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Kasapidou E, Iliadis IV, Mitlianga P, Papatzimos G, Karatzia MA, Papadopoulos V, Amanatidis M, Tortoka V, Tsiftsi E, Aggou A, Basdagianni Z. Variations in Composition, Antioxidant Profile, and Physical Traits of Goat Milk within the Semi-Intensive Production System in Mountainous Areas during the Post-Weaning to End-of-Lactation Period. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3505. [PMID: 38003123 PMCID: PMC10668865 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy products from mountain-origin milk are known for their superior composition and quality. This study aimed to examine changes in composition, nutritional quality, and antioxidant properties of milk from semi-intensively managed goats in mountainous regions during the post-weaning to end-of-lactation period. Bulk tank milk samples from 10 farms were collected bi-weekly in the period from March to September. The farms were situated in regions with an average altitude of 772.20 m above sea level. The results revealed significant variations in milk composition, with fluctuations in fat, protein, lactose, and total solids. Milk yield per doe showed seasonal differences, with the highest yield in April and the lowest in September. Fatty acid composition exhibited changes throughout the sampling period, with variations in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Nutritional indices, such as the atherogenicity index and thrombogenicity index, remained within the recommended values. Antioxidant properties, including total phenolic content, DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS, showed significant differences, with higher values toward the end of the study. Milk pH, electrical conductivity, brix value, and refractive index also exhibited variations, while density and freezing point remained relatively stable. The study provided valuable information that can be used to develop breeding and feeding plans to achieve uniform milk quality in mountainous regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Kasapidou
- Department of Agriculture, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece (V.P.)
| | | | - Paraskevi Mitlianga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece (P.M.)
| | - Georgios Papatzimos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece (V.P.)
| | | | - Vasileios Papadopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece (V.P.)
| | - Michail Amanatidis
- Department of Agriculture, University of Western Macedonia, 53100 Florina, Greece (V.P.)
| | - Vasiliki Tortoka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece (P.M.)
| | - Ekaterini Tsiftsi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece (P.M.)
| | - Antonia Aggou
- School of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece (Z.B.)
| | - Zoitsa Basdagianni
- School of Agriculture, Department of Animal Production, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece (Z.B.)
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Mierlita D, Mierlita S, Struti DI, Mintas OS. Effects of Hemp Seed on the Production, Fatty Acid Profile, and Antioxidant Capacity of Milk from Goats Fed Hay or a Mixed Shrubs-Grass Rangeland. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3435. [PMID: 38003053 PMCID: PMC10668719 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The research objective was to evaluate the effect of dietary incorporation of hemp seeds in goats fed with hay or mixed shrubs-grass rangeland on the production, FA profile and health-related lipid indices, antioxidant content and total antioxidant capacity of milk, with the purpose to increase the content of beneficial ingredients in milk and to improve its functional activity. Forty indigenous Carpathian goats were allocated into two groups according to the type of basic forage in their diet: hay (H) or mixed shrubs-grass rangeland (SG); each of them was further divided into two subgroups according to the presence of Hs in the concentrate mixture (250 g/kg) or not. Milk production was determined, and milk samples were collected and analyzed for fat, protein, lactose, and cholesterol content, as well as FA profile, lipophilic antioxidant content (α-tocopherol and retinol), and milk TAC. SG goats gave less milk (p < 0.01) but with higher milk fat (p < 0.001) and lower cholesterol content (p < 0.01) than H goats, while milk protein and lactose contents were not affected. Supplementing the diet with Hs caused a significant increase in milk production (p < 0.05) and milk fat content (p < 0.001) and a decrease in cholesterol content (p < 0.05). Grazing compared to indoor feeding but also supplementing the diet with Hs had the effect of decreasing the proportion of SFAs and increasing the concentrations of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in goat milk fat (p < 0.01). Fats in the milk of SG goats compared to H, but also in those supplemented with Hs, showed significantly higher proportions of vaccenic acid (VA), rumenic acid (CLA c-9,t-11) and omega-3 FA (α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)) which are considered healthy for consumers. The feeding system based on SG and the diet supplementation with Hs ensured the best nutritional and functional quality of milk, confirmed by the FA profile, antioxidant content, and by the value of health-related lipid indices (n-6/n-3 FA ratio and hypo-/hypercholesterolemia, atherogenic index (AI), thrombogenic index (TI), and health promotion index (HPI)). The results of our work will be useful for the development of optimal nutritional strategies that improve the FA profile and the antioxidants content in goat milk, with beneficial effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mierlita
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 1 University St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (D.M.); (O.S.M.)
| | - Stefania Mierlita
- Department of Accounting and Audit, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babes-Bolyai University, 58-60 Teodor Mihali St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Danut Ioan Struti
- Department of Technological Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnologies, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur St., 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olimpia Smaranda Mintas
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 1 University St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (D.M.); (O.S.M.)
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Laurent C, Caillat H, Girard CL, Ferlay A, Laverroux S, Jost J, Graulet B. Impacts of production conditions on goat milk vitamin, carotenoid contents and colour indices. Animal 2023; 17:100683. [PMID: 36610084 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The content, composition and variation of vitamin compounds in goat milk have been little studied. An experimental design was based on 28 commercial farms, selected considering the main feeding system (based on main forage and especially pasture access), goat breed (Alpine vs Saanen) and reproductive management (seasonal reproduction), in the main French goat milk production area. Each farm received two visits (spring and autumn) that included a survey on milk production conditions and bulk milk sampling. Milk vitamins (A, E, B2, B6, B9, B12) and carotenoid concentrations plus colour indices were evaluated. A stepwise approach determined the variables of milk production conditions that significantly altered milk indicators. The main forage in the diet was the major factor altering goat milk vitamin and carotenoid concentrations and colour indices. Bulk milk from goats eating fresh grass as forage was richer in α-tocopherol (+64%), pyridoxal (+35%) and total vitamin B6 (+31%), and b* index (characterising milk yellowness in the CIELAB colour space) was also higher (+12%) than in milk from goats eating conserved forages. In milk from goats eating fresh grass, concentrations of pyridoxamine, lutein and total carotenoids were higher than in milk of goats fed corn silage (+24, +118 and +101%, respectively), and retinol and α-tocopherol concentrations were higher than in milk of goats fed partially dehydrated grass (+45 and +55%). Vitamin B2 concentration was higher in milk of goats eating fresh grass than in milk of goats fed hay or corn silage as forage (+10%). However, bulk milk when goats had access to fresh grass was significantly poorer in vitamin B12 than when fed corn silage (-46%) and in γ-tocopherol (-31%) than when fed conserved forage. Alpine goats produced milk with higher vitamin B2 and folate concentrations than Saanen goats (+18 and +14%, respectively). Additionally, the milk colour index that discriminates milks based on their yellow pigment contents was 7% higher in milk from Alpine than Saanen herds, but milk from Saanen goats was richer in lutein (+46%). Goat milks were richer in vitamins B2 and B12 and folates, but poorer in vitamin B6 in autumn than in spring (+12, +133, +15 and -13%, respectively). This work highlights that goat milk vitamin and carotenoid concentrations and colour indices vary mainly according to the main forage of the diet and secondly according to the breed and season.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Laurent
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - H Caillat
- FERLus, INRAE, Les Verrines, 86600 Lusignan, France
| | - C L Girard
- Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke J1M 0C8, Canada
| | - A Ferlay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - S Laverroux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - J Jost
- Institut de l'Elevage, CS 45002, 86550 Mignaloux-Beauvoir, France; BRILAC -REDCap Network, CS 45002, 86550 Mignaloux-Beauvoir, France
| | - B Graulet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France.
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Morales-Jerrett E, Mena Y, Camúñez-Ruiz JA, Fernández J, Mancilla-Leytón JM. Characterization of dairy goat production systems using autochthonous breeds in Andalusia (Southern Spain): Classification and efficiency comparative analysis. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Effects of Grazing Season on Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Fatty Acids of Nutritional Interest of Caciocavallo Palermitano Cheese. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12050544. [PMID: 35268112 PMCID: PMC8908814 DOI: 10.3390/ani12050544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate, in the different production seasons of the year, the physico-chemical quality of an artisanal cheese traditionally obtained from autochthonous grazing cows, with particular reference to fatty acids (FA) of nutritional interest that play an important role in the risk or prevention of some human pathologies. For this purpose, cheeses were sampled in 11 farms, repeating the samplings in 3 different periods of the year (summer, autumn–winter, and spring) when the productive conditions of the pastures varied. The cheeses produced in the spring period, when cows ingest a greater amount of grazed forage, resulted in a more adequate composition of the main FA, which are recognized as having a health effect, such as α-linolenic, trans-vaccenic, rumenic, docosapentaenoic (DPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids. Branched-chain FA were found in greater quantities in spring cheeses, as well as in summer ones. The FA composition of cheeses produced in the different seasons was reflected in some nutritional indexes that also resulted as more suitable in cheeses obtained in the spring period. The positive effects induced on the FA profile of cheeses are presumably linked to the diet of autochthonous cows, which is mainly based on forage from natural pastures. Therefore, the results obtained confirm the benefits of grazing, which is able to guarantee the production of healthier cheeses for consumers.
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Retinol and α-Tocopherol Contents, Fat Color, and Lipid Oxidation as Traceability Tools of the Feeding System in Suckling Payoya Kids. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12010104. [PMID: 35011211 PMCID: PMC8749631 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Payoya kid feeding systems on the fat-soluble vitamin (retinol/α-tocopherol) contents, fat content, fat color, and the oxidation index were evaluated to determine their potential for use as feeding system traceability tools. Four groups of Payoya kids (55 animals in total) fed milk exclusively were studied: a group fed a milk replacer (MR) and three groups fed natural milk from dams reared with different management systems (mountain grazing (MG), cultivated meadow (CM) and total mixed ration (TMR)). Kids were slaughtered around one month of age and 8 kg of live weight. Kids from the MG and CM groups presented lower retinol (5.56 and 3.72 µg/mL) and higher α-tocopherol plasma (11.43 and 8.85 µg/mL) concentrations than those from the TMR and MR groups (14.98 and 22.47 µg/mL of retinol; 2.49 and 0.52 µg/mL of α-tocopherol, respectively) (p < 0.001). With respect to fat, kids with a higher intramuscular fat percentage (CM and TMR groups) had lower retinol contents (16.52 and 15.99 µg/mL, respectively) than kids from the MG and MR groups (26.81 and 22.63 µg/mL, respectively) (p < 0.001). A dilution effect of vitamins on fat was shown: the higher the amount of fat, the lower the vitamin concentrations, the higher the lipid oxidation index (MDA), and the lower the SUM (absolute value of the integral of the translated spectra between 450 and 510 nm). A discriminant analysis that included all studied variables showed that 94.4% of the kids were classified correctly according to their feeding system and could allow traceability to the consumer.
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Guzmán JL, Martín-García I, Pérez-Écija A, García-Brenes MD, Zarazaga LÁ, Delgado-Pertíñez M. Supplementing the Diet of Dairy Goats with Dried Orange Pulp throughout Lactation: I. Effect on Milk Performance, Nutrient Utilisation, Blood Parameters and Production Economics. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092601. [PMID: 34573567 PMCID: PMC8467038 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dried orange pulp can conveniently replace cereals in ruminant diets; however, no published reports have considered a similar substitution for the goat diet throughout lactation. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effects of cereal replacement (40% and 80%) by dried orange pulp in the diet of Payoya breed goats during the entire lactation period (180 days) on milk yield and composition, blood metabolites and production economics. Also evaluated, in mid-lactation, were the nutrient utilisation and ruminal fermentation of the dried orange pulp diets. Milk production and gross composition did not change in goats fed diets that included dried orange pulp. A decrease in nitrogen availability and retention was observed, while an increase detected in the digestibility of cellulose likely boosted rumen microbial protein synthesis. No pathological effects of dried orange pulp supplementation were detected in blood metabolites. The partial substitution of cereals for dried orange pulp reduced costs and raised economic profits. In conclusion, the partial replacement of cereals by dried orange pulp is a profitable and healthy nutritional strategy in dairy goats that does not compromise their productivity and is suitable for the entire lactation period. Abstract Dried orange pulp (DOP) can be incorporated into ruminant diets, but no reports have considered this strategy during the entire lactation period in goats. Two experiments were performed using lactating Payoya goats. In experiment 1, to study the effect, over 180 days, of DOP on milk yield and composition, blood metabolites and economic values, 44 primiparous goats were allocated into three groups: control diet (concentrate plus lucerne) and DOP40 and DOP80 diets, in which DOP replaced 40% and 80%, respectively, of the cereals. Nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation were also studied (experiment 2). The DOP diets did not affect milk yield and composition. DOP triggered lower intake and digestibility of ether extract and crude protein. Ruminal fermentation was unaffected by DOP, except for a decrease in butyrate for DOP80. The energy balance was unaltered by diet while the balance and retention of nitrogen decreased. Regarding plasma biochemistry, DOP supplementation caused changes that could indicate an improvement in hepatic function and reduced muscular damage and oxidative muscular stress. Moreover, DOP80 provided a profit increase of EUR 3.27/goat. In conclusion, the partial replacement of cereals by DOP is a profitable and healthy nutritional strategy in dairy goats and is suitable for the entire lactation period without compromising productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Huelva, “Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3”, Campus Universitario de la Rábida, Carretera Huelva-Palos de la Frontera, s/n., 21819 Palos de la Frontera (Huelva), Spain; (J.L.G.); (L.Á.Z.)
| | | | - Alejandro Pérez-Écija
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Campus Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14104 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Manuel David García-Brenes
- Departamento de Economía Aplicada II. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Luis Ángel Zarazaga
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Huelva, “Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3”, Campus Universitario de la Rábida, Carretera Huelva-Palos de la Frontera, s/n., 21819 Palos de la Frontera (Huelva), Spain; (J.L.G.); (L.Á.Z.)
| | - Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954486449
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Marescotti ME, Amato M, Demartini E, La Barbera F, Verneau F, Gaviglio A. The Effect of Verbal and Iconic Messages in the Promotion of High-Quality Mountain Cheese: A Non-Hypothetical BDM Approach. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093063. [PMID: 34578941 PMCID: PMC8469762 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure the sustainable development of mountain livestock farming, the adequate remuneration of high-quality dairy products is fundamental. In this sense, communication strategies aimed at promoting mountain products and ensure better positioning and higher market prices are fundamental. The present research seeks to expand the literature regarding consumers' willingness to pay for mountain foods by using an online real auction experiment aimed at evaluating the premium price that consumers are willing to pay for summer over winter mountain cheese, depending on the information provided concerning the taste anticipation or animal welfare. The results showed an overall small premium price given to the higher quality summer cheese; this could be, partially, due to a generally low degree of consumer knowledge about mountain dairy farming. With reference to communication strategies, the results provide evidence about the effectiveness of the rational messages founded upon sensorial characteristics and the anticipated taste of cheese. In addition, this study explored that adding a logo had no main effect on the price premium participants were willing to pay. This may be due to the fact that logos and claims, having a lower information content, are more indicated to lead the choice of consumers with a higher level of awareness. In the conclusion section, policy and agribusiness implications of the findings are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Marescotti
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.E.M.); (E.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Mario Amato
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Rodinò 22a, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (F.L.B.); (F.V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0812539063
| | - Eugenio Demartini
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.E.M.); (E.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Francesco La Barbera
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Rodinò 22a, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (F.L.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Fabio Verneau
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Napoli “Federico II”, Via Rodinò 22a, 80138 Napoli, Italy; (F.L.B.); (F.V.)
| | - Anna Gaviglio
- Department of Veterinary Science for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (M.E.M.); (E.D.); (A.G.)
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Supplementing the Diet of Dairy Goats with Dried Orange Pulp throughout Lactation: II Effect on Milk Fatty Acids Profile, Phenolic Compounds, Fat-Soluble Vitamins and Antioxidant Capacity. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082421. [PMID: 34438879 PMCID: PMC8388772 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spain is a major global producer of both goats and oranges. The orange juice industry produces high levels of organic waste that could be used as alternative feedstock for ruminants, enhancing dairy farm sustainability by lowering feed costs and reducing the environmental impact. An example of such organic waste is dried orange pulp (DOP), which has been proven beneficial as a 40% or 80% replacement for cereal in the diet of goats at an early lactation stage; therefore, it is pertinent to study these by-products over a longer period, such as the complete lactation cycle of 180 days. This study evaluated the Payoya dairy breed and the resultant milk’s antioxidant composition and fatty acid (FA) content in terms of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated FAs (SFA, MUFA, and PUFA, respectively). The levels of vitamin E, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant capacity in milk increased as the percentage of DOP replacing cereals increased. Moreover, the inclusion of DOP improved the nutritional value of the milk for human health (according to the thrombogenicity index, MUFA/SFA, and PUFA/SFA ratios), especially at the end of lactation, leading to the conclusion that DOP might be an appropriate alternative to cereals in the diets of goats. Abstract Although dried orange pulp (DOP) as a short-term dietary supplementation has been proven an effective substitute for cereals in goat diets–without impairing milk quality–there have been no studies considering its use over the full lactation period. This study evaluated replacing cereal with DOP in goat diets for the full 180-day lactation period on milk’s fatty acid (FA) and antioxidant composition. Payoya goats were assigned to three diet groups: a control group consuming a commercial concentrate with alfalfa hay as forage; a DOP40 or DOP80 group, wherein 40% or 80% of the cereal in the concentrate was replaced by DOP. The α-tocopherol and phenolic compounds levels and the antioxidant capacity in the milk increased as the DOP percentage increased. Including DOP might improve the FA indices of milk in the context of human health, especially when included at the end of lactation because it contributes to reducing the thrombogenicity index and increasing both the monounsaturated/saturated FA and polyunsaturated/saturated FA indices and the amounts of indispensables α-C18:3 n-3 and C18:2 n-6 cis. Ultimately, DOP presents a plausible alternative to cereals in the diet of goats throughout lactation to improve the nutritional milk quality, especially the healthy antioxidant capacity.
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Roncero-Díaz M, Panea B, Argüello A, Alcalde MJ. How Management System Affects the Concentration of Retinol and α-Tocopherol in Plasma and Milk of Payoya Lactating Goats: Possible Use as Traceability Biomarkers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082326. [PMID: 34438782 PMCID: PMC8388435 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The milk production systems in goats are mainly intensive and semi-extensive. In the former, the goats are housed and are fed a total mixed ration with vitamin supplementation. In the latter, the feeding of the goats is based on grazing, although with some supplementation with compound feed. Retinol and α-tocopherol that appear in these animals come from the feeding regime, since the animal cannot synthesize them. The objective of this study was to verify if the vitamins provided in different management systems of Payoya lactating goats are good markers of the production system. For this purpose, the content of carotenoids, retinol and α-tocopherol in the milk and plasma of the goats was quantified. Results showed an inverse relationship of the amount of these vitamins between milk and plasma. On the other hand, the metabolism of different vitamins depends on their origin (natural/synthetic), with natural α-tocopherol and synthetic retinol showing the highest amount in milk. Finally, it was found that these compounds can be good traceability tools which allows to guaranty to the consumer the origin of the products derived from these animals. Abstract The retinol and α-tocopherol concentrations were quantified (μg/mL) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in both plasma and milk of goats from three management systems. The aim was to investigate if the compounds pass from feed to animals’ fluids and to evaluate their potential use as feeding regime biomarkers. A total of 45 Payoya dams were distributed in three groups according to management system during the first month of lactation: mountain grazing (MG), cultivated meadow (CM) and total mixed ration (TMR). TMR group had higher concentrations of retinol in both plasma (25.92 ± 3.61 at 30 days postpartum) and milk (8.26 ± 0.79 at 10 days postpartum), and they were also the unique animals whose milk contained detectable concentrations of α-tocopherol (3.15 ± 0.19 at parturition). However, MG and CM goats showed higher plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol (64.26 ± 14.56 and 44.65 ± 5.75 at 30 days postpartum, respectively). These results could imply differences in the bioavailability of supplemented vitamin A and natural β-carotene and between the natural/synthetic forms of α-tocopherol. An inverse relationship between the fluids (plasma/milk) in the contents of α-tocopherol and retinol was observed as lactation progressed. Since 80% of the animals were correctly classified using a discriminant analysis based on these vitamins, these compounds could be used as traceability biomarkers of feeding system, but further studies are necessary to know the possible passage to kid meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Roncero-Díaz
- Department of Agronomy, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
| | - Begoña Panea
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Avda. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón—IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Anastasio Argüello
- Department of Animal Pathology, Animal Production, Bromatology and Feed Technology, University Campus of Arucas, School of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35416 Aruca, Spain;
| | - María J. Alcalde
- Department of Agronomy, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. Utrera km. 1, 41013 Seville, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Mary AEP, Artavia Mora JI, Ronda Borzone PA, Richards SE, Kies AK. Vitamin E and beta-carotene status of dairy cows: a survey of plasma levels and supplementation practices. Animal 2021; 15:100303. [PMID: 34252721 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Culling rate in dairy cattle has increased considerably, thereby reducing cowś longevity and raising sustainability concerns worldwide. In the last decades, feeding systems have changed towards larger inclusion of preserved forages and reduced fresh herbage, which may limit vitamin E and beta-carotene dietary supply to dairy cows. Because of higher oxidative stress, engendered by greater milk production of modern genetics, the requirement for these nutrients is increased. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the current status of vitamin E and beta-carotene of commercial dairy cows. Blood vitamin E and beta-carotene concentrations were measured in 2 467 dairy cows from 127 farms in Belgium, Germany, Iberia and The Netherlands, that were visited once. Five cows were randomly selected per lactation stage per farm: Dry (between 30 and 1 day(s) before calving), Very-early (from calving until 15 days in milk (DIM)), Early (between 16 and 119 DIM), and Mid-late (from 120 DIM onwards). In addition, a survey was conducted to retrieve data on vitamin E and beta-carotene supplementation and feeding practices. Vitamin E and beta-carotene blood concentrations dropped considerably around calving. Among all surveyed cows, more than 75 and 44% were deficient in vitamin E and beta-carotene (i.e., blood concentration below 3.0 and 3.5 mg/l, respectively). Of the Very-early group, more than 97 and 78% of the cows were deficient in vitamin E and beta-carotene, respectively, with respective blood concentrations of 1.15 and 2.71 mg/l, which was significantly lower than the other lactation stages. Vitamin E and beta-carotene blood concentrations, as well as their supplementation levels, significantly varied among countries. Vitamin E and beta-carotene blood concentrations were positively related to the total estimated daily intakes of vitamin E and beta-carotene. Therefore, blood concentrations of vitamin E and beta-carotene depend on their respective level of intake, which is generally below recommendations and varies greatly between countries. Supplementation could contribute to provide cows with adequate amounts of vitamin E and beta-carotene all along the lactation, to ensure their lifetime performance and improve their fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E P Mary
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health Department, Applied R&D and Technical Support EMEA, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
| | - J I Artavia Mora
- Wageningen University and Research, Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - P A Ronda Borzone
- Wageningen University and Research, Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S E Richards
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health Department, Applied R&D and Technical Support EMEA, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - A K Kies
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health Department, Applied R&D and Technical Support EMEA, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; Wageningen University and Research, Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Science, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Günay E, Güneşer O, Karagül Yüceer Y. A comparative study of amino acid, mineral and vitamin profiles of milk from Turkish Saanen, Hair and Maltese goat breeds throughout lactation. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Günay
- Department of Food Engineering Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Çanakkale17020Turkey
| | - Onur Güneşer
- Department of Food Engineering Engineering Faculty Uşak University Uşak64000Turkey
| | - Yonca Karagül Yüceer
- Department of Food Engineering Engineering Faculty Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Çanakkale17020Turkey
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Plaza J, Revilla I, Nieto J, Hidalgo C, Sánchez-García M, Palacios C. Milk Quality and Carbon Footprint Indicators of Dairy Sheep Farms Depend on Grazing Level and Identify the Different Management Systems. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051426. [PMID: 34065724 PMCID: PMC8156543 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are very few studies in the dairy sheep sector associating milk quality and indicators regarding carbon footprint and their link to grazing levels. For 1 year, monthly milk samples and records related to environmental emissions and management systems were collected through surveys from 17 dairy sheep farms in the region of Castilla y León (Spain), in order to relate this information to the use of natural pastures under free grazing. Indicators were constructed on the collected data and subjected to a multivariate statistical procedure that involved a factor analysis, a cluster analysis and a population canonical analysis. By applying multivariate statistical techniques on milk quality and carbon footprint indicators, it was possible to identify the management system of the farms. From an environmental point of view, farms with a higher grazing level (cluster 4) were more sustainable, as they had the lowest carbon footprint (lower CO2, N2O and CO2 equivalent emissions per sheep and year) and the lowest energy consumption levels, which were gradually lower than those of farms in cluster 3; both indicators were much lower than those of farms in clusters 1 and 2. The milk quality of cluster 1 and 2 farms was significantly lower in terms of total protein and fat content, dry extract, omega-3 fatty acid levels and α-tocopherol content than farms in clusters 3 and 4, which had higher accessibility to grazing resources. In sum, the higher the use of natural resources, the lower the external inputs the farms required and the lower environmental impact and energy costs they have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Plaza
- Area of Animal Production, Faculty of Environmental and Agrarian Sciences, University of Salamanca, Avenida Filiberto Villalobos 119-129, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.P.); (J.N.); (M.S.-G.)
| | - Isabel Revilla
- Area of Food Technology, University of Salamanca, E.P.S. of Zamora, Avenida Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain;
| | - Jaime Nieto
- Area of Animal Production, Faculty of Environmental and Agrarian Sciences, University of Salamanca, Avenida Filiberto Villalobos 119-129, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.P.); (J.N.); (M.S.-G.)
| | - Cristina Hidalgo
- Faculty of Economic and Business Science, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071 León, Spain;
| | - Mario Sánchez-García
- Area of Animal Production, Faculty of Environmental and Agrarian Sciences, University of Salamanca, Avenida Filiberto Villalobos 119-129, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.P.); (J.N.); (M.S.-G.)
| | - Carlos Palacios
- Area of Animal Production, Faculty of Environmental and Agrarian Sciences, University of Salamanca, Avenida Filiberto Villalobos 119-129, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.P.); (J.N.); (M.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-659-90-94-88
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14
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Sejian V, Silpa MV, Reshma Nair MR, Devaraj C, Krishnan G, Bagath M, Chauhan SS, Suganthi RU, Fonseca VFC, König S, Gaughan JB, Dunshea FR, Bhatta R. Heat Stress and Goat Welfare: Adaptation and Production Considerations. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041021. [PMID: 33916619 PMCID: PMC8065958 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This review attempted to collate and synthesize information on goat welfare and production constraints during heat stress exposure. Among the farm animals, goats arguably are considered the best-suited animals to survive in tropical climates. Heat stress was found to negatively influence growth, milk and meat production and compromised the immune response, thereby significantly reducing goats' welfare under extensive conditions and transportation. Although considered extremely adapted to tropical climates, their production can be compromised to cope with heat stress. Therefore, information on goat adaptation and production performance during heat exposure could help assess their welfare. Such information would be valuable as the farming communities are often struggling in their efforts to assess animal welfare, especially in tropical regions. Broadly three aspects must be considered to ensure appropriate welfare in goats, and these include (i) housing and environment; (ii) breeding and genetics and (iii) handling and transport. Apart from these, there are a few other negative welfare factors in goat rearing, which differ across the production system being followed. Such negative practices are predominant in extensive systems and include nutritional stress, limited supply of good quality water, climatic extremes, parasitic infestation and lameness, culminating in low production, reproduction and high mortality rates. Broadly two types of methodologies are available to assess welfare in goats in these systems: (i) animal-based measures include behavioral measurements, health and production records and disease symptoms; (ii) resources based and management-based measures include stocking density, manpower, housing conditions and health plans. Goat welfare could be assessed based on several indicators covering behavioral, physical, physiological and productive responses. The important indicators of goat welfare include agonistic behavior, vocalization, skin temperature, body condition score (BCS), hair coat conditions, rectal temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, sweating, reduced growth, reduced milk production and reduced reproductive efficiency. There are also different approaches available by which the welfare of goats could be assessed, such as naturalistic, functional and subjective approaches. Thus, assessing welfare in goats at every production stage is a prerequisite for ensuring appropriate production in this all-important species to guarantee optimum returns to the marginal and subsistence farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerasamy Sejian
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mullakkalparambil V. Silpa
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35390 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Mini R. Reshma Nair
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
- Academy of Climate Change Education and Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara 680656, India
| | - Chinnasamy Devaraj
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Govindan Krishnan
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Madiajagan Bagath
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Surinder S. Chauhan
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.S.C.); (F.R.D.)
| | - Rajendran U. Suganthi
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Vinicius F. C. Fonseca
- Innovation Group of Biometeorology and Animal Welfare, Animal Science Department, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, Brazil;
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown 2193, South Africa
| | - Sven König
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, 35390 Gießen, Germany;
| | - John B. Gaughan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia;
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (S.S.C.); (F.R.D.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- Centre for Climate Resilient Animal Adaptation Studies, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560030, India; (M.V.S.); (M.R.R.N.); (C.D.); (G.K.); (M.B.); (R.U.S.); (R.B.)
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15
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Gutiérrez-Peña R, Avilés C, Galán-Soldevilla H, Polvillo O, Ruiz Pérez-Cacho P, Guzmán JL, Horcada A, Delgado-Pertíñez M. Physicochemical Composition, Antioxidant Status, Fatty Acid Profile, and Volatile Compounds of Milk and Fresh and Ripened Ewes' Cheese from a Sustainable Part-Time Grazing System. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010080. [PMID: 33401637 PMCID: PMC7823943 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted the first nutritional analysis of dairy products from the traditional Roja Mallorquina sheep breed. Samples of bulk raw milk were taken twice a month from December 2015 to March 2016 from sheep fed using a part-time grazing system, and fresh soft (FC, n = 8) and ripened (RC, n = 8) cheeses were made. The variability in vitamins, total phenolic compounds (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and fatty acid (FA) content was influenced by the cheese-making process (differences between the cheese and the original milk) and by the type of cheese-making technology (mainly related to heating, the use of starter culture, and ripening). The most notable physicochemical characteristic of the cheeses was low fat content (24.1 and 29.6 g/100 g for FC and RC). Milk and RC were characterised by major concentrations of retinol (211.4 and 233.6 μg/100 g dry matter (DM), respectively) and TPC (18.7 and 54.6 μg/100 g DM, respectively), while FC was characterised by major concentrations of retinol (376.4 μg) and α-tocopherol (361.7 μg). The fat-soluble components of the FC generally exhibited better nutritional value for human health than those of the milk and RC, with a higher level of retinol and α-tocopherol; lower values for saturated FA, atherogenic, and thrombogenic indices; and higher levels of monounsaturated FA, polyunsaturated FA, n-3, and n-6. Acids, alcohols, and ketones comprised almost 95% of the volatile compounds detected. Acetoin and products of lactose and citrate metabolism played an important role in the development of the aromatic attributes of both kinds of cheese. This preliminary study can contribute to add value to these traditional products according to healthy nutritional criteria and supports the implementation of strategies to promote their commercialisation and obtain product labelling as “pasture-fed” or specific marks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Gutiérrez-Peña
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.G.-P.); (A.H.)
| | - Carmen Avilés
- Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.); (H.G.-S.); (P.R.P.-C.)
| | - Hortensia Galán-Soldevilla
- Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.); (H.G.-S.); (P.R.P.-C.)
| | - Oliva Polvillo
- Servicio General de Investigación Agraria, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Pilar Ruiz Pérez-Cacho
- Departamento de Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Campus de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain; (C.A.); (H.G.-S.); (P.R.P.-C.)
| | - José Luis Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, ‘Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3’ Campus Universitario de la Rábida, Carretera de Huelva-Palos de la Frontera s/n., Universidad de Huelva, 21819 Huelva, Spain;
| | - Alberto Horcada
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.G.-P.); (A.H.)
| | - Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (R.G.-P.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34954486449
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16
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Using dried orange pulp in the diet of dairy goats: effects on milk yield and composition and blood parameters of dams and growth performance and carcass quality of kids. Animal 2020; 14:2212-2220. [PMID: 32367792 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dried orange pulp (DOP) may conveniently replace cereals in ruminant diets, few studies have considered similar diet substitution for goats. We hypothesised that DOP could replace cereal-based concentrate in goat diets without detrimental effects on growth performance and carcass quality of suckling kids and milk performance and blood biochemical parameters of dams in early lactation. We also hypothesised that DOP substitution may increase the levels of antioxidants, such as phenolic compounds and vitamin E, in milk and improve its total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Therefore, 44 primiparous Payoya dairy goats were allocated to three experimental groups, each fed a different diet: control (CD, n = 14) based on a commercial concentrate with alfalfa hay as forage; and DOP40 (n = 16) in which 40% and DOP80 (n = 14) in which 80% of the cereal in the concentrate were replaced by DOP. The experiment lasted from the final month of pregnancy to 55 days postpartum. The DOP diets did not affect suckling kids' carcass quality, but at 28 days, led to improvement in live weight (LW) and average daily gain (ADG) from birth, although no differences were found between DOP40 and DOP80 (for CD, DOP40 and DOP80, LW at 28 days was 8.00, 8.58 and 8.34 kg and ADG was 184, 199 and 195 g/day, respectively). Diet had no significant effect on milk yield (average daily milk yield and total yield at 55 days were 1.66 l/day and 90.6 l, respectively) and commercial and fatty acid composition. Nevertheless, α-tocopherol, total phenolic compound (TPC) and TAC concentration in milk increased with substitution of cereals by DOP (for CD, DOP40 and DOP80, concentration of α-tocopherol was 21.7, 32.8 and 42.3 μg/100 g, TPCs was 63.5, 84.1 and 102 mg gallic acid equivalents/l, and TAC was 6.63, 11.1 and 12.8 μmol Trolox equivalents/ml, respectively). Every plasma biochemistry parameter considered was within reference values for healthy goats; therefore, no pathological effect was detected for these variables due to dietary treatment. However, DOP diets caused a reduction in plasmatic creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase, implying reduced oxidative damage to muscles. In conclusion, DOP may be an interesting alternative to cereals in early lactation goat diets for increasing farmers' income and the healthy antioxidant capacity of milk.
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Guzmán JL, Delgado-Pertíñez M, Beriáin MJ, Pino R, Zarazaga LÁ, Horcada A. The Use of Concentrates Rich in Orange By-Products in Goat Feed and Its Effects on Physico-Chemical, Textural, Fatty Acids, Volatile Compounds and Sensory Characteristics of the Meat of Suckling Kids. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050766. [PMID: 32353993 PMCID: PMC7278456 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Spain is a major global producer of both goats and citrus fruits on the world. Using by-products of the orange industry for feeding ruminants has environmental advantages. In this work, we analysed how replacing cereal concentrates with dehydrated orange pulp (DOP) in the diet of mother goats affects the meat quality of suckling kids. We evaluated the following characteristics of the meat of suckling kids of the dairy Payoya breed: chemical composition; texture; water holding capacity; colour; saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (SFA, MUFA, and PUFA, respectively); volatile compounds; and sensorial appraisal. The inclusion of DOP in goat feed did not affect the proximal composition, texture, colour, or juiciness of the kids’ meat. However, the inclusion of DOP improved the indices of the nutritional value of the meat for human health (thrombogenicity index, PUFA/SFA ratio, and n-6/n-3 ratio). The inclusion of DOP in goat feed reduced MUFA content in the kids’ meat. An increase in aromatic compounds, including ethyl furan, dimethyl disulphide, and heptane, was observed in the grilled meat of kids from goats that were fed DOP. The use of DOP in goat feed improved consumers’ sensory appreciation of the suckling kids’ meat. Abstract We analysed how replacing cereal concentrates with dehydrated orange pulp (DOP) in the diet of mother goats affects the meat quality of suckling kids. Three experimental diets for mother goats were designed. The DOP-0 diet contained commercial concentrates and alfalfa hay. In the DOP-40 and DOP-80 diets, 40% and 80% (respectively) of the cereal in the concentrate was replaced with pellets of DOP (the alfalfa hay component was unchanged). We evaluated the chemical composition, texture, water holding capacity, colour, fatty acids (FAs) profile, volatile compounds, and sensorial appraisal of the meat from 30 male suckling kids (cold carcass weight 4.74 kg, 4.82 kg, and 4.65 kg for DOP-0, DOP-40, and DOP-80, respectively) of the Payoya breed (n = 10 for each diet). Meat from kids in the DOP-40 and DOP-80 groups exhibited characteristics favourable for human health, including the meat’s thrombogenicity index, PUFA/SFA ratio (0.60 index), and n-6 PUFA/n-3 PUFA ratio (approximately 7.50). The meat also exhibited reduced MUFA content (around 460 mg/100 g fresh meat). An increase in ethyl furan, dimethyl disulphide and heptane was observed in grilled meat from goats that were fed using DOP. The inclusion of DOP in goat feed improved consumers’ sensory appreciation of the kid’s meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSI, Universidad de Huelva, “Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3”, Campus de la Rábida, 21819 Palos de la Frontera, Huelva, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - María José Beriáin
- Research Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (ISFOOD), Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Pino
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Facultad de Matemáticas, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Luis Ángel Zarazaga
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSI, Universidad de Huelva, “Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3”, Campus de la Rábida, 21819 Palos de la Frontera, Huelva, Spain
| | - Alberto Horcada
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, ETSIA, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-954486448
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Isidro-Requejo LM, Meza-Herrera CA, Pastor-López FJ, Maldonado JA, Salinas-González H. Physicochemical characterization of goat milk produced in the Comarca Lagunera, Mexico. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:563-573. [PMID: 30714280 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine goat milk physicochemical parameters during the feed scarcity season. An evaluation was made for 398 milk samples from 80 multiparous goats belonging to three different production systems: (S1) mechanized milking grazing pasture and harvested residue (alfalfa) and grain supplemented; (S2) system grazing native pasture; and (S3) system grazing native pasture and grain supplemented. The general averages were: fat (FT) 4.0 ± 0.20%, protein (PR) 3.3 ± 0.05%, lactose (LC) 4.9 ± 0.09%, nonfat solids (NFS) 8.9 ± 0.13%, total solids (TS) 14.5 ± 0.20%, temperature (TM) 24.6 ± 1.06°C, and acidity (pH) 6.7 ± 0.049. Most of the physicochemical components of milk were affected (p < 0.0001) by the production system × month interaction and production system × group × month interaction. The FT content was higher (p < 0.05) in S2 (4.56 ± 0.18) than in S1 (3.64 ± 0.20) and S3 (3.50 ± 0.20). LC differed (p < 0.05) in S2 (5.07 ± 0.08) than in S1 (4.77 ± 0.09) and S3 (4.70 ± 0.09). No differences were observed for the rest of the variables (p < 0.05) among the production systems. The study unveiled a higher content of FT, LC, NFS, PR, and TS for S2 than for S1 and S3. This higher content may be explained because S2 only grazed on herbs and shrubs, in contrast to S1 and S3 which were additionally supplemented with grain concentrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Isidro-Requejo
- INIFAP-Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental La Laguna, Matamoros, Coahuila, México
| | - César A Meza-Herrera
- Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Áridas, Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Bermejillo, Durango, México
| | - Francisco J Pastor-López
- INIFAP-Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental La Laguna, Matamoros, Coahuila, México
| | - Jorge A Maldonado
- INIFAP-Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Campo Experimental La Laguna, Matamoros, Coahuila, México
| | - Homero Salinas-González
- Facultad de Contaduría y Administración, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Torreón, Coahuila, México
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Fatty acid profile and vitamins A and E contents of milk in goat farms under Mediterranean wood pastures as affected by grazing conditions and seasons. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Effect of early lactation stage on goat colostrum: Assessment of lipid and oligosaccharide compounds. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Arco-Pérez A, Ramos-Morales E, Yáñez-Ruiz D, Abecia L, Martín-García A. Nutritive evaluation and milk quality of including of tomato or olive by-products silages with sunflower oil in the diet of dairy goats. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Vacca GM, Paschino P, Dettori ML, Bergamaschi M, Cipolat-Gotet C, Bittante G, Pazzola M. Environmental, morphological, and productive characterization of Sardinian goats and use of latent explanatory factors for population analysis. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3947-3957. [PMID: 27898896 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy goat farming is practiced worldwide, within a range of different farming systems. Here we investigated the effects of environmental factors and morphology on milk traits of the Sardinian goat population. Sardinian goats are currently reared in Sardinia (Italy) in a low-input context, similar to many goat farming systems, especially in developing countries. Milk and morphological traits from 1,050 Sardinian goats from 42 farms were recorded. We observed a high variability regarding morphological traits, such as coat color, ear length and direction, horn presence, and udder shape. Such variability derived partly from the unplanned repeated crossbreeding of the native Sardinian goats with exotic breeds, especially Maltese goats. The farms located in the mountains were characterized by the traditional farming system and the lowest percentage of crossbred goats. Explanatory factors analysis was used to summarize the interrelated measured milk variables. The explanatory factor related to fat, protein, and energy content of milk (the "Quality" latent variable) explained about 30% of the variance of the whole data set of measured milk traits followed by the "Hygiene" (19%), "Production" (19%), and "Acidity" (11%) factors. The "Quality" and "Hygiene" factors were not affected by any of the farm classification items, whereas "Production" and "Acidity" were affected only by altitude and size of herds, respectively, indicating the adaptation of the local goat population to different environmental conditions. The use of latent explanatory factor analysis allowed us to clearly explain the large variability of milk traits, revealing that the Sardinian goat population cannot be divided into subpopulations based on milk attitude The factors, properly integrated with genetic data, may be useful tools in future selection programs.
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Valdivielso I, Bustamante M, Aldezabal A, Amores G, Virto M, Ruiz de Gordoa J, de Renobales M, Barron L. Case study of a commercial sheep flock under extensive mountain grazing: Pasture derived lipid compounds in milk and cheese. Food Chem 2016; 197:622-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.10.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Damascus kids’ slaughter, carcass and meat quality traits in different production systems using antioxidant supplementation. Small Rumin Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Moreno GM, Borba H, Araújo GG, Sañudo C, Sobrinho AGS, Buzanskas ME, Júnior DML, de Almeida VV, Neto OB. Meat Quality of Lambs Fed Different Saltbush Hay (Atriplex Nummularia) Levels. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Iussig G, Renna M, Gorlier A, Lonati M, Lussiana C, Battaglini L, Lombardi G. Browsing ratio, species intake, and milk fatty acid composition of goats foraging on alpine open grassland and grazable forestland. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Commercial sheep flocks – fatty acid and fat-soluble antioxidant composition of milk and cheese related to changes in feeding management throughout lactation. J DAIRY RES 2015; 82:334-43. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029915000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs), tocopherols and retinoids were analysed in raw milk and cheese from six commercial sheep flocks monitored from early lactation in winter to late lactation in summer. In winter, animals received concentrate and forage indoors; in early spring, animals grazed part-time on cultivated or natural valley grasslands; and from mid spring on, animals were kept outdoors constantly on mountain natural pastures. Mountain grazing in late lactation significantly increased the amount of healthy desirable unsaturated FAs such as C18:1t11 (VA), C18:2c9t11 (RA), C18:2t11c13, C18:3c9c12c15 (ALA) and C20:5c5c8c11c14c17 (EPA), and those of α-tocopherol and α-tocotrienol of milk and cheese. Stepwise discriminant analysis was applied to classify cheese samples according to seasonal feeding management. The multivariate approach was able to discriminate beyond doubt mountain cheeses from those of indoor feeding and part-time valley grazing.
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Silanikove N, Koluman (Darcan) N. Impact of climate change on the dairy industry in temperate zones: Predications on the overall negative impact and on the positive role of dairy goats in adaptation to earth warming. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Silanikove N. Selected lectures from the Regional IGA Conference on Goat Milk Quality, Tromsø, Norway, June 4–6, 2013: From the Editor bird-eye. Small Rumin Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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