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Acikel-Elmas M, Algilani SA, Sahin B, Bingol Ozakpinar O, Gecim M, Koroglu K, Arbak S. Apocynin Ameliorates Monosodium Glutamate Induced Testis Damage by Impaired Blood-Testis Barrier and Oxidative Stress Parameters. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030822. [PMID: 36983977 PMCID: PMC10052003 DOI: 10.3390/life13030822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of apocynin (APO) on hormone levels, the blood-testis barrier, and oxidative biomarkers in monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced testicular degeneration. METHODS Sprague Dawley male rats (150-200 g; n = 32) were randomly distributed into four groups: control, APO, MSG, and MSG + APO. MSG and MSG + APO groups were administered MSG (120 mg/kg) for 28 days. Moreover, the APO and MSG + APO groups received APO (25 mg/kg) during the last five days of the experiment. All administrations were via oral gavage. Finally, biochemical analyses were performed based on the determination of testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as light and transmission electron microscopic examinations, assessment of sperm parameters, ZO-1, occludin, NOX-2, and TUNEL immunohistochemistry were evaluated. RESULTS MSG increased both the oxidative stress level and apoptosis, decreased cell proliferation, and caused degeneration in testis morphology including in the blood-testis barrier. Administration of apocynin reversed all the deteriorated morphological and biochemical parameters in the MSG + APO group. CONCLUSIONS apocynin is considered to prevent testicular degeneration by maintaining the integrity of the blood-testis barrier with balanced hormone and oxidant/antioxidant levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Acikel-Elmas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Salva Asma Algilani
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Begum Sahin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Bingol Ozakpinar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu, 4/A, Basibuyuk, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Mert Gecim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu, 4/A, Basibuyuk, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Kutay Koroglu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu No. 9 D:2, Maltepe, Istanbul 34854, Turkey
| | - Serap Arbak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Icerenkoy Mah., Kayisdagi Cad. No. 32, Atasehir, Istanbul 34752, Turkey
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Almarzouq D, Al-Maghrebi M. NADPH Oxidase-Mediated Testicular Oxidative Imbalance Regulates the TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis Activation after Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010145. [PMID: 36671008 PMCID: PMC9855003 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, inflammation and germ cell death are the main characteristics of testicular ischemia reperfusion injury (tIRI), which is considered as the underlying mechanism for testicular torsion and detorsion. The study aimed to examine the effect of tIRI-activated NADPH oxidase (NOX) on the expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway components. Three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12 each) were studied: sham, unilateral tIRI only and tIRI treated with apocynin, a NOX-specific inhibitor. The tIRI rat model was subjected to 1 h of ischemia followed by 4 h of reperfusion. H&E staining, real time PCR, biochemical assays, and Western blot were utilized to evaluate spermatogenic damage, gene expression, oxidative stress markers, and NLRP3 pathway components, respectively. As a result of tIRI, decreased total antioxidant capacity and suppressed activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were associated with spermatogenic arrest. The components of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, GSDMD, MMP-9) were upregulated transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally during tIRI. In parallel, tissue inflammation was demonstrated by a marked increase in the concentrations of myeloperoxidase, IL-1β, and IL-18. Apocynin treatment prevented testicular oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, NOX inhibition by apocynin prevented ROS accumulation, proinflammatory cytokine overexpression and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during tIRI.
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Targeting autophagy, oxidative stress, and ER stress for neurodegenerative diseases treatment. J Control Release 2022; 345:147-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Tanyeli A, Guzel Erdogan D, Comakli S, Polat E, Guler MC, Eraslan E, Doganay S. Therapeutic effects of apocynin on ovarian ischemia-reperfusion induced lung injury. Biotech Histochem 2022; 97:536-545. [PMID: 35152781 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2036368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury may damage remote organs, including the lungs. We investigated whether apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, might protect against ovarian I-R induced apoptosis in the lungs of rats. Bilateral ovarian I-R was induced for 3 h, then apocynin was applied at two concentrations. Lung tissue was evaluated using spectrophotometric and immunohistochemical methods. We found that I-R increased total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and immunostaining of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), light chain 3B (LC3B), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), but decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) values. Apocynin application to I-R injured rats enhanced recovery of lung tissue oxidants and improved both histology and frequency of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Tanyeli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Derya Guzel Erdogan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Selim Comakli
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Elif Polat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Can Guler
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ersen Eraslan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Songul Doganay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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Nakka VP, Gogada R, Simhadri PK, Qadeer MA, Phanithi PB. Post-treatment with apocynin at a lower dose regulates the UPR branch of eIF2α and XBP-1 pathways after stroke. Brain Res Bull 2022; 182:1-11. [PMID: 35143926 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Stroke leads to disturbance in the physiology of the ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum) that triggers UPR (Unfolded Protein Response) pathways aimed to compensate neuronal cell damage. However, sustained UPR causes stressful conditions in the ER lumen forming abnormal protein aggregates. Stroke-induced oxidative stress also amalgamates with UPR to safeguard and ensure the proper functioning of brain cells. Thus we tested the effect of apocynin (a potent antioxidant) post-treatment in experimental stroke on the outcome of ER stress and UPR branch pathways. We administered a low dose of apocynin at 1 mg/kg (intraperitoneal) to adult Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) for two-time points. The first dose immediately after re-establishing the blood flow and another at 6 h of reperfusion. Apocynin post-treatment significantly reduced ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) generation at an early reperfusion time point of 4 h. It preserved neuronal morphology, dendritic spine density, reduced protein aggregation, and brain damage after 24 h of reperfusion. Apocynin post-treatment regulates the two UPR branch pathways in our experimental paradigm. 1) Down-regulation of eIF2α (Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α) phosphorylation, and CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein) 2) by reducing the XBP-1 (X-Box binding Protein-1) mRNA splicing downstream to PERK (Protein Kinase RNA-Like ER Kinase) and IRE1α (Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1alpha) UPR pathways, respectively. Bioinformatics prediction showed that apocynin has binding sites for PERK (Protein Kinase RNA-Like ER Kinase) and IRE1α proteins. The amino acid residues interacting with apocynin were Cys891 and Gln889 (for PERK), and the amino acids Ser726, Arg722, and Ala719 (for IRE1α) lying within their activation loop. Overall, these studies indicate that apocynin post-treatment might regulate ER stress/UPR pathways and minimize stroke brain damage, thus having implications for developing newer strategies for stroke treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Prasuja Nakka
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046, India; Department of Biochemistry, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Andhra Pradesh 522510, India
| | - Raghu Gogada
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046, India; Department of Biochemistry and Plant Physiology, M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha 761211, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Simhadri
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | | | - Prakash Babu Phanithi
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, 500046, India.
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Rehni AK, Cho S, Dave KR. Ischemic brain injury in diabetes and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neurochem Int 2022; 152:105219. [PMID: 34736936 PMCID: PMC8918032 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a widespread disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to abnormal insulin activity, production, or both. Chronic diabetes causes many secondary complications including cardiovascular disease: a life-threatening complication. Cerebral ischemia-related mortality, morbidity, and the extent of brain injury are high in diabetes. However, the mechanism of increase in ischemic brain injury during diabetes is not well understood. Multiple mechanisms mediate diabetic hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia-induced increase in ischemic brain injury. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediates both brain injury as well as brain protection after ischemia-reperfusion injury. The pathways of ER stress are modulated during diabetes. Free radical generation and mitochondrial dysfunction, two of the prominent mechanisms that mediate diabetic increase in ischemic brain injury, are known to stimulate the pathways of ER stress. Increased ischemic brain injury in diabetes is accompanied by a further increase in the activation of ER stress. As there are many metabolic changes associated with diabetes, differential activation of the pathways of ER stress may mediate pronounced ischemic brain injury in subjects suffering from diabetes. We presently discuss the literature on the significance of ER stress in mediating increased ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish K Rehni
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sunjoo Cho
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Kunjan R Dave
- Peritz Scheinberg Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Laboratories, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Ma Y, Lee G, Heo SY, Roh YS. Oxidative Stress Is a Key Modulator in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010091. [PMID: 35052595 PMCID: PMC8772974 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, and scientific studies consistently report that NAFLD development can be accelerated by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can induce the progression of NAFLD to NASH by stimulating Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatocytes. Therefore, studies are underway to identify the role of antioxidants in the treatment of NAFLD. In this review, we have summarized the origins of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells, the relationship between ROS and NAFLD, and have discussed the use of antioxidants as therapeutic agents for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Ma
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (Y.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Gyurim Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (Y.M.); (G.L.)
| | - Su-Young Heo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.R.)
| | - Yoon-Seok Roh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea; (Y.M.); (G.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.-Y.H.); (Y.-S.R.)
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Khashab F, Al-Saleh F, Al-Kandari N, Fadel F, Al-Maghrebi M. JAK Inhibition Prevents DNA Damage and Apoptosis in Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Modulation of the ATM/ATR/Chk Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413390. [PMID: 34948185 PMCID: PMC8706947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular ischemia reperfusion injury (tIRI) causes oxidative stress-induced DNA damage leading to germ cell apoptosis (GCA). The aim of the study is to establish a direct link between JAK2 activation and the DNA damage response (DDR) signaling pathways and their role in tIRI-induced GCA using AG490, a JAK2 specific inhibitor. Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 36) were divided into three groups: sham, unilateral tIRI and tIRI + AG490 (40 mg/kg). During tIRI, augmentation in the phosphorylation levels of the JAK2/STAT1/STAT3 was measured by immunohistochemistry. Observed spermatogenic arrest was explained by the presence of considerable levels of DSB, AP sites and 8OHdG and activation of caspase 9, caspase 3 and PARP, which were measured by colorimetric assays and TUNEL. The ATM/Chk2/H2AX and ATR/Chk1 pathways were also activated as judged by their increased phosphorylation using Western blot. These observations were all prevented by AG490 inhibition of JAK2 activity. Our findings demonstrate that JAK2 regulates tIRI-induced GCA, oxidative DNA damage and activation of the ATM/Chk2/H2AX and ATR/Chk1 DDR pathways, but the cell made the apoptosis decision despite DDR efforts.
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Kölükçü E, Firat F, Deresoy FA, Katar M, Atılgan D. The effects of pirfenidone on ischaemia-reperfusion injury in testicular torsion-induced rat model. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13922. [PMID: 33244780 DOI: 10.1111/and.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of pirfenidone against ischaemia-reperfusion injury occurring after detorsion in rats with induced testicular torsion model. Group 1 was assigned as the control group. Group 2 first had testis torsion performed, and then, testicular detorsion was performed. Group 3 had similar procedures to the rats in Group 2. Rats in Group 3 additionally had 325 mg/kg pirfenidone administered immediately after ischaemia. The blood samples were analysed spectrophotometrically. To determine the intensity of tissue injury, haemorrhage, oedema and congestion levels were evaluated with direct microscopic investigation of testis. Seminiferous tubule architecture, spermatogenesis processes and germ cell maturation were graded by Johnsen and Cosentino scoring systems. In Group 3, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities increased compared with Group 2 (p:.03 and p:.049 respectively). Additionally, the mean malondialdehyde (MDA) value was higher in Group 2 compared with the other groups (p:.001). Histopathological investigation of rats in Group 3 identified positive changes in haemorrhage, oedema and congestion levels compared with Group 2 (p:.031, p:.048, p:.044 respectively). Similarly, Johnsen and Cosentino scores were positively affected in Group 3 (p:.033, p:.032 respectively). Pirfenidone is protective against testicular oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engin Kölükçü
- Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Fatih Firat
- Department of Urology, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | | | - Muzaffer Katar
- Department of Biochemistry, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Doğan Atılgan
- Department of Urology, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
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Zhao H, Yang Y, Wang Y, Feng X, Deng A, Ou Z, Chen B. MicroRNA-497-5p stimulates osteoblast differentiation through HMGA2-mediated JNK signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:515. [PMID: 33168056 PMCID: PMC7654018 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis (OP) has the characteristics of the decline in bone mineral density and worsening of bone quality, contributing to a higher risk of fractures. Some microRNAs (miRNAs) have been validated as possible mediators of osteoblast differentiation. We herein aimed to clarify whether miR-497-5p regulates the differentiation of osteoblasts in MC3T3-E1 cells. Methods The expression of miR-497-5p in OP patients and controls was measured by RT-qPCR, and its expression changes during osteoblast differentiation were determined as well. The effects of miR-497-5p on the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells were studied using MTT, ALR staining, and ARS staining. The target gene of miR-497-5p was predicted by TargetScan, and the effects of its target gene on differentiation and the pathway involved were investigated. Results miR-497-5p expressed poorly in OP patients, and its expression was upregulated during MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation. Overexpression of miR-497-5p promoted mineralized nodule formation and the expression of RUNX2 and OCN. miR-497-5p targeted high mobility group AT-Hook 2 (HMGA2), while the upregulation of HMGA2 inhibited osteogenesis induced by miR-497-5p mimic. miR-497-5p significantly impaired the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, whereas HMGA2 activated this pathway. Activation of the JNK pathway inhibited the stimulative role of miR-497-5p mimic in osteogenesis. Conclusions miR-497-5p inhibits the development of OP by promoting osteogenesis via targeting HMGA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No, 2693, Kaichuang Road, Guangzhou, 510530, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yexiang Yang
- Department of Joint and Trauma Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No, 2693, Kaichuang Road, Guangzhou, 510530, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No, 2693, Kaichuang Road, Guangzhou, 510530, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Adi Deng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No, 2693, Kaichuang Road, Guangzhou, 510530, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolan Ou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No, 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Biying Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No, 2693, Kaichuang Road, Guangzhou, 510530, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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