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Kamiyama Y, Kaneko Y, Saitoh K, Furihata R, Konno M, Uchiyama M, Suzuki M. Differences in psychosocial factors and sleep study findings between delayed sleep-wake phase disorder and hypersomnia in teenagers. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2023; 21:241-247. [PMID: 38469288 PMCID: PMC10899905 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00441-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Central hypersomnia (HS) and delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) appear commonly in adolescents, and they severely reduce quality of life and have an enormous impact on academic performance and other aspects of development. Although these disorders are thought to be considerably different in etiology, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish them because of their similar clinical features. This study aimed to compare psychosocial factors and sleep study findings between HS and DSWPD in teenagers. The clinical data of 89 teenagers who visited the psychiatric section of the Sleep Medicine Center of Nihon University Itabashi Hospital from January 2013 to December 2019 were analyzed. Psychosocial factors were evaluated at the first visit, and polysomnography (PSG) and the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) were performed for patients deemed to require definitive diagnosis. Compared with patients with HS, those with DSWPD had a higher rate of mother's employment, introversion, adjustment problems, events that triggered the disorder, concurrent mental disorders, habitual lateness, and difficulty attending school or work. PSG did not show any differences in sleep parameters between the two disorders, except for sleep latency. On the MSLT, sleep latency was shorter in those with HS on the second, third, and fourth tests. The present results suggest that focusing on psychosocial factors could be useful for differential diagnosis of the two disorders that appear commonly in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayumi Kamiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kaneko
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| | - Kaori Saitoh
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
| | - Ryuji Furihata
- Kyoto University Health Service, Yoshida-Honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501 Japan
| | - Michiko Konno
- Center for University-Wide Education, School of Health and Social Services, Saitama Prefectural University, 820 Sannomiya, Koshigaya, Saitama 343-8540 Japan
| | - Makoto Uchiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
- Tokyo Adachi Hospital, 5-23-20 Hokima, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 121-0064 Japan
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Oyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610 Japan
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Wu L, Zhang X, Wang J, Sun J, Mao F, Han J, Cao F. The associations of executive functions with resilience in early adulthood: A prospective longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:1048-1054. [PMID: 33601677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive functions and resilience, the key components of an individual's ability to participate meaningfully and effectively in their environment, have become increasingly researched topics in psychology and education. However, little is known about the longitudinal associations of executive functions and resilience among emergent adults. METHODS We conducted a prospective study with 450 (baseline) participants aged 17-24 years; 420 of these participants also completed a 15-month follow-up. Participants answered questionnaires investigating socio-demographics, executive functions, and resilience, and results were analysed with multivariable logistic regression and cross-lagged analyses. RESULTS At baseline, the overall prevalence of low executive functions (T-score ≥ 60) among the sample was 18.2%. Relative to persistently low executive functions, newly developed or persistent high executive functions was significantly associated with higher level of resilience at follow-up (bOR = 8.26, 95% CI [2.57, 26.49]; bOR = 8.74, 95% CI [3.69, 20.70], respectively). Further cross-lagged analyses showed bidirectional relationships of executive functions and various executive functions subtypes with resilience. LIMITATIONS The use of self-report measures may lead to recall bias, and intervention or experimental studies are needed to examine causality. This study recruited participants from one vocational school, which may limit the generalisability of the results. Also, follow-up dropout was a potential bias in this study; the observed results should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS Our study proposes that enhancing executive functions may be associated with improved resilience, and vice versa. These findings could influence the development of targeted interventions via mental health professionals to support individuals' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuliu Wu
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jiwei Sun
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Fangxiang Mao
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Fenglin Cao
- Department of Health Psychology, School of Nursing, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Sleep duration and timing in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): evidence for circadian phase delay. Sleep Med 2020; 72:111-117. [PMID: 32575000 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate potential delays in endogenous melatonin in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS First, data are presented for 15 individuals with OCD and matched healthy controls. Next, nine additional participants with OCD who did not have matched controls were added, resulting in a sample of 24 individuals with OCD. All participants were assessed for sleep and circadian rhythm disturbance. Dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) was derived from salivary melatonin and was used in conjunction with sleep diaries, interview measures, and questionnaires. A subset of the OCD group (n = 16) also used actigraphy. RESULTS In sum, 42% percent (10/24) of the patients with OCD met the criteria for delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) in comparison to 0% in the control sample. DLMO was significantly later in individuals with OCD compared to controls. DLMO and bedtime were not significantly associated with the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms or negative affect. CONCLUSIONS Replication of the findings presented herein, particularly the DLMO results, is warranted. Further, there are now three studies showing that nearly ½ of individuals with OCD meet criteria for a DSWPD. Future studies can explore the mechanisms underlying these connections and the implications of this comorbidity. These findings may increase our understanding of OCD and inform future interventions.
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Saxvig IW, Wilhelmsen-Langeland A, Pallesen S, Nordhus IH, Vedaa Ø, Bjorvatn B. Habitual Sleep, Social Jetlag, and Reaction Time in Youths With Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder. A Case-Control Study. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2569. [PMID: 31781012 PMCID: PMC6861448 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore habitual sleep, social jetlag, and day-to-day variations in sleep (measured as intra-individual standard deviation, ISD) in youths with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD), compared to healthy controls. We also aimed to investigate time of day effects in performance. The sample comprised 40 youths with DSWPD (70.0% female, mean age 20.7 ± 3.1 years) and 21 healthy controls (71.4% female, mean age 21.2 ± 2.2 years). Subjective and objective sleep were measured over 7 days on a habitual sleep schedule by sleep diary and actigraphy recordings. Performance was tested twice with a 12-h interval (22:00 in the evening and 10:00 the following morning) using a simple, 10-min sustained reaction time test (RTT). The results showed later sleep timing in the DSWPD group compared to the controls, but sleep duration, social jetlag, and ISD in sleep timing did not differ between the groups. Still, participants with DSWPD reported longer sleep onset latency (SOL) and poorer sleep efficiency (SE), sleep quality, and daytime functioning, as well as larger ISD in SOL, sleep duration, and SE. The groups had similar evening performances on the RTT, but the DSWPD group performed poorer (slower with more lapses) than the controls in the morning. The poor morning performance in the DSWPD group likely reflects the combined impact of sleep curtailment and circadian variations in performance (synchrony effect), and importantly illustrates the challenges individuals with DSWPD face when trying to adhere to early morning obligations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild West Saxvig
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ane Wilhelmsen-Langeland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Bjørgvin District Psychiatric Centre, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ståle Pallesen
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Inger Hilde Nordhus
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Behavioural Sciences in Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Vedaa
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Bjorvatn
- Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Centre for Sleep Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Geoffroy PA, Micoulaud Franchi JA, Lopez R, Schroder CM. The use of melatonin in adult psychiatric disorders: Expert recommendations by the French institute of medical research on sleep (SFRMS). L'ENCEPHALE 2019; 45:413-423. [PMID: 31248601 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2019.04.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland at night. This hormone has many physiological functions, the main one being to synchronise individuals' biological rhythms. Exogenous melatonin has the same chronobiotic action, even at small doses (0.125mg). In addition, a sleep-inducing (soporific) action appears to occur in a dose-effect relationship, i.e. as the dose increases. In psychiatric disorders, these two effects could have interesting applications in clinical practice. The French institute of medical research on sleep (SFRMS) appointed a group of experts to conduct a consensus conference to study the indications of melatonin and the conditions of its prescription. An account of the conclusions on adult psychiatric disorders (presented orally at the Congress on Sleep in Marseille, 23 November 2017) is given here. Exogenous melatonin proves to be useful among patients with a stabilized psychiatric disorder or in remission, to prevent relapse in case of associated complaints of insomnia, poor quality sleep or delayed sleep phase syndrome. During acute phases, melatonin could be used as an adjuvant treatment when there are insomnia symptoms, in mood disorders (bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, seasonal affective disorder), in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), in peri-surgical anxiety and in schizophrenia. In somatoform disorders, melatonin is a possible treatment for painful symptoms in fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspeptic syndrome and temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Geoffroy
- Sleep Disorders Center & CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology), University Hospital, 1, place de l'hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, 5, rue Blaise-Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Paris Diderot University - Paris VII, 5, rue Thomas-Mann, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - J-A Micoulaud Franchi
- Services d'explorations fonctionnelles du système nerveux, clinique du sommeil, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France; USR CNRS 3413 SANPSY, université de Bordeaux, CHU de Pellegrin, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - R Lopez
- Unité des troubles du sommeil, département de neurologie, centre national de référence narcolepsie, hypersomnies rares, hôpital Gui de Chauliac, 34000 Montpellier, France; Inserm U1061, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - C M Schroder
- Sleep Disorders Center & CIRCSom (International Research Center for ChronoSomnology), University Hospital, 1, place de l'hôpital, 67000 Strasbourg, France; CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, 5, rue Blaise-Pascal, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospital, 1, place de l'hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg cedex, France
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de la Fuente J, González-Torres MC, Aznárez-Sanado M, Martínez-Vicente JM, Peralta-Sánchez FJ, Vera MM. Implications of Unconnected Micro, Molecular, and Molar Level Research in Psychology: The Case of Executive Functions, Self-Regulation, and External Regulation. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1919. [PMID: 31507487 PMCID: PMC6719524 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation of research production in Psychology as a science has been increasing exponentially. This situation leads to the necessity of organizing the research production into different levels of analysis that make it possible to delimit each research domain. The objective of this analysis is to clearly distinguish the different levels of research: micro-analysis, molecular, and molar. Each level is presented, along with an analysis of its benefits and limitations. Next, this analysis is applied to the topics of Executive Functions, Self-Regulation, and External Regulation. Conclusions, limitations, and implications for future research are offered, with a view toward a better connection of research production across the different levels, and an allusion to ethical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús de la Fuente
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,School of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | | | | | - José Manuel Martínez-Vicente
- School of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.,Center of Research of Psychology, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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