenol-rich fraction from A. europaea on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in mice. The chemical characterization of A. europaea polyphenol-rich fraction was carried out using HPLC-DAD (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode-array detector (DAD)). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce liver injuries in mice as described in previous works. A polyphenol-rich fraction from A. europaea was used at a dose of 50 mg/Kg to study its hepatoprotective effect. Next, histopathological and biochemical alterations were investigated. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds: gallic acid, methyl gallate, rutin, ferulic acid, and resorcinol. Regarding the mice treated with a polyphenol-rich fraction from A. europaea up to 50 mg/Kg and carbon tetrachloride, no significant biochemical nor histological alterations occurred in their liver; meanwhile, serious biochemical and histopathological changes were noted for liver recovered from the mice treated with carbon tetrachloride only. In conclusion, A. europaea extract is a promising source of hepatoprotective agents against toxic liver injury.
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Tariq M, Tahir HM, Butt SA, Ali S, Ahmad AB, Raza C, Summer M, Hassan A, Nadeem J. Silk derived formulations for accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10232. [PMID: 33510964 PMCID: PMC7798629 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to prepare effective silk derived formulations in combination with plant extract (Aloe vera gel) to speed up the wound healing process in diabetic mice. METHODS Diabetes was induced in albino mice by using alloxan monohydrate. After successful induction of diabetes in mice, excision wounds were created via biopsy puncture (6 mm). Wound healing effect of silk sericin (5%) and silk fibroin (5%) individually and in combination with 5% Aloe vera gel was evaluated by determining the percent wound contraction, healing time and histological analysis. RESULTS The results indicated that the best biocompatible silk combination was of 5% silk fibroin and 5% Aloe vera gel in which wounds were healed in 13 days with wound contraction: 98.33 ± 0.80%. In contrast, the wound of the control group (polyfax) healed in 19 day shaving 98.5 ± 0.67% contraction. Histological analysis revealed that the wounds which were treated with silk formulations exhibited an increased growth of blood vessels, collagen fibers, and much reduced inflammation. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that a combination of Bombyx mori silk and Aloe vera gel is a natural biomaterial that can be utilized in wound dressings and to prepare more innovative silk based formulations for speedy recovery of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muniba Tariq
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Samima Asad Butt
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asma Bashir Ahmad
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Chand Raza
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Summer
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ali Hassan
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Nadeem
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Kumar S, Mittal A, Babu D, Mittal A. Herbal Medicines for Diabetes Management and its Secondary Complications. Curr Diabetes Rev 2021; 17:437-456. [PMID: 33143632 DOI: 10.2174/1573399816666201103143225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is concerning for people all over the world. DM is caused due to lack of insulin or ineffective production of insulin in the pancreas. A total of 463 million people were reported to have diabetes mellitus in 2019 and this number is predicted to rise up to 578 million by the year 2030 and 700 million by 2045. High blood sugar gives rise to many complications like diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, atherosclerosis, hypercoagulability, cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease, foot damage, skin complications, Alzheimer's disease, hearing impairment, and depression. These life-threatening complications make diabetes more severe than other diseases. Many synthetic drugs have been developed, but still, a complete cure is not provided by any of the molecules. Continuous use of some synthetic agents causes severe side effects, and thus the demand for non-toxic, affordable drugs still persists. Traditional treatments have been an extremely valued source of medicine all over human history. These are extensively used throughout the world, indicating that herbs are a growing part of modern and high-tech medicines. The World Health Organization (WHO) has listed a total of 21,000 plants, which are used for medicinal purposes around the world. Among them, more than 400 plants are available for the treatment of diabetes. Despite the fact that there are many herbal drugs available for treating diabetes, only a small number of these plants have undergone scientific and medical evaluation to assess their efficacy. Trigonella foenum-graecum, Allium sativum, Caesalpinia bonduc, Ferula assafoetida,etc., are some of the medicinal plants used for antidiabetic therapy. The presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, terpenoids, and coumarins is responsible for the antidiabetic nature of the medicinal plants. These constituents have shown a reduction in blood glucose levels. Pycnogenol, acarbose, miglitol, and voglibose are some of the examples of marketed drugs, which are obtained from natural origin and used as antidiabetic drugs. The active principles derived from the plants work through many antidiabetic mechanisms, which include inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activities. One of the major advantages of herbal drugs is the low level of side effects attributed to these medicines, and this attracted various researchers to develop new molecules for the treatment of diabetes. In this review, recent advances in the field of herbal drugs to treat diabetes, prevent secondary complications from arising due to diabetes, and various herbal molecules in different stages of clinical trials will be emphasized upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PCTE Group of Institutes, Campus-2, Near Baddowal Cantt. Ferozepur Road, Ludhiana-142021, India
| | - Anu Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University College, Patti, Distt. Tarn Taran, India
| | - Dinesh Babu
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Amit Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara (Punjab) 144411, India
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Bounegru AV, Apetrei C. Development of a Novel Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Carbon Nanofibers-Gold Nanoparticles-Tyrosinase for the Detection of Ferulic Acid in Cosmetics. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6724. [PMID: 33255463 PMCID: PMC7727797 DOI: 10.3390/s20236724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The present paper deals with the electrochemical behavior of three types of sensors based on modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs): a sensor based on carbon nanofibers (CNF/SPE), a sensor based on nanofibers of carbon modified with gold nanoparticles (CNF-GNP/SPE) and a biosensor based on nanofibers of carbon modified with gold nanoparticles and tyrosinase (CNF-GNP-Ty/SPE). To prepare the biosensor, the tyrosinase (Ty) was immobilized on the surface of the electrode already modified with carbon nanofibers and gold nanoparticles, by the drop-and-dry technique. The electrochemical properties of the three electrodes were studied by cyclic voltammetry in electroactive solutions, and the position and shape of the active redox peaks are according to the nature of the materials modifying the electrodes. In the case of ferulic acid, a series of characteristic peaks were observed, the processes being more intense for the biosensor, with the higher sensitivity and selectivity being due to the immobilization of tyrosinase, a specific enzyme for phenolic compounds. The calibration curve was subsequently created using CNF-GNP-Ty/SPE in ferulic acid solutions of various concentrations in the range 0.1-129.6 μM. This new biosensor allowed low values of the detection threshold and quantification limit, 2.89 × 10-9 mol·L-1 and 9.64 × 10-9 mol·L-1, respectively, which shows that the electroanalytical method is feasible for quantifying ferulic acid in real samples. The ferulic acid was quantitatively determined in three cosmetic products by means of the CNF-GNP-Ty/SPE biosensor. The results obtained were validated by means of the spectrometric method in the infrared range, the differences between the values of the ferulic acid concentrations obtained by the two methods being under 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Constantin Apetrei
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 47 Domnească Street, 800008 Galaţi, Romania;
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The Great Healing Potential Hidden in Plant Preparations of Antioxidant Properties: A Return to Nature? OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8163868. [PMID: 33101592 PMCID: PMC7569450 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8163868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of chemicals in industry and agriculture has contributed to environmental pollution and exposure of living organisms to harmful factors. The development of new pharmaceutical agents enabled successful therapy of various diseases, but their administration may be connected with side effects. Oxidative stress has been found to be involved into etiology of numerous diseases as well as harmful action of drugs and chemicals. For some time, plant origin substances have been studied as potential protective agents alleviating toxicity of various substances and symptoms of diseases. The aim of the current review was to present the diversity of the research performed during the last five years on animal models. The outcomes showed a huge protective potential inherent in plant preparations, including alleviating prooxidative processes, strengthening antioxidant defence, ameliorating immune parameters, and reversing histopathological changes. In many cases, plant origin substances were proved to be comparable or even better than standard drugs. Such findings let us suggest that in the future the plant preparations could make adjuvants or a replacement for pharmaceutical agents. However, the detailed research regarding dose and way of administration as well as the per se effects needs to be performed. In many studies, the last issue was not studied, and in some cases, the deleterious effects have been observed.
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Hossain MJ, Sultan MZ, Rashid MA, Kuddus MR. Does Rabeprazole Sodium Alleviate the Anti-diabetic Activity of Linagliptin? Drug-Drug Interaction Analysis by In vitro and In vivo Methods. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2020; 70:519-527. [PMID: 32916741 DOI: 10.1055/a-1233-3371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug interaction has turned into the preeminent regarding issues for a prescriber during polypharmacy. The foremost objective of this research was to form a complex between linagliptin and rabeprazole sodium by in vitro interactions. The interactions between the drugs have been examined by monitoring some chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses viz. TLC, HPLC, FT-IR, UV, Job's plot, conductometric titrations, and Ardon's spectrophotometric strategy. Rabeprazole sodium formed a stable complex with linagliptin, which was ensured from the insight of these analytical data. The developed complex's bright spot was clearly watched in the TLC plate. The retention time (Rt) of the formed complex was 5.303 min, where the Rt were 3.364 and 3.103 min for linagliptin and rabeprazole sodium, respectively, in HPLC chromatograms. In FT-IR and UV spectra of the formed complex revealed some disappearance of characteristic peaks that affirmed the complexation. All of the variations of the spectrophotometric and chromatographic properties from the antecedent drugs indicated the drug-drug interaction. Another crucial fact for the experimental aim was to affirm the assumed drug interaction by in vivo model examination. The assessment of anti-diabetic property on alloxan-induced Swiss albino mice proved significant in vivo interaction between the drugs. It was outlined from the animal study that the hypoglycemic activity of linagliptin might be significantly affected due to the complex formation of the drug with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Nonetheless, it is the primary outcome of the interaction, which recommends the bigger in vivo study or clinical monitoring on the human model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zakir Sultan
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad A Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ruhul Kuddus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Effects of Compound Active Peptides on Protecting Liver and Intestinal Epithelial Cells from Damages and Preventing Hyperglycemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3183104. [PMID: 32318237 PMCID: PMC7157784 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3183104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Active peptides have good effectiveness in controlling or preventing many diseases. Compound active peptides (CAP) obtained from animal, plant, and sea food proteins were used in this study to explore their effects on antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and antihyperglycemia in vitro and in vivo. The results demonstrated that 10 μg/mL CAP could increase cell viability (P < 0.05) and decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and cell apoptosis (P < 0.05) when WRL68 cells were induced by H2O2 for 6 h. Moreover, incubation with 20 μg/mL CAP for 6 h significantly increased cell viability and Bcl-2 expression level (P < 0.05) and decreased expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, Bax, and Caspase 3 and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 (P < 0.05) when swine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were induced by deoxynivalenol (DON). In addition, adding CAP individually or combined with Liuweidihuang pills (LDP, Chinese medicine) and low-dose glibenclamide could lower blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic model mice. These results suggested that CAP was probably a beneficial ingredient for alleviating H2O2-induced oxidative stress and DON-induced cell inflammation and apoptosis and preventing hyperglycemia.
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Liu L, Pan Y, Hu Y, Yang P, Liao M. Protective and therapeutic effects of nanoliposomal quercetin on acute liver injury in rats. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 21:11. [PMID: 32059743 PMCID: PMC7023747 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-020-0388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quercetin, a pigment (flavonoid) found in many plants and foods, has good effects on protecting liver function but poor solubility and bioavailability in vivo. A drug delivery system can improve the accumulation and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. In this study, we used liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin and evaluated its protective and therapeutic effects on drug-induced liver injury in rats. METHODS The nanoliposomal quercetin was prepared by a thin film evaporation-high pressure homogenization method and characterized by morphology, particle size and drug content. Acute liver injury was induced in rats by composite factors, including carbon tetrachloride injection, high-fat corn powder intake and ethanol drinking. After pure quercetin or nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, liver function was evaluated by detecting serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxal acetic transaminase (GOT) and direct bilirubin (DBIL). Histology of injured liver tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. RESULTS On histology, liposomal nanoparticles loading quercetin were evenly distributed spherical particles. The nanoliposomal quercetin showed high bioactivity and bioavailability in rat liver and markedly attenuated the liver index and pathologic changes in injured liver tissue. With nanoliposomal quercetin treatment, the serum levels of GPT, GOT and DBIL were significantly better than treated with pure quercetin. Using liposomal nanoparticles to entrap quercetin might be an effective strategy to reduce hepatic injury and protect hepatocytes against damage. CONCLUSION Liposomal nanoparticles may improve the solubility and bioavailability of quercetin in liver. Furthermore, nanoliposomal quercetin could effectively protect rats against acute liver injury and may be a new hepatoprotective and therapeutic agent for patients with liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hu
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingmei Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nanobiological Technology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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Prasannaraja C, Kamalanathan AS, Vijayalakshmi MA, Venkataraman K. A dipyrrole derivative from Aloe vera inhibits an anti-diabetic drug target Dipeptidyl Peptidase (DPP)-IV in vitro. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 50:511-520. [PMID: 31910723 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1710712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aloe vera, a succulent herb, has a long history of use in traditional medicine, including diabetes. Earlier studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the Aloe vera extract has the ability to inhibit the diabetic drug target dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV in vitro. This current study focuses on the isolation of small water soluble active molecule(s) involved in DPP-IV inhibition from Aloe vera extract, and further to characterize its structure and to elucidate the mode of inhibition of the DPP-IV enzyme. Aloe vera gel ethanolic extract was subjected to preparative reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), LH-20 Sephadex gel filtration chromatography, followed by analytical RP-HPLC, to isolate the active molecule involved in DPP-IV inhibition. Based on the spectroscopic studies, the structure of the isolated DPP-IV inhibitor was predicted to be 3, 6-dioxo-3, 3a, 6, 6 a-tetrahydropyrrolo [3, 4-c] pyrrole-1, 4-dicarboxamide with the chemical formula C8H6N4O4, having the molecular weight of 225.175 Da. This molecule inhibited the DPP-IV enzyme in a noncompetitive manner with an IC50 value of 8.59 ± 2.61 µM, with a Ki of 4.7 ± 0.038 µM. Thus, the mechanism of DPP-IV inhibition and the inhibitory constants were determined. The results of our studies suggested that the inhibition of the DPP-IV enzyme as one of the pathways by which the Aloe vera extract may restore the pancreatic islets cell mass in diabetic animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Prasannaraja
- Centre for Bio Separation Technology (CBST), VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - A S Kamalanathan
- Centre for Bio Separation Technology (CBST), VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - M A Vijayalakshmi
- Centre for Bio Separation Technology (CBST), VIT University, Vellore, India
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Khursheed R, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Kapoor B, Gulati M, Kumar R, Ramanunny AK, Awasthi A, Dua K. Treatment strategies against diabetes: Success so far and challenges ahead. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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