1
|
Benito JM, Jiménez-Carretero D, Restrepo C, Ligos JM, Valentín-Quiroga J, Mahillo I, Cabello A, López-Collazo E, Sánchez-Cabo F, Górgolas M, Estrada V, Rallón N. T Cell Homeostasis Disturbances in a Cohort of Long-Term Elite Controllers of HIV Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5937. [PMID: 38892124 PMCID: PMC11172696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Elite controllers (ECs) are people living with HIV (PLWH) able to control HIV replication without antiretroviral therapy and have been proposed as a model of a functional HIV cure. Much evidence suggests that this spontaneous control of HIV has a cost in terms of T cell homeostasis alterations. We performed a deep phenotypic study to obtain insight into T cell homeostasis disturbances in ECs maintaining long-term virologic and immunologic control of HIV (long-term elite controllers; LTECs). Forty-seven PLWH were included: 22 LTECs, 15 non-controllers under successful antiretroviral therapy (onART), and 10 non-controllers not receiving ART (offART). Twenty uninfected participants (UCs) were included as a reference. T cell homeostasis was analyzed by spectral flow cytometry and data were analyzed using dimensionality reduction and clustering using R software v3.3.2. Dimensionality reduction and clustering yielded 57 and 54 different CD4 and CD8 T cell clusters, respectively. The offART group showed the highest perturbation of T cell homeostasis, with 18 CD4 clusters and 15 CD8 clusters significantly different from those of UCs. Most of these alterations were reverted in the onART group. Interestingly, LTECs presented several disturbances of T cell homeostasis with 15 CD4 clusters and 13 CD8 clusters different from UC. Moreover, there was a specific profile of T cell homeostasis alterations associated with LTECs, characterized by increases in clusters of naïve T cells, increases in clusters of non-senescent effector CD8 cells, and increases in clusters of central memory CD4 cells. These results demonstrate that, compared to ART-mediated control of HIV, the spontaneous control of HIV is associated with several disturbances in CD4 and CD8 T cell homeostasis. These alterations could be related to the existence of a potent and efficient virus-specific T cell response, and to the ability to halt disease progression by maintaining an adequate pool of CD4 T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M. Benito
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (N.R.)
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | - Daniel Jiménez-Carretero
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.J.-C.); (F.S.-C.)
| | - Clara Restrepo
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (N.R.)
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Valentín-Quiroga
- Grupo de Respuesta Inmune Innata, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.-Q.); (E.L.-C.)
| | - Ignacio Mahillo
- Department of Statistics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alfonso Cabello
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- Grupo de Respuesta Inmune Innata, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (J.V.-Q.); (E.L.-C.)
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (D.J.-C.); (F.S.-C.)
| | - Miguel Górgolas
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Vicente Estrada
- Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Norma Rallón
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.R.); (N.R.)
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Armas LR, Dinh V, Iyer A, Pallikkuth S, Pahwa R, Cotugno N, Rinaldi S, Palma P, Vaz P, Lain MG, Pahwa S. Accelerated CD8 + T cell maturation in infants with perinatal HIV infection. iScience 2024; 27:109720. [PMID: 38706858 PMCID: PMC11068557 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In perinatal HIV infection, early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is recommended but questions remain regarding infant immune responses to HIV and its impact on immune development. Using single cell transcriptional and phenotypic analysis we evaluated the T cell compartment at pre-ART initiation of infants with perinatally acquired HIV from Maputo, Mozambique (Towards AIDS Remission Approaches cohort). CD8+ T cell maturation subsets exhibited altered distribution in HIV exposed infected (HEI) infants relative to HIV exposed uninfected infants with reduced naive, increased effectors, higher frequencies of activated T cells, and lower frequencies of cells with markers of self-renewal. Additionally, a cluster of CD8+ T cells identified in HEI displayed gene profiles consistent with cytotoxic T lymphocytes and showed evidence for hyper expansion. Longitudinal phenotypic analysis revealed accelerated maturation of CD8+ T cells was maintained in HEI despite viral control. The results point to an HIV-directed immune response that is likely to influence reservoir establishment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley R. de Armas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vinh Dinh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Akshay Iyer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Suresh Pallikkuth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rajendra Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Rinaldi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paolo Palma
- Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Chair of Pediatrics, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paula Vaz
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene, Maputo Province, Mozambique
| | | | - Savita Pahwa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schreurs RRCE, Koulis A, Booiman T, Boeser-Nunnink B, Cloherty APM, Rader AG, Patel KS, Kootstra NA, Ribeiro CMS. Autophagy-enhancing ATG16L1 polymorphism is associated with improved clinical outcome and T-cell immunity in chronic HIV-1 infection. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2465. [PMID: 38548722 PMCID: PMC10979031 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic HIV-1 infection is characterized by T-cell dysregulation that is partly restored by antiretroviral therapy. Autophagy is a critical regulator of T-cell function. Here, we demonstrate a protective role for autophagy in HIV-1 disease pathogenesis. Targeted analysis of genetic variation in core autophagy gene ATG16L1 reveals the previously unidentified rs6861 polymorphism, which correlates functionally with enhanced autophagy and clinically with improved survival of untreated HIV-1-infected individuals. T-cells carrying ATG16L1 rs6861(TT) genotype display improved antiviral immunity, evidenced by increased proliferation, revamped immune responsiveness, and suppressed exhaustion/immunosenescence features. In-depth flow-cytometric and transcriptional profiling reveal T-helper-cell-signatures unique to rs6861(TT) individuals with enriched regulation of pro-inflammatory networks and skewing towards immunoregulatory phenotype. Therapeutic enhancement of autophagy recapitulates the rs6861(TT)-associated T-cell traits in non-carriers. These data underscore the in vivo relevance of autophagy for longer-lasting T-cell-mediated HIV-1 control, with implications towards development of host-directed antivirals targeting autophagy to restore immune function in chronic HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renée R C E Schreurs
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Koulis
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Booiman
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brigitte Boeser-Nunnink
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra P M Cloherty
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anusca G Rader
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kharishma S Patel
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla M S Ribeiro
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam institute for Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ya X, Li H, Ge P, Xu Y, Liu Z, Zheng Z, Mou S, Liu C, Zhang Y, Wang R, Zhang Q, Ye X, Wang W, Zhang D, Zhao J. Single-Cell Atlas of Atherosclerosis Patients by Cytof: Circulatory and Local Immune Disorders. Aging Dis 2024; 15:245-258. [PMID: 37307820 PMCID: PMC10796097 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0426-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a common underlying pathology of coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and stroke. The characteristics of immune cells within plaques and their functional relationships with blood are crucial in AS. In this study, Mass cytometry (CyTOF), RNA-sequencing and immunofluorescence were combined to comprehensively analyze plaque tissues and peripheral blood from 25 AS patients (22 for Mass cytometry and 3 for RNA-sequencing), as well as blood from 20 healthy individuals. The study identified a complexity of leukocytes in the plaque, including both defined anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory subsets such as M2-like CD163+ macrophages, Natural killer T cells (NKT), CD11b+ CD4+ T effector memory cells (Tem), and CD8+ terminally differentiated effector memory cells (TEMRA). Functionally activated cell subsets were also found in peripheral blood in AS patients, highlighting the vivid interactions between leukocytes in plaque and blood. The study provides an atlas of the immune landscape in atherosclerotic patients, where pro-inflammatory activation was found to be a major feature of peripheral blood. The study identified NKT, CD11b+ CD4+ Tem, CD8+ TEMRA and CD163+ macrophages as key players in the local immune environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Ya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Peicong Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Yiqiao Xu
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zechen Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
| | - Zhiyao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Siqi Mou
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chenglong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Xun Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ge P, Li H, Ya X, Xu Y, Ma L, He Q, Wang R, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhang D, Zhao J. Single-cell atlas reveals different immune environments between stable and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1085468. [PMID: 36741406 PMCID: PMC9889979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1085468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Regardless of the degree of stenosis, vulnerable plaque is an important cause of ischemic stroke and thrombotic complications. The changes of the immune microenvironment within plaques seem to be an important factor affecting the characteristics of the plaque. However, the differences of immune microenvironment between stable and vulnerable plaques were remained unknown. Methods In this study, RNA-sequencing was performed on superficial temporal arteries from 5 traumatic patients and plaques from 3 atherosclerotic patients to preliminary identify the key immune response processes in plaques. Mass cytometry (CyTOF) technology was used to explore differences in immune composition between 9 vulnerable plaques and 12 stable plaques. Finally, immunofluorescence technique was used to validate our findings in the previous analysis. Results Our results showed that more CD86+CD68+ M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages were found in vulnerable plaques, while CD4+T memory cells were mainly found in stable plaques. In addition, a CD11c+ subset of CD4+T cells with higher IFN-r secretion was found within the vulnerable plaque. In two subsets of B cells, CD19+CD20-B cells in vulnerable plaques secreted more TNF-a and IL-6, while CD19-CD20+B cells expressed more PD-1 molecules. Conclusion In conclusion, our study suggested that M1-like macrophages are the major cell subset affecting plaque stability, while functional B cells may also contribute to plaque stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peicong Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Ya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqiao Xu
- Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Long Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiheng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zechen Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Wenjing Wang, ; Dong Zhang, ; Jizong Zhao,
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Wenjing Wang, ; Dong Zhang, ; Jizong Zhao,
| | - Jizong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Wenjing Wang, ; Dong Zhang, ; Jizong Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He H, Qiao B, Guo S, Cui H, Zhang Z, Qin J. Interleukin-7 regulates CD127 expression and promotes CD8 + T cell activity in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma. BMC Immunol 2022; 23:35. [PMID: 35850640 PMCID: PMC9295418 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-022-00509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)-7 signaling through CD127 is impaired in lymphocytes in cancers and chronic infections, resulting in CD8+ T cell exhaustion. The mechanisms underlying CD8+ T cell responses to IL-7 in melanoma remain not completely elucidated. We previously showed reduced IL-7 level in melanoma patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IL-7 regulation on CD127 expression and CD8+ T cell responses in melanoma. Methods Healthy controls and primary cutaneous melanoma patients were enrolled. Membrane-bound CD127 (mCD127) expression on CD8+ T cells was determined by flow cytometry. Soluble CD127 (sCD127) protein level was measured by ELISA. Total CD127 and sCD127 mRNA level was measured by real-time PCR. CD8+ T cells were stimulated with recombinant human IL-7, along with signaling pathway inhibitors. CD8+ T cells were co-cultured with melanoma cell line, and the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells was assessed by measurement of lactate dehydrogenase expression. Results Plasma sCD127 was lower in melanoma patients compared with controls. The percentage of CD8+ T cells expressing mCD127 was higher, while sCD127 mRNA level was lower in peripheral and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells from melanoma patients. There was no significant difference of total CD127 mRNA expression in CD8+ T cells between groups. IL-7 stimulation enhanced total CD127 and sCD127 mRNA expression and sCD127 release by CD8+ T cells. However, mCD127 mRNA expression on CD8+ T cells was not affected. This process was mainly mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. CD8+ T cells from melanoma patients exhibited decreased cytotoxicity. IL-7 stimulation promoted CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity, while inhibition of PI3K dampened IL-7-induced elevation of CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity. Conclusion The current data suggested that insufficient IL-7 secretion might contribute to CD8+ T cell exhaustion and CD127 dysregulation in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 South Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China.
| | - Binjun Qiao
- Department of Emergency, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuping Guo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 South Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongzhou Cui
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 South Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Ziyan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, 85 South Jiefang Road, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| | - Junxia Qin
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu B, Chen X, Shen W, Ding Y, Lin H, He N. Association between inflammation and coagulation biomarkers and carotid atherosclerosis among treated people with HIV. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac208. [PMID: 35794947 PMCID: PMC9253881 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common cause of morbidity among people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) who initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART). Little is known about the roles of inflammation in atherosclerotic CVD among PWH. Methods This cross-sectional evaluation included 178 PWH between 40 and 70 years on stable (>3 months) ART who were derived from the ongoing, prospective cohort for Comparative HIV and Aging Research in Taizhou (CHART), China, from February 2017 to August 2018. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) ≥1 mm was considered as cIMT thickening indicative of atherosclerotic CVD. Plasma inflammation and coagulation biomarkers were quantified by a multiplex bead cytokine assay for 27 cytokines and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for soluble CD14 and D-dimer, respectively. We performed a series of multiparametric analyses of biomarkers and developed a composite score for atherosclerotic CVD assessment among PWH. Results Of 178 PWH, 53 (30.9%) had cIMT thickening. In multivariable logistic analysis adjusting for CVD and human immunodeficiency virus-specific risk factors, interleukin (IL)-4 (odds ratio [OR] = 19.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6–226.5), IL-7 (OR = 16.7; 95% CI, 1.8–151.7), IL-10 (OR = 11.9; 95% CI, 2.0–72.1), and D-dimer (OR = 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0–10.1) were significantly associated with cIMT thickening. We also developed a composite score incorporating markers (IL-7, IL-10, D-dimer, and hypertension) that accurately evaluated atherosclerotic CVD. Conclusions The associations of IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, and D-dimer with atherosclerosis underscores research needs to further understand the inflammatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis CVD among treated PWH. The composite score for atherosclerotic CVD assessment could be useful for risk stratification in PWH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiwei Shen
- Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingying Ding
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haijiang Lin
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Taizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Na He
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Naïve/Effector CD4 T cell ratio as a useful predictive marker of immune reconstitution in late presenter HIV patients: A multicenter study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225415. [PMID: 31869342 PMCID: PMC6927630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of HIV-infected patients experiencing a late diagnosis highlights the need to define immunological protocols able to help the clinicians in identifying patients at higher risk for immunological failure. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of easy cytometric tests in defining the effect of antiretroviral treatment (cART) on immunological homeostasis and in identifying predictive markers of early immune recovery. Chronic HIV infected patients (n = 202) were enrolled in a prospective multicentric study, and their immunological profile was studied before (w0) and after 24 weeks (w24) of antiretroviral treatment (cART) using a standardized flow cytometric panel. Based on CD4 T cell count before treatment, patients were divided in late (LP: CD4 <350/mmc), intermediate (IP: 350/mmc<CD4<500/mmc) and early (EP: CD4 >500/mmc) presenters. In all groups, cART introduction increased CD4 and CD4/CD8 T cell ratio, naïve T cell (CD4 and CD8) and CD127-expressing CD4 T cells. In parallel, cART significantly reduced effector memory T cells (CD4 and CD8) and T cell activation (CD38+CD8 and CD95+CD4 T cells). Moreover, the frequency of Naïve and Effector CD4 T cells before treatment correlated with several immune parameters key associated with the pathogenesis of HIV, thus mirroring the health of immune system. Interestingly, we identified the Naïve/Effector CD4 T cell ratio (N/EM) at w0 as a marker able to predict early immune recovery. Specifically, in LP, N/EM ratio was significantly higher in immunological responder patients (CD4>500/mmc at w24) when compared to immunological non responder (CD4 T cells <500/mmc at w24). Finally, a multivariate analysis indicates that after 24w patients with N/EM ratio higher than 1.86 at w0 recovered 96 CD4 T cells more than those with N/EM ratio lower than 0.46. Altogether, our data define an easy protocol able to define reliable immunological markers useful for the characterization of immune profile in viremic HIV patients and identify the naïve/effector CD4 T cell ratio as a new tool able to predict an early immune reconstitution potential.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cryptococcosis-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Is Associated With Dysregulation of IL-7/IL-7 Receptor Signaling Pathway in T Cells and Monocyte Activation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2019; 80:596-604. [PMID: 30649031 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000001946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic levels of interleukin (IL)-7 at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation have previously been shown to be predictive of HIV-linked paradoxical cryptococcosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (C-IRIS). We therefore explored IL-7/IL-7 receptor (IL-7/IL-7R) signaling pathway dysfunction, with related alterations in immune function, as a mechanism underlying C-IRIS. METHOD HIV-infected patients with cryptococcal meningitis who experienced C-IRIS (n = 27) were compared with CD4 T-cell count-matched counterparts without C-IRIS (n = 27), after antifungal therapy and pre-ART initiation. Flow cytometry was used to assess T-cell and monocyte phenotypes and functions. RESULTS Proportions of IL-7R+ CD4 or CD8 T cells correlated positively with CD4 T-cell counts and proportions of central memory and naive CD4 and CD8 T-cell pre-ART (all r > 0.50 and P < 0.05); however, the former negatively correlated with CD4 T-cell counts fold-increase on ART in non-C-IRIS but not C-IRIS patients. Higher frequencies of activated monocytes (CD14CD86 or CD14+HLA-DR+; P ≤ 0.038) were also observed in C-IRIS compared with non-C-IRIS patients, and those who failed to clear cryptococci from cerebrospinal fluid before ART had higher levels of activated monocytes (CD14+HLA-DR+, P = 0.017) compared with those who cleared. In multivariate regression, CD14+HLA-DR+ monocytes were independently associated with C-IRIS [hazard ratio = 1.055 (1.013-1.098); P = 0.009]. CONCLUSION In contrast to non-C-IRIS patients, C-IRIS patients displayed a lack of association between proportions of IL-7R+ T cells and several markers of T-cell homeostasis. They also exhibited higher monocyte activation linked to cerebrospinal fluid cryptococcal culture positivity before ART. These data suggest a role for IL-7/IL-7R signaling pathway dysregulation in the pathogenesis of C-IRIS, possibly linked to monocyte activation and residual pathogen burden before ART.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang CY, Wong WW, Tsai HC, Chen YH, Kuo BS, Lynn S, Blazkova J, Clarridge KE, Su HW, Lin CY, Tseng FC, Lai A, Yang FH, Lin CH, Tseng W, Lin HY, Finstad CL, Wong-Staal F, Hanson CV, Chun TW, Liao MJ. Effect of Anti-CD4 Antibody UB-421 on HIV-1 Rebound after Treatment Interruption. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:1535-1545. [PMID: 30995373 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1802264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administration of a single broadly neutralizing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific antibody to HIV-infected persons leads to the development of antibody-resistant virus in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is possible that monotherapy with UB-421, an antibody that blocks the virus-binding site on human CD4+ T cells, could induce sustained virologic suppression without induction of resistance in HIV-infected persons after analytic treatment interruption. METHODS We conducted a nonrandomized, open-label, phase 2 clinical study evaluating the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral activity of UB-421 monotherapy in HIV-infected persons undergoing analytic treatment interruption. All the participants had undetectable plasma viremia (<20 copies of HIV RNA per milliliter) at the screening visit. After discontinuation of ART, participants received eight intravenous infusions of UB-421, at a dose of either 10 mg per kilogram of body weight every week (Cohort 1) or 25 mg per kilogram every 2 weeks (Cohort 2). The primary outcome was the time to viral rebound (≥400 copies per milliliter). RESULTS A total of 29 participants were enrolled, 14 in Cohort 1 and 15 in Cohort 2. Administration of UB-421 maintained virologic suppression (<20 copies per milliliter) in all the participants (94.5% of measurements at study visits 2 through 9) during analytic treatment interruption, with intermittent viral blips (range, 21 to 142 copies per milliliter) observed in 8 participants (28%). No study participants had plasma viral rebound to more than 400 copies per milliliter. CD4+ T-cell counts remained stable throughout the duration of the study. Rash, mostly of grade 1, was a common and transient adverse event; one participant discontinued the study drug owing to a rash. A decrease in the population of CD4+ regulatory T cells was observed during UB-421 monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS UB-421 maintained virologic suppression (during the 8 to 16 weeks of study) in participants in the absence of ART. One participant discontinued therapy owing to a rash. (Funded by United Biomedical and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02369146.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yi Wang
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Wing-Wai Wong
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Hung-Chin Tsai
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Be-Sheng Kuo
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Shugene Lynn
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Jana Blazkova
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Katherine E Clarridge
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Hsiao-Wen Su
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Chia-Ying Lin
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Fan-Chen Tseng
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Annie Lai
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Fu-Hung Yang
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Chen-Han Lin
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - William Tseng
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Hsiao-Yi Lin
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Connie L Finstad
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Flossie Wong-Staal
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Carl V Hanson
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| | - Mei-June Liao
- From United Biomedical, Hauppauge, NY (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., C.L.F., F.W.-S.); United Biomedical Asia (C.-Y.W., S.L.) and United BioPharma (C.-Y.W., B.-S.K., H.-W.S., C.-Y.L., F.-C.T., A.L., F.-H.Y., C.-H.L., W.T., M.-J.L.), Hsinchu, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei (W.-W.W., H.-Y.L.), and Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (H.-C.T.) and Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (Y.-H.C.), Kaohsiung - all in Taiwan; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.B., K.E.C., T.-W.C.); and the California Department of Public Health, Richmond (C.V.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brill L, Lavon I, Vaknin-Dembinsky A. Reduced expression of the IL7Ra signaling pathway in Neuromyelitis optica. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 324:81-89. [PMID: 30248528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that most commonly affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. To characterize the immunological pathways involved in NMO, whole blood RNA expression array was performed using Nanostring nCounter technology. Two major clusters of genes were found associated with NMO: T cell-associated genes and the TNF/NF-kB signaling pathway. Analysis of the genes within the first cluster confirmed significantly reduced expression of IL7Ra (CD127) in the peripheral blood of NMO patients vs that in healthy controls. IL7Ra upstream transcription factors and its downstream survival signaling pathway were also markedly reduced. In line with the essential role of IL7Ra in T cell maturation and survival, a significantly lower number of naïve T cells, and reduced T cell survival signaling mediated by increased BID (BH3-interacting domain death agonist) expression and increased apoptosis was observed. Cumulatively, these findings indicate that the IL7Ra signaling pathway may play a role in the autoimmune process in NMO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livnat Brill
- Department of Neurology, the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah- Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Israel
| | - Iris Lavon
- Department of Neurology, the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah- Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Israel; Leslie and Michael Center for Neuro-oncology, Hadassah-Medical Center, Israel
| | - Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky
- Department of Neurology, the Agnes-Ginges Center for Neurogenetics, Hadassah- Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, The Faculty of Medicine, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sun H, Geng W, Cui H, Liang G, Fu Y, Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Ding H, Xu J, Shang H. Alteration of CCR6 +CD95 +CD4 + naïve T cells in HIV-1 infected patients: Implication for clinical practice. Cell Immunol 2018; 327:47-53. [PMID: 29454646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The profound deficiency of Th17 cells contributes to HIV disease progression. The mechanisms of their perturbation remain unclear. Recently, CCR6+CD95+CD4+ naïve T cells (CCR6+CD95+CD4+ TNA), identified as pre-committed Th17 precursors, were recognized as a subpopulation of CD4+ T cells with stem cell properties. Following phenotypical identification, we evaluated their level in patients during chronic HIV infection and following antiretroviral therapy (ART) using flow cytometry. The levels of CCR6+CD95+CD4+ TNA were decreased during chronic HIV infection and correlated with CD4+ T cell counts. Immunological responders harbored higher frequency of CCR6+CD95+CD4+ TNA, which was associated with CD4/CD8 T cell ratio. Immunological non-responders with lower frequency of CCR6+CD95+CD4+ TNA failed to exhibit a correlation between CCR6+CD95+CD4+ TNA and CCR6+CD95+CD4+ TCM, and displayed elevated ratio of CCR6+CD95+CD4+ TCM/TNA. The number of CCR6+CD95+CD4+ TNA was increased following early ART. These findings shed light on the importance of targeting pre-committed Th17 precursors that enhance immune reconstitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wenqing Geng
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hualu Cui
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Guoxin Liang
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yajing Fu
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zining Zhang
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Haibo Ding
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Hong Shang
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, 79 Qingchun Street, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gonzalez-Serna A, Ferrando-Martinez S, Tarancon-Diez L, De Pablo-Bernal RS, Dominguez-Molina B, Jiménez JL, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ, Leal M, Ruiz-Mateos E. Increased CD127+ and decreased CD57+ T cell expression levels in HIV-infected patients on NRTI-sparing regimens. J Transl Med 2017; 15:259. [PMID: 29262860 PMCID: PMC5738860 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NRTIs-sparing regimens exert favourable profiles on T-cell homeostasis associated parameters. Our aim was to analyze the effect of NRTIs sparing regimen (NRTI-sparing-cART) vs NRTIs-containing regimen (NRTI-cART), on T-cell homeostasis associated parameters in naive HIV-infected patients. METHODS Biomarkers of cell survival (CD127) and replicative senescence (CD57), were measured by multiparametric flow cytometry for T-cell phenotyping on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) samples just before (baseline) and after 48 weeks of undetectable viral load in patients on NRTI-sparing-cART (N = 13) and NRTI-cART (N = 14). After 48 weeks a subgroup of patients (n = 5) on NRTI-cART switched to NRTI-sparing-cART for another additional 48 weeks. In vitro assays were performed on PBMCs from HIV-uninfected healthy donors exposed or not to HIV. To analyze the independent factors associated with type of cART bivariate and stepwise multivariate analysis were performed after adjusting for basal CD4+, CD8+ and nadir CD4+ T-cell counts. RESULTS After 48 weeks of a NRTI-sparing-cART vs NRTI-cART patients have higher effector memory (EM) CD4+ CD127+ T-cell levels, lower EM CD4+ CD57+ T-cell levels, higher CD8+ CD127+ T-cell levels, lower CD8+ CD57+ T-cell levels and higher memory CD8+ T-cell levels. This effect was confirmed in the subgroup of patients who switched to NRTI-sparing-cART. In vitro assays confirmed that the deleterious effect of a NRTIs-containing regimen was due to NRTIs. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of NRTI-sparing regimens, with a favourable profile in CD127 and CD57 T-cell expression, could benefit cART-patients. These results could have potential implications in a decrease in the number of Non-AIDS events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Gonzalez-Serna
- Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañon, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain. .,Viral and Immune Infection Unit Center, Institute of Health Carlos III, Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Majadahonda Campus, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Ferrando-Martinez
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, C/Avenida Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - L Tarancon-Diez
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, C/Avenida Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - R S De Pablo-Bernal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, C/Avenida Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - B Dominguez-Molina
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, C/Avenida Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - J L Jiménez
- Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañon, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.,Viral and Immune Infection Unit Center, Institute of Health Carlos III, Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Majadahonda Campus, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Á Muñoz-Fernández
- Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañon, Spanish HIV HGM BioBank, Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, C/Dr. Esquerdo 46, 28007, Madrid, Spain.,Viral and Immune Infection Unit Center, Institute of Health Carlos III, Molecular Immunobiology Laboratory, General Universitary Hospital Gregorio Marañon, Majadahonda Campus, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Leal
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, C/Avenida Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - E Ruiz-Mateos
- Laboratory of Immunovirology, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, C/Avenida Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Seville, Spain. .,Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Universidad de Sevilla, Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aberrant plasma IL-7 and soluble IL-7 receptor levels indicate impaired T-cell response to IL-7 in human tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006425. [PMID: 28582466 PMCID: PMC5472333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell proliferation and generation of protective memory during chronic infections depend on Interleukin-7 (IL-7) availability and receptivity. Regulation of IL-7 receptor (IL-7R) expression and signalling are key for IL-7-modulated T-cell functions. Aberrant expression of soluble (s) and membrane-associated (m) IL-7R molecules is associated with development of autoimmunity and immune failure in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. Here we investigated the role of IL-7/IL-7R on T-cell immunity in human tuberculosis. We performed two independent case-control studies comparing tuberculosis patients and healthy contacts. This was combined with follow-up examinations for a subgroup of tuberculosis patients under therapy and recovery. Blood plasma and T cells were characterised for IL-7/sIL-7R and mIL-7R expression, respectively. IL-7-dependent T-cell functions were determined by analysing STAT5 phosphorylation, antigen-specific cytokine release and by analysing markers of T-cell exhaustion and inflammation. Tuberculosis patients had lower soluble IL-7R (p < 0.001) and higher IL-7 (p < 0.001) plasma concentrations as compared to healthy contacts. Both markers were largely independent and aberrant expression normalised during therapy and recovery. Furthermore, tuberculosis patients had lower levels of mIL-7R in T cells caused by post-transcriptional mechanisms. Functional in vitro tests indicated diminished IL-7-induced STAT5 phosphorylation and impaired IL-7-promoted cytokine release of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells from tuberculosis patients. Finally, we determined T-cell exhaustion markers PD-1 and SOCS3 and detected increased SOCS3 expression during therapy. Only moderate correlation of PD-1 and SOCS3 with IL-7 expression was observed. We conclude that diminished soluble IL-7R and increased IL-7 plasma concentrations, as well as decreased membrane-associated IL-7R expression in T cells, reflect impaired T-cell sensitivity to IL-7 in tuberculosis patients. These findings show similarities to pathognomonic features of impaired T-cell functions and immune failure described in AIDS patients. IL-7 is important for the development and homeostasis of T cells and promotes antigen-specific T-cell responses. Aberrant expression of plasma IL-7 and soluble IL-7R are found in autoimmune diseases and chronic viral infections. In AIDS patients—especially those who fail to reconstitute T-cell numbers during therapy—impaired IL-7-promoted T-cell functions indicated T-cell exhaustion/senescence. In order to evaluate the potential impact of IL-7 on tuberculosis, we characterised various parameters involved in the IL-7-response of tuberculosis patients and healthy contacts. Despite IL-7 being available at higher plasma levels among tuberculosis patients, the T-cell response to IL-7 was impaired when compared to healthy contacts. Soluble IL-7R levels were aberrantly low in plasma during acute tuberculosis but did not account for impaired IL-7 usage. Chronic inflammation in tuberculosis patients—reflected by increased IL-6 plasma levels—did not account for dysfunctional T-cell responses and analysed T-cell exhaustion markers were only moderately correlated. Our findings demonstrate that availability of IL-7 alone is not sufficient to promote protective T-cell immunity against tuberculosis. We describe aberrant IL-7/soluble IL-7R expression and impaired IL-7-mediated T-cell functions in tuberculosis patients with similarities and differences to described IL-7 dysregulation seen in patients with AIDS.
Collapse
|
15
|
Interleukin-7 and Immunosenescence. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:4807853. [PMID: 28484723 PMCID: PMC5397725 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4807853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The age of an individual is an important, independent risk factor for many of the most common diseases afflicting modern societies. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) plays a central, critical role in the homeostasis of the immune system. Recent studies support a critical role for IL-7 in the maintenance of a vigorous healthspan. We describe the role of IL-7 and its receptor in immunosenescence, the aging of the immune system. An understanding of the role that IL-7 plays in aging may permit parsimonious preventative or therapeutic solutions for diverse conditions. Perhaps IL-7 might be used to "tune" the immune system to optimize human healthspan and longevity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Charles TP, Shellito JE. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Host Defense in the Lungs. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37:147-56. [PMID: 26974294 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1572553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunosuppression associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection impacts all components of host defense against pulmonary infection. Cells within the lung have altered immune function and are important reservoirs for HIV infection. The host immune response to infected lung cells further compromises responses to a secondary pathogenic insult. In the upper respiratory tract, mucociliary function is impaired and there are decreased levels of salivary immunoglobulin A. Host defenses in the lower respiratory tract are controlled by alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. As HIV infection progresses, lung CD4 T cells are reduced in number causing a lack of activation signals from CD4 T cells and impaired defense by macrophages. CD8 T cells, on the other hand, are increased in number and cause lymphocytic alveolitis. Specific antibody responses by B-lymphocytes are decreased and opsonization of microorganisms is impaired. These observed defects in host defense of the respiratory tract explain the susceptibility of HIV-infected persons for oropharyngeal candidiasis, bacterial pneumonia, Pneumocystis pneumonia, and other opportunistic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tysheena P Charles
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Judd E Shellito
- Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care & Allergy/Immunology, Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zlamy M, Almanzar G, Parson W, Schmidt C, Leierer J, Weinberger B, Jeller V, Unsinn K, Eyrich M, Würzner R, Prelog M. Efforts of the human immune system to maintain the peripheral CD8+ T cell compartment after childhood thymectomy. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2016; 13:3. [PMID: 26839574 PMCID: PMC4736487 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-016-0058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Homeostatic mechanisms to maintain the T cell compartment diversity indicate an ongoing process of thymic activity and peripheral T cell renewal during human life. These processes are expected to be accelerated after childhood thymectomy and by the influence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) inducing a prematurely aged immune system. The study aimed to investigate proportional changes and replicative history of CD8+ T cells, of recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) and CD103+ T cells (mostly gut-experienced) and the role of Interleukin-(IL)-7 and IL-7 receptor (CD127)-expressing T cells in thymectomized patients compared to young and old healthy controls. Results Decreased proportions of naive and CD31 + CD8+ T cells were demonstrated after thymectomy, with higher proliferative activity of CD127-expressing T cells and significantly shorter relative telomere lengths (RTLs) and lower T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). Increased circulating CD103+ T cells and a skewed T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire were found after thymectomy similar to elderly persons. Naive T cells were influenced by age at thymectomy and further decreased by CMV. Conclusions After childhood thymectomy, the immune system demonstrated constant efforts of the peripheral CD8+ T cell compartment to maintain homeostasis. Supposedly it tries to fill the void of RTEs by peripheral T cell proliferation, by at least partly IL-7-mediated mechanisms and by proportional increase of circulating CD103+ T cells, reminiscent of immune aging in elderly. Although other findings were less significant compared to healthy elderly, early thymectomy demonstrated immunological alterations of CD8+ T cells which mimic features of premature immunosenescence in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Zlamy
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giovanni Almanzar
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria ; Penn State Eberly College of Science, University Park, PA USA
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johannes Leierer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Weinberger
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Jeller
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karin Unsinn
- Department of Radiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Eyrich
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Würzner
- Department of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martina Prelog
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Passtoors WM, van den Akker EB, Deelen J, Maier AB, van der Breggen R, Jansen R, Trompet S, van Heemst D, Derhovanessian E, Pawelec G, van Ommen GJB, Slagboom PE, Beekman M. IL7R gene expression network associates with human healthy ageing. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2015; 12:21. [PMID: 26566388 PMCID: PMC4642670 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-015-0048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background The level of expression of the interleukin 7 receptor (IL7R) gene in blood has recently been found to be associated with familial longevity and healthy ageing. IL7R is crucial for T cell development and important for immune competence. To further investigate the IL7R pathway in ageing, we identified the closest interacting genes to construct an IL7R gene network that consisted of IL7R and six interacting genes: IL2RG, IL7, TSLP, CRLF2, JAK1 and JAK3. This network was explored for association with chronological age, familial longevity and immune-related diseases (type 2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and rheumatoid arthritis) in 87 nonagenarians, 337 of their middle-aged offspring and 321 middle-aged controls from the Leiden Longevity Study (LLS). Results We observed that expression levels within the IL7R gene network were significantly different between the nonagenarians and middle-aged controls (P = 4.6 × 10−4), being driven by significantly lower levels of expression in the elderly of IL7, IL2RG and IL7R. After adjustment for multiple testing and white blood cell composition and in comparison with similarly aged controls, middle-aged offspring of nonagenarian siblings exhibit a lower expression level of IL7R only (P = 0.006). Higher IL7R gene expression in the combined group of middle-aged offspring and controls is associated with a higher prevalence of immune-related disease (P = 0.001). On the one hand, our results indicate that lower IL7R expression levels, as exhibited by the members of long-lived families that can be considered as ‘healthy agers’, are beneficial in middle age. This is augmented by the observation that higher IL7R gene expression associates with immune-related disease. On the other hand, IL7R gene expression in blood is lower in older individuals, indicating that low IL7R gene expression might associate with reduced health. Interestingly, this contradictory result is supported by the observation that a higher IL7R gene expression level is associated with better prospective survival, both in the nonagenarians (Hazard ratio (HR) = 0.63, P = 0.037) and the middle-aged individuals (HR = 0.33, P = 1.9 × 10–4). Conclusions Overall, we conclude that the IL7R network reflected by gene expression levels in blood may be involved in the rate of ageing and health status of elderly individuals. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12979-015-0048-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Willemijn M Passtoors
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Zone S5-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik B van den Akker
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Zone S5-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands ; The Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Zone S5-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands ; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea B Maier
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruud van der Breggen
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Zone S5-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands ; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Graham Pawelec
- Center for Medical Research, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gert-Jan B van Ommen
- Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands ; The Netherlands Center for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Zone S5-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands ; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marian Beekman
- Section of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Zone S5-P, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands ; Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Faller EM, Ghazawi FM, Cavar M, MacPherson PA. IL-7 induces clathrin-mediated endocytosis of CD127 and subsequent degradation by the proteasome in primary human CD8 T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2015; 94:196-207. [PMID: 26272555 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2015.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7), a key immunoregulatory cytokine, plays an essential role in peripheral T-cell homeostasis and function. Signaling via the IL-7 receptor is tightly regulated and we and others have shown IL-7 provides negative feedback on its own signaling by downregulating expression of the IL-7 receptor alpha-chain (CD127) through both suppression of CD127 gene transcription and by internalization of existing CD127 proteins from the cell membrane. We show here for the first time in primary human CD8 T cells that upon stimulation with IL-7, CD127 is internalized through clathrin-coated pits, a process dependent on both lipid-raft formation and the activity of dynamin. As visualized by confocal microscopy, CD127 shows increased co-localization with clathrin within 5 min of IL-7 stimulation and within 15-30 min is seen in multiple intracellular punctae co-localizing with the early endosomal marker EEA1. By 2 h after addition of IL-7, CD127 staining associates with the late endosomal marker RAB7 and with the proteasomal 20S subunit. By inducing receptor internalization and translocation from early endosomes to the proteasome, IL-7 directly influences its receptor density on the cell surface and thus regulates the intensity of its own signaling cascades. Given the important role IL-7 plays in T-cell development, homeostasis and function, deciphering how expression of its receptor is controlled on the cell surface is essential in understanding how T-cell activity can be regulated in different microenvironments and in response to different pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Feras M Ghazawi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marko Cavar
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul A MacPherson
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital General Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shankar EM, Velu V, Kamarulzaman A, Larsson M. Mechanistic insights on immunosenescence and chronic immune activation in HIV-tuberculosis co-infection. World J Virol 2015; 4:17-24. [PMID: 25674514 PMCID: PMC4308524 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v4.i1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunosenescence is marked by accelerated degradation of host immune responses leading to the onset of opportunistic infections, where senescent T cells show remarkably higher ontogenic defects as compared to healthy T cells. The mechanistic association between T-cell immunosenescence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression, and functional T-cell responses in HIV-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) co-infection remains to be elaborately discussed. Here, we discussed the association of immunosenescence and chronic immune activation in HIV-TB co-infection and reviewed the role played by mediators of immune deterioration in HIV-TB co-infection necessitating the importance of designing therapeutic strategies against HIV disease progression and pathogenesis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Elevated plasmatic level of soluble IL-7 receptor is associated with increased mortality in septic shock patients. Intensive Care Med 2014; 40:1089-96. [PMID: 24962718 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-014-3346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adjunctive immunoadjuvant therapies are now proposed in the treatment of septic patients that develop immune dysfunctions. However, a prerequisite is to identify patients at high risk of death that would benefit from such therapy. Knowing that rhIL-7 is a putative candidate for septic shock treatment, we evaluated the association between increased plasmatic level of soluble CD127 (sCD127, IL-7 receptor alpha chain) and mortality after septic shock. METHODS sCD127 plasmatic level was measured in 70 septic shock patients sampled at day 1-2 (D1) and day 3-4 (D3) after the onset of shock and 41 healthy volunteers. RESULTS Compared with survivors, non-survivors presented with significantly higher sCD127 concentrations at D1 and D3 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002). At D1, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for sCD127 level association with mortality was 0.846 (p < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival curves illustrated that mortality was significantly different after stratification based on D1 sCD127 level (log rank test, hazard ratio 9.10, p < 0.0001). This association was preserved in multivariate logistic regression analysis including clinical confounders (age, SAPS II and SOFA scores, odds ratio 12.71, p = 0.003). Importantly, patient stratification on both D1 sCD127 value and SAPS II score improved this predictive capacity (log rank test, p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Increased sCD127 plasmatic level enables the identification of a group of septic shock patients at high risk of death. After confirmation in a larger cohort, this biomarker may be of interest for patient stratification in future clinical trials.
Collapse
|
22
|
Day CL, Moshi ND, Abrahams DA, van Rooyen M, O'rie T, de Kock M, Hanekom WA. Patients with tuberculosis disease have Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8 T cells with a pro-apoptotic phenotype and impaired proliferative capacity, which is not restored following treatment. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94949. [PMID: 24740417 PMCID: PMC3989259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8 T cells play a critical role in control of chronic viral infections; however, the role of these cells in containing persistent bacterial infections, such as those caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is less clear. We assessed the phenotype and functional capacity of CD8 T cells specific for the immunodominant Mtb antigens CFP-10 and ESAT-6, in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease, before and after treatment, and in healthy persons with latent Mtb infection (LTBI). In patients with TB disease, CFP-10/ESAT-6-specific IFN-γ+ CD8 T cells had an activated, pro-apoptotic phenotype, with lower Bcl-2 and CD127 expression, and higher Ki67, CD57, and CD95 expression, than in LTBI. When CFP-10/ESAT-6-specific IFN-γ+ CD8 T cells were detectable, expression of distinct combinations of these markers was highly sensitive and specific for differentiating TB disease from LTBI. Successful treatment of disease resulted in changes of these markers, but not in restoration of CFP-10/ESAT-6-specific CD8 or CD4 memory T cell proliferative capacity. These data suggest that high mycobacterial load in active TB disease is associated with activated, short-lived CFP-10/ESAT-6-specific CD8 T cells with impaired functional capacity that is not restored following treatment. By contrast, LTBI is associated with preservation of long-lived CFP-10/ESAT-6-specific memory CD8 T cells that maintain high Bcl-2 expression and which may readily proliferate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L. Day
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Noella D. Moshi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Deborah A. Abrahams
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Michele van Rooyen
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Terrence O'rie
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Marwou de Kock
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Willem A. Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI) and School of Child and Adolescent Health, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Doncel GF, Anderson S, Zalenskaya I. Role of Semen in Modulating the Female Genital Tract Microenvironment – Implications for HIV Transmission. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 71:564-74. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F. Doncel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology CONRAD Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk VA USA
| | - Sharon Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology CONRAD Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk VA USA
| | - Irina Zalenskaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology CONRAD Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk VA USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Interleukin-7 signalling defects in naive CD4+ T cells of HIV patients with CD4+ T-cell deficiency on antiretroviral therapy are associated with T-cell activation and senescence. AIDS 2014; 28:821-30. [PMID: 24499954 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship of defects in interleukin (IL)-7-induced naive CD4 T-cell homeostasis with residual immune activation and CD4 T-cell senescence in HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) who exhibit persistent CD4 T-cell deficiency. DESIGN IL-7 induced proliferation of, and IL-7 receptor signalling in, total and naive CD4 T cells of HIV patients who had low (<350 cells/μl) or normal (>500 cells/μl) CD4 T-cell counts on ART was examined and related to markers of CD4 T-cell activation and senescence and innate immune activation. METHODS Total, naive (CD45RA CD27) and CD31 naive CD4 T cells from aviremic HIV patients (n=39) with nadir CD4 T-cell counts less than 100 cells/μl, who had received ART for a median time of 7 (range 1-11) years, were assessed for CD127 expression, proliferation (Ki67), signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5) and CD127 modulation following IL-7 stimulation. Changes were related to proportions of CD4 T cells expressing HLA-DR or CD57 and plasma levels of sCD14, CXCL9 and CXCL10. RESULTS Patients with CD4 T-cell deficiency exhibited lower expression of CD127 on total, naive and CD31 naive CD4 T cells. Downregulation of CD127 after culture with IL-7 correlated inversely with CD4 T-cell counts and directly with Ki67 expression. Induction of pSTAT5 in CD4 T-cell subsets was greater in patients with normal CD4 T-cell counts. CD127 expression correlated inversely with proportions of CD4CD57 T cells, and pSTAT5 induction correlated inversely with CD4 T-cell expression of HLA-DR and CD57. CONCLUSION Defects of IL-7 signalling in HIV patients with persistent CD4 T-cell deficiency receiving ART are associated with CD4 T-cell activation and senescence.
Collapse
|
25
|
Mukhopadhyay A, Ray S, Maulik U. Incorporating the type and direction information in predicting novel regulatory interactions between HIV-1 and human proteins using a biclustering approach. BMC Bioinformatics 2014; 15:26. [PMID: 24460683 PMCID: PMC3922888 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discovering novel interactions between HIV-1 and human proteins would greatly contribute to different areas of HIV research. Identification of such interactions leads to a greater insight into drug target prediction. Some recent studies have been conducted for computational prediction of new interactions based on the experimentally validated information stored in a HIV-1-human protein-protein interaction database. However, these techniques do not predict any regulatory mechanism between HIV-1 and human proteins by considering interaction types and direction of regulation of interactions. RESULTS Here we present an association rule mining technique based on biclustering for discovering a set of rules among human and HIV-1 proteins using the publicly available HIV-1-human PPI database. These rules are subsequently utilized to predict some novel interactions among HIV-1 and human proteins. For prediction purpose both the interaction types and direction of regulation of interactions, (i.e., virus-to-host or host-to-virus) are considered here to provide important additional information about the regulation pattern of interactions. We have also studied the biclusters and analyzed the significant GO terms and KEGG pathways in which the human proteins of the biclusters participate. Moreover the predicted rules have also been analyzed to discover regulatory relationship between some human proteins in course of HIV-1 infection. Some experimental evidences of our predicted interactions have been found by searching the recent literatures in PUBMED. We have also highlighted some human proteins that are likely to act against the HIV-1 attack. CONCLUSIONS We pose the problem of identifying new regulatory interactions between HIV-1 and human proteins based on the existing PPI database as an association rule mining problem based on biclustering algorithm. We discover some novel regulatory interactions between HIV-1 and human proteins. Significant number of predicted interactions has been found to be supported by recent literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumanta Ray
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Aliah University, Kolkata-700091, West Bengal, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Decreased CD127 expression on CD4+ T-cells and elevated frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD127- T-cells in children with long-lasting type 1 diabetes. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:459210. [PMID: 24348676 PMCID: PMC3856128 DOI: 10.1155/2013/459210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pathobiology of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is predominantly associated with T-cell-related actions. Homeostasis of majority of T-cells is critically dependent on signals mediated by CD127 (interleukin-7 receptor, IL-7R). In contrast, regulatory T-cells express very little CD127 and thereby may be delineated by CD4+CD25+CD127− phenotype. Here we aimed to analyze CD127 expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells and enumerate CD4+CD25+CD127− T-cells in long-lasting T1D. T-cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunologic data were correlated with vascular, metabolic, and inflammatory parameters. We demonstrated significantly decreased CD127 levels on CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells in T1D pediatric patients. Interestingly, frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD127− T-cells were significantly enhanced in T1D children and correlated well with frequencies of CD34+CD144+ endothelial progenitor cells and CD4+CD25− T-cells. Levels of CD127 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in T1D patients were not correlated to each other or HbA1C. Interestingly, however, CD127 levels on CD4+ T-cells were significantly correlated to frequencies of CD4+CD25+CD127− T-cells, whereas CD127 levels on CD8+ T-cells were significantly correlated to concentrations of VEGF and triglycerides. Our data indicate that CD127 expression is differentially modulated on CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the course of T1D. Moreover, we demonstrated that, in contrast to recent-onset T1D, long-lasting T1D is associated with enhancement of T-cells with regulatory phenotype.
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore whether IL-7 participates in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). This was a prospective study. 20 GO patients (40 eyes) and 20 healthy volunteers (40 eyes) were recruited. The tear concentration of IL-7 was measured using ELISA assay. IL-7 expression in orbital tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Patients with inactive GO had the highest IL-7 concentrations in the tears, followed by healthy controls and patients with active GO per ELISA. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that IL-7 expression in orbital tissues of the inactive GO samples was higher than that of the volunteers. Changes of IL-7 expression in different phases of GO suggested that IL-7 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of GO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- KeBo Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated the Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cossarizza A, De Biasi S, Gibellini L, Bianchini E, Bartolomeo R, Nasi M, Mussini C, Pinti M. Cytometry, immunology, and HIV infection: three decades of strong interactions. Cytometry A 2013; 83:680-91. [PMID: 23788450 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flow cytometry (FCM) has been extensively used to investigate immunological changes that occur from infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This review describes some of the most relevant cellular and molecular changes in the immune system that can be detected by FCM during HIV infection. Finally, it will be discussed how this technology has facilitated the understanding not only of the biology of the virus but also of the mechanisms that the immune system activates to fight HIV and is allowing to monitor the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Imami N, Westrop SJ, Grageda N, Herasimtschuk AA. Long-Term Non-Progression and Broad HIV-1-Specific Proliferative T-Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2013; 4:58. [PMID: 23459797 PMCID: PMC3585435 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex mechanisms underlying the maintenance of fully functional, proliferative, HIV-1-specific T-cell responses involve processes from early T-cell development through to the final stages of T-cell differentiation and antigen recognition. Virus-specific proliferative CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses, important for the control of infection, are observed in some HIV-1(+) patients during early stages of disease, and are maintained in long-term non-progressing subjects. In the vast majority of HIV-1(+) patients, full immune functionality is lost when proliferative HIV-1-specific T-cell responses undergo a variable progressive decline throughout the course of chronic infection. This appears irreparable despite administration of potent combination antiretroviral therapy, which to date is non-curative, necessitating life-long administration and the development of effective, novel, therapeutic interventions. While a sterilizing cure, involving clearance of virus from the host, remains a primary aim, a "functional cure" may be a more feasible goal with considerable impact on worldwide HIV-1 infection. Such an approach would enable long-term co-existence of host and virus in the absence of toxic and costly drugs. Effective immune homeostasis coupled with a balanced response appropriately targeting conserved viral antigens, in a manner that avoids hyperactivation and exhaustion, may prove to be the strongest correlate of durable viral control. This review describes novel concepts underlying full immune functionality in the context of HIV-1 infection, which may be utilized in future strategies designed to improve upon existing therapy. The aim will be to induce long-term non-progressor or elite controller status in every infected host, through immune-mediated control of viremia and reduction of viral reservoirs, leading to lower HIV-1 transmission rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrina Imami
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Venet F, Foray AP, Villars-Méchin A, Malcus C, Poitevin-Later F, Lepape A, Monneret G. IL-7 Restores Lymphocyte Functions in Septic Patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5073-81. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
31
|
Reuter MA, Pombo C, Betts MR. Cytokine production and dysregulation in HIV pathogenesis: lessons for development of therapeutics and vaccines. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:181-91. [PMID: 22743036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have characterized the cytokine modulation observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals, from initial infection through chronic disease. Progressive and non-progressive HIV infection models show the cytokine milieu differs in terms of production and responsiveness in these two groups, suggesting an understanding of the role cytokines play during infection is necessary for directing the immune response toward viral control. This review will cover cytokine induction and dysfunction during HIV pathogenesis, with a focus on the interplay between cytokines and transcription factors, T cell activation, and exhaustion. We highlight cytokines that have either vaccine adjuvant or therapeutic potential and discuss the need to identify key factors required for prevention of progression, clearance of infection, or protection from acquisition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan A Reuter
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|