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Ali KE, Naser AY, Al-Rousan R, Alwafi H, AbuAlhommos AK, Alsairafi ZK, Salawati EM, Samannodi M, Dairi MS. The attitude and acceptability towards medical promotional tools and their influence on physicians' prescribing practices in Jordan and Iraq: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:105. [PMID: 35078461 PMCID: PMC8790844 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pharmaceutical companies spend more than one-third of their sales revenue on marketing and promotion directed toward healthcare professionals. There has been a focus on the relationship between healthcare professionals and the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. This study aims to explore the attitude toward and acceptability of medical promotional tools and their influence on physicians’ prescribing practices in Jordan and Iraq. Methods A cross-sectional survey study was conducted to explore the influence of visits by medical representatives (MRs) and medical promotions on physicians’ prescribing practices between June and October 2020 in Jordan and Iraq. Previously validated questionnaires were used. Results A total of 801 physicians completed the questionnaires. Face-to-face visits, followed by the dispensing of medical samples, were the two most common promotional methods used by MRs. 48% of participating physicians reported that they would accept the promotional marketing tools offered to them. MRs focused on the key selling points of their product during medical promotions, and 39.6% of the physicians reported that MRs had a negative attitude toward their competitors’ products. 69.9% of the physicians reported that they would change their practice after participating in conferences or meetings. Conclusion Medical promotional tools have a clear influence on physicians’ prescribing practices in Jordan and Iraq. Therefore, medical promotion should be controlled and guided by clear and country-specific ethical guidelines. This will ensure safe medical promotion to physicians and optimise the healthcare practices provided to patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-07525-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karrar Ehsan Ali
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan.,Inpatient pharmacy department, General Hospital in Al Diwaniyah, Al Qadisiyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Rabaa Al-Rousan
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Khaleel AbuAlhommos
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Alhasa, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Emad M Salawati
- Family medicine Department, Faculty of medicine, King Abdulaziz university, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad S Dairi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Alwafi H, Samannodi MS, Almatrafi M, Miyajan KF, Bishara A, Salawati EM, Naser AY, Almatrafi MA. Chronic Vomiting and Weight Loss Due to Cecal Pinworm Infestation: A Case Report and Brief Literature Review. Cureus 2021; 13:e19319. [PMID: 34909287 PMCID: PMC8653852 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis), also called pinworm or threadworm, is a widespread parasitic infection that has infected approximately 40 million individuals in the United States. However, the infection is rarely seen in the adult population. An atypical presentation of Enterobius vermicularis (E. vermicularis) infection has been reported previously in children and infants. However, there are no previous reports of this infection among adults in the Middle East. We present a case of a 30-year-old Saudi male patient who presented with significant weight loss, diarrhea, and vomiting. A colonoscopy revealed E. vermicularis in the cecum. The patient received one dose of oral albendazole 400 mg and then a repeat dose in two weeks based on his colonoscopy findings. The patient was seen in an outpatient clinic and reported complete resolution of postprandial vomiting. Asking about risk factors if there is any contact with contamination is essential. In addition, colonoscopy and stool analysis may also be considered to confirm the diagnosis. However, future studies investigating the incidence and risk factors of this infection are warranted as similar studies reporting this infection in Saudi Arabia are limited. Proper diagnosis and treatment are also essential to prevent complications of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Alwafi
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Mohammed S Samannodi
- Internal Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU.,Internal Medicine, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | - Ahmed Bishara
- Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Emad M Salawati
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Abdullah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Al Isra University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amman, JOR
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3
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Naser AY, Mansour MM, Alanazi AFR, Sabha O, Alwafi H, Jalal Z, Paudyal V, Dairi MS, Salawati EM, Alqahtan JS, Alaamri S, Mustafa Ali MK. Hospital admission trends due to respiratory diseases in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019: an ecologic study. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:356. [PMID: 34749696 PMCID: PMC8573565 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying trends of hospital admissions for respiratory diseases is crucial for public health and research to guide future clinical improvements for better outcomes. This study aims to define the trends of respiratory disease-related hospital admissions (RRHA) in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019. METHODS An ecological study was conducted using hospital admission data taken from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database for Wales. Hospital admissions data for respiratory diseases were extracted for the period between April 1999 and March 2019. The trend in hospital admissions was assessed using a Poisson model. RESULTS Hospital admission rate increased by 104.7% [from 1535.05 (95% CI 1531.71-1538.38) in 1999 to 3142.83 (95% CI 3138.39-3147.26) in 2019 per 100,000 persons, trend test, p < 0.01]. The most common causes were influenza and pneumonia, chronic lower respiratory diseases, other acute lower respiratory infections, which accounted for 26.6%, 26.4%, and 14.9%, respectively. The age group 75 years and above accounted for 34.1% of the total number of hospital admissions. Males contributed to 50.5% of the total number of hospital admissions. Hospital admission rate in females increased by 119.8% [from 1442.18 (95% CI 1437.66-1446.70) in 1999 to 3169.38 (95% CI 3163.11-3175.64) in 2019 per 100,000 persons, trend test, p < 0.001]. Hospital admission rate increased by 92.9% in males [from 1633.25 (95% CI 1628.32-1638.17) in 1999 to 3149.78 (95% CI 3143.46-3156.09) in 2019 per 100,000 persons, trend test, p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION During the study period, hospital admissions rate due to respiratory diseases increased sharply. The rates of hospital admissions were higher among males for the vast majority of respiratory diseases. Further observational studies are warranted to identify risk factors for these hospital admissions and to offer relevant interventions to mitigate the risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, 11622, Jordan.
| | - Munthir M Mansour
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Center, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Abeer F R Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Omar Sabha
- Al Khalidi Hospital and Medical Center, Amman, 11183, Jordan
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, 21514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahraa Jalal
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Vibhu Paudyal
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mohammad S Dairi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, 21514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad M Salawati
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber S Alqahtan
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shalan Alaamri
- Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah, 24231, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moaath K Mustafa Ali
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 20742, USA
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Naser AY, Alrawashdeh HM, Alwafi H, AbuAlhommos AK, Jalal Z, Paudyal V, Alsairafi ZK, Salawati EM, Samannodi M, Sweiss K, Aldalameh Y, Alsaleh FM, Abusamak M, Shamieh A, Tantawi EI, Dairi MS, Dairi M. Hospital Admission Trends Due to Viral Infections Characterised by Skin and Mucous Membrane Lesions in the Past Two Decades in England and Wales: An Ecological Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182111649. [PMID: 34770162 PMCID: PMC8582963 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the trends in hospital admissions due to viral infections characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions in England and Wales between 1999 and 2019. Methods: This is an ecological study using publicly available databases in England and Wales; the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database for Wales. Hospital admissions data were collected for the period between April 1999 and March 2019. Hospital admissions due to viral infections characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions were identified using the tenth version of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases system, diagnostic codes B00–B09. The trend in hospital admissions was assessed using a Poisson model. Results: Hospital admissions for different causes increased by 51.9% (from 25.67 (95% CI 25.23–26.10) in 1999 to 38.98 (95% CI 38.48–39.48) in 2019 per 100,000 persons, trend test, p < 0.01). The most prevalent viral infections characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions hospital admissions causes were zoster (herpes zoster), varicella (chickenpox), herpesviral (herpes simplex) infections, and viral warts, which accounted for 26.9%, 23.4%, 18.7%, and 17.6%, respectively. The age group below 15 years accounted for 43.2% of the total number of admissions. Females contributed to 50.5% of the total number of admissions. Hospital admission rate in males increased by 61.1% (from 25.21 (95% CI 24.59–25.82) in 1999 to 40.60 (95% CI 39.87–41.32) in 2019 per 100,000 persons). The increase in females was 43.2% (from 26.11 (95% CI 25.49–26.72) in 1999 to 37.40 (95% CI 36.70–38.09) in 2019 per 100,000 persons). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates an evident variation in hospital admission of viral infections characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions based on age and gender. Efforts should be directed towards vaccinating high-risk groups, particularly the elderly and females. Moreover, efforts should be focused on vaccinating the young population against varicella, particularly females who are more susceptible to acquiring the infection. Further observational and epidemiological studies are needed to identify other factors associated with increased hospital admission rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Y. Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +96-27-9528-5555
| | | | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca 21514, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (M.S.); (M.S.D.); (M.D.)
- Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mecca 24241, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Khaleel AbuAlhommos
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Alhasa 43518, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Zahraa Jalal
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (Z.J.); (V.P.)
| | - Vibhu Paudyal
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (Z.J.); (V.P.)
| | - Zahra Khalil Alsairafi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 12037, Kuwait; (Z.K.A.); (F.M.A.)
| | - Emad M. Salawati
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Samannodi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca 21514, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (M.S.); (M.S.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Kanar Sweiss
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan; (K.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Yousef Aldalameh
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan; (K.S.); (Y.A.)
| | - Fatemah M. Alsaleh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 12037, Kuwait; (Z.K.A.); (F.M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Abusamak
- Department of General and Special Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al Balqa Applied University, Salt 19117, Jordan;
| | - Ahmad Shamieh
- Daniel Castro Dental Clinics, El Paso, TX 79911, USA;
| | - Eyad I. Tantawi
- Department of General Surgery, King Faisal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Mecca 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad S. Dairi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca 21514, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (M.S.); (M.S.D.); (M.D.)
| | - Motaz Dairi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca 21514, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (M.S.); (M.S.D.); (M.D.)
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Salawati EM. Fatal disseminated pyogenic infection due to hypermucoviscous hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: A case report and literature review. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04754. [PMID: 34584696 PMCID: PMC8455969 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumonia is becoming recognized globally and has been associated with serious sequelae including death. However, ethnicity and metastatic infections are characteristics for hypermucoviscous hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) and should be rolled in/out by PCR and/or string test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M. Salawati
- Department of Family MedicineFaculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
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6
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Naser AY, Alwafi H, Amara NA, Alhamad H, Almadani MA, Alsairafi ZK, Salawati EM. Epidemiology of depression and anxiety among undergraduate students. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14414. [PMID: 34051027 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Depression and anxiety are the most common and prevalent mental health issues among undergraduate students. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and depression, their associated predictors, and to assess knowledge and use of antidepressant medications among university students in Jordan. METHODS A cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted in Jordan among undergraduate students from all levels of study. Istilli et al's questionnaire, the PHQ-9 and generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) scales were used in this study to explore the study objectives. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of anxiety and depression. RESULTS A total of 1582 undergraduate students participated in the study. Prevalence of depression was 22.3% (n = 330), with proportions of minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression to be 15.9%, 32.4%, 29.5%, 14.7% and 7.6%, respectively. Prevalence of anxiety was 15.8% (n = 173), with proportions of mild, moderate and severe anxiety to be 46.4%, 37.8% and 15.8%, respectively. Female students and those with low income (<500 JD) had higher depression mean scores compared with others. Females, arts and engineering students, divorced and those who have four or more children had higher anxiety mean scores compared with others. CONCLUSION Findings of this study addressed the importance of taking serious measures and interventions to prevent the development of severe mental illness among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hamza Alhamad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | | | - Zahra Khalil Alsairafi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Emad M Salawati
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Naser AY, Alrawashdeh HM, Alwafi H, Alyami HS, Dahmash EZ, Ghoul I, Shishtawi AA, Abdelwahab GM, Qadus S, Taybeh E, Abuthawabeh R, Hassanin F, Alhartani YJ, Alyami MH, Salawati EM, Alwan SS. Knowledge and awareness of the general population and healthcare providers about retinoblastoma: It is time to know the glow. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14298. [PMID: 33928718 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most frequent primary intraocular tumour in childhood. Early detection of retinoblastoma is the key to successful management with a higher chance of survival. This study aims to assess the knowledge of the general population and healthcare providers about retinoblastoma in term of presentation, risk factors, timing for diagnosis, and complications. A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted in three Arab countries (Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq) between 28 August and 16 September 2020. The questionnaire tool was constructed based on an extensive literature review to explore the study's aim and objectives. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of better knowledge about retinoblastoma. A total of 3676 participants were involved in the study (Jordan = 2654, Saudi Arabia = 604, and Iraq = 418). The average retinoblastoma knowledge score for the whole study population was 6.25 (SD = 4.12) out of 21, representing 29.8% (out of the maximum possible total score). Participants aged above 50 years old, married individuals, those with a secondary education level, those who work as professionals in industry, those who have more than four children, and those who reported that they were not in direct contact with a large number of children were less likely to be knowledgeable about retinoblastoma presentation, risk factors, the timing for diagnosis, and complications (P < .05). Early detection is the cornerstone for decreasing morbidity and mortality among children with retinoblastoma. However, the awareness and knowledge about retinoblastoma are very limited in our study population. Efforts should be directed at increasing awareness of both the general population and healthcare providers regarding retinoblastoma. Policymakers are responsible for improving knowledge and awareness about retinoblastoma to facilitate early detection of the disease by conducting awareness campaigns in addition to improve screening skills of healthcare providers and providing them with proper screening and diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Y Naser
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Hassan Alwafi
- Faculty of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad S Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Z Dahmash
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Imene Ghoul
- Paediatric Department, Ibn AL Haytham Hospital, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Ghada Mohammad Abdelwahab
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sami Qadus
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Esra' Taybeh
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rasha Abuthawabeh
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Fadi Hassanin
- Ophthalmology Department, college of medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosra J Alhartani
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mohammad H Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad M Salawati
- Family medicine Department, Faculty of medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwan Salah Alwan
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman, Jordan
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Alhazmi AA, Alzahrani SH, Baig M, Salawati EM, Alkatheri A. Prevalence and factors associated with smartphone addiction among medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Pak J Med Sci 2018; 34:984-988. [PMID: 30190766 PMCID: PMC6115587 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.344.15294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate smartphone addiction among medical students and to determine factors associated with smartphone addiction among sixth-year medical students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 sixth-year medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, during July 2017. Data analysis was done using SPSS-20. Results The number of completed questionnaires received was181 out of 203, making a response rate of 89%. There were 87 male respondents (48.1%) and 94 female respondents (51.9%). The overall prevalence of smartphone addiction was 66 (36.5%). There is a statistically significant relationship between daily hours of smartphone usage and smartphone addiction (p<0.02). Out of 66 addicted students, 24 (55.8%) students reported using their smartphone more than five hours daily, 17(34.7%) students were using it 4 to 5 hours daily, 13 (27.7%) students were using it 2 to 3 hours daily and 12(28.6%) students were using it less than two hours daily. The study showed no statistically significant relationship between smartphone addiction and smoking statusor degree of obesity. There was a significant association between the total score on the smartphone addiction scale and daily usage hours (p-value<0.005). Conclusion The overall prevalence of smartphone addiction was high among our study participants. The smartphone addiction was associated with daily hours of smartphone usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Aziz Alhazmi
- Alaa Aziz Alhazmi, Public Health Administration, Ministry of Health, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami H Alzahrani
- Sami H. Alzahrani, Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Mukhtiar Baig, Clinical Biochemistry/Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad M Salawati
- Emad M. Salawati, Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alkatheri
- Ahmad alkatheri, Family and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alzahrani SH, Bakarman MA, Alqahtani SM, Alqahtani MS, Butt NS, Salawati EM, Alkatheri A, Malik AA, Saad K. Awareness of diabetic retinopathy among people with diabetes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2018; 9:103-112. [PMID: 29619207 PMCID: PMC5871062 DOI: 10.1177/2042018818758621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the foremost cause of blindness. This study aimed to assess the level of awareness of DR and its related risk factors among patients with DM in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with DM attending primary health care centers at the Ministry of Health in Jeddah. A structured, pretested, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on the sociodemographic and DM- and DR-related characteristics of the patients. RESULTS A total of 377 patients were enrolled. About 82.6% of the patients were aware that DM can affect their eyes, and they listed physicians, ophthalmologists, television, and family members as common sources of information on the topic. About 36% of the patients reported that their doctors had not advised them about it. More than half responded that they did not feel their vision to be affected by DM. More than 58% had never been diagnosed with DR. About 35% did not go to their eye checkups, even though around 59% thought that DR could lead to blindness. Of the 64% of patients whose DM was well controlled, 11% and 25% listed surgery and laser treatment, respectively, as available treatment options for DR. The following factors were found to be significant in relation to the subjects' awareness that DM can affect their eyes: the patients' perception of their doctors' advice about DR; the experience of having their vision affected by DM; the knowledge that DR may lead to blindness; the practice of going to eye checkups. CONCLUSIONS Despite having good awareness about DM and its effects on eyes, the patients exhibited a relative lack of awareness about DR. Considering the association of DR with DM, its increasing magnitude is a potential burden on the community and health systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami H. Alzahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80205, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan A. Bakarman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Maha S. Alqahtani
- Public Health Administration, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem Shafique Butt
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad M. Salawati
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alkatheri
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Azam Malik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Saad
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University Assiut, Egypt
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