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Varillas-Delgado D, Jimenez-Antona C, Lizcano-Alvarez A, Cano-de-la-Cuerda R, Molero-Sanchez A, Laguarta-Val S. Predictive Factors and ACE-2 Gene Polymorphisms in Susceptibility to Long COVID-19 Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16717. [PMID: 38069039 PMCID: PMC10705995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Long COVID-19 syndrome is present in 5-10% of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, and there is still little information on the predisposing factors that lead to its development. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the predictive factors in early symptoms, clinical features and the role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) c.513-1451G>A (rs2106806) and c.15643279T>C (rs6629110) polymorphisms in the susceptibility to developing Long COVID-19 syndrome subsequent to COVID-19 infectionA total of 29 patients who suffered COVID-19 were recruited in a descriptive longitudinal study of two groups: Long COVID-19 (n = 16) and non-Long COVID-19 (n = 13). Early symptoms and clinical features during COVID-19 were classified by a medical service. ACE-2 polymorphisms were genotyped by using a Single Nucleotide Primer Extension (SNPE). Of the early symptoms, fatigue, myalgia and headache showed a high risk of increasing Long COVID-19 susceptibility. Clinical features such as emergency care, SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, previous diseases, respiratory disease and brain fog also had a high risk of increasing Long COVID-19 susceptibility. The A allele in the rs2106806 variant was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.214 (95% CI 2.521-8.853; p < 0.001), and the T allele in the rs6629110 variant was associated with an OR of 3.754 (95% CI 1.785-6.105; p = 0.002) of increasing Long COVID-19 susceptibility. This study shows the risk of ACE-2 polymorphisms, different early symptoms and clinical features during SARS-CoV-2 infection in susceptibility to Long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Varillas-Delgado
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmen Jimenez-Antona
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, 28922 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.-A.); (R.C.-d.-l.-C.); (A.M.-S.); (S.L.-V.)
| | - Angel Lizcano-Alvarez
- Department of Nursing and Stomatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, 28922 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Cano-de-la-Cuerda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, 28922 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.-A.); (R.C.-d.-l.-C.); (A.M.-S.); (S.L.-V.)
| | - Alberto Molero-Sanchez
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, 28922 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.-A.); (R.C.-d.-l.-C.); (A.M.-S.); (S.L.-V.)
| | - Sofia Laguarta-Val
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcon, 28922 Madrid, Spain; (C.J.-A.); (R.C.-d.-l.-C.); (A.M.-S.); (S.L.-V.)
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Araújo A, Sgorlon G, Aguiar LE, Cidrão MHMC, Teixeira KS, Villalobos Salcedo JM, Passos-Silva AM, Vieira D. Influence of polymorphic variations of IFNL, HLA, and IL-6 genes in severe cases of COVID-19. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:787-797. [PMID: 37452704 PMCID: PMC10350587 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231181343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of vaccination doses to the global population has led to a decrease in the incidence of COVID-19. However, the clinical picture developed by infected individuals remains extremely concerning due to the great variability in the severity of cases even in vaccinated individuals. The clinical progression of the pathology is characterized by various influential factors such as sex, age group, comorbidities, and the genetics of the individual. The immune response to viral infections can be strongly influenced by the genetics of individuals; nucleotide variations called single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in structures involved in the innate and adaptive immune response such as interferon (IFN)-λ, human leukocyte antigen (HLA), and interleukin (IL)-6 are frequently associated with pathological progression. In this study, we conducted a review of the main SNPs of these structures that are associated with severity in COVID-19. Searches were conducted on some platforms of the National Center for Biotechnology and Information (NCBI), and 102 studies were selected for full reading according to the inclusion criteria. IFNs showed a strong association with antiviral function, specifically, IFN-λ3 (IL-28B) demonstrated genetic variants commonly related to clinical progression in various pathologies. For COVID-19, rs12979860 and rs1298275 presented frequently described unfavorable genotypes for pathological conditions of hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma. The high genetic variability of HLA was reported in the studies as a crucial factor relevant to the late immune response, mainly due to its ability to recognize antigens, with the HLA-B*46:01 SNP being associated with susceptibility to COVID-19. For IL-6, rs1554606 showed a strong relationship with the clinical progression of COVID-19. In addition, rs2069837 was identified with possible host protection relationships when linked to this infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrhyan Araújo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ/RO), Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical (CEPEM), Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Sgorlon
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ/RO), Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical (CEPEM), Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho 76801-059, Brazil
| | | | | | - Karolaine Santos Teixeira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ/RO), Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical (CEPEM), Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil
| | - Juan Miguel Villalobos Salcedo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ/RO), Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil
- Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho 76801-059, Brazil
| | - Ana Maísa Passos-Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ/RO), Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical (CEPEM), Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho 76801-059, Brazil
| | - Deusilene Vieira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Rondônia (FIOCRUZ/RO), Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical (CEPEM), Porto Velho 76812-329, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Universidade Federal de Rondônia (UNIR), Porto Velho 76801-059, Brazil
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Gao X, Fang D, Liang Y, Deng X, Chen N, Zeng M, Luo M. Circular RNAs as emerging regulators in COVID-19 pathogenesis and progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980231. [PMID: 36439162 PMCID: PMC9681929 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious acute respiratory disease caused by a newly emerging RNA virus, is a still-growing pandemic that has caused more than 6 million deaths globally and has seriously threatened the lives and health of people across the world. Currently, several drugs have been used in the clinical treatment of COVID-19, such as small molecules, neutralizing antibodies, and monoclonal antibodies. In addition, several vaccines have been used to prevent the spread of the pandemic, such as adenovirus vector vaccines, inactivated vaccines, recombinant subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. However, the efficacy of vaccines and the onset of adverse reactions vary among individuals. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial regulators of viral infections and antiviral immune responses and are heavily involved in COVID-19 pathologies. During novel coronavirus infection, circRNAs not only directly affect the transcription process and interfere with viral replication but also indirectly regulate biological processes, including virus-host receptor binding and the immune response. Consequently, understanding the expression and function of circRNAs during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will provide novel insights into the development of circRNA-based methods. In this review, we summarize recent progress on the roles and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs that regulate the inflammatory response, viral replication, immune evasion, and cytokines induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and thus highlighting the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the treatment of COVID-19 and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Liang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Drug Discovery Research Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
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