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Viennasay B, Wanapat M. Strategic supplementation of Flemingia silage to enhance rumen fermentation efficiency, microbial protein synthesis and methane mitigation in beef cattle. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:480. [PMID: 33298016 PMCID: PMC7726859 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Good quality protein as an on-farm feed resource has been in great demand to support the productivity of ruminants. A digestion trial using beef cattle crossbreds was conducted to assess the four dietary treatments of Flemingia macrophylla silage (FMS) supplementation at 0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 kg dry matter (DM)/day in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Feed DM intakes were measured during the 14 days and sample of feeds, feces, urine, as well as rumen fluid and blood were collected during the 7 days while the animals were on metabolism crates. Results Based on this experiment strategic supplementation of FMS increased (P < 0.05) nutrients digestibility (organic matter, crude protein, and acid detergent fiber) enhanced rumen total volatile fatty acid production especially propionic acid (C3), C2:C3 ratio while, remarkably promoted the microbial protein synthesis (MPS) by increasing N-balance and retention of purine derivatives. Conclusions Under this experiment, the results revealed the potential use of FMS as a good-quality feed to improve nutrients digestibility, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, and to mitigate methane production. FMS supplementation at 0.6 kg DM/day exhibited the best result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bounnaxay Viennasay
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Centre (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Centre (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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2
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Enhancing lactating dairy cow rumen fermentation and production with Flemingia silage containing phytonutrients. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Phesatcha B, Viennasay B, Wanapat M. Potential use of Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) as a protein source fodder to improve nutrients digestibility, ruminal fermentation efficiency in beef cattle. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:613-620. [PMID: 32819066 PMCID: PMC7961298 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed at studying the potential use of Flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla) as a protein source fodder to improve nutrients digestibility and ruminal fermentation efficiency in beef cattle. Methods Four, Thai native beef cattle were randomly assigned in a 4×4 Latin square design. Four levels of Flemingia hay meal (FHM) were used to replace soybean meal (SBM) in the concentrate mixtures in four dietary treatments replacing levels at 0%, 30%, 60%, and 100% of SBM. Results The experimental findings revealed that replacements did not effect on intake of rice straw, concentrate and total dry matter (DM) intake (p>0.05). However, the apparent digestibilities of DM, organic matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, and neutral detergent fiber were linearly increased up to 100% replacement levels. Moreover, the production of total volatile fatty acids, and propionate concentration were enhanced (p<0.05) whereas the concentration of acetate was reduced in all replacement groups. Consequently, the CH4 production was significantly lower when increasing levels of FHM for SBM (p<0.05). Furthermore, rumen bacterial population was additionally increased (p<0.05) while protozoal population was clearly decreased (p<0.05) in all replacement groups up to 100%. In addition, microbial nitrogen supply and efficiency of microbial nitrogen synthesis were enhanced (p<0.05), as affected by FHM replacements. Conclusion The findings under this experiment suggest that 100% FHM replacement in concentrate mixture enhanced rumen fermentation efficiency, nutrients digestibilities, bacterial population, microbial protein synthesis, and subsequently reduced CH4 production in beef cattle fed on rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burarat Phesatcha
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Bounnaxay Viennasay
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Tannin-Rich Plants as Natural Manipulators of Rumen Fermentation in the Livestock Industry. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122943. [PMID: 32604804 PMCID: PMC7356976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CTs) are plant anti-herbivore compounds with antimicrobial activity that can be used in ruminant diets as ruminal microbiome manipulators. However, not all CTs from fodder legumes are bioactive due to their wide structural diversity. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of 10 CT-containing plants (Flemingia macrophylla, Leucaena leucocephala, Stylosanthes guianensis, Gliricidia sepium, Cratylia argentea, Cajanus cajan, Desmodium ovalifolium, Macrotiloma axilare, D. paniculatum, and Lespedeza procumbens) on in vitro fermentation kinetics of Nelore beef cattle. Polyethylene glycol (PEG), a specific CT-binding agent, was added to neutralize condensed tannin. Tifton and alfalfa hay were used as controls lacking CT. The experimental layout included a randomized complete block with factorial design and four blocks. The data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s test to determine differences (p < 0.05) among treatment means. The addition of PEG in browse incubations resulted in increased gas production, fermentation rate, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and N-NH3 release. Within our study, Lespedeza procumbens, Desmodium paniculatum, Leucaena leucocephala, Desmodium ovalifolium, and Flemingia macrophylla showed superior bioactivity compared to other species evaluated, suggesting a natural alternative for replacing ionophores to modify ruminal fermentation. Condensed tannins from L. pocumbens, D. paniculatum, L. leucocephala, D. ovalifolium, and F. macrophylla have the potential to modify rumen fermentation in beef cattle.
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Robles Jimenez LE, Ruiz Perez JA, Nicolas DL, Chay Canul AJ, Ramirez-Rivera JC, Villegas-Estrada D, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Gonzalez-Ronquillo M. Productive behavior in growing kid goats and methane production with the inclusion of chokecherry leaf (Prunus salicifolia). Trop Anim Health Prod 2020; 52:1257-1267. [PMID: 31728954 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Currently for the reduction of methane (CH4) emissions are using fodder rich in condensed tannins, however, not yet known exactly how they act in the rumen is not yet clear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of leaves of Prunus salicifolia (PS, 0%, 15%, and 30%) on the productive behavior of growing kid goats, methane production, nutritional value, fermentation, and ruminal digestibility through an in vivo and in vitro study was performed. Diets were administered ad libitum to 6 Saanen kids with live weight (LW) of 12.25 ± 2.25 kg. Three levels of inclusion were used in a diet based on ground corn grain, soybean meal, corn stover, and oat hay in substitution with P. salicifolia leaves. The in vivo productive behavior was determined, as well as the fermentation kinetics, in vitro gas production, CH4 and hydrogen (H2) in an in vitro system was determined. For the in vivo study, we used a 3 × 3 Latin square design in in vivo study and an analysis of variance with three replications for in vitro gas production. The inclusion of 30% increased (P = 0.0011) dry matter intake (DMI 589.33 g/day) compared to the control group (418.80 g/day). The highest N excretion (feces and urine) (P < 0.001) was for T0, in addition to presenting a negative nitrogen balance compared with T15 and T30. The production of CH4 (mM)/g DM incubated, and CH4 (mM)/g DM fermented, CH4 (mM/day), and H2 was lower (P < 0.05) in T30 than T0 and T15. CH4 (mM)/day was lower (P < 0.036) in T130 (283 mM/day) compared with T0 (407 mM/day) P. salicifolia is a forage that helps to reduce the production of methane and can be included in the diets of growing kid goats in amounts less than 30% without affecting production performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth E Robles Jimenez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100, 50000, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Jose A Ruiz Perez
- Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Agropecuario No. 150, Acambay, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Di Lorenzo Nicolas
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Marianna, USA
| | - Alfonso J Chay Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, R/A, La Huasteca 2ª Sección, CP, 86280, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - Julio Cesar Ramirez-Rivera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Daniela Villegas-Estrada
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100, 50000, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 3, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100, 50000, Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico.
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Bueno ICS, Brandi RA, Fagundes GM, Benetel G, Muir JP. The Role of Condensed Tannins in the In Vitro Rumen Fermentation Kinetics in Ruminant Species: Feeding Type Involved? Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040635. [PMID: 32272600 PMCID: PMC7222832 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal feeding behavior and diet composition determine rumen fermentation responses and its microbial characteristics. This study aimed to evaluate the rumen fermentation kinetics of domestic ruminants feeding diets with or without condensed tannins (CT). Holstein dairy cows, Nelore beef cattle, Mediterranean water buffalo, Santa Inês sheep and Saanen goats were used as inoculum donors (three animals of each species). The substrates were maize silage (Zea mays), fresh elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), Tifton-85 hay (Cynodon spp.) and fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Acacia (Acacia molissima) extract was used as the external CT source. The in vitro semi-automated gas production technique was used to assess the fermentation kinetics. The experimental design was completely randomized with five inoculum sources (animal species), four substrates (feeds) and two treatments (with or without extract). The inclusion of CT caused more severe effects in grazing ruminants than selector ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ives C. S. Bueno
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo 1365-900, Brazil; (I.C.S.B.); (R.A.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Roberta A. Brandi
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo 1365-900, Brazil; (I.C.S.B.); (R.A.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Gisele M. Fagundes
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Roraima—UFRR, BR 174, km 12, Boa Vista, Roraima 69300-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-95-3627-2898
| | - Gabriela Benetel
- Department of Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, São Paulo 1365-900, Brazil; (I.C.S.B.); (R.A.B.); (G.B.)
| | - James Pierre Muir
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, Stephenville, TX 76401, USA;
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Torres-Fajardo RA, González-Pech PG, Ventura-Cordero J, Ortíz-Ocampo GI, Sandoval-Castro CA, Torres-Acosta JFJ. Feed resource selection of Criollo goats is the result of an interaction between plant resources, condensed tannins and Haemonchus contortus infection. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Effects of partial substitution of alfalfa hay with green tea waste on growth performance and in vitro methane emission of fat-tailed lambs. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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9
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Piñeiro-Vázquez AT, Jiménez-Ferrer G, Alayon-Gamboa JA, Chay-Canul AJ, Ayala-Burgos AJ, Aguilar-Pérez CF, Ku-Vera JC. Effects of quebracho tannin extract on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation, and methane production in crossbred heifers fed low-quality tropical grass. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:29-36. [PMID: 28905183 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1396-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of quebracho tannins extract (QTE) on feed intake, dry matter (DM) digestibility, and methane (CH4) emissions in cattle fed low-quality Pennisetum purpureum grass. Five heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) with an average live weight (LW) of 295 ± 19 kg were allotted to five treatments (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% QTE/kg DM) in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Intake, digestibility, and total methane emissions (L/day) were recorded for periods of 23 h when cattle were housed in open-circuit respiration chambers. Dry matter intake (DMI), organic matter intake (OMI), dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were different between treatments with 0 and 4% of QTE/kg DM (P < 0.05). Total volatile fatty acid and the molar proportion of acetate in the rumen was not affected (P < 0.05); however, the molar proportion of propionate increased linearly (P < 0.01) for treatments with 3 and 4% QTE. Total CH4 production decreased linearly (P < 0.01) as QTE increased in the diet, particularly with 3 and 4% concentration. When expressed as DMI and OMI by CH4, production (L/kg) was different between treatments with 0 vs 3 and 4% QTE (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the addition of QTE at 2 or 3% of dry matter ration can decrease methane production up to 29 and 41%, respectively, without significantly compromising feed intake and nutrients digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Piñeiro-Vázquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 97300, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico. .,Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal. División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación. Avenida Tecnológico s/n, 97345, Conkal, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - G Jiménez-Ferrer
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio María Auxiliadora, 29290, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico.,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Unidad Campeche, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma, 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - J A Alayon-Gamboa
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR) Carretera Panamericana y Periférico Sur s/n, Barrio María Auxiliadora, 29290, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico.,El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Unidad Campeche, Av. Rancho Polígono 2-A, Ciudad Industrial, Lerma, 24500, Campeche, Mexico
| | - A J Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Carretera Villahermosa-Teapa, km 25, R/a. La Huasteca 2a. Sección, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - A J Ayala-Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 97300, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - C F Aguilar-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 97300, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J C Ku-Vera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, 97300, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
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Knowles MM, Pabón ML, Hess HD, Carulla JE. Changes in in vitro ruminal and post-ruminal degradation of tropical tannin-rich legumes due to varying levels of polyethylene glycol. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 101:641-648. [PMID: 28052457 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of tannins from Flemingia macrophylla (CIAT 17403) and Calliandra calothyrsus (San Ramón CIAT 22310 and Patulul CIAT 22316) on in vitro ruminal and post-ruminal dry matter and apparent protein degradation. For each tannin source (legumes), different dosages of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (8000 Da) in McDougall buffer were added to achieve ratios of 0:3, 1:3, 2:3 and 3:3 PEG:condensed tannin (CT). Ruminal fluid mixed with McDougall buffer (1:4) was added to tubes containing only legume foliage (control) or PEG-treated legume foliage. For both Calliandra varieties, a higher ruminal dry matter degradation was observed at a PEG:CT ratio of 3:3. For F. macrophylla, no differences were found between 2:3 and 3:3 ratios (p > 0.05), indicating that a PEG:CT ratio of 2:3 might be enough to bind tannins. Increasing PEG:CT ratios increased apparent ruminal degraded protein and ammonia concentration (p < 0.0001) differing among species (species × ratio: p < 0.0001). The degradation of bypass crude protein (dBCP) was influenced by both legume type and PEG:CT ratio (p < 0.0001). For Patulul, as PEG:CT ratio increased, dBCP increased, but after tannin ratio of 2:3, there was not a significant increase, and for San Ramón, dBCP degradation was higher as PEG:CT ratio increased up to 2:3. For Flemingia, dBCP was higher than PEG:CT ratio of 0:3 but not different among 1:3, 2:3 or 3:3. Low concentration of CT (116 mg/g DM) increased the proportion of protein digested in the abomasum, but higher levels of CT (252 mg/g) clearly reduced the proportion of digested CP. For Flemingia, PEG:CT ratio of 2:3 is enough to inactivate tannins, while PEG:CT ratio of 3:3 was needed for Calliandra and consequently increased ruminal degradation of dry mater (rdDM), and crude protein (rdCP), total degradation of dry matter (tdDM), crude protein (tdCP) and ammonia levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Knowles
- Departamento de Ciencias para la Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - M L Pabón
- Departamento de Ciencias para la Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - H D Hess
- Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux, Swiss Federal Research Station for Animal Production and Dairy Products (ALP), Posieux, Switzerland
| | - J E Carulla
- Departamento de Ciencias para la Producción Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Pech-Cervantes A, Ventura-Cordero J, Capetillo-Leal C, Torres-Acosta J, Sandoval-Castro C. Relationship between intake of tannin-containing tropical tree forage, PEG supplementation, and salivary haze development in hair sheep and goats. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Phesatcha B, Wanapat M, Phesatcha K, Ampapon T, Kang S. Supplementation of Flemingia macrophylla and cassava foliage as a rumen enhancer on fermentation efficiency and estimated methane production in dairy steers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 48:1449-54. [PMID: 27473104 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Four rumen-fistulated dairy steers, 3 years old with 180 ± 15 kg body weight (BW), were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to investigate on the effect of Flemingia macrophylla hay meal (FMH) and cassava hay meal (CH) supplementation on rumen fermentation efficiency and estimated methane production. The treatments were as follows: T1 = non-supplement, T2 = CH supplementation at 150 g/head/day, T3 = FMH supplementation at 150 g/head/day, and T4 = CH + FMH supplementation at 75 and 75 g/head/day. All steers were fed rice straw ad libitum and concentrate was offered at 0.5 % of BW. Results revealed that supplementation of CH and/or FMH did not affect on feed intake (P > 0.05) while digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber were increased especially in steers receiving FMH and CH+FMH (P < 0.05). Ruminal pH, temperature, and blood urea nitrogen were similar among treatments while ammonia nitrogen was increased in all supplemented groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, propionic acid (C3) was increased while acetic acid (C2), C2:C3 ratio, and estimated methane production were decreased by dietary treatments. Protozoa and fungi population were not affected by dietary supplement while viable bacteria count increased in steers receiving FMH. Supplementation of FMH and/or FMH+CH increased microbial crude protein and efficiency of microbial nitrogen supply. This study concluded FMH (150 g/head/day) and/or CH+FMH (75 and 75 g/head/day) supplementation could be used as a rumen enhancer for increasing nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation efficiency, and microbial protein synthesis while decreasing estimated methane production without adverse effect on voluntary feed intake of dairy steers fed rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burarat Phesatcha
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - Kampanat Phesatcha
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Thiwakorn Ampapon
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sungchhang Kang
- Agricultural Unit, Department of Education, National Institute of Education, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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13
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Piñeiro-Vázquez AT, Canul-Solis JR, Alayón-Gamboa JA, Chay-Canul AJ, Ayala-Burgos AJ, Solorio-Sánchez FJ, Aguilar-Pérez CF, Ku-Vera JC. Energy utilization, nitrogen balance and microbial protein supply in cattle fed Pennisetum purpureum and condensed tannins. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 101:159-169. [PMID: 26849400 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the experiment was to assess the effect of condensed tannins (CT) on feed intake, dry matter digestibility, nitrogen balance, supply of microbial protein to the small intestine and energy utilization in cattle fed a basal ration of Pennisetum purpureum grass. Five heifers (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) with an average live weight of 295 ± 19 kg were allotted to five treatments consisting of increasing levels of CT (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4% CT/kg DM) in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar (p > 0.05) between treatments containing 0, 1, 2 and 3% of CT/kg DM and it was reduced (p < 0.05) to 4% CT (5.71 kg DM/day) with respect to that observed with 0% CT (6.65 kg DM/day). Nitrogen balance, purine derivatives excretion in urine, microbial protein synthesis and efficiency of synthesis of microbial nitrogen in the rumen were not affected (p ≥ 0.05) by the increase in the levels of condensed tannins in the ration. Energy loss as CH4 was on average 2.7% of the gross energy consumed daily. Metabolizable energy intake was 49.06 MJ/day in cattle fed low-quality tropical grass with a DMI of 6.27 kg/day. It is concluded that concentrations of CT between 2 and 3% of DM of ration reduced energy loss as CH4 by 31.3% and 47.6%, respectively, without affecting intakes of dry and organic matter; however, digestibilities of dry and organic matter are negatively affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Piñeiro-Vázquez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - J R Canul-Solis
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | - A J Chay-Canul
- División Académica de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - A J Ayala-Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - F J Solorio-Sánchez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - C F Aguilar-Pérez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - J C Ku-Vera
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Mlambo V, Mapiye C. Towards household food and nutrition security in semi-arid areas: What role for condensed tannin-rich ruminant feedstuffs? Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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