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Borges ALS, Bittar VP, Justino AB, Carrillo MSP, Duarte RFM, Silva NBS, Gonçalves DS, Prado DG, Araújo IAC, Martins MM, Motta LC, Martins CHG, Botelho FV, Silva NM, de Oliveira A, Romão W, Espíndola FS. Exploring the composition and properties of Centella asiatica metabolites and investigating their impact on BSA glycation, LDL oxidation and α-amylase inhibition. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 245:116143. [PMID: 38678859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. is a small herbaceous plant belonging to the Apiaceae family that is rich in triterpenes, such as asiaticoside and madecassoside. Centella asiatica finds broad application in promoting wound healing, addressing skin disorders, and boosting both memory and cognitive function. Given its extensive therapeutic potential, this study aimed not only to investigate the Centella asiatica ethanolic extract but also to analyze the biological properties of its organic fractions, such as antioxidant antiglycation capacity, which are little explored. We also identified the main bioactive compounds through spectrometry analysis. The ethanolic extract (EE) was obtained through a static maceration for seven days, while organic fractions (HF: hexane fraction; DF: dichloromethane fraction; EAF: ethyl acetate fraction; BF: n-butanol fraction and HMF: hydromethanolic fraction) were obtained via liquid-liquid fractionation. The concentration of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and tannins in each sample was quantified. Additionally, the antiglycation (BSA/FRU, BSA/MGO, and ARG/MGO models) and antioxidant (FRAP, ORAC, and DPPH) properties, as well as the ability to inhibit LDL oxidation and hepatic tissue peroxidation were evaluated. The inhibition of enzyme activity was also analyzed (α-amylase, α-glycosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and butyrylcholinesterase). We also evaluated the antimicrobial and cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophages. The main compounds present in the most bioactive fractions were elucidated through ESI FT-ICR MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. In the assessment of antioxidant capacity (FRAP, ORAC, and DPPH), the EAF and BF fractions exhibited notable results, and as they are the phenolic compounds richest fractions, they also inhibited LDL oxidation, protected the hepatic tissue from peroxidation and inhibited α-amylase activity. Regarding glycation models, the EE, EAF, BF, and HMF fractions demonstrated substantial activity in the BSA/FRU model. However, BF was the only fraction that presented non-cytotoxic activity in RAW 264.7 macrophages at all tested concentrations. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the antioxidant, antiglycation, and enzymatic inhibition capacities of the ethanolic extract and organic fractions of Centella asiatica. The findings suggest that further in vivo studies, particularly focusing on the butanol fraction (BF), may be promising routes for future research and potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Silva Borges
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Prado Bittar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Maria Sol Peña Carrillo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Rener Francisco Mateus Duarte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Nagela Bernadelli Sousa Silva
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Diego Godina Prado
- Nucleus of Research in Natural Products (NuPPeN), Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Iasmin Aparecida Cunha Araújo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Mário Machado Martins
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology "Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho", in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Larissa Campos Motta
- Laboratory of Petroleum and Forensics, of the Center of Competence in Petroleum Chemistry - NCQP, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Françoise Vasconcelos Botelho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Alberto de Oliveira
- Nucleus of Research in Natural Products (NuPPeN), Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Romão
- Laboratory of Petroleum and Forensics, of the Center of Competence in Petroleum Chemistry - NCQP, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES 29075-910, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology of Espírito Santo, Vila Velha, 29106-010, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espíndola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG 38400-902, Brazil.
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Bittar VP, Silva Borges AL, Justino AB, Carrillo MSP, Mateus Duarte RF, Silva NBS, Gonçalves DS, Prado DG, Araújo IAC, Martins MM, Gomes Martins CH, Botelho FV, Silva NM, de Oliveira A, Espíndola FS. Bioactive compounds from the leaves of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek: Inhibition of LDL oxidation, glycation, lipid peroxidation, target enzymes, and microbial growth. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117315. [PMID: 37852339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek, a medicinal plant used for treating gastritis, ulcers, and gastric disorders, possesses therapeutic properties attributed to diverse leaf compounds-terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins, reflecting the ethnopharmacological knowledge of traditional users. AIMS OF THE STUDY We aimed to assess the antioxidant and antiglycant capacities of Maytenus ilicifolia's ethanolic extract and organic fractions, identify bioactive compounds through HPLC-MS/MS analysis, and conduct phytochemical assessments. We also assessed their potential to inhibit digestive and cholinesterase enzymes, mitigate oxidation of human LDL and rat hepatic tissue, and examine their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS Organic fractions (hexane - HF-Mi, dichloromethane - DMF-Mi, ethyl acetate - EAF-Mi, n-butanol - BF-Mi, and hydromethanolic - HMF-Mi) were obtained via liquid-liquid partitioning. Antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, ORAC) and antiglycant (BSA/FRU, BSA/MGO, ARG/MGO/LDL/MGO models) capacities were tested. Phytochemical analysis employed HPLC-MS/MS. We also studied the inhibitory effects on α-amylase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, human LDL and rat hepatic tissue oxidation, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophages. RESULTS HPLC-ESI-MS/MS identified antioxidant compounds such as catechin, quercetin, and kaempferol derivatives. Ethanolic extract (EE-Mi) and organic fractions demonstrated robust antioxidant and antiglycant activity. EAF-Mi and BF-Mi inhibited α-amylase (2.42 μg/mL and 7.95 μg/mL) compared to acarbose (0.144 μg/mL). Most organic fractions exhibited ∼50% inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, rivaling galantamine and rivastigmine. EAF-Mi, BF-Mi, and EE-Mi excelled in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. All fractions, except HMF-Mi, effectively countered LDL oxidation, evidenced by the area under the curve. These fractions protected LDL against lipid peroxidation. CONCLUSION This study unveils Maytenus ilicifolia's ethanolic extract and organic fractions properties. Through rigorous analysis, we identify bioactive compounds and highlight their antioxidant, antiglycant, enzyme inhibition, and protective properties against oxidative damage. These findings underline its significance in modern pharmacology and its potential applications in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Prado Bittar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Silva Borges
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Maria Sol Peña Carrillo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Rener Francisco Mateus Duarte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Nagela Bernadelli Sousa Silva
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Daniela Silva Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Diego Godina Prado
- Nucleus of Research in Natural Products (NuPPeN), Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Iasmin Aparecida Cunha Araújo
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Mário Machado Martins
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology "Dr. Luiz Ricardo Goulart Filho", Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Uberlândia, Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Françoise Vasconcelos Botelho
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Alberto de Oliveira
- Nucleus of Research in Natural Products (NuPPeN), Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espíndola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
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Chen Z, Tan J, Qin J, Feng N, Liu Q, Zhang C, Wu Q. Effects of lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidins on the inhibition of AGEs formation and sensory quality of tough biscuits. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1031550. [PMID: 36276842 PMCID: PMC9583143 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1031550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are formed in baked products through the Maillard reaction (MR), which are thought to be a contributing factor to chronic diseases such as heart diseases and diabetes. Lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidins (LSOPC) are natural antioxidants that have been added to tough biscuit to create functional foods that may lower the risk of chronic diseases. The effect of LSOPC on AGEs formation and the sensory quality of tough biscuit were examined in this study. With the addition of LSOPC, the AGEs scavenging rate and antioxidant capacity of LSOPC-added tough biscuits were dramatically improved. The chromatic aberration (ΔE) value of tough biscuits containing LSOPC increased significantly. Higher addition of LSOPC, on the other hand, could effectively substantially reduced the moisture content, water activity, and pH of LSOPC toughen biscuits. These findings imply that using LSOPC as additive not only lowers the generation of AGEs, but also improves sensory quality of tough biscuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangying Tan
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiabin Qin
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Nianjie Feng
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Nianjie Feng
| | - Qianting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chan Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China,Chan Zhang
| | - Qian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China,Qian Wu
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Muraoka MY, Justino AB, Caixeta DC, Queiroz JS, Sabino-Silva R, Salmen Espindola F. Fructose and methylglyoxal-induced glycation alters structural and functional properties of salivary proteins, albumin and lysozyme. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262369. [PMID: 35061788 PMCID: PMC8782344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation process refers to reactions between reduction sugars and amino acids that can lead to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are related to changes in chemical and functional properties of biological structures that accumulate during aging and diseases. The aim of this study was to perform and analyze in vitro glycation by fructose and methylglyoxal (MGO) using salivary fluid, albumin, lysozyme, and salivary α-amylase (sAA). Glycation effect was analyzed by biochemical and spectroscopic methods. The results were obtained by fluorescence analysis, infrared spectroscopy (total attenuated reflection-Fourier transform, ATR-FTIR) followed by multivariate analysis of principal components (PCA), protein profile, immunodetection, enzymatic activity and oxidative damage to proteins. Fluorescence increased in all glycated samples, except in saliva with fructose. The ATR-FTIR spectra and PCA analysis showed structural changes related to the vibrational mode of glycation of albumin, lysozyme, and salivary proteins. Glycation increased the relative molecular mass (Mr) in protein profile of albumin and lysozyme. Saliva showed a decrease in band intensity when glycated. The analysis of sAA immunoblotting indicated a relative reduction in intensity of its correspondent Mr after sAA glycation; and a decrease in its enzymatic activity was observed. Carbonylation levels increased in all glycated samples, except for saliva with fructose. Thiol content decreased only for glycated lysozyme and saliva with MGO. Therefore, glycation of salivary fluid and sAA may have the potential to identify products derived by glycation process. This opens perspectives for further studies on the use of saliva, an easy and non-invasive collection fluid, to monitor glycated proteins in the aging process and evolution of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Yumiko Muraoka
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Allisson Benatti Justino
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Douglas Carvalho Caixeta
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Julia Silveira Queiroz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Innovation Center in Salivary Diagnostic and Nanotheranostics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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