1
|
AlQadheeb N, AlMubayedh H, AlBadrani S, Salam A, AlOmar M, AlAswad A, AlMualim M, AlQamariat Z, AlHubail R. Impact of common comorbidities on antimicrobial consumption and mortality amongst critically ill COVID-19 patients: A retrospective two center study in Saudi Arabia. CLINICAL INFECTION IN PRACTICE 2023; 19:100229. [PMID: 37168925 PMCID: PMC10156636 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinpr.2023.100229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the association between common comorbidities, ICU mortality and antimicrobial consumption among critically ill COVID 19 patients in Saudi Arabia. Methods A retrospective observational study of patients admitted to the ICU from March 1st, 2020, through August 31st, 2021. We excluded patients who stayed <24 h in the ICU and with no confirmed COVID-19 PCR testing. Results Of the 976 screened ICU patients, 848 were included. While there was no difference in mortality between patients with and without comorbidities, those with at least one comorbidity had a higher severity of illness (p = 0.013). Compared to survivors, non-survivors were more likely to require mechanical ventilation and vasopressor support (P < 0.001). Almost all patients received at least one antimicrobial therapy. Predictors independently associated with ICU mortality were: older age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01-1.04), vancomycin use (AOR, 2.69; 95% [CI], 1.65-4.37), linezolid use (AOR, 2.65; 95% [CI], 1.65-4.04), sepsis or septic shock (AOR, 6.39; 95% [CI], 3.68-11.08), Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) (AOR, 2.51; 95% [CI], 1.61-3.92) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) (AOR, 2.03; 95% [CI], 1.61-3.92). Conclusion Older age, vancomycin and linezolid use, sepsis/septic shock, AKI, and ARDS were negative prognostic factors in critically ill COVID-19 patients. More studies are needed to evaluate the outcomes of survived critically ill patients in relation to their vaccination status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada AlQadheeb
- Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanine AlMubayedh
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah AlBadrani
- College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Salam
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukhtar AlOmar
- Pharmacy Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed AlAswad
- Critical Care Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlMualim
- Critical Care Department, Qatif Central Hospital, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra AlQamariat
- Pharmacy Department, Dammam Medical Complex, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasheed AlHubail
- Critical Care Department, Dammam Medical Complex, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rehatta NM, Chandra S, Sari D, Lestari MI, Senapathi TGA, Nurdin H, Wirabuana B, Pramodana B, Pradhana AP, Isngadi I, Anggraeni N, Sikumbang KM, Halimi RA, Jasa ZK, Nasution AH, Mochamat M, Purwoko P. Comorbidities and COVID-19 status influence the survival rate of geriatric patients in intensive care units: a prospective cohort study from the Indonesian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:523. [PMID: 35752756 PMCID: PMC9233386 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03227-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the more advanced science in the field of medicine and disease management, the population of geriatric intensive care patients is increasing. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted healthcare management around the globe, especially on critically-ill elderly patients. We aim to analyse the relationship between underlying illnesses, including COVID-19, and the survival rate of elderly patients who are treated in the intensive care setting. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study at 14 teaching hospitals for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy Education in Indonesia. We selected all subjects with 60 years of age or older in the period between February to May 2021. Variables recorded included subject characteristics, comorbidities, and COVID-19 status. Subjects were followed for 30-day mortality as an outcome. We analysed the data using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results We recruited 982 elderly patients, and 728 subjects were in the final analysis (60.7% male; 68.0 ± 6.6 years old). The 30-day mortality was 38.6%. The top five comorbidities are hypertension (21.1%), diabetes (16.2%), moderate or severe renal disease (10.6%), congestive heart failure (9.2%), and cerebrovascular disease (9.1%). Subjects with Charlson’s Comorbidity Index Score > 5 experienced 66% death. Subjects with COVID-19 who died were 57.4%. Subjects with comorbidities and COVID-19 had lower survival time than subjects without those conditions (p < 0.005). Based on linear correlation analysis, the more comorbidities the geriatric patients in the ICU had, the higher chance of mortality in 30 days (p < 0.005, R coefficient 0.22). Conclusion Approximately one in four elderly intensive care patients die, and the number is increasing with comorbidities and COVID-19 status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Margarita Rehatta
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Susilo Chandra
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Djayanti Sari
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mayang Indah Lestari
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya, Jenderal Sudirman Street KM. 3.5, Palembang, South Sumatera, 30126, Indonesia.
| | - Tjokorda Gde Agung Senapathi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Haizah Nurdin
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Belindo Wirabuana
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Bintang Pramodana
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Adinda Putra Pradhana
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar, Indonesia
| | - Isngadi Isngadi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Novita Anggraeni
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia
| | - Kenanga Marwan Sikumbang
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia
| | - Radian Ahmad Halimi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Zafrullah Khany Jasa
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Akhyar Hamonangan Nasution
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Mochamat Mochamat
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Purwoko Purwoko
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Birhanu A, Ayana GM, Bayu M, Mohammed A, Dessie Y. Features associated with SARS-COV-2 positivity among people presenting with acute respiratory tract infections to public Hospitals in Harari region, Ethiopia. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211062793. [PMID: 34917383 PMCID: PMC8669875 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211062793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite investigating coronavirus among respiratory tract infected cases is a top priority to prevent further transmission, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity among this group of patients remains unexplored in resource-limited settings. Therefore, this study intended to assess the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity among patients presenting with acute respiratory tract infection from 1 July to 31 December 2020 in Harar Region, Ethiopia, from 15 February to 10 March 2021. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was used. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was tested by assaying oropharyngeal swabs using reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction among patients presenting with acute respiratory tract infection in Harari Public Hospitals. A binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity with an adjusted odds ratio at a 95% confidence interval. Results: Out of a total of 1692 study participants, 388 (22.9%) of them tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Of these severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive patients, 364 (21.6%) patients presented with lower respiratory tract infection, while the rest only 24 (1.4%) presented with upper respiratory tract infection. Independent variables included separated/divorced in marital status (AOR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.29–0.95), presenting with cough, fever, and difficulty of breathing (AOR = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.22–4.7), age group of 30–39 years (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15–0.79), 40–49 years (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.14–0.94), and 50–59 years (AOR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.13–0.76) compared to patients with the age of ⩾ 60 years, had statistically significant association with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positivity. Conclusion: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was positive among 388 (22.9%) acute respiratory tract infected people. Elder age, particular symptoms, such as cough, fever, and difficulty of breathing, and married marital status were associated with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 positive test. In resource-limited setups, where a shortage of testing equipment is common, these findings could contribute to boosting targeted symptom-oriented screening schemes. Moreover, this study could have paramount clinical importance for further studies in the country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdi Birhanu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Galana Mamo Ayana
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Miesso Bayu
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ahmed Mohammed
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Yadeta Dessie
- School of Public Health, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Direct and Indirect Effects of COVID-19 in Frail Elderly: Interventions and Recommendations. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11100999. [PMID: 34683141 PMCID: PMC8539433 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11100999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a state of vulnerability to stressors because of a decreased physiological reserve, resulting in poor health outcomes. This state is related to chronic conditions, many of which are risk factors for outcomes in elderly patients having SARS-COV-2. This review aims to describe frailty as a physiological vulnerability agent during the COVID-19 pandemic in elderly patients, summarizing the direct and indirect effects caused by the SARS-COV-2 infection and its prognosis in frail individuals, as well as the interventions and recommendations to reduce their effects. Cohort studies have shown that patients with a Clinical Frailty Scale higher than five have a higher risk of mortality and use of mechanical ventilation after COVID-19; nonetheless, other scales have also associated frailty with longer hospital stays and more severe forms of the disease. Additionally, the indirect effects caused by the pandemic have a negative impact on the health status of older people. Due to the above, a holistic intervention is proposed based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment for frail patients (preventive or post-infection) with emphasis on physical activity and nutritional recommendations, which could be a potential preventive intervention in viral infections by COVID-19.
Collapse
|
5
|
Islam MS, Larpruenrudee P, Saha SC, Pourmehran O, Paul AR, Gemci T, Collins R, Paul G, Gu Y. How severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 aerosol propagates through the age-specific upper airways. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS (WOODBURY, N.Y. : 1994) 2021; 33:081911. [PMID: 34552312 PMCID: PMC8450910 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 causes significant respirational health problems, including high mortality rates worldwide. The deadly corona virus-containing aerosol enters the atmospheric air through sneezing, exhalation, or talking, assembling with the particulate matter, and subsequently transferring to the respiratory system. This recent outbreak illustrates that the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus-2 is deadlier for aged people than for other age groups. It is evident that the airway diameter reduces with age, and an accurate understanding of SARS aerosol transport through different elderly people's airways could potentially help the overall respiratory health assessment, which is currently lacking in the literature. This first-ever study investigates SARS COVID-2 aerosol transport in age-specific airway systems. A highly asymmetric age-specific airway model and fluent solver (ANSYS 19.2) are used for the investigation. The computational fluid dynamics measurement predicts higher SARS COVID-2 aerosol concentration in the airway wall for older adults than for younger people. The numerical study reports that the smaller SARS coronavirus-2 aerosol deposition rate in the right lung is higher than that in the left lung, and the opposite scenario occurs for the larger SARS coronavirus-2 aerosol rate. The numerical results show a fluctuating trend of pressure at different generations of the age-specific model. The findings of this study would improve the knowledge of SARS coronavirus-2 aerosol transportation to the upper airways which would thus ameliorate the targeted aerosol drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Islam
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Puchanee Larpruenrudee
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Suvash C. Saha
- School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 15 Broadway, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Oveis Pourmehran
- School of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia and Department of Surgery—Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Akshoy Ranjan Paul
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj 211004, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Richard Collins
- Biomechanics International, Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania 16066, USA
| | - Gunther Paul
- James Cook University, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Townsville, Queensland 4810, Australia
| | - Yuantong Gu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|