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Dikeos D, Wichniak A, Ktonas PY, Mikoteit T, Crönlein T, Eckert A, Kopřivová J, Ntafouli M, Spiegelhalder K, Hatzinger M, Riemann D, Soldatos C. The potential of biomarkers for diagnosing insomnia: Consensus statement of the WFSBP Task Force on Sleep Disorders. World J Biol Psychiatry 2023; 24:614-642. [PMID: 36880792 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2023.2171479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thus far, the diagnosis of insomnia is based on purely clinical criteria. Although a broad range of altered physiological parameters has been identified in insomniacs, the evidence to establish their diagnostic usefulness is very limited. Purpose of this WFSBP Task Force consensus paper is to systematically evaluate a series of biomarkers as potential diagnostic tools for insomnia. METHODS A newly created grading system was used for assessing the validity of various measurements in establishing the diagnosis of insomnia; these measurements originated from relevant studies selected and reviewed by experts. RESULTS The measurements with the highest diagnostic performance were those derived from psychometric instruments. Biological measurements which emerged as potentially useful diagnostic instruments were polysomnography-derived cyclic alternating pattern, actigraphy, and BDNF levels, followed by heart rate around sleep onset, deficient melatonin rhythm, and certain neuroimaging patterns (mainly for the activity of frontal and pre-frontal cortex, hippocampus and basal ganglia); yet, these findings need replication, as well as establishment of commonly accepted methodology and diagnostic cut-off points. Routine polysomnography, EEG spectral analysis, heart rate variability, skin conductance, thermoregulation, oxygen consumption, HPA axis, and inflammation indices were not shown to be of satisfactory diagnostic value. CONCLUSIONS Apart from psychometric instruments which are confirmed to be the gold standard in diagnosing insomnia, six biomarkers emerge as being potentially useful for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Dikeos
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Adam Wichniak
- Third Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Medicine Center, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Periklis Y Ktonas
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thorsten Mikoteit
- Psychiatric Services Solothurn, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Tatjana Crönlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne Eckert
- Neurobiology Lab for Brain Aging and Mental Health, Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular & Cognitive Neuroscience (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jana Kopřivová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Maria Ntafouli
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hatzinger
- Psychiatric Services Solothurn, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Solothurn, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Soldatos
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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2
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Rösler L, van der Lande G, Leerssen J, Cox R, Ramautar JR, van Someren EJW. Actigraphy in studies on insomnia: Worth the effort? J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13750. [PMID: 36217775 PMCID: PMC10078209 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the past decades, actigraphy has emerged as a promising, cost-effective, and easy-to-use tool for ambulatory sleep recording. Polysomnography (PSG) validation studies showed that actigraphic sleep estimates fare relatively well in healthy sleepers. Additionally, round-the-clock actigraphy recording has been used to study circadian rhythms in various populations. To this date, however, there is little evidence that the diagnosis, monitoring, or treatment of insomnia can significantly benefit from actigraphy recordings. Using a case-control design, we therefore critically examined whether mean or within-subject variability of actigraphy sleep estimates or circadian patterns add to the understanding of sleep complaints in insomnia. We acquired actigraphy recordings and sleep diaries of 37 controls and 167 patients with varying degrees of insomnia severity for up to 9 consecutive days in their home environment. Additionally, the participants spent one night in the laboratory, where actigraphy was recorded alongside PSG to check whether sleep, in principle, is well estimated. Despite moderate to strong agreement between actigraphy and PSG sleep scoring in the laboratory, ambulatory actigraphic estimates of average sleep and circadian rhythm variables failed to successfully differentiate patients with insomnia from controls in the home environment. Only total sleep time differed between the groups. Additionally, within-subject variability of sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset was higher in patients. Insomnia research may therefore benefit from shifting attention from average sleep variables to day-to-day variability or from the development of non-motor home-assessed indicators of sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Rösler
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Glenn van der Lande
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne Leerssen
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Cox
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer R Ramautar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eus J W van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Psychiatry, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Liguori C, Mombelli S, Fernandes M, Zucconi M, Plazzi G, Ferini-Strambi L, Logroscino G, Mercuri NB, Filardi M. The evolving role of quantitative actigraphy in clinical sleep medicine. Sleep Med Rev 2023; 68:101762. [PMID: 36773596 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Actigraphy has a consolidated role in Insomnia and Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders (CRSWD) and recent studies have highlighted the use of actigraphy for narcolepsy and REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD). This review aims at summarising the results of studies published over the last decade regarding the use of actigraphy. Thirty-five studies proved eligible, and results were analysed separately for insomnia, narcolepsy and RBD. Actigraphy showed to consistently differentiate insomnia patients from healthy controls. Furthermore, the application of advanced analytical techniques has been shown to provide both unique insights into the physiology of insomnia and sleep misperception and to improve the specificity of actigraphy in detecting wakefulness within sleep periods. Regarding narcolepsy, several studies showed that actigraphy can detect peculiar sleep/wake disruption and the effects of pharmacological treatments. Finally, although the number of studies in RBD patients is still limited, the available evidence indicates a reduced amplitude of the activity pattern, sleep-wake rhythm dysregulation and daytime sleepiness. Therefore, the potential use of these markers as predictors of phenoconversion should be further explored. In conclusion, quantitative actigraphy presents a renewed interest when considering the possibility of using actigraphy in clinical sleep medicine to diagnose, monitor, and follow sleep disorders other than CRSWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Liguori
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Samantha Mombelli
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariana Fernandes
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Zucconi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Plazzi
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Ferini-Strambi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology - Sleep Disorders Center, Milan, Italy; "Vita-Salute" San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione "Card. G. Panico", Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy; Sleep Medicine Centre, Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Filardi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neurosciences (DiBraiN), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari Aldo Moro at Pia Fondazione "Card. G. Panico", Italy
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Budig M, Stoohs R, Keiner M. Validity of Two Consumer Multisport Activity Tracker and One Accelerometer against Polysomnography for Measuring Sleep Parameters and Vital Data in a Laboratory Setting in Sleep Patients. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:s22239540. [PMID: 36502241 PMCID: PMC9741062 DOI: 10.3390/s22239540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two commercial multisport activity trackers (Garmin Forerunner 945 and Polar Ignite) and the accelerometer ActiGraph GT9X were evaluated in measuring vital data, sleep stages and sleep/wake patterns against polysomnography (PSG). Forty-nine adult patients with suspected sleep disorders (30 males/19 females) completed a one-night PSG sleep examination followed by a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). Sleep parameters, time in bed (TIB), total sleep time (TST), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep onset latency (SOL), awake time (WASO + SOL), sleep stages (light, deep, REM sleep) and the number of sleep cycles were compared. Both commercial trackers showed high accuracy in measuring vital data (HR, HRV, SpO2, respiratory rate), r > 0.92. For TIB and TST, all three trackers showed medium to high correlation, r > 0.42. Garmin had significant overestimation of TST, with MAE of 84.63 min and MAPE of 25.32%. Polar also had an overestimation of TST, with MAE of 45.08 min and MAPE of 13.80%. ActiGraph GT9X results were inconspicuous. The trackers significantly underestimated awake times (WASO + SOL) with weak correlation, r = 0.11−0.57. The highest MAE was 50.35 min and the highest MAPE was 83.02% for WASO for Garmin and ActiGraph GT9X; Polar had the highest MAE of 21.17 min and the highest MAPE of 141.61% for SOL. Garmin showed significant deviations for sleep stages (p < 0.045), while Polar only showed significant deviations for sleep cycle (p = 0.000), r < 0.50. Garmin and Polar overestimated light sleep and underestimated deep sleep, Garmin significantly, with MAE up to 64.94 min and MAPE up to 116.50%. Both commercial trackers Garmin and Polar did not detect any daytime sleep at all during the MSLT test. The use of the multisport activity trackers for sleep analysis can only be recommended for general daily use and for research purposes. If precise data on sleep stages and parameters are required, their use is limited. The accuracy of the vital data measurement was adequate. Further studies are needed to evaluate their use for medical purposes, inside and outside of the sleep laboratory. The accelerometer ActiGraph GT9X showed overall suitable accuracy in detecting sleep/wake patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Budig
- Department of Sports Science, German University of Health & Sport, 85737 Ismaning, Germany
| | | | - Michael Keiner
- Department of Sports Science, German University of Health & Sport, 85737 Ismaning, Germany
- Correspondence:
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5
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The effect of induced hyperammonaemia on sleep and melanopsin-mediated pupillary light response in patients with liver cirrhosis: A single-blinded randomized crossover trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275067. [PMID: 36170326 PMCID: PMC9518847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Sleep disturbances are related to hepatic encephalopathy and hyperammonaemia in patients with cirrhosis. The circadian rhythm is regulated by light stimulation of the retina via melanopsin-containing ganglion cells. The study aimed to investigate whether induced hyperammonaemia affects the pupillary light response and sleep efficiency in patients with cirrhosis. Methods The study was a single-blinded crossover trial including nine patients with cirrhosis. Sleep was evaluated by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and monitored for twelve nights with wrist accelerometers and sleep diaries. On two experimental days, separated by one week, patients were randomized to ingest either an oral amino acid challenge (AAC) or an isocaloric glucose solution (GS). We measured pupillary light response, capillary ammonia, the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and two neuropsychological tests on both experimental days. Results The patients had poor self-assessed sleep quality. The amino acid challenge led to a significant increase in capillary ammonia and KSS. The time spent in bed sleeping after AAC was longer and with a reduced movement index compared to baseline but not different from GS. We found no difference in the pupillary light response or neuropsychiatric tests when comparing the effect of AAC with GS. Conclusions Patients with cirrhosis had impaired sleep quality. Induced hyperammonaemia led to increased sleepiness but had no acute effect on pupillary light response or the neuropsychiatric tests. Trial registration Registration number: NCT04771104.
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Time Course of Motor Activity Wake Inertia Dissipation According to Age. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:381-386. [PMID: 36134944 PMCID: PMC9497613 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The time course of motor activity sleep inertia (maSI) dissipation was recently investigated through actigraphy in an everyday life condition from middle childhood to late adulthood. Motor activity sleep inertia was dissipated in 70 min, and the sleep inertia phenomenon was more evident in younger participants than in older participants. The aim of the current secondary analysis of previously published data was to examine, within the same sample, the time course of motor activity wake inertia (maWI) dissipation, i.e., the motor pattern in the transition phase from wakefulness to sleep, according to age. To this end, an overall sample of 374 participants (215 females), ranging in age between 9 and 70 years old, was examined. Each participant was asked to wear an actigraph around their non-dominant wrist for one week. The variation in the motor activity pattern of the wake–sleep transition according to age was examined through functional linear modeling (FLM). FLM showed that motor activity wake inertia dissipated around 20 min after bedtime. Moreover, a lower age was significantly associated with greater motor activity within the last two hours of wakefulness and the first twenty minutes after bedtime. Overall, this pattern of results seems to suggest that maWI dissipation is comparable to that of maSI.
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7
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Coluzzi D, Baselli G, Bianchi AM, Guerrero-Mora G, Kortelainen JM, Tenhunen ML, Mendez MO. Multi-Scale Evaluation of Sleep Quality Based on Motion Signal from Unobtrusive Device. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22145295. [PMID: 35890975 PMCID: PMC9323867 DOI: 10.3390/s22145295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are a growing threat nowadays as they are linked to neurological, cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. The gold standard methodology for sleep study is polysomnography (PSG), an intrusive and onerous technique that can disrupt normal routines. In this perspective, m-Health technologies offer an unobtrusive and rapid solution for home monitoring. We developed a multi-scale method based on motion signal extracted from an unobtrusive device to evaluate sleep behavior. Data used in this study were collected during two different acquisition campaigns by using a Pressure Bed Sensor (PBS). The first one was carried out with 22 subjects for sleep problems, and the second one comprises 11 healthy shift workers. All underwent full PSG and PBS recordings. The algorithm consists of extracting sleep quality and fragmentation indexes correlating to clinical metrics. In particular, the method classifies sleep windows of 1-s of the motion signal into: displacement (DI), quiet sleep (QS), disrupted sleep (DS) and absence from the bed (ABS). QS proved to be positively correlated (0.72±0.014) to Sleep Efficiency (SE) and DS/DI positively correlated (0.85±0.007) to the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI). The work proved to be potentially helpful in the early investigation of sleep in the home environment. The minimized intrusiveness of the device together with a low complexity and good performance might provide valuable indications for the home monitoring of sleep disorders and for subjects’ awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Coluzzi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.M.B.); (M.O.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Baselli
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.M.B.); (M.O.M.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Anna Maria Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.M.B.); (M.O.M.)
| | - Guillermina Guerrero-Mora
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 79615, Mexico;
| | | | - Mirja L. Tenhunen
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Medical Physics, Tampere University Hospital, Medical Imaging Centre, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Martin O. Mendez
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.M.B.); (M.O.M.)
- Laboratorio Nacional—Centro de Investigación, Instrumentación e Imagenología Médica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
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8
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Time Course of Motor Sleep Inertia Dissipation According to Age. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040424. [PMID: 35447956 PMCID: PMC9028565 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep inertia (SI) refers to a complex psychophysiological phenomenon observed after morning awakening that can be described as the gradual recovery of waking-like status after a night of sleep. The time course of SI dissipation in an everyday life condition is little studied. The present study aims to investigate the SI dissipation in motor activity, as a function of age, upon spontaneous morning awakening after a usual night-time sleep. To this end, we performed a retrospective study in a naturalistic setting in a wide life span sample: 382 healthy participants (219 females) from middle childhood (9 years old) to late adulthood (70 years old). Participants were required to wear the actigraph on the non-dominant wrist for at least seven consecutive nights. Results show that SI of motor activity is dissipated in 70 min. Mean motor activity in such a time window was significantly modulated by age: lower age corresponded to higher motor activity.
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Roh HW, Choi SJ, Jo H, Kim D, Choi JG, Son SJ, Joo EY. Associations of actigraphy derived rest activity patterns and circadian phase with clinical symptoms and polysomnographic parameters in chronic insomnia disorders. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4895. [PMID: 35318367 PMCID: PMC8941088 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored the associations of actigraphy-derived rest-activity patterns and circadian phase parameters with clinical symptoms and level 1 polysomnography (PSG) results in patients with chronic insomnia to evaluate the clinical implications of actigraphy-derived parameters for PSG interpretation. Seventy-five participants underwent actigraphy assessments and level 1 PSG. Exploratory correlation analyses between parameters derived from actigraphy, PSG, and clinical assessments were performed. First, participants were classified into two groups based on rest-activity pattern variables; group differences were investigated following covariate adjustment. Participants with poorer rest-activity patterns on actigraphy (low inter-day stability and high intra-daily variability) exhibited higher insomnia severity index scores than participants with better rest-activity patterns. No between-group differences in PSG parameters were observed. Second, participants were classified into two groups based on circadian phase variables. Late-phase participants (least active 5-h and most active 10-h onset times) exhibited higher insomnia severity scores, longer sleep and rapid eye movement latency, and lower apnea-hypopnea index than early-phase participants. These associations remained significant even after adjusting for potential covariates. Some actigraphy-derived rest-activity patterns and circadian phase parameters were significantly associated with clinical symptoms and PSG results, suggesting their possible adjunctive role in deriving plans for PSG lights-off time and assessing the possible insomnia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Woong Roh
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jung Choi
- Graduate School of Clinical Nursing Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Jo
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongyeop Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Gu Choi
- Yonsei Graduate Program in Cognitive Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeon Joo
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea.
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Baril AA, Beiser AS, Sanchez E, Mysliwiec V, Redline S, Gottlieb DJ, O’Connor GT, Gonzales MM, Himali D, Seshadri S, Himali JJ, Pase MP. Insomnia symptom severity and cognitive performance: Moderating role of APOE genotype. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:408-421. [PMID: 34310026 PMCID: PMC8802306 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We evaluated whether insomnia symptom severity was associated with cognitive function, and whether this relationship was modified by biomarkers associated with Alzheimer's disease risk. METHODS We examined insomnia symptoms and neuropsychological performance 3.4 years later in 511 dementia-free Framingham Heart Study participants (62.65 ± 8.7 years, 50.9% male). Additionally, we explored insomnia symptoms combined with self-reported short habitual sleep duration and effect modification by apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele status. RESULTS More severe insomnia symptoms were associated with lower performance on global cognition, and immediate and delayed Logical Memory recall, especially when insomnia symptoms were combined with short sleep duration. The association between insomnia symptoms and poorer memory recall was more pronounced in APOE ε4 allele carriers. DISCUSSION Insomnia symptom severity was associated with worse subsequent global cognitive and memory performance, which was especially apparent in APOE ε4 allele carriers, suggesting that poor sleep might be particularly detrimental when the brain is already vulnerable to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Ann Baril
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexa S. Beiser
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erlan Sanchez
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de MontréalCIUSSS-NIM, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Mysliwiec
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel J. Gottlieb
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George T. O’Connor
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mitzi M. Gonzales
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Dibya Himali
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jayandra J. Himali
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s & Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Matthew P. Pase
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Rani S, Shelyag S, Karmakar C, Zhu Y, Fossion R, Ellis JG, Drummond SPA, Angelova M. Differentiating acute from chronic insomnia with machine learning from actigraphy time series data. FRONTIERS IN NETWORK PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 2:1036832. [PMID: 36926085 PMCID: PMC10013073 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2022.1036832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute and chronic insomnia have different causes and may require different treatments. They are investigated with multi-night nocturnal actigraphy data from two sleep studies. Two different wrist-worn actigraphy devices were used to measure physical activities. This required data pre-processing and transformations to smooth the differences between devices. Statistical, power spectrum, fractal and entropy analyses were used to derive features from the actigraphy data. Sleep parameters were also extracted from the signals. The features were then submitted to four machine learning algorithms. The best performing model was able to distinguish acute from chronic insomnia with an accuracy of 81%. The algorithms were then used to evaluate the acute and chronic groups compared to healthy sleepers. The differences between acute insomnia and healthy sleep were more prominent than between chronic insomnia and healthy sleep. This may be associated with the adaptation of the physiology to prolonged periods of disturbed sleep for individuals with chronic insomnia. The new model is a powerful addition to our suite of machine learning models aiming to pre-screen insomnia at home with wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rani
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - S Shelyag
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - C Karmakar
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Ye Zhu
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - R Fossion
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3) and Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico.,Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, Mexico
| | - J G Ellis
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - S P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - M Angelova
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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12
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Léger D, Gauriau C, Etzi C, Ralambondrainy S, Heusèle C, Schnebert S, Dubois A, Gomez-Merino D, Dumas M. "You look sleepy…" The impact of sleep restriction on skin parameters and facial appearance of 24 women. Sleep Med 2021; 89:97-103. [PMID: 34971928 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total sleep deprivation has a visible impact on subjective facial appearance. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how moderate sleep restriction objectively impairs skin quality and facial aspect. METHODS Twenty-four healthy good-sleeping women, aged 30-55, volunteered for this study on the impact of sleep restriction (SR) on their facial skin. SR was limited to 3 h per night for 2 consecutive nights. We assessed the following parameters at the same time of day, before and after SR: sebumetry (Sebumeter SM 815), hydration (Corneometer CM 825), trans-epidermal water loss (Tewameter TM 210), biomechanical properties (Cutometer MPA 580), pH (PH-meter 900), desquamation quantification (D-Squameter and microscopy), and image analysis (ColorFace - Newtone Technologies). We also obtained skin samples (swab) for malondialdehyde quantification (MDA). RESULTS We observed that some skin parameters are significantly associated with SR in both the morning and afternoon, including: lower hydration (p < 0.001), increased trans-epidermal water loss (PIE) (p < 0.001), and decreased extensibility (Uf; p = 0.015) and viscosity (Uv; p < 0.001) of the skin. The average pH increased from 4.8 (±0.2) to 4.9 ± 0.4; p < 0.001. For face photography, brightness and saturation also significantly decreased with SR in mornings and afternoons (p < 0.001 for all tests). Finally, we observed a significant decrease in isolated corneocytes after desquamation associated with SR (p < 0.001 for all tests). SR was also associated with significantly increased MDA levels (p < 0.001 for all tests). CONCLUSIONS Two nights of SR significantly altered the skin and facial appearances in our test group of typically good-sleeping women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Léger
- Université de Paris, EA 7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique), Paris, France; APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Consultation de pathologie professionnelle Sommeil Vigilance et Travail, Paris, France.
| | - Caroline Gauriau
- APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Consultation de pathologie professionnelle Sommeil Vigilance et Travail, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Etzi
- APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Consultation de pathologie professionnelle Sommeil Vigilance et Travail, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Alexandre Dubois
- APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Consultation de pathologie professionnelle Sommeil Vigilance et Travail, Paris, France; European Sleep Center, Paris, France
| | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- Université de Paris, EA 7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique), Paris, France; IRBA (Institut de recherche biomédicale des armées), Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Marc Dumas
- LVMH RECHERCHE, Sciences du Vivant, Saint Jean De Braye, France
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Validity of the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children: An Actigraphic Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211900. [PMID: 34831655 PMCID: PMC8619525 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to provide evidence of the validity of the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children against an external-objective criterion of the 24 h motor activity pattern assessed through actigraphy. A total of 107 children (60 females; mean age 10.25 ± 0.48) were originally enrolled. Children wore the actigraph model Actiwatch AW64 (Cambridge Neurotechnology Ltd., Fenstanton, UK) for seven days, 24 h per day, around the non-dominant wrist. At the beginning of the actigraphic recording, participants filled in the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children. Functional Linear Modeling was used to examine variation in the 24 h motor activity pattern according to the total score in the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children. Higher physical self-efficacy was significantly related to greater levels of motor activity in the afternoon. Overall, this pattern of results supports the validity of the Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children against the external-objective criterion of the 24 h motor pattern. The Perceived Physical Ability Scale for Children could represent a promising endpoint for studies assessing the effectiveness of physical activity promotion interventions.
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14
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Alshehri MM, Alenazi AM, Alothman SA, Rucker JL, Phadnis MA, Miles JM, Siengsukon CF, Kluding PM. Using Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in People with Type 2 Diabetes, Pilot RCT Part I: Sleep and Concomitant Symptom. Behav Sleep Med 2021; 19:652-671. [PMID: 33108932 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2020.1831501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND The primary aim of this study was to examine the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) on the severity of insomnia in people with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to a health education (HE) control group. The secondary aim was to explore the effect of CBT-I on other sleep outcomes and concomitant symptoms. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-eight participants with T2D were randomly assigned to CBT-I (n = 14) or HE (n = 14). METHODS Validated assessments were used at baseline and post intervention to assess sleep outcomes and concomitant symptoms. In addition, actigraph and sleep diaries were used to measure sleep parameters. Independent sample t tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were utilized to measure between-group differences in the mean change scores. RESULTS Participants in the CBT-I group showed higher improvements in the following mean change scores compared to the HE group: insomnia symptoms (d = 1.78; p < .001), sleep quality (d = 1.53; p =.001), sleep self-efficacy (d = 1.67; p < .001). Both actigraph and sleep diary showed improvements in sleep latency and sleep efficiency in the CBT-I group as compared to the HE group. In addition, participants in the CBT-I group showed greater improvement in the mean change scores of depression symptoms (d = 1.49; p = .002) and anxiety symptoms (d = 0.88; p = .04) compared to the HE group. CONCLUSION This study identified a clinically meaningful effect of CBT-I on sleep outcomes and concomitant symptoms in people with T2D and insomnia symptoms. Further work is needed to investigate the long-term effects of CBT-I in people with T2D and insomnia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Alshehri
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.,Physical Therapy Department, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel M Alenazi
- Physical Therapy Department, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaima A Alothman
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Princess Nora Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jason L Rucker
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Milind A Phadnis
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - John M Miles
- Endocrinology Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Catherine F Siengsukon
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Patricia M Kluding
- Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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15
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Min A, Hong HC, Son S, Lee T. Sleep, fatigue and alertness during working hours among rotating-shift nurses in Korea: An observational study. J Nurs Manag 2021; 29:2647-2657. [PMID: 34351017 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effects of sleep parameters and fatigue on the decline in alertness of nurses across shifts. BACKGROUND Shift work can lead to nurse fatigue owing to insufficient sleep and inadequate recovery time between shifts. Nurse fatigue has adverse effects on alertness and can affect provision of quality care. METHODS An observational study using wrist actigraphs was conducted from 2019 to 2020. Participants were 82 rotating-shift nurses who provided direct nursing care in acute hospitals in South Korea. They wore actigraphs for 14 days to measure sleep parameters and predict hourly alertness and reported subjective fatigue before and after every shift. RESULTS Nurses demonstrated shorter sleep hours, lower sleep efficiency and longer sleep latency before night shifts compared with other shifts. Fatigue was the highest before day shifts. Sleep parameters and fatigue significantly affected the steep decline in alertness in participants with alertness scores below 70. CONCLUSIONS Sleep parameters and fatigue level contributed to the differences in decline in alertness across shifts. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Findings inform nurse managers, administrators to develop interventions to reduce fatigue, improve sleep quantity and quality and increase alertness among rotating-shift nurses. Management, institutional and individual factors should be considered when developing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari Min
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Chong Hong
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungtaek Son
- Clinical Development Division, Celltrion Inc., Incheon, South Korea
| | - Taehee Lee
- Department of Applied Statistics, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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16
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Kusmakar S, Karmakar C, Zhu Y, Shelyag S, Drummond SPA, Ellis JG, Angelova M. A machine learning model for multi-night actigraphic detection of chronic insomnia: development and validation of a pre-screening tool. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:202264. [PMID: 34150313 PMCID: PMC8206690 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.202264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel machine learning-based method for analysing multi-night actigraphy signals to objectively classify and differentiate nocturnal awakenings in individuals with chronic insomnia (CI) and their cohabiting healthy partners. We analysed nocturnal actigraphy signals from 40 cohabiting couples with one partner seeking treatment for insomnia. We extracted 12 time-domain dynamic and nonlinear features from the actigraphy signals to classify nocturnal awakenings in healthy individuals and those with CI. These features were then used to train two machine learning classifiers, random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM). An optimization algorithm that incorporated the predicted quality of each night for each individual was used to classify individuals into CI or healthy sleepers. Using the proposed actigraphic signal analysis technique, coupled with a rigorous leave-one-out validation approach, we achieved a classification accuracy of 80% (sensitivity: 76%, specificity: 82%) in classifying CI individuals and their healthy bed partners. The RF classifier (accuracy: 80%) showed a better performance than SVM (accuracy: 75%). Our approach to analysing the multi-night nocturnal actigraphy recordings provides a new method for screening individuals with CI, using wrist-actigraphy devices, facilitating home monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Kusmakar
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - C. Karmakar
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - Y. Zhu
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - S. Shelyag
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia
| | - S. P. A. Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J. G. Ellis
- Department of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - M. Angelova
- School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3125, Australia
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17
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Poon SH, Quek SY, Lee TS. Insomnia Disorders: Nosology and Classification Past, Present, and Future. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 33:194-200. [PMID: 33985347 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20080206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder in the adult population. However, the definition of insomnia disorder has varied across major classification systems and changed over time. In the present study, the investigators traced the evolution of insomnia disorder across classification systems, contemplated the empirical basis for its current definitions, and surveyed ongoing research efforts that may clarify insomnia nosology in the future. Three major classification systems for insomnia are the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, the International Classification of Diseases, and DSM. Despite their divergent origins, these classification systems have converged to nearly identical contemporary insomnia definitions. Over time, the emphasis in classification approaches has shifted from symptomatology to etiology to treatment implications. Additionally, the historical multitude of insomnia subtypes has gradually consolidated into a few core diagnoses, reflecting inadequate evidence with which to support subtyping. Current insomnia definitions include frequency and duration criteria to operationalize these diagnoses, while the diagnostic criterion of nonrestorative sleep has been eliminated (with some controversy). In ongoing research efforts, the quest for insomnia biomarkers has not thus far yielded clinically deployable breakthroughs. Data-driven insomnia subtyping suggests a promising new approach in deriving empirically based subtypes; conversely, the transdiagnostic perspective proposes the elimination of categorical distinctions in favor of finding common processes underlying all psychiatric disorders. The continual evolution of insomnia nosology highlights that much remains to be learned about these conditions; all current diagnostic classification systems are best regarded as "works in progress." Nevertheless, refinement and convergence of classification approaches is essential to standardizing insomnia research, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hui Poon
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (Poon, Lee); and Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore (Quek)
| | - Shin-Yi Quek
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (Poon, Lee); and Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore (Quek)
| | - Tih-Shih Lee
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore (Poon, Lee); and Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore (Quek)
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18
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Pachikian BD, Copine S, Suchareau M, Deldicque L. Effects of Saffron Extract on Sleep Quality: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051473. [PMID: 33925432 PMCID: PMC8145009 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A saffron extract has been found to be effective in the context of depression and anxiety, but its effect on sleep quality has not been investigating yet using objective approaches. For this purpose, a randomized double-blind controlled study was conducted in subjects presenting mild to moderate sleep disorder associated with anxiety. Sixty-six subjects were randomized and supplemented with a placebo (maltodextrin) or a saffron extract (15.5 mg per day) for 6 weeks. Actigraphy was used to collect objective data related to sleep quality at baseline, at the middle and at the end of the intervention. Sleep quality was also assessed by completion of the LSEQ and PSQI questionnaires and quality of life by completion of the SF-36 questionnaire. Six weeks of saffron supplementation led to an increased time in bed assessed by actigraphy, to an improved ease of getting to sleep evaluated by the LSEQ questionnaire and to an improved sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, and global scores evaluated by the PSQI questionnaire, whereas those parameters were not modified by the placebo. In conclusion, those results suggest that a saffron extract could be a natural and safe nutritional strategy to improve sleep duration and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara D. Pachikian
- Center of Investigation in Clinical Nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, Bte L8.10.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (B.D.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Sylvie Copine
- Center of Investigation in Clinical Nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, Bte L8.10.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (B.D.P.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Louise Deldicque
- Center of Investigation in Clinical Nutrition, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, Bte L8.10.02, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; (B.D.P.); (S.C.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, Bte L8.10.01, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-10-474443
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Liao J, Liu G, Xie N, Wang S, Wu T, Lin Y, Hu R, He HG. Mothers' voices and white noise on premature infants' physiological reactions in a neonatal intensive care unit: A multi-arm randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2021; 119:103934. [PMID: 33975075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A few positive effects of mothers' voice on physiological outcomes have been studied and limited studies have focused on the level of cortisol. In addition, white noise has recently been found to be beneficial for human sleep, but studies in premature infants were limited and no study has compared the effects of mothers' voice and white noise on premature infants. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of mothers' voice and white noise on sleep-wake patterns, salivary cortisol levels, weight gain, heart rate, and oxygen saturation of premature infants in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS This was a three-group randomized controlled trial. A total of 103 medically stable premature infants in incubators were recruited from the NICU of a women's and children's hospital in China between March and December 2017 and were randomized into three groups: the mothers' voice group (n = 34), the white noise group (n = 34), and the routine care group (n = 35). Mothers' voice, white noise, and no voice were provided to the three groups for 20 min at a time, three times a day for four consecutive days. The sound levels of the mothers' voice and white noise were controlled between 50 and 55 dB. Sleep-wake patterns, salivary cortisol level, and weight were measured at pre-test and post-test whereas heart rate and oxygen saturation were measured every five-minute at 11am, 2pm, 5pm for four-consecutive days. RESULTS A group difference was found only in weight gain (p = 0.003), with weight gain in the white noise group being significantly higher than the mothers' voice group (Z=-3.447, p = 0.001). Significant declines in total sleep time and sleep efficiency and increases in wake time after sleep onset and average awakening time were only found in the routine-care group between the pre-test and post-test (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in the salivary cortisol levels, heart rates, and oxygen saturation levels among the three groups (p>0.05). A significant increase in oxygen saturation during the 20-min intervention was found in white noise group. Non-significant decreases in the heart rate during the 20-min intervention and salivary cortisol levels at post test were noted in all the three groups. CONCLUSION White noise is more useful for encouraging weight gain in preterm infants compared with mothers' voices. White noise might be introduced for use in the care of premature infants in NICUs, and more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings. Trial Registration No: ChiCTR-INR-17012755.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Liao
- Experimentalist Assistant, School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Research Assistant, School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Namei Xie
- Graduate Student, School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Teacher Assistant, School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Taohong Wu
- Graduate Student, School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Associate Professor of Nursing, Neonatology Department, Women's and Children's Hospital in Fujian province, China
| | - Rongfang Hu
- Professor, School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Hong-Gu He
- Associate Professor, Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
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20
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Galina SD, Souza JC, Valdez P, Azevedo CVM. Daily light exposure, sleep-wake cycle and attention in adolescents from different urban contexts. Sleep Med 2021; 81:410-417. [PMID: 33826994 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to compare daily light exposure, activity-rest rhythm, sleep-wake cycle (SWC) and attention in Brazilian students living in different levels of urbanization. METHODS 115 adolescents (74 girls), aged 14-18 years (mean 15.5 ± 0.7 years), from the first years of high school have participated. The SWC was evaluated by actimetry and a Sleep Diary for 10 days. Besides, the "Health and Sleep" Questionnaire, the Morningness and Eveningness Scale for adolescents, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale were answered. Attention was assessed by a Continuous Performance Task. RESULTS In the less urbanized region, there were a greater exposure to light during the day accompanied by a higher proportion of morning-types and less occurrence of excessive daytime sleepiness. Otherwise, in the more urbanized region, adolescents showed a trend to sleep less in weekdays and presented more irregularity in sleep duration between weekdays and weekend, with 83 ± 15% of sleep efficiency, 01:04 ± 1:30 h of WASO and 7 ± 6.7 awakenings per night on the weekdays, suggestive of poor sleep quality. Despite of this, they showed better attentional performance: more correct responses (tonic and phasic alertness, and sustained attention) and less omissions (for all components). Regardless of the degree of urbanization, there was partial sleep deprivation, irregular sleep schedules and poor sleep quality in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The daily light exposure and activity-rest profiles, SWC and attention in adolescents varied according to the degree of urbanization. Besides, the negative impacts of early school starting times leading to sleep deprivation, irregular sleep times and poor sleep quality were observed irrespective of the degree of urbanization, reinforcing that the early school starting time at morning is a strong temporal challenge for teenagers, having negative impacts on cognition and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabinne D Galina
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Comportamento, Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Jane C Souza
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde do Trairí, FACISA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Pablo Valdez
- Laboratorio de Psicofisiología, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Carolina V M Azevedo
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Comportamento, Departamento de Fisiologia e Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.
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Alakuijala A, Sarkanen T, Jokela T, Partinen M. Accuracy of Actigraphy Compared to Concomitant Ambulatory Polysomnography in Narcolepsy and Other Sleep Disorders. Front Neurol 2021; 12:629709. [PMID: 33746882 PMCID: PMC7969975 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.629709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Actigraphy provides longitudinal sleep data over multiple nights. It is a less expensive and less cumbersome method for measuring sleep than polysomnography. Studies assessing accuracy of actigraphy compared to ambulatory polysomnography in different sleep-disordered patients are rare. We aimed to compare the concordance between these methods in clinical setting. We included 290 clinical measurements of 281 sleep laboratory patients (mean age 37.9 years, 182 female). Concomitant ambulatory polysomnography and actigraphy were analyzed to determine the agreement in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, periodic leg movement disorder, hypersomnia, other rarer sleep disorders, or no organic sleep disorder. Bland-Altman plots showed excellent accuracy, but poor precision in single night results between the two methods in the measurement of sleep time, sleep efficiency, and sleep latency. On average, actigraphy tended to overestimate sleep time by a negligible amount, −0.13 min, 95% confidence interval [−5.9, 5.6] min in the whole sample. Overestimation was largest, −12.8 [−25.1, −0.9] min, in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. By contrast, in patients with narcolepsy, actigraphy tended to underestimate sleep time by 24.3 [12.4, 36.1] min. As for sleep efficiency, actigraphy underestimated it by 0.18 [−0.99, 1.35] % and sleep latency by 11.0 [8.5, 13.6] min compared to polysomnography. We conclude that, in measuring sleep time, actigraphy is reasonably reliable and helpful to be used for a week or two to exclude insufficient sleep in patients with the suspicion of narcolepsy. However, the effectiveness of actigraphy in determining sleep seems to decrease in subjects with low sleep efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anniina Alakuijala
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Sarkanen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department Neurology and Rehabilitation, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tomi Jokela
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Partinen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki Sleep Clinic, Vitalmed Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Mascaro L, Phillips AJK, Clark JW, Straus LD, Drummond SPA. Diurnal Rhythm Robustness in Individuals With PTSD and Insomnia and The Association With Sleep. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:185-195. [PMID: 33472513 DOI: 10.1177/0748730420984563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and insomnia are characterized by sleep disturbances and daytime functional impairments. Actigraphy metrics can quantify diurnal rhythms via interdaily stability, intradaily variability, relative amplitude, and sleep regularity. Here, we (a) compared diurnal rhythms in PTSD, insomnia, and healthy control samples using linear mixed modeling; (b) compared inter-individual variability of diurnal rhythms between groups using variance ratio tests; and (c) examined correlations between diurnal rhythms and sleep measures within the clinical samples. Participants (N = 98) wore wrist-activity monitors for one week and completed the Insomnia Severity Index and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Both clinical samples displayed significantly lower interdaily stability, relative amplitude, and sleep regularity compared with controls. Individuals with PTSD and insomnia did not differ on mean diurnal rhythm metrics. Both clinical samples showed more inter-individual variability in relative amplitude compared with controls, and the individuals with PTSD were distinguished from those with insomnia by greater inter-individual variability in interdaily stability and relative amplitude. Relative amplitude in the clinical samples was positively correlated with objective sleep efficiency and total sleep time. This is the first study to compare individuals with PTSD and insomnia on measures of diurnal rhythms, revealing those with PTSD and insomnia to have less robust and more variable diurnal rhythms compared with controls. Individuals with PTSD differed from those with insomnia in inter-individual variability of diurnal rest-activity stability and amplitude, highlighting this population as particularly heterogenous. Diurnal rhythm robustness might be considered an intervention target in insomnia and PTSD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mascaro
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J K Phillips
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacob W Clark
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura D Straus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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Fekedulegn D, Andrew ME, Shi M, Violanti JM, Knox S, Innes KE. Actigraphy-Based Assessment of Sleep Parameters. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 64:350-367. [PMID: 32053169 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Actigraphy, a method for inferring sleep/wake patterns based on movement data gathered using actigraphs, is increasingly used in population-based epidemiologic studies because of its ability to monitor activity in natural settings. Using special software, actigraphic data are analyzed to estimate a range of sleep parameters. To date, despite extensive application of actigraphs in sleep research, published literature specifically detailing the methodology for derivation of sleep parameters is lacking; such information is critical for the appropriate analysis and interpretation of actigraphy data. Reporting of sleep parameters has also been inconsistent across studies, likely reflecting the lack of consensus regarding the definition of sleep onset and offset. In addition, actigraphy data are generally underutilized, with only a fraction of the sleep parameters generated through actigraphy routinely used in current sleep research. The objectives of this paper are to review existing algorithms used to estimate sleep/wake cycles from movement data, demonstrate the rules/methods used for estimating sleep parameters, provide clear technical definitions of the parameters, and suggest potential new measures that reflect intraindividual variability. Utilizing original data collected using Motionlogger Sleep Watch (Ambulatory Monitoring Inc., Ardsley, NY), we detail the methodology and derivation of 29 nocturnal sleep parameters, including those both widely and rarely utilized in research. By improving understanding of the actigraphy process, the information provided in this paper may help: ensure appropriate use and interpretation of sleep parameters in future studies; enable the recalibration of sleep parameters to address specific goals; inform the development of new measures; and increase the breadth of sleep parameters used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desta Fekedulegn
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Michael E Andrew
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Mingming Shi
- Bioanalytics Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - John M Violanti
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Knox
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Kim E Innes
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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24
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Sleep, Prospective Memory, and Immune Status among People Living with HIV. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020438. [PMID: 33429860 PMCID: PMC7826879 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Persons living with HIV (PLWH) frequently report sleep complaints, but objective measurements are still lacking regarding sleep continuity, total sleep time per 24 h, and the links with both prospective memory performance and HIV infection parameters. Methods: PLWH (n = 96) and control (n = 96) groups (balanced for gender and age) were monitored by 24h-actigraphy for at least seven consecutive days. The prospective memory performance was assessed through a naturalistic, activity-based task performed twice a day on the actigraph. Results: PLWH had greater sleep latency and worse sleep continuity (higher fragmentation index) for night-time sleep and longest daytime nap (mean duration of the longest nap). Comparable results were reported for the prospective memory task; better performance scores were associated with several sleep parameters in controls but not in PLWH. Finally, within the PLWH group, being a long sleeper per 24 h (total sleep time > 8 h including more and long daytime naps) was associated with a greater severity of the disease (lower CD4 nadir and more frequent history of AIDS-defining events). Conclusions: These findings indicate that PLWH have more fragmented sleep and that the severity of HIV infection is associated with increased sleep duration.
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Tonetti L, Martoni M, Filardi M, Fabbri M, Carissimi A, Giovagnoli S, Natale V. Variation of circadian activity rhythm according to body mass index in children. Sleep Med 2020; 74:33-38. [PMID: 32836184 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the variations of circadian activity rhythm of children according to objective body mass index (BMI) values, using a novel statistical framework (ie, Functional Linear Modeling, FLM), separately for school- and weekend days. METHODS A total of 107 participants (60 females; mean age: 10.25 ± 0.48 years) wore an actigraph for seven days during a regular school-week. While valid actigraphic data during school days were available for each of these children, this number decreased to 53 (31 females; mean age: 10.28 ± 0.51 years) during weekend days. RESULTS Examining the school days, significantly higher motor activity in participants with higher BMI was observed from around 4:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m., with a peak about 5:00 a.m. On the contrary, applying the FLM to the weekend days actigraphic data, no significantly different variation of circadian activity rhythm was observed, according to BMI. CONCLUSIONS In this specific sample of children, during school days, higher BMI is associated with higher activity level in a specific time window in the second half of nocturnal sleep. The lack of significant findings during weekend days could be explained because of higher variability of get-up time and/or the reduced sample size. Future longitudinal studies could explore if the higher motor activity in that specific time window qualifies as a predictive marker of the development of overweight and obesity. If so, early preventive strategies directed towards those at higher risk could be effectively implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tonetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Monica Martoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Filardi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Fabbri
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Alicia Carissimi
- Laboratório de Cronobiologia e Sono Do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Psiquiatria e Ciências Do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina, UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2350, CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Sara Giovagnoli
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Natale
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
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26
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Tonetti L, Occhionero M, Boreggiani M, Conca A, Dondi P, Elbaz M, Fabbri M, Gauriau C, Giupponi G, Leger D, Martoni M, Rafanelli C, Roncuzzi R, Zoppello M, Natale V. Sleep and Prospective Memory: A Retrospective Study in Different Clinical Populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6113. [PMID: 32842672 PMCID: PMC7503383 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is essential in everyday life because it concerns the ability to remember to perform an intended action in the future. This ability could be influenced by poor sleep quality, the role of which, however, is still being debated. To examine the role of sleep quality in PM in depth, we decided to perform a retrospective naturalistic study examining different clinical populations with a primary sleep disorder or comorbid low sleep quality. If sleep is important for PM function, we could expect poor sleep to affect PM performance tasks both directly and indirectly. We examined a total of 3600 nights, recorded using actigraphy in participants belonging to the following groups: primary insomnia (731 nights); narcolepsy type 1 (1069 nights); attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (152 nights in children and 239 in adults); severe obesity (232 nights); essential hypertension (226 nights); menopause (143 nights); healthy controls (808 nights). In a naturalistic activity-based PM task, each participant originally wore an actigraph around the non-dominant wrist and was requested to push the event-marker button at two specific times of day: bedtime (activity 1) and get-up time (activity 2). Each clinical group showed significantly lower sleep quality in comparison to the control group. However, only narcolepsy type 1 patients presented a significantly impaired PM performance at get-up time, remembering to push the event-marker button around half the time compared not only to healthy controls but also to the other clinical groups. Overall, the present results seem to point to sleep quality having no effect on the efficiency of a naturalistic activity-based PM task. Moreover, the data indicated that narcolepsy type 1 patients may show a disease-specific cognitive deficit of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tonetti
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.O.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (V.N.)
| | - Miranda Occhionero
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.O.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (V.N.)
| | - Michele Boreggiani
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.O.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (V.N.)
| | - Andreas Conca
- Division of Psychiatry, San Maurizio Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Paola Dondi
- Division of Hospital Psychology, New Sant’Agostino-Estense Hospital, 41126 Baggiovara, Italy;
| | - Maxime Elbaz
- Université Paris Descartes, APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Centre de référence hypersomnies rares et EA 7330 VIFASOM, 75004 Paris, France; (M.E.); (C.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Marco Fabbri
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Caroline Gauriau
- Université Paris Descartes, APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Centre de référence hypersomnies rares et EA 7330 VIFASOM, 75004 Paris, France; (M.E.); (C.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Giancarlo Giupponi
- Division of Psychiatry, San Maurizio Hospital, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (A.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Damien Leger
- Université Paris Descartes, APHP, Hôtel Dieu, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Centre de référence hypersomnies rares et EA 7330 VIFASOM, 75004 Paris, France; (M.E.); (C.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Monica Martoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Chiara Rafanelli
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.O.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (V.N.)
| | - Renzo Roncuzzi
- Cardiology Service, Villa Erbosa Hospital, 40129 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marina Zoppello
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Natale
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (M.O.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (V.N.)
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27
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Van Someren EJW. Brain mechanisms of insomnia: new perspectives on causes and consequences. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:995-1046. [PMID: 32790576 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00046.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While insomnia is the second most common mental disorder, progress in our understanding of underlying neurobiological mechanisms has been limited. The present review addresses the definition and prevalence of insomnia and explores its subjective and objective characteristics across the 24-hour day. Subsequently, the review extensively addresses how the vulnerability to develop insomnia is affected by genetic variants, early life stress, major life events, and brain structure and function. Further supported by the clear mental health risks conveyed by insomnia, the integrated findings suggest that the vulnerability to develop insomnia could rather be found in brain circuits regulating emotion and arousal than in circuits involved in circadian and homeostatic sleep regulation. Finally, a testable model is presented. The model proposes that in people with a vulnerability to develop insomnia, the locus coeruleus is more sensitive to-or receives more input from-the salience network and related circuits, even during rapid eye movement sleep, when it should normally be sound asleep. This vulnerability may ignite a downward spiral of insufficient overnight adaptation to distress, resulting in accumulating hyperarousal, which, in turn, impedes restful sleep and moreover increases the risk of other mental health adversity. Sensitized brain circuits are likely to be subjectively experienced as "sleeping with one eye open". The proposed model opens up the possibility for novel intervention studies and animal studies, thus accelerating the ignition of a neuroscience of insomnia, which is direly needed for better treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Kanemoto H, Kazui H, Adachi H, Yoshiyama K, Wada T, Nomura KT, Shimosegawa E, Ikeda M. Thalamic pulvinar metabolism, sleep disturbances, and hallucinations in dementia with Lewy bodies: Positron emission tomography and actigraphy study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2020; 35:934-943. [PMID: 32346907 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although sleep disturbances are prevalent among patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), their neural substrates remain unclear. We aimed to clarify the neural substrates of sleep disturbances in patients with DLB. METHODS We evaluated sleep disturbances, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and brain glucose metabolism in 22 patients with probable DLB using actigraphy, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography, respectively. Total sleep time (TST) and average activity count per minute (AAC) during sleep were calculated for seven consecutive days via actigraphy. We investigated associations between FDG uptake and the actigraphy parameters using Statistical Parametric Mapping version 12b. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used to investigate associations among TST, AAC, and clinical symptoms. The level of statistical significance was set at P < .05. P values were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg method for multiple comparisons. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00776347). RESULTS TST exhibited a significant positive association with FDG uptake in the bilateral orbitofrontal cortex and left thalamus, while AAC exhibited a significant negative association with FDG uptake in the left thalamus and the left parieto-occipital region. FDG uptake in the left pulvinar was associated with both TST and AAC. In addition, TST exhibited a significant negative association with the NPI hallucinations score (r = -0.66, P = .001), while AAC exhibited significant positive associations with the NPI delusions (r = 0.70, P < .001) and hallucinations (r = 0.63, P = .002) scores. CONCLUSIONS TST and bodily activity during sleep are associated with dysfunction of the left pulvinar and the severity of hallucinations in patients with DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Kanemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kazui
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Adachi
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Health and Counseling Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamiki Wada
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiko T Nomura
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eku Shimosegawa
- Department of Molecular Imaging in Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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29
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te Lindert BHW, van der Meijden WP, Wassing R, Lakbila-Kamal O, Wei Y, Van Someren EJW, Ramautar JR. Optimizing actigraphic estimates of polysomnographic sleep features in insomnia disorder. Sleep 2020; 43:5869753. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study Objectives
Actigraphy is a useful tool for estimating sleep, but less accurately distinguishes sleep and wakefulness in patients with insomnia disorder (ID) than in good sleepers. Specific algorithm parameter settings have been suggested to improve the accuracy of actigraphic estimates of sleep onset or nocturnal sleep and wakefulness in ID. However, a direct comparison of how different algorithm parameter settings affect actigraphic estimates of sleep features has been lacking. This study aimed to define the optimal algorithm parameter settings for actigraphic estimates of polysomnographic sleep features in people suffering from ID and matched good sleepers.
Methods
We simultaneously recorded actigraphy and polysomnography without sleep diaries during 210 laboratory nights of people with ID (n = 58) and matched controls (CTRL) without sleep complaints (n = 56). We analyzed cross-validation errors using 150 algorithm parameter configurations and Bland–Altman plots of sleep features using the optimal settings.
Results
Optimal sleep onset latency and total sleep time (TST) errors were lower in CTRL (8.9 ± 2.1 and 16.5 ± 2.1 min, respectively) than in ID (11.7 ± 0.8 and 29.1 ± 3.4 min). The sleep–wake algorithm, a period duration of 5 min, and a wake sensitivity threshold of 40 achieved optimal results in ID and near-optimal results in CTRL. Bland–Altman plots were nearly identical for ID and controls for all common all-night sleep features except for TST.
Conclusion
This systematic evaluation shows that actigraphic sleep feature estimation can be improved by using uncommon parameter settings. One specific parameter setting provides (near-)optimal estimation of sleep onset and nocturnal sleep across ID and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart H W te Lindert
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wisse P van der Meijden
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Wassing
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Sleep and Circadian Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Oti Lakbila-Kamal
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yishul Wei
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer R Ramautar
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Prospective Memory, Sleep, and Age. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10070422. [PMID: 32635136 PMCID: PMC7407167 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10070422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is reported that sleep enhances prospective memory (PM), but it remains to be understood whether this influence is moderated by age, since sleep changes across the lifespan. To this end, we performed a retrospective study in a naturalistic setting in a large life span sample: 397 healthy participants (227 females) from middle childhood (nine years old) to late adulthood (70 years old). Participants were requested to perform a naturalistic activity-based PM task, namely, to remember to press the event-marker button of an actigraph when they went to bed (activity 1) and when they got out of bed (activity 2) after nocturnal sleep. The percentages of button presses were the measure of our activity-based PM task. For activities 1 and 2, we separately performed a moderation model with actigraphic sleep parameters (sleep efficiency, midpoint of sleep, and total sleep time) as predictors of PM performance with age as a moderator factor. With reference to activity 1, we observed a significant interaction between sleep efficiency and age, showing a decrease in PM performance with the increase in sleep efficiency in the low age group. Only age was a significant (negative) predictor of PM in activity 2, i.e., with increasing age, PM performance significantly decreased. The present study shows, in a large life span sample, that sleep does not seem to play a relevant predictive role of activity-based PM performance.
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31
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Faraut B, Andrillon T, Drogou C, Gauriau C, Dubois A, Servonnet A, Van Beers P, Guillard M, Gomez-Merino D, Sauvet F, Chennaoui M, Léger D. Daytime Exposure to Blue-Enriched Light Counters the Effects of Sleep Restriction on Cortisol, Testosterone, Alpha-Amylase and Executive Processes. Front Neurosci 2020; 13:1366. [PMID: 31998056 PMCID: PMC6961531 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep debt is becoming a better acknowledged cause of physiological stress and neurobehavioral deficits with major public-health concerns. We investigated whether exposure to blue light during daytime could be an efficient countermeasure to limit sleep restriction’s impact on relevant behavioral (stress, sleepiness, sustained attention, and memory performance) and physiological (saliva cortisol, testosterone, and alpha-amylase) markers. Our semi-ecological, crossover, randomized design included 17 young men that underwent two sleep-restricted nights (3 h each) followed or not by blue light exposure (30-min-long sessions at 100 lux repeated four times throughout the day). Behavioral and physiological measurements were performed in the lab but outside these periods the participants kept following their usual routine. After sleep restriction, morning cortisol and testosterone, and afternoon alpha-amylase levels decreased. In parallel, subjective ratings of stress and sleepiness increased while performance on the sustained attention and memory tasks deteriorated. In contrast, after periods of blue light exposure, all these parameters were largely restored to baseline levels, despite an identical sleep restriction procedure, although this restorative effect was reduced for the memory task. Our findings suggest that even short exposure to blue light could trigger persistent beneficial effects throughout the day and could be potentially efficient in real-life settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brice Faraut
- EA 7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Consultation de Pathologie Professionnelle Sommeil Vigilance et Travail, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Hôtel-Dieu, APHP-5, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Andrillon
- School of Psychological Sciences, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catherine Drogou
- EA 7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, IRBA - Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Caroline Gauriau
- Consultation de Pathologie Professionnelle Sommeil Vigilance et Travail, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Hôtel-Dieu, APHP-5, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Dubois
- Consultation de Pathologie Professionnelle Sommeil Vigilance et Travail, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Hôtel-Dieu, APHP-5, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Servonnet
- Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, IRBA - Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Pascal Van Beers
- EA 7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, IRBA - Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Mathias Guillard
- EA 7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, IRBA - Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Danielle Gomez-Merino
- EA 7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, IRBA - Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Fabien Sauvet
- EA 7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, IRBA - Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Mounir Chennaoui
- EA 7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, IRBA - Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Damien Léger
- EA 7330 VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue Sommeil et Santé Publique), Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Consultation de Pathologie Professionnelle Sommeil Vigilance et Travail, Centre du Sommeil et de la Vigilance, Hôtel-Dieu, APHP-5, Paris, France
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Maguire DG, Ruddock MW, Milanak ME, Moore T, Cobice D, Armour C. Sleep, a Governor of Morbidity in PTSD: A Systematic Review of Biological Markers in PTSD-Related Sleep Disturbances. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:545-562. [PMID: 32801980 PMCID: PMC7402856 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s260734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep disturbances (SD) are the most impactful and commonly reported symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet, they are often resistant to primary PTSD therapies. Research has identified two distinct SDs highly prevalent in PTSD; insomnia and nightmares. Those who report SDs prior to a traumatic event are at greater risk for developing PTSD; highlighting that sleep potentially plays a role in PTSD's pathology. To further understand the pathobiological mechanisms that lead to the development of PTSD, it is first imperative to understand the interplay which exists between sleep and PTSD on a biological level. The aim of this systematic review is to determine if biological or physiological markers are related to SD in PTSD. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on the electronic databases; Medline, Embase, AMED and PsycINFO, using Medical Subject Headings and associated keywords. RESULTS Sixteen studies were included in the final analyses. Physiological makers of autonomic function, and biochemical markers of HPA-axis activity; inflammatory processes; and trophic factor regulation were related to the severity of SDs in PTSD. CONCLUSION These findings add to the growing literature base supporting a central focus on sleep in research aiming to define the pathophysiological processes which result in PTSD, as well as emphasising the importance of specifically targeting sleep as part of a successful PTSD intervention strategy. Resolving SDs will not only reduce PTSD symptom severity and improve quality of life but will also reduce all-cause mortality, hospital admissions and lifetime healthcare costs for those with PTSD. Limitations of the current literature are discussed, and key recommendations future research must adhere to are made within.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Maguire
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Mark W Ruddock
- Randox Laboratories Ltd, Clinical Studies, Crumlin, County Antrim BT29 4QY, Northern Ireland
| | - Melissa E Milanak
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Tara Moore
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Diego Cobice
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland
| | - Cherie Armour
- School of Psychology, David Keir Building, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5BN, Northern Ireland
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Kim J, Suh S. Moderating Effect of Gender in the Relationship between Depression and Waketime Procrastination in Insomnia Patients. SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.17241/smr.2019.00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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A Pilot Study on Circadian Activity Rhythm in Pediatric Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Clocks Sleep 2019; 1:385-393. [PMID: 33089176 PMCID: PMC7445851 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep1030031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent study has applied a novel statistical framework (functional linear modeling: FLM) to the study of circadian activity rhythm (CAR) in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), pointing out the absence of the physiological post-lunch dip. The aim of the present study was to apply FLM to explore the features of CAR in pediatric ADHD. To this end, a secondary analysis of previously collected data was carried out. Twenty-four ADHD children (four females, mean age 8.67 ± 1.74) and 107 controls (C, 60 females, mean age 10.25 ± 0.48) were examined. The actigraph model Actiwatch AW64 was used to objectively monitor sleep/wake behavior and CAR. In the original study each participant wore the actigraph on the non-dominant wrist for one week. FLM was applied to examine the differences between groups in CAR. Compared with C, the CAR of ADHD children was distinguished by a higher motor activity during the whole of the daytime and within a reduced time window during the nighttime.
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Suzuki M, Furihata R, Konno C, Konno M, Kaneita Y, Ohida T, Gon Y, Uchiyama M. Sleep disturbance is associated with not only shorter sleep duration, but also longer time in bed: a Japanese general population survey. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41105-019-00228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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36
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A study on the optimal length of actigraphic recording in narcolepsy type 1. Clin Neurophysiol Pract 2019; 4:114-118. [PMID: 31211287 PMCID: PMC6562260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnp.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the optimal length of actigraphic recording in patients with narcolepsy type 1. No differences were detected between the mean values of 7-day and 14-day analyzed sets for the different sleep parameters. One week of actigraphic recording in patients with narcolepsy type 1 appears to be sufficient.
Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the optimal length of actigraphic recordings in patients with narcolepsy type 1. Methods A secondary analysis was carried out with the previously collected data in eleven patients with narcolepsy type 1. Ten of the 11 patients were medicated at the time of actigraphic recording. Each patient originally wore an Actiwatch AW64 actigraph for at least 28 consecutive days. Overall, the patients were analyzed for 308 nights. Results No significant differences were observed between the mean values of the 7-day and 14-day analyzed sets for the parameters sleep efficiency, fragmentation index, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, and total sleep time. Conclusions Our data suggest that 7 days of actigraphic recording could be sufficient for these patients. Significance Our results for the optimal length of actigraphic recording could be useful for both physicians and patients.
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37
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Ballesio A, Aquino MRJV, Kyle SD, Ferlazzo F, Lombardo C. Executive Functions in Insomnia Disorder: A Systematic Review and Exploratory Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2019; 10:101. [PMID: 30761049 PMCID: PMC6363670 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Executive functions (EFs) are involved in the control of basic psychological processes such as attention and memory and also contribute to emotion regulation. Research on the presence of EFs impairments in insomnia yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the literature on three EFs: inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in adults with insomnia in order to investigate the presence and magnitude of insomnia-related EFs impairments. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and PsycINFO were searched. Risk of bias assessment of included studies was performed by two independent researchers. Findings were summarised using both a narrative approach and meta-analysis. Cohen's d was calculated at 95% confidence interval (CI) as effect size of between groups differences. Results: Twenty-eight studies comparing adult individuals with a diagnosis of insomnia and healthy controls on neuropsychological measures of EFs were included. Narrative synthesis revealed substantial variability across study findings. Factors that were primarily hypothesised to account for this variability are: objective sleep impairments and test sensitivity. Exploratory meta-analysis showed impaired performance of small to moderate magnitude in individuals with insomnia as compared to controls in reaction times, but not accuracy rates, of inhibitory control (d = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.52 to -0.13) and cognitive flexibility tasks (d = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.59 to -0.01). Performance in working memory tasks was also significantly impacted (d = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.38 to -0.00). Effects sizes were larger when insomnia was associated with objective sleep impairments, rather than normal sleep. Conclusions: We gathered evidence supporting small to moderate deficits in EFs in individuals with insomnia. Due to the small sample size results should be considered preliminary and interpreted carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Raisa Jessica V Aquino
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon D Kyle
- Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Ferlazzo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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How does sleep restriction therapy for insomnia work? A systematic review of mechanistic evidence and the introduction of the Triple-R model. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 42:127-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Leger D, Gauriau C, Tonetti L, Lantin M, Filardi M, Philip P, Faraut B, Natale V. Using actigraphy to assess sleep and wake rhythms of narcolepsy type 1 patients: a comparison with primary insomniacs and healthy controls. Sleep Med 2018; 52:88-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Kawada T. Sleep evaluation by questionnaires and actigraphy in patients with cancer. Support Care Cancer 2018; 26:3659-3660. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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41
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Faraut B, Malmartel A, Ghosn J, Duracinsky M, Leger D, Grabar S, Viard JP. Sleep Disturbance and Total Sleep Time in Persons Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study. AIDS Behav 2018; 22:2877-2887. [PMID: 29855973 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-018-2179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Short and long sleep durations have been associated with inflammation and chronic diseases. To study the association between sleep duration/quality and HIV disease severity, a cross-sectional study was conducted in patients living with HIV (PLWHs) using self-administered questionnaires assessing total sleep time, insomnia (ICSD-3 criteria), and poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). Multivariable logistic regression identified the factors associated with sleep disorders and with HIV features. 640 Parisian ambulatory PLWHs were included. The prevalence of insomnia was 50 and 68% of patients had a PSQI > 5. Patients with CD4 count < 500 cells/mm3 were more likely to be long sleepers (> 8 h/day) (OR 1.49; 95% CI [1.10-1.99]: p < 0.01), and less likely to be short sleepers (< 6 h/day) (OR 0.69; 95% CI[0.50-0.96]; p = 0.04) or to experience insomnia (OR 0.59; 95% CI[0.40-0.86]; p < 0.01). HIV features were not associated with a PSQI > 5. Thus, insomnia and impaired sleep quality were highly prevalent in well-controlled PLWHs and the severity of HIV infection was associated with long sleep times.
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Tonetti L, Conca A, Giupponi G, Filardi M, Natale V. Circadian activity rhythm in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 103:1-4. [PMID: 29753192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the features of circadian motor activity rhythm of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients, by means of functional linear modeling, within the theoretical framework of the two-process model of sleep regulation. Thirty-two ADHD patients and 32 healthy controls (HCs) participated the study. Actiwatch AW64 actigraph was used to quantify motor activity data in 1-min epochs. Participants wore the actigraph on the non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days. Results show that ADHD patients had significantly higher motor activity than HCs from 4:00 to 7:00, with a peak around 5:00, and from 12:00 to 18:00, with another peak around 14:00. According to the two-process model of sleep regulation, the circadian activity rhythm of ADHD patients may indicate a lower homeostatic sleep pressure, as reflected by the absence of post-lunch dip, which could be considered a potential trait marker of adult ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tonetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Andreas Conca
- Division of Psychiatry, San Maurizio Hospital, Via Böhler 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Giupponi
- Division of Psychiatry, San Maurizio Hospital, Via Böhler 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.
| | - Marco Filardi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Natale
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
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Twomey R, Martin T, Temesi J, Culos-Reed SN, Millet GY. Tailored exercise interventions to reduce fatigue in cancer survivors: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:757. [PMID: 30041626 PMCID: PMC6057053 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4668-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common and distressing symptom of cancer and/or cancer treatment that persists for years after treatment completion in approximately one third of cancer survivors. Exercise is beneficial for the management of CRF, and general exercise guidelines for cancer survivors are available. There are multiple potential pathways by which exercise improves CRF, and cancer survivors with CRF are diverse with respect to cancer type, treatments and experienced side effects. While the general exercise guidelines are likely sufficient for most cancer survivors, tailoring of exercise interventions may be more effective in those with persistent fatigue. The primary aim of this research is to investigate the effect of a traditional vs. tailored exercise intervention on CRF severity in cancer survivors with persistent CRF. Methods/design Cancer survivors (≥ 3 months and ≤ 5 years since primary treatment) who score ≤ 34 on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Fatigue Scale (FACIT-F) will be randomly allocated to one of two parallel treatment arms: traditional (active control) and tailored exercise. Participants in the traditional exercise group will engage in aerobic and resistance exercise that is consistent with exercise guidelines for cancer survivors. The tailored exercise group will be prescribed an intervention designed to address individual deficits identified at baseline, such as loss of muscular strength, cardiorespiratory deconditioning or sleep disturbance. Participants will be assessed before and after the intervention for CRF severity and other patient-reported outcomes, neuromuscular function and fatigue in response to whole-body exercise, sleep quantity and quality, physical activity levels, cardiorespiratory fitness and blood biomarkers. Discussion To our knowledge, this will be the first study to compare the effects of a traditional vs. tailored exercise intervention on CRF severity in cancer survivors with persistent CRF. Using physiological, behavioural and patient-reported outcomes, this study will add to the current knowledge about both the factors contributing to CRF, and the potential reduction in CRF severity with an exercise intervention. Trial registration The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03049384), February, 2017. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4668-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Twomey
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Tristan Martin
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - John Temesi
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - S Nicole Culos-Reed
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Guillaume Y Millet
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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44
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Kawada T. Validation study of accelerometer in measuring some sleep parameters in adults. Sleep Breath 2018; 22:537-538. [DOI: 10.1007/s11325-017-1551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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45
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Liang Z, Chapa Martell MA. Validity of Consumer Activity Wristbands and Wearable EEG for Measuring Overall Sleep Parameters and Sleep Structure in Free-Living Conditions. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS RESEARCH 2018; 2:152-178. [DOI: 10.1007/s41666-018-0013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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McMahon DM, Burch JB, Wirth MD, Youngstedt SD, Hardin JW, Hurley TG, Blair SN, Hand GA, Shook RP, Drenowatz C, Burgess S, Hebert JR. Persistence of social jetlag and sleep disruption in healthy young adults. Chronobiol Int 2017; 35:312-328. [PMID: 29231745 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1405014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disruption has been associated with increased risks for several major chronic diseases that develop over decades. Differences in sleep/wake timing between work and free days can result in the development of social jetlag (SJL), a chronic misalignment between a person's preferred sleep/wake schedule and sleep/wake timing imposed by his/her work schedule. Only a few studies have examined the persistence of SJL or sleep disruption over time. This prospective investigation examined SJL and sleep characteristics over a 2-year period to evaluate whether SJL or poor sleep were chronic conditions during the study period. SJL and sleep measures (total sleep time [TST], sleep onset latency [SOL], wake after sleep onset [WASO]), and sleep efficiency [SE]), were derived from armband monitoring among 390 healthy men and women 21-35 years old. Participants wore the armband for periods of 4-10 days at 6-month intervals during the follow-up period (N = 1431 repeated observations). The consistency of SJL or sleep disruption over time was analyzed using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) for repeated measures. Repeated measures latent class analysis (RMLCA) was then used to identify subgroups among the study participants with different sleep trajectories over time. Individuals in each latent group were compared using GLMMs to identify personal characteristics that differed among the latent groups. Minor changes in mean SJL, chronotype, or TST were observed over time, whereas no statistically significant changes in SOL, WASO, or SE were observed during the study period. The RMLCA identified two groups of SJL that remained consistent throughout the study (low SJL, mean ± SE: 0.4 ± 0.04 h, 42% of the study population; and high SJL, 1.4 ± 0.03 h, 58%). Those in the SJL group with higher values tended to be employed and have an evening chronotype. Similarly, two distinct subgroups were observed for SOL, WASO, and SE; one group with a pattern suggesting disrupted sleep over time, and another with a consistently normal sleep pattern. Analyses of TST identified three latent groups with relatively short (5.6 ± 1.0 h, 21%), intermediate (6.5 ± 1.0 h, 44%), and long (7.3 ± 1.0 h, 36%) sleep durations, all with temporally stable, linear trajectories. The results from this study suggest that sleep disturbances among young adults can persist over a 2 year period. Latent groups with poor sleep tended to be male, African American, lower income, and have an evening chronotype relative to those with more normal sleep characteristics. Characterizing the persistence of sleep disruption over time and its contributing factors could be important for understanding the role of poor sleep as a chronic disease risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M McMahon
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - James B Burch
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,c WJB Dorn Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Michael D Wirth
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,d College of Nursing , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Shawn D Youngstedt
- e College of Nursing and Health Innovation , Arizona State University , Phoenix , AZ , USA.,f Phoenix VA Health Care System , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - James W Hardin
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Thomas G Hurley
- b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Steven N Blair
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,g Department of Exercise Science , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - Gregory A Hand
- h School of Public Health , West Virginia University , Morgantown, WV , USA
| | - Robin P Shook
- i Department of Pediatrics , Center for Healthy Lifestyles and Nutrition, Children's Mercy Hospital , Kansas City, MO , USA
| | - Clemens Drenowatz
- g Department of Exercise Science , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,j University of Education Upper Austria , Division of Physical Education , Linz , Austria
| | - Stephanie Burgess
- d College of Nursing , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
| | - James R Hebert
- a Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA.,b Cancer Prevention and Control Program , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
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47
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Tonetti L, Martoni M, Fabbri M, Rafanelli C, Roncuzzi R, Dondi P, Natale V. Serial vs. parallel approach to screen sleep disorders: an exploratory study. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2017.1307912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tonetti
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Martoni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbri
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Renzo Roncuzzi
- Division of Cardiology, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Dondi
- Division of Hospital Psychology, New Sant’Agostino-Estense Hospital, Baggiovara, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Natale
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Pepin JL, Gagnadoux F, Foote A, Vicars R, Ogra B, Viot-Blanc V, Benmerad M, D’Ortho MP, Tamisier R. Combination of obstructive sleep apnoea and insomnia treated by continuous positive airway pressure with the SensAwake pressure relief technology to assist sleep: a randomised cross-over trial protocol. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015836. [PMID: 29079603 PMCID: PMC5665214 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common sleep breathing disorder affecting up to 17% of the middle-aged population. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the primary treatment for patients with OSA, but acceptance and adherence to therapy is suboptimal in specific subgroups particularly those with insomnia or poor sleep quality (40%-80% of patients with OSA). Pressure intolerance, particularly during periods of wakefulness, inhibiting sleep onset or return to sleep, is one reason for poor CPAP adherence. AutoCPAPs continually monitor airflow changes and only increase the pressure when the upper airway requires it. Reducing the pressure during wakefulness-sleep transition and wakefulness-after-sleep-onset (WASO) may improve therapy comfort and potentially adherence without compromising therapy efficacy. We hypothesise that SensAwake, a pressure relief function that reduces CPAP pressure on the transition from sleep to wakefulness and on WASO, may improve objective sleep quality. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a multicentre, randomised double-blind crossover clinical trial on patients with both OSA and insomnia. Insomnia is defined as Insomnia Severity Index >15 at screening. Baseline data, including actigraphy, are collected for 1 week before randomisation (1:1) to either conventional AutoCPAP or AutoCPAP with SensAwake for 4 weeks. After an evaluation visit, patients are switched to the other treatment arm for a further 4 weeks. Allowing for 20% dropout, 48 patients are required. If applicable, repeated measures analysis of variance will be used to assess differences in WASO measured by actigraphy (primary outcome), other actigraphy measures, AutoCPAP compliance, subjective questionnaire scores (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Short-Form 12 Health Survey) and 24 hours blood pressure (secondary outcomes). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol was approved by the regional Ethics Committee (CPP Sud-Est-V, IRB N°6705) on 9 December 2015, is registered on ClincalTrials.gov (NCT02721329) and started in June 2016 with expected publication of primary outcome results in 2018. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT0272132; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Louis Pepin
- Hypoxia-pathophysiology Laboratory - INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Gagnadoux
- Department of Pneumology, INSERM URM 1063, Angers University Hospital, Bretagne Loire University I, Angers, France
| | - Alison Foote
- Hypoxia-pathophysiology Laboratory - INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Rachel Vicars
- Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bhavi Ogra
- Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Véronique Viot-Blanc
- Sleep Clinic - Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique—Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Meriem Benmerad
- Hypoxia-pathophysiology Laboratory - INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie-Pia D’Ortho
- Department of Physiology and Functional Exploration, Bichat Hospital, Denis Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Tamisier
- Hypoxia-pathophysiology Laboratory - INSERM U1042, Grenoble Alps University Hospital, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Bernert RA, Hom MA, Iwata NG, Joiner TE. Objectively Assessed Sleep Variability as an Acute Warning Sign of Suicidal Ideation in a Longitudinal Evaluation of Young Adults at High Suicide Risk. J Clin Psychiatry 2017; 78:e678-e687. [PMID: 28682534 PMCID: PMC6613567 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.16m11193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Young adults attempt suicide at disproportionately high rates relative to other groups and demonstrate high rates of sleep disturbance. No study has yet prospectively evaluated disturbed sleep as an acute indicator of risk using an objective index of sleep. We investigated objective and subjective parameters of disturbed sleep as a warning sign of suicidal ideation among young adults over an acute period. METHODS A longitudinal study across a 21-day observation period and 3 time points. Fifty of 4,847 participants (aged 18-23 years) were prescreened from a university undergraduate research pool (February 2007-June 2008) on the basis of suicide attempt history and recent suicidal ideation. Actigraphic and subjective sleep parameters were evaluated as acute predictors of suicidal ideation (Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation), with adjustment for baseline symptoms. Hierarchical regression analyses were employed to predict residual change scores. RESULTS Ninety-six percent of participants (n = 48) endorsed a suicide attempt history. Mean actigraphy values revealed objectively disturbed sleep parameters; 78% (n = 39) and 36% (n = 18) endorsed clinically significant insomnia and nightmares, respectively. When results were controlled for baseline suicidal and depressive symptoms, actigraphic and subjective sleep parameters predicted suicidal ideation residual change scores at 7- and 21-day follow-ups (P < .001). Specifically, actigraphy-defined variability in sleep timing, insomnia, and nightmares predicted increases in suicidal ideation (P < .05). In a test of competing risk factors, sleep variability outperformed depressive symptoms in the longitudinal prediction of suicidal ideation across time points (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Objectively and subjectively measured sleep disturbances predicted acute suicidal ideation increases in this population, independent of depressed mood. Self-reported insomnia and nightmares and actigraphically assessed sleep variability emerged as acute warning signs of suicidal ideation. These findings highlight the potential utility of sleep as a proposed biomarker of suicide risk and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Bernert
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Mood Disorders Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Melanie A. Hom
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Naomi G. Iwata
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Mood Disorders Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Thomas E. Joiner
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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50
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Wong ML, Lau KNT, Espie CA, Luik AI, Kyle SD, Lau EYY. Psychometric properties of the Sleep Condition Indicator and Insomnia Severity Index in the evaluation of insomnia disorder. Sleep Med 2017; 33:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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