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Melo M, Dumitrache B, Ghilotti J, Sanz JL, Llena C. Effect of Bleaching Agents on Composite Resins with and without Bis-GMA: An In Vitro Study. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:144. [PMID: 38921518 PMCID: PMC11204896 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15060144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the change in color, hardness, and roughness produced by carbamide peroxide (CP) at two different concentrations on two resins. The 16% or 45% CP was applied to 66 resin discs with and without Bis-GMA. The color was measured with a spectrophotometer, and ΔEab and ΔE00 were calculated. Microhardness tester and SEM were used. In both composites, the a* and b* coordinates tended to be red and yellow, respectively, and were significant in the Bis-GMA group (p < 0.05). The ΔEab and ΔE00 were higher in the composite with Bis-GMA, regardless of the treatment received (p < 0.05). The microhardness was reduced in both composites regardless of the PC concentration compared to the control (p < 0.05). The 45% CP reduced the microhardness in the resin group with Bis-GMA compared to 16% CP (p < 0.001) but was not significant in the resin without Bis-GMA (p = 1). An increase in roughness was directly proportional to the concentration of CP, and it was more notable in the composite without Bis-GMA. The composite with Bis-GMA showed a greater tendency to darken than the one without Bis-GMA. The surface hardness of the composite was reduced in both composites and was not influenced by CP concentration in the composite without Bis-GMA. Bleaching is a common procedure nowadays. It is important to know how CP affects composites to establish a prognosis of the treatments in terms of color change, roughness, and hardness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James Ghilotti
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Alshali RZ, AlQahtani MA, Bukhary DM, Alzahrani MA, Alsoraihi SS, Alqahtani MA. The effect of bleaching on surface roughness and gloss of different CAD/CAM ceramic and hybrid ceramic materials. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2023; 21:22808000231152566. [PMID: 36785513 DOI: 10.1177/22808000231152566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of bleaching on surface roughness and gloss of different CAD/CAM ceramic materials. METHODS The ceramic materials included IPS e.max CAD (lithium disilicate), VITA ENAMIC (polymer infiltrated ceramic), and Celtra Duo CAD (zirconia reinforced lithium silicate). Samples of each material were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10); a control group immersed in distilled water, the second and third groups were treated with 20% carbamide peroxide (20% CP) and 35% carbamide peroxide (35% CP) bleaching agents for 4 h/day and 60 min/day respectively for 7 days. The fourth group was treated with 40% hydrogen peroxide (40% HP) applied twice, each turn for 20 min. After treatment, the surface roughness (using 3D non-contact profilometry) and surface gloss were assessed followed by imaging with a scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The surface roughness (p = 0.157) and gloss (p = 0.073) of IPS e.max CAD were not significantly affected by the different bleaching treatments. Similarly, no significant effect on surface roughness (p = 0.162) and gloss (p = 0.965) were shown for Celtra Duo CAD. On the other hand, VITA ENAMIC was significantly affected when treated with 20% CP and 35% CP showing increased roughness (p = 0.001) and gloss (p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS Home bleaching treatments (20% CP and 35% CP) significantly affected the surface roughness and gloss of VITA ENAMIC while IPS e.max CAD and Celtra Duo CAD were not affected by the different bleaching treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaida Z Alshali
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A AlQahtani
- Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalea M Bukhary
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mlak A Alzahrani
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Analysis of Monomer Release from Different Composite Resins after Bleaching by HPLC. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111713. [PMID: 36362868 PMCID: PMC9699366 DOI: 10.3390/life12111713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to examine the effect of bleaching agents on the release of triethylenae glycol dimethacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, bisphenol A, urethane dimethacrylate, and bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate monomers, which are released from different composite resins, using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. (2) Methods: Ninety disc-shaped specimens were produced and immersed in artificial saliva. After different bleaching applications [office type bleaching (OB) and home type bleaching (HB)], the specimens were immersed in a 75 wt% ethanol/water solution, and the released monomers were analyzed by HPLC at predefined time intervals: 1, 7, and 28 days. The Kruskal−Wallis and Mann−Whitney U tests were conducted for statistical analysis (p = 0.05). (3) Results: The monomers were released at all times from all composite specimens. The monomer release was increased over time. The highest monomer release was detected on day 28. Bleaching applications affected monomer release. No statistical difference was found between OB and HB applications (p > 0.05). The most released monomer was Bisphenol-A in all composites. (4) Conclusion: Given that a residual monomer release from composite resins has a toxic effect and that bleaching treatments increase this release, a treatment protocol should be made in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
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Alshali RZ, Alqahtani MA. The Effect of Home and In-Office Bleaching on Microhardness and Color of Different CAD/CAM Ceramic Materials. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5948. [PMID: 36079330 PMCID: PMC9457352 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of different bleaching agents on microhardness and color of CAD/CAM ceramics including IPS e.max CAD (lithium disilicate), VITA ENAMIC (polymer-infiltrated ceramic), and Celtra Duo CAD (zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate). Materials' samples were divided into three groups (n = 10) and each received a different bleaching treatment; 20% carbamide peroxide, 35% carbamide peroxide, and 40% hydrogen peroxide. A fourth group was stored in water acting as a control. Vickers microhardness and spectrophotometric color measurements were taken at baseline and after bleaching. IPS e.max CAD showed a significant reduction (about 14%), while VITA ENAMIC showed a significant increase (about 78%) in microhardness after bleaching (p ˂ 0.001). Celtra Duo CAD did not demonstrate a significant change in microhardness (p ≥ 0.609). The color difference (ΔEab) after bleaching was 0.29 (±0.08), 2.84 (±0.64), and 1.99 (±0.37) for IPS e.max CAD, VITA ENAMIC, and Celtra Duo CAD, respectively. It could be concluded that the effect of bleaching on color and microhardness was mainly material-dependent. Bleaching significantly affected the microhardness of IPS e.max CAD and VITA ENAMIC. The color difference was within the clinically imperceptible range for IPS e.max CAD, while VITA ENAMIC and Celtra Duo CAD demonstrated perceptible color change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruwaida Z. Alshali
- Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Alqahtani
- Prosthetic Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract
Tooth whitening is one of the most conservative procedures for increasing the aesthetics of patients, but the effect of bleaching on ceramic restorations has not been extensively studied. In this study, the bleaching effect on three dental restoration materials (polished/glazed lithium disilicate glass ceramic, leucite reinforced glass ceramic and zirconium dioxide ceramic) has been investigated in terms of surface roughness changes of the exposed samples. Philips Zoom NiteWhite 16% carbamide peroxide, Philips Zoom 6% hydrogen peroxide with following LED illumination and Pola Office 6% hydrogen peroxide have been used for ceramic bleaching. The experimental investigation and performed statistical analysis revealed that the highest surface roughness changes of all investigated ceramics were caused by the hydrogen peroxide and the lowest by carbamide peroxide. These findings correlated well with the colour changes observed in the same bleached dental ceramic samples indicating potential of carbamide peroxide as the most prospective bleaching agent.
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AlKhathlan MS, AlMukhallafi FA, AlShammari SM, AL-Mutairi AR, AlGhannam SMS, Alotaibi ANN, Al-Amri TRS, AlAmri FMA, Maimoni AGA, Thari WMB. Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on the Color Stability and Roughness of Nano-Filled Composites: A Literature Review. PHARMACOPHORE 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/kot90agznu] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Esmaeili B, Shakibafard M, Ezoji F, Bijani A. Evaluation of the effects of different concentrations of bleaching agents on flexural strength and microhardness of VITA ENAMIC. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.344155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abdelaziz KM, Mir S, Khateeb SU, Baba SM, Alshahrani SS, Alshahrani EA, Alsafi ZA. Influences of Successive Exposure to Bleaching and Fluoride Preparations on the Surface Hardness and Roughness of the Aged Resin Composite Restoratives. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E476. [PMID: 32947937 PMCID: PMC7557809 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Surfaces of composite restorations are adversely affected upon bleaching and topical fluoride application. Such a procedure is normally carried out in the presence of restorations already serving in a different oral environment, although previous in vitro studies only considered the freshly-prepared composite specimens for assessment. The current study accordingly aimed to evaluate both the surface hardness and roughness of aged composite restoratives following their successive exposure to bleaching and topical fluoride preparations. Materials and Methods: Disc specimens were prepared from micro-hybrid, nano-filled, flowable and bulk-fill resin composites (groups 1-4, n = 60 each). All specimens were subjected to artificial aging before their intermittent exposure to surface treatment with: none (control), bleach or topical fluoride (subgroups 1-3, n = 20). All surface treatments were interrupted with two periods of 5000 thermal cycles. Specimens' surfaces were then tested for both surface hardness (Vickers hardness number (VHN), n = 10) and roughness (Ra, n = 10). The collected VHNs and Ras were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's comparisons at α = 0.05 to confirm the significance of differences between subgroups. Results: None of the tested composites showed differences in surface hardness and roughness between the bleached and the non-treated specimens (p > 0.05), but the bleached flowable composite specimens only were rougher than their control (p < 0.000126). In comparison to the control, fluoride treatment not only reduced the surface hardness of both micro-hybrid (p = 0.000129) and flowable (p = 0.0029) composites, but also increased the surface roughness of all tested composites (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Aged composite restoratives provide minimal surface alterations on successive bleaching and fluoride applications. Flowable resin composite is the most affected by such procedures. Although bleaching seems safe for other types of composites, the successive fluoride application could deteriorate the aged surfaces of the tested resin composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M. Abdelaziz
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (S.U.K.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Shugufta Mir
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (S.U.K.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Shafait Ullah Khateeb
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (S.U.K.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Suheel M. Baba
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.M.); (S.U.K.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Saud S. Alshahrani
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (E.A.A.); (Z.A.A.)
| | - Eman A. Alshahrani
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (E.A.A.); (Z.A.A.)
| | - Zahra A. Alsafi
- Intern, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 61471, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.A.); (E.A.A.); (Z.A.A.)
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Tinastepe N, Malkondu O, Iscan I, Kazazoglu E. Effect of home and over the contour bleaching on stainability of
CAD
/
CAM
esthetic restorative materials. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2020; 33:303-313. [DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ozlem Malkondu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Yeditepe University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ipek Iscan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Medipol University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ender Kazazoglu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry Yeditepe University Istanbul Turkey
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Effects of 16% Carbamide Peroxide Bleaching on the Surface Properties of Glazed Glassy Matrix Ceramics. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1864298. [PMID: 32104679 PMCID: PMC7035531 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1864298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective To determine the influence of the home bleaching agent, Opalescence PF, on the surface roughness and microhardness of glazed glassy matrix CAD-CAM ceramics. Materials and Methods. The 28 sintered leucite- and lithium disilicate-reinforced ceramic specimens (IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD) were divided into control and bleached groups. The home bleaching agent was applied to specimens of bleached groups for 7 days. The surface roughness and microhardness of all specimens were measured. A scanning electron microscope was used to evaluate the surface properties. The data were statistically analyzed by two-way ANOVA. Results The control e.max CAD showed the lowest surface roughness values. For both Empress and e.max CAD, surface roughness was significantly higher for the bleached group (p < 0.05). No significant differences in microhardness were observed. Conclusions According to our study, patients should be careful when using home bleaching agents because whitening agents can affect the mechanical properties of full ceramic restorations like e.max CAD and Empress CAD. Ceramic polishing may be required in clinical situations where ceramic restorations are accidentally exposed to bleaching gels.
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García LMG, de Godoi APT, Serra OA, de Lima JF, de P A Almeida L, Dotta TC, Corona SAM, Dos Reis AC, Catirse ABCEB. Influence of surface treatment on the fluorescence of composite resins subjected to in situ bleaching. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2019; 32:51-56. [PMID: 31631485 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Use fluorescence analysis to evaluate the effect of polishing and surface sealant on the color of composite resin bleached with carbamide peroxide and subjected to staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight composite resin specimens (Z250/Z350XT) were fabricated. After 24 hours stored in distilled water, all specimens were submitted to in situ bleaching with 16% home peroxide for 8 hours daily for a period of 14 days. Subsequently specimens were separated in three groups according to surface treatment proposed (group 1-polishing Sof-Lex; group 2-BisCover; group 3-control). After this, all the specimens were stained with red wine. A spectrofluorometer was used to evaluate the fluorescence in two readouts (L0-after surface treatment and L1-after staining).Data were analyzed by applying ANOVA using a statistical software program. RESULTS No differences were shown for the factor treatment and other interactions. The lowest mean fluorescence value was found for Z350XT resin (1759.18 ± 0.13) when compared with Z250 (6863.92 ± 0.13). There was significant difference in the mean fluorescence values for all surface treatments between the two different readouts L0 (4820.93 ± 0.05) and L1 (3802.17 ± 0.05). CONCLUSION The results suggested that all surface treatments proposed did not influenced the results of wine staining of bleached resins when compared with the control evaluated by the fluorescence method. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The purposes of this research was to find solutions, by means of surfaces treatment, to achieve restorations with a satisfactory and similar final aspect in relation to the teeth, and avoid discrepancies related to the esthetics and longevity of the restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes M G García
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Department of Materials and Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula T de Godoi
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Department of Materials and Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo A Serra
- Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, Department of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana F de Lima
- Ribeirão Preto School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, Department of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo de P A Almeida
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane C Dotta
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silmara A M Corona
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréa C Dos Reis
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alma B C E B Catirse
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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