1
|
Ade L, Ren J, Wu J, Ma Z, Wang Y, Zhou Q, Hou F. Forage taste agents manage plant communities through modifying grazing behavior of yak in alpine meadow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:169999. [PMID: 38242471 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The use of taste agents to regulate the grazing behavior of livestock is a new attempt in pasture management, but the effects on grassland plant communities are not clear at present. Therefore, the following scientific questions need to be addressed: (1) how do different taste agents affected plant community structure by changing feed intake? (2) What was the mechanism of this effect? We proposed the following hypotheses: (1) Salt and sweetener increased feed intake of livestock and decreased the biomass of plant community, while bitters did the opposite. (2) Taste agents can regulate the relationship between plant species, and different taste agents can enhance or weaken the competitiveness of the different plants. In order to test the hypothesis, a grazing experiment with yaks was conducted in the alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau. Denatonium benzoate (Bitterant), NaCl (Salt), and sodium cyclamate (Sweetener) were sprayed onto the meadows twice a year, along with a control treatment of tap water. The results showed that (1) Salt increased the feed intake of yak significantly; bitterant decreased the feed intake of livestock and increased the biomass of plant community. (2) Salt increased the Pielou index of the plant community significantly. (3) The stability of plant community ranking from high to low is as follows: Control > Bitterant > Sweetener > Salt. (4) Bitterant and salt improved grazing tolerance of grassland and salt reduced the edibility of grassland. (5) The use of taste agents reduced the correlation between dominant species and led to the fragmentation of the relationship chain. The results of this study will provide a theoretical basis for using taste agents to regulate the community, species biodiversity management, restoration of degraded grassland, promoting utilization of grassland though controlling livestock selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luji Ade
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Argo-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Jingfei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Argo-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Argo-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Zhouwen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Argo-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Yingxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Argo-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fujiang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Argo-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Monegi P, Mkhize NR, Masondo PT, Mbatha KR, Luseba D, Tjelele JT. Diet Mixing and Supplementation Present an Opportunity to Increase the Use of Encroaching Woody Plants by Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3509. [PMID: 38003127 PMCID: PMC10668674 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with the woody plant expansion that is predicted to continue at the expense of the grassy layer is the increasing societal demand for animal protein and livestock products. Unless concerted efforts by land users, ecologists, and animal scientists are made to increase the utilization of trees and shrubs as forage, it will be impossible to meet future demand for meat and meat products. We conducted two short-term pen experiments to determine the effects of (1) supplementation with polyethylene glycol (PEG-a polymer purported to bind and neutralize the negative effects of tannins), a high-protein source (soybean meal), and a high-energy source (yellow maize grain) and (2) diet mixing (single-species vs. multispecies diets) on the intake of condensed tannin-rich woody plants (i.e., Searsia lancea, S. pyroides, and Euclea crispa) by goats. While all three forage species were used in the diet mixing experiment (Exp. 2), only E. crispa was used in the supplementation experiment (Exp. 1). Supplementing goats with energy- and protein-rich sources significantly increased the intake of E. crispa (p < 0.05), 713.4 g ± 13.5 and 760 g ± 28.9, respectively, whereas those on the control diet maintained their intake at 540.32 g ± 11.2. Although PEG tended to increase the consumption of E. crispa by goats, the observed increase was not significant (p > 0.05) from that observed in other treatments. In the diet mixing experiment, goats offered a combination of all three forage species attained substantially higher dry matter intakes compared to the goats offered these species individually (p < 0.05). While longer-term field experiments are needed in the African savannas, we postulate from the current results that management strategies that provide animals with (1) a variety of species in the diet vs. monocultures and (2) a combination of nutrient-rich and tannin-rich species may improve the ability of goats to consume chemically defended woody plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piet Monegi
- Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Range and Forage Sciences, Irene, Pretoria 0062, South Africa
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida, Roodepoort 1709, South Africa;
| | - Ntuthuko Raphael Mkhize
- Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Range and Forage Sciences, Irene, Pretoria 0062, South Africa
- Animal and Poultry Science, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Purity Thobekile Masondo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Staatsartillerie Road, Pretoria West, Pretoria 0001, South Africa (D.L.)
| | - Khanyisile Rebecca Mbatha
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, University of South Africa, Florida, Roodepoort 1709, South Africa;
| | - Dibungi Luseba
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Staatsartillerie Road, Pretoria West, Pretoria 0001, South Africa (D.L.)
| | - Julius Tlou Tjelele
- Agricultural Research Council, Animal Production, Range and Forage Sciences, Irene, Pretoria 0062, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boucheffa S, Sobhi W, Attoui A, Selli S, Kelebek H, Semmeq A, Benguerba Y. Effect of the main constituents of Pistacia lentiscus leaves against the DPPH radical and xanthine oxidase: experimental and theoretical study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9870-9884. [PMID: 34114947 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1936182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to study the content of phenolic compounds in P lentiscus leaves and their antioxidant effect. After extracting the phenolic compounds, fractionation by liquid/liquid partition with increasing polarity gives five extracts. Three of them (ButF, AqF and ButA) were found to have good antioxidant activity. Their IC50s for the inhibition of the free radical formation of DPPH are 1.76 µg/mL, 1.307 µg/ml, and 1.77 µg/mL, respectively. These values are very interesting, considering the effect of the powerful flavonoid quercetin, whose IC50 against DPPH is 1.53 µg/mL. These extracts are also active against xanthine oxidase (XO). The IC50s measured are 0.14 mg/mL, 0.186 mg/mL and 0.33 mg/mL for ButF, Aq F and ButAq F extract respectively, in comparison with allopurinol (0.44 mg/mL). A phytochemical analysis by LC/ESI-MS-MS was performed to explain the observed activities. The results show 22 peaks representing: flavanols, namely catechin, d-Gallocatechin, and gallocatechin gallate. The only flavone detected in the studied extracts was luteolin glucuronide and was found to be in higher amounts in butanolic extract (2,71mg/mL). The phenolic acids and derivatives were also identified in the extracts. A theoretical study was performed to deduce the specificity of the binding between the major compounds identified in the P. lentiscus extract and the xanthine oxidase enzyme using Schrödinger software. The docking procedure was validated using the extraction of ligands from the binding site. Their re-anchoring to the xanthine oxidase structure using quercetin and allopurinol was considered reference molecules. After docking, post-docking minimization was performed to achieve the best scoring poses with the MM-GBSA approach. The dGBind energy of MM-GBSA representing the binding energy of the receptor and the ligand was calculated based on molecular mechanics. Results reveal that β-Glucogallin compounds such as Digalloylquinic acid, Gallocatechin, and Myricetin-3-O rhamnoside are more active than allopurinol, with stronger Docking score (Gscore) and MM-GBSA dGBind.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saliha Boucheffa
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry (LBA), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1 University (UFAS1), Sétif, Algeria
| | - Widad Sobhi
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry (LBA), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1 University (UFAS1), Sétif, Algeria.,Research Center of Biotechnology (CRBt), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Ayoub Attoui
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry (LBA), Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas Sétif-1 University (UFAS1), Sétif, Algeria.,Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Multiphasiques, LMPMP, Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, Sétif, Algeria
| | - Serkan Selli
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Hasim Kelebek
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Adana Alparslan Turkes Science and Technology University, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Yacine Benguerba
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Polymères Multiphasiques, LMPMP, Université Ferhat ABBAS Sétif-1, Sétif, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Semwogerere F, Katiyatiya CLF, Chikwanha OC, Marufu MC, Mapiye C. Bioavailability and Bioefficacy of Hemp By-Products in Ruminant Meat Production and Preservation: A Review. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:572906. [PMID: 33102571 PMCID: PMC7545362 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.572906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant by-products obtained from agro-industrial processes require valorisation to demonstrate their potential for enhancing animal health, meat production, and shelf life extension. One example is the fast-growing hemp industry, which produces seeds, leaves, seed oil, and cake. Studies on the nutritional value of hempseed cake have shown it can be a valuable source of protein in ruminant diets. However, there is limited documentation on the bioavailability and bioefficacy of hemp phytochemicals for improving ruminant health, production, and extending meat shelf life. The current review provides an overview of existing information on nutrient and phytochemical composition of hemp by-products, their bioavailability, and bioefficacy, and explores current limitations and prospects regarding their valorisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farouk Semwogerere
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Chenaimoyo L F Katiyatiya
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Obert C Chikwanha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Munyaradzi C Marufu
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Cletos Mapiye
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stewart W, Whitney T, Scholljegerdes E, Waldron D, Walker J, Adams R, Musser J. Ruminal fermentation characteristics of goats selectively bred to have greater consumption of juniper foliage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
6
|
Gastrointestinal nematode infection and feeding behaviour of goats in a heterogeneous vegetation: No evidence of therapeutic self-medication. Behav Processes 2019; 162:7-13. [PMID: 30685411 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify modifications in the feeding behaviour of goats browsing a tropical deciduous forest (TDF) when natural gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection was suppressed. Continuous bite monitoring through direct observation was implemented in 12 Criollo goats (adults, non-pregnant) foraging for 4 h per day during the rainy season. In the first Period (P1, one observation point) all goats were maintained with natural GIN infection. In the second Period (P2, three observation points), goats were equally distributed into 2 groups: i) moxidectin treated group (TG) used in a suppressive scheme; and ii) naturally infected group (IG). For each observation point, goats were monitored at three timepoints per day (80 min each), for three consecutive days, to estimate their intake of dry matter (DM), condensed tannins (CT), crude protein, metabolizable energy and digestible DM. Live weight (LW), faecal samples and blood samples were obtained every 28 days to determine LW change, faecal egg counts (FEC) and packed cell volume (PCV). During P1 and P2, the TG and IG had similar LW change and PCV. During both periods, the intake of DM, CT and all macronutrients were similar for TG and IG. The suppression of GIN infection did not modify the feeding behaviour of goats. Therefore, a therapeutic self-medicative behaviour was not identified in Criollo goats browsing a TDF.
Collapse
|
7
|
Browse silage as potential feed for captive wild ungulates in southern Africa: A review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 4:1-10. [PMID: 30167478 PMCID: PMC6112349 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the review was to assess the potential of indigenous browse trees as sustainable feed supplement in the form of silage for captive wild ungulates. Several attempts to use silage as feed in zoos in temperate regions have been conducted with success. Information on silage from the indigenous browse trees preferred by wild ungulates in southern Africa is scanty. The use of silage from the browse trees is of interest as it has potential to reduce or replace expensive feed sources (pellets, fruits and farm produce) currently offered in southern African zoos, game farms and reserves, especially during the cold-dry season. Considerable leaf biomass from the indigenous browse trees can be produced for silage making. High nutrient content and minerals from indigenous browsable trees are highly recognised. Indigenous browse trees have low water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) that render them undesirable for fermentation. Techniques such as wilting browse leaves, mixing cereal crops with browse leaves, and use of additives such as urea and enzymes have been studied extensively to increase WSC of silage from the indigenous browse trees. Anti-nutritional factors from the indigenous browse preferred by the wild ungulates have also been studied extensively. Indigenous browse silages are a potential feed resource for the captive wild ungulates. If the browse trees are used to make silage, they are likely to improve performance of wild ungulates in captivity, especially during the cold-dry season when browse is scarce. Research is needed to assess the feasibility of sustainable production and the effective use of silage from indigenous browse trees in southern Africa. Improving intake and nutrient utilisation and reducing the concentrations of anti-nutritional compounds in silage from the indigenous browse trees of southern Africa should be the focus for animal nutrition research that need further investigation.
Collapse
|
8
|
Schoenbaum I, Kigel J, Ungar ED, Dolev A, Henkin Z. Spatial and temporal activity of cattle grazing in Mediterranean oak woodland. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Manousidis T, Kyriazopoulos A, Parissi Z, Abraham E, Korakis G, Abas Z. Grazing behavior, forage selection and diet composition of goats in a Mediterranean woody rangeland. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Manousidis T, Malesios C, Kyriazopoulos A, Parissi Z, Abraham E, Abas Z. A modeling approach for estimating seasonal dietary preferences of goats in a Mediterranean Quercus frainetto–Juniperus oxycedrus woodland. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
11
|
Safwat AM, Sarmiento-Franco L, Santos-Ricalde RH, Nieves D. Determination of tropical forage preferences using two offering methods in rabbits. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 27:524-9. [PMID: 25049983 PMCID: PMC4093528 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Two methods of feed preference trials were compared to evaluate the acceptability of 5 fresh foliages: Leucaena leucocephala, Moringa oleifera, Portulaca oleracea, Guazuma ulmifolia, and Brosimum alicastrum that was included as control. The evaluation included chemical analyses and forage intake by rabbits. The first method was a cafeteria trial; 12 California growing rabbits aged 8 wk, allocated in individual cages, were offered the five forage plants at the same time inside the cage, while in the second trial 60 California growing rabbits aged 8 wk, allocated individually, were randomly distributed into 5 experimental groups (n = 12/group); for each group just one forage species was offered at a time. The testing period for each method lasted for 7 d, preceded by one week of adaptation. The results showed that B. alicastrum and L. lecocephala were the most preferred forages while on the contrary G. ulmifolia was the least preferred one by rabbits. The results also revealed that the CV% value for the 2nd method (16.32%), which the tested forages were presented separately to rabbits, was lower and methodologically more acceptable than such value for the 1st method (34.28%), which all forages were presented together at the same time. It can be concluded that a range of tropical forages were consumed in acceptable quantities by rabbits, suggesting that diets based on such forages with a concentrate supplement could be used successfully for rabbit production. However, growth performance studies are still needed before recommendations could be made on appropriate ration formulations for commercial use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Safwat
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan (UADY), Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico ; Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture (El-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - L Sarmiento-Franco
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan (UADY), Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - R H Santos-Ricalde
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Yucatan (UADY), Km 15.5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - D Nieves
- National University of Llanos "Ezequiel Zamora" (UNELLEZ), Guanare, Portuguesa, Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Egea A, Allegretti L, Paez Lama S, Grilli D, Sartor C, Fucili M, Guevara J, Passera C. Selective behavior of Creole goats in response to the functional heterogeneity of native forage species in the central Monte desert, Argentina. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Meier J, Liesegang A, Louhaichi M, Hilali M, Rischkowsky B, Kreuzer M, Marquardt S. Intake pattern and nutrient supply of lactating sheep selecting dried forage from woody plants and straw offered in binary or multiple choice. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
14
|
Food sensory characteristics: their unconsidered roles in the feeding behaviour of domestic ruminants. Animal 2012; 7:806-13. [PMID: 23218003 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731112002145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
When domestic ruminants are faced with food diversity, they can use pre-ingestive information (i.e. food sensory characteristics perceived by the animal before swallowing the food) and post-ingestive information (i.e. digestive and metabolic consequences, experienced by the animal after swallowing the food) to evaluate the food and make decisions to select a suitable diet. The concept of palatability is essential to understand how pre- and post-ingestive information are interrelated. It refers to the hedonic value of the food without any immediate effect of post-ingestive consequences and environmental factors, but with the influence of individual characteristics, such as animal's genetic background, internal state and previous experiences. In the literature, the post-ingestive consequences are commonly considered as the main force that influences feeding behaviour whereas food sensory characteristics are only used as discriminatory agents. This discriminatory role is indeed important for animals to be aware of their feeding environment, and ruminants are able to use their different senses either singly or in combination to discriminate between different foods. However, numerous studies on ruminants' feeding behaviour demonstrate that the role of food sensory characteristics has been underestimated or simplified; they could play at least two other roles. First, some sensory characteristics also possess a hedonic value which influences ruminants' intake, preferences and food learning independently of any immediate post-ingestive consequences. Further, diversity of food sensory characteristics has a hedonic value, as animals prefer an absence of monotony in food sensory characteristics at similar post-ingestive consequences. Second, some of these food sensory characteristics become an indicator of post-ingestive consequences after their initial hedonic value has acquired a positive or a negative value via previous individual food learning or evolutionary processes. These food sensory characteristics thus represent cues that could help ruminants to anticipate the post-ingestive consequences of a food and to improve their learning efficiency, especially in complex environments. This review then suggests that food sensory characteristics could be of importance to provide pleasure to animals, to increase palatability of a food and to help them learn in complex feeding situations which could improve animal welfare and productivity.
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
In vitroindications for favourable non-additive effects on ruminal methane mitigation between high-phenolic and high-quality forages. Br J Nutr 2012; 109:615-22. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512001742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Feeding plants containing elevated levels of polyphenols may reduce ruminal CH4emissions, but at the expense of nutrient utilisation. There might, however, be non-additive effects when combining high-phenolic plants with well-digestible, high-nutrient feeds. To test whether non-additive effects exist, the leaves ofCarica papaya(high in dietary quality, low in polyphenols),Clidemia hirta(high in hydrolysable tannins),Swietenia mahagoni(high in condensed tannins) andEugenia aquea(high in non-tannin phenolics) were tested alone and in all possible mixtures (n15 treatments). An amount of 200 mg DM of samples was incubatedin vitro(24 h; 39oC) with buffered rumen fluid using the Hohenheim gas test apparatus. After the incubation, total gas production, CH4concentration and fermentation profiles were determined. The levels of absolute CH4, and CH4:SCFA and CH4:total gas ratios were lower (P< 0·05) when incubating a combination ofC. papayaand any high-phenolic plants (C. hirta,S. mahagoniandE. aquea) than when incubatingC. papayaalone. Additionally, mixtures resulted in non-additive effects for all CH4-related parameters of the order of 2–15 % deviation from the expected value (P< 0·01). This means that, by combining these plants, CH4in relation to the fermentative capacity was lower than that predicted when assuming the linearity of the effects. Similar non-additive effects of combiningC. papayawith the other plants were found for NH3concentrations but not for SCFA concentrations. In conclusion, using mixtures of high-quality plants and high-phenolic plants could be one approach to CH4mitigation; however, this awaitsin vivoconfirmation.
Collapse
|
17
|
Allegretti L, Sartor C, Paez Lama S, Egea V, Fucili M, Passera C. Effect of the physiological state of Criollo goats on the botanical composition of their diet in NE Mendoza, Argentina. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
18
|
Yisehak K, Becker A, Rothman J, Dierenfeld E, Marescau B, Bosch G, Hendriks W, Janssens G. Amino acid profile of salivary proteins and plasmatic trace mineral response to dietary condensed tannins in free-ranging zebu cattle (Bos indicus) as a marker of habitat degradation. Livest Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Effect of saliva from sheep that have ingested quebracho tannins on the in vitro rumen fermentation activity to digest tannin-containing shrubs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
21
|
|
22
|
Favreau A, Baumont R, Ferreira G, Dumont B, Ginane C. Do sheep use umami and bitter tastes as cues of post-ingestive consequences when selecting their diet? Appl Anim Behav Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2010.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
23
|
Impact of indoor feeding at late lactation stage on body reserves recovery and reproductive performances of Baladi dairy goats fed on pastoral system. Small Rumin Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
24
|
|
25
|
Pontes LDS, Agreil C, Magda D, Gleizes B, Fritz H. Feeding behaviour of sheep on shrubs in response to contrasting herbaceous cover in rangelands dominated by Cytisus scoparius L. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
|
27
|
Rogosic J, Pfister JA, Provenza FD, Pavlicevic J. The effect of polyethylene glycol on intake of Mediterranean shrubs by sheep and goats1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:3491-6. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|