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Naser AY, Alrawashdeh HM, Alwafi H, Alyami HS, Dahmash EZ, Ghoul I, Shishtawi AA, Abdelwahab GM, Qadus S, Taybeh E, Abuthawabeh R, Hassanin F, Alhartani YJ, Alyami MH, Salawati EM, Alwan SS. Knowledge and awareness of the general population and healthcare providers about retinoblastoma: It is time to know the glow. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14298. [PMID: 33928718 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most frequent primary intraocular tumour in childhood. Early detection of retinoblastoma is the key to successful management with a higher chance of survival. This study aims to assess the knowledge of the general population and healthcare providers about retinoblastoma in term of presentation, risk factors, timing for diagnosis, and complications. A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in three Arab countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq) between 28 August and 16 September 2020. The questionnaire tool was constructed based on an extensive literature review to explore the study's aim and objectives. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of better knowledge about retinoblastoma. A total of 3676 participants were involved in the study (Jordan = 2654, Saudi Arabia = 604, and Iraq = 418). The average retinoblastoma knowledge score for the whole study population was 6.25 (SD = 4.12) out of 21, representing 29.8% (out of the maximum possible total score). Participants aged above 50 years old, married individuals, those with a secondary education level, those who work as professionals in industry, those who have more than four children, and those who reported that they were not in direct contact with a large number of children were less likely to be knowledgeable about retinoblastoma presentation, risk factors, the timing for diagnosis, and complications (P < .05). Early detection is the cornerstone for decreasing morbidity and mortality among children with retinoblastoma. However, the awareness and knowledge about retinoblastoma are very limited in our study population. Efforts should be directed at increasing awareness of both the general population and healthcare providers regarding retinoblastoma. Policymakers are responsible for improving knowledge and awareness about retinoblastoma to facilitate early detection of the disease by conducting awareness campaigns in addition to improve screening skills of healthcare providers and providing them with proper screening and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad S Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Z Dahmash
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Imene Ghoul
- Paediatric Department, Ibn AL Haytham Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Ghada Mohammad Abdelwahab
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sami Qadus
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Esra' Taybeh
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rasha Abuthawabeh
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fadi Hassanin
- Ophthalmology Department, college of medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra J Alhartani
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad H Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad M Salawati
- Family medicine Department, Faculty of medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwan Salah Alwan
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
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Soliman SE, Eldomiaty W, Goweida MB, Dowidar A. Clinical presentation of retinoblastoma in Alexandria: A step toward earlier diagnosis. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2017; 31:80-85. [PMID: 28559718 PMCID: PMC5436382 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma in Alexandria, Egypt, correlate the timing of accurate diagnosis with the presence of advanced disease and identify causes of delayed presentation. Methods Retrospective noncomparative single institution study reviews demographic and clinical data of all new children with retinoblastoma presenting to Alexandria Main University ocular oncology clinic (OOC) from January 2012 to June 2014. Diagnosis time was from initial parental complaint to retinoblastoma diagnosis and referral time was from retinoblastoma diagnosis to presentation to the Alexandria OCC. Delayed Diagnosis and referral were counted if >2 weeks. Advanced presentation is defined as clinical TNMH (8th edition) staging of cT2 or cT3 (international intraocular retinoblastoma classification group D or E) in at least one eye or the presence of extra-ocular disease (cT4). Results Seventy eyes of 47 children were eligible: 52% unilateral, 7% with family history and 96% presented with leukocorea. Sixty-four percent of children had advanced intraocular disease and none had extra-ocular disease. Delayed presentation occurred in 58% of children and was significantly associated with advanced disease in both unilaterally and bilaterally affected children (p = 0.003, 0.002 respectively). The delay in diagnosis was more in unilateral cases while the delay in referral was more in bilateral cases. The main cause of delayed presentation in unilateral retinoblastoma was misdiagnosis (30%) while parental shopping for second medical opinion (30%) was the main cause in bilateral children. Conclusions Delayed diagnosis is a problem affecting retinoblastoma management. Better medical education and training, health education and earlier screening are recommended to achieve earlier diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh E Soliman
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.,The Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wesam Eldomiaty
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed B Goweida
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amgad Dowidar
- The Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Mourits DL, Hartong DT, Budding AE, Bosscha MI, Tan HS, Moll AC. Discharge and infection in retinoblastoma post-enucleation sockets. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11:465-472. [PMID: 28280296 PMCID: PMC5338952 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s120653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the causes and treatment options for socket discharge and infection in patients enucleated for retinoblastoma (Rb). Methods A questionnaire was filled out by (parents of) ocular prosthesis-wearing patients with a history of enucleation as treatment for Rb. We collected data on patients’ characteristics, cleaning habits of the prosthesis, frequency of socket irritation, discharge, and infection, and use of antibiotics. With ordinal logistic regression analysis, factors related to the outcome parameters (frequency of irritation, mucoid and purulent discharge) were identified. In a subset of young asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, a swab culture of the socket was performed to determine the presence of microorganisms. Results A total of 186 patients or their parents (mean age of the patients: 17.3 years, ranging from 0.8 to 88.3 years) filled out the questionnaire. Irritation, mucoid discharge, and purulent discharge were frequently (once a month or more often) experienced in 75 (39.5%), 127 (66.8%), and 15 (13.2%) sockets, respectively. Younger age was associated with a higher frequency of mucoid and purulent discharge. Radiation therapy, chemotherapy, gender, age at surgery, cleaning frequency, and nocturnal wear were not associated with the outcome parameters. In a subgroup of 26 patients, the sockets were swabbed and cultured. All symptomatic patients had a positive bacterial culture versus 15% (2/13) of the asymptomatic patients (P<0.001). Common cold was correlated with both symptoms and presence of bacteria. Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus were the species most frequently cultured. Conclusion Ocular prosthesis-wearing patients often experienced mucoid discharge, and less often irritation and socket infection. These complaints were found to decrease with increasing age, but did not seem to be influenced by cleaning or wearing habits. Symptomatic sockets, with and without discharge, were correlated with the presence of pathogenic bacteria for which local antibiotic treatment seemed effective in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andries E Budding
- Department of Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - H Stevie Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center
| | - Annette C Moll
- Department of Ophthalmology, VU University Medical Center
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Gelaw Y, Shoukry SM, Othman IS. Unusually very late-onset new growth of intraocular retinoblastoma: A case report and review of literature. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2016; 5:130-133. [PMID: 29503965 PMCID: PMC5758026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report a patient who presented with a very late-onset new growth of intraocular retinoblastoma, which occurred 11 years after the initial combined treatment. Observations A 12-year-old monoophthalmic female patient presented with bilateral familial retinoblastoma showing new growth of intraocular tumor after 11 years of complete regression following combined local and systemic treatments. The new tumor growth was treated with diode laser transpupillary thermotherapy, ruthenium-106 plaque radiotherapy and adjuvant intravenous chemotherapy and the tumor regressed. Conclusions and importance Despite initial satisfactory treatment and complete regression of the tumor, very late-onset new growth of intraocular retinoblastoma can occur. Hence, life-long follow-up in all patients with retinoblastoma is warranted, given the risk for new tumor formation even later in life. To our knowledge, this is the first report of new growth of intraocular retinoblastoma after regression for more than a decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeshigeta Gelaw
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Eye and Laser World Hospital, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shoeib Mohamed Shoukry
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Kasr EL-Ainie Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Eye and Laser World Hospital, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ihab Saad Othman
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Kasr EL-Ainie Medical School, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Eye and Laser World Hospital, Giza, Egypt
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