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Omer AAA, Bin Dayel SA, Hummedi ASA, Almuhaimed NIA. The epidemiological and clinicopathological features of breast cancer in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2024; 45:288-294. [PMID: 38438204 PMCID: PMC11115392 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.3.20230656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the epidemiological and clinicopathological features of breast cancer (BC) in Saudi Arabia to improve decisions regarding resource allocation, disease control, and management. METHODS We retrieved the records of all patients who presented with histologically proven BC at King Fahad Medical City between 2019 and 2020. The data were analyzed quantitatively, and the results were expressed as percentages and frequencies. RESULTS This study comprised 419 patients. The mean age was 50.13 (± 10.96) years. The majority of the patients were obese (56.6%), and approximately a quarter had a history of oral contraceptive pill use, breast biopsy, or an affected family member. Most cases were from the central region (80.1%), followed by the southern provinces (12.7%). Breast lumps were the most common complaint (89%), whereas hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbidities. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common pathologic type (89.7%). Most patients presented with TNM stages II and III (55.2%), and 27.7% had metastasis. The main therapeutic modalities included radical mastectomy (63.8%), neoadjuvant chemotherapy (60.4%), and adjuvant radiotherapy (82.9%). CONCLUSION In Saudi Arabia, a trend of BC incidence migration towards older patients may be ensuing. However, prediction of an advanced and aggressive presentation requires the enhancement of screening programs and standardized protocols for disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad AA. Omer
- From the Department of Surgery (Omer) and Department of Medicine (Bin Dayel), Faculty of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj; from the Department of Medical Oncology (Hummedi), King Fahad Medical City; and from the MRI Department (Almuhaimed), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salman A. Bin Dayel
- From the Department of Surgery (Omer) and Department of Medicine (Bin Dayel), Faculty of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj; from the Department of Medical Oncology (Hummedi), King Fahad Medical City; and from the MRI Department (Almuhaimed), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali SA. Hummedi
- From the Department of Surgery (Omer) and Department of Medicine (Bin Dayel), Faculty of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj; from the Department of Medical Oncology (Hummedi), King Fahad Medical City; and from the MRI Department (Almuhaimed), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Noura IA. Almuhaimed
- From the Department of Surgery (Omer) and Department of Medicine (Bin Dayel), Faculty of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj; from the Department of Medical Oncology (Hummedi), King Fahad Medical City; and from the MRI Department (Almuhaimed), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Oikonomou G, Bothou A, Eirini O, Daglas M, Iliadou M, Antoniou E, Palaska E. Breastfeeding and its Association with Breast Cancer: a Systematic Review of the Literature. MAEDICA 2024; 19:106-115. [PMID: 38736915 PMCID: PMC11079727 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2021.19.1.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Objective:Breast cancer is a global public health issue. The disease can be diagnosed in both older and younger women, with the latter facing several dilemmas. Breastfeeding is of general concern to the scientific community as well as its connection with the prevention of breast cancer is being sought. The purpose of this review is to search for studies investigating the relationship between breast cancer and breastfeeding. Material and methods: The articles included in the present paper were searched in PubMed and Scopus databases according to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. This systematic review sought primary studies investigating the relationship between breastfeeding and breast cancer and that were published in English between 2017-2022. Results:Seventeen articles that investigated the relationship of breast cancer with lactation duration, women's age, family history and lifestyle were included in the present review. Conclusion:It was found that, in most studies, breastfeeding could be evaluated as a protective factor of the disease. From all studied articles, the need for the design of additional studies investigating the relationship between breastfeeding and breast cancer emerges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anastasia Bothou
- Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece
| | - Orovou Eirini
- Department of Midwifery, University of Western Macedonia, Ptolemaida, Greece
| | - Maria Daglas
- Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece
| | - Maria Iliadou
- Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece
| | | | - Ermioni Palaska
- Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece
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Ekram SN, Alghamdi G, Elhawary AN, Sembawa HA, Noorwali AA, Sindi IA, Elhawary NA. Prospective Functions of miRNA Variants May Predict Breast Cancer Among Saudi Females. Cureus 2023; 15:e47849. [PMID: 37899898 PMCID: PMC10611986 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growing knowledge supports the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating the initiation and development of breast cancer (BC) and underlying mechanisms. BC is a significant public health in females worldwide, where it remains the leading cause of death among Saudi females. Here, we evaluate the susceptibility of the miRNA genetic variants to the risk of BC in Saudi females. Methods One hundred fifty-four females, including 76 females diagnosed with BC and 78 healthy controls, were analyzed using TaqMan™ (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Waltham, MA) genotyping assays for the miR-196a2 rs11614913 C>T, miR-146a rs2910164 C>G, and miR-499 rs3746444 A>G. We utilized the SNPStats software (https://www.snpstats.net) (Institut Català d'Oncologia, Barcelona, Spain) to choose the best interactive inheritance model for the examined miRNAs. Results The examined miRNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed no clear association with the risk of BC (P > 0.05). As for genotypic distributions, significant associations were found for the rs2910164 SNP in most interactive models of inheritance: 2.50 (95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.2-5.17; P = 0.0135) in the codominant model, 2.34 (95% CI, 1.11-4.8; P = 0.0197) in the dominant model, and 2.40 (95% CI, 1.22-4.73; P = 0.0113) in overdominant model. The rs2910164 C/G heterozygosity showed overexpression in cases compared to controls (73.7% versus 53.9%; chi-squared (χ2) = 6.5; P = 0.0109), but the homozygous rs2910164 G/G showed a significant protective effect (21.1% versus 38.5%; χ2 = 17.4; P = 0.019). The heterozygosity did not affect the risk to the BC in the two miRNAs (rs11614913 C>T and rs3746444 A>G). Conclusion Despite lacking associations with the examined miRNAs, the heterozygous genotype rs2910164 C/G can identify at-risk females. More studies should be replicated using a panel of miRNA genes to discover significant associations with the risk of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar N Ekram
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAU
| | - Ghydaa Alghamdi
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAU
| | - Abdelrahman N Elhawary
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, GBR
| | - Hatem A Sembawa
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAU
| | | | - Ikhlas A Sindi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nasser A Elhawary
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAU
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Gadelkarim Ahmed H, El Hag ABM, Alanazi KK, Alkwai HM, Abdrhman AMA, Hassan AOA, Ginawi IAM, Elasbali AM, Sherfi H. Histopathologic metrics of breast tumors in Northern Saudi Arabia. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2082540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hussain Gadelkarim Ahmed
- College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Histopathology and Cytology, FMLS, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Qurayyat, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Sherfi
- Consultant Gastroenterologist & Hepatologist, Fedail Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
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Kussaibi HA. Correlation of prognostic and predictive indicators in breast cancer patients from the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2021; 42:293-298. [PMID: 33632908 PMCID: PMC7989269 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.3.20200711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To highlight and correlate demographic and histopathological features of breast cancer along with prognostic and predictive biomarkers, in Saudi patients from the Eastern Province and compare it to a cohort of non-Saudi patients. METHODS In a retrospective study between January 1998 and December 2017, data were collected from the medical records of breast cancer patients who were admitted at King Fahd University Hospital (KFHU), Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The information included demographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings. RESULTS Out of 482 breast cancer patients, 60% (n=286) were Saudis, and 40% (n=196) were non-Saudis. Data showed a wide age distribution; however, most cases (80%) were seen in the third through fifth decades, with a median age at diagnosis of 51 ±12 years. Over years, breast cancer in Saudi patients was increasingly seen at a younger age (p=0.003). While tumors were increasingly detected at earlier stages (p=0.003); however, stage III & IV tumors (p=0.033) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 overexpressed tumors (p=0.035) were more frequently seen at a younger age. Interestingly, these associations were not significant in non-Saudi patients. CONCLUSION Although, the current findings might help future studies to identify variables that could lead to better management of breast cancer in this region; however, a wider investigation including other centers in the eastern province is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham A. Kussaibi
- From the Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Haitham A. Kussaibi, Pathology Department, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9570-0768
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Establish a Scoring Model for High-Risk Population of Gastric Cancer and Study on the Pattern of Opportunistic Screening. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:5609623. [PMID: 33061960 PMCID: PMC7545415 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5609623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate and study the related risk factors of gastric cancer (GC) patients, to establish a high-risk scoring model of GC by multiple logistic regression analysis, and to explore the establishment of a GC screening mode with clinical opportunistic screening as the main method, and by using the pattern of opportunistic screening to establish the screening of high-risk GC patients and the choice of screening methods in the clinical outpatient work. Methods Collected the epidemiological questionnaire of 99 GC cases and 284 non-GC patients (other chronic gastric diseases and normal) diagnosed by the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from October 2017 to March 2019. Serum pepsinogen (PG) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in gastric mucosa tissues by Giemsa staining. Determined the high-risk factors and established a scoring model through unconditional logistic regression model analysis, and the ROC curve determined the cut-off value. Then, we followed up 26 patients of nongastric cancer patients constituted a validation group, which validated the model. Results The high-risk factors of GC included age ≥ 55, male, drinking cellar or well water, family history of GC, Hp infection, PGI ≤ 43.6 μg/L, and PGI/PGII ≤ 2.1. Established the high-risk model: Y = A × age + 30 × gender + 30 × drinking water + 30 × Hp infection + 50 × family history of GC + B × PG level. The ROC curve determined that the cut-off value for high-risk GC population was ≥155, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.875, the sensitivity and specificity were 87.9% and 71.5%. Conclusions According to the risk factors of GC, using statistical methods can establish a high-risk scoring model of GC, and the score ≥ 155 is divided into the screening cut-off value for high-risk GC population. Using this model for clinical outpatient GC screening is cost-effective and has high sensitivity and specificity.
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