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Baldwin I, Robey EA. Adjusting to self in the thymus: CD4 versus CD8 lineage commitment and regulatory T cell development. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20230896. [PMID: 38980291 PMCID: PMC11232887 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
During thymic development, thymocytes adjust their TCR response based on the strength of their reactivity to self-peptide MHC complexes. This tuning process allows thymocytes with a range of self-reactivities to survive positive selection and contribute to a diverse T cell pool. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of how thymocytes tune their responsiveness during positive selection, and we present a "sequential selection" model to explain how MHC specificity influences lineage choice. We also discuss recent evidence for cell type diversity in the medulla and discuss how this heterogeneity may contribute to medullary niches for negative selection and regulatory T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Baldwin
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ellen A. Robey
- Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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2
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Kaminski HJ, Kusner LL, Cutter GR, Le Panse R, Wright CD, Perry Y, Wolfe GI. Does Surgical Removal of the Thymus Have Deleterious Consequences? Neurology 2024; 102:e209482. [PMID: 38781559 PMCID: PMC11226319 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of immunosenescence, particularly the natural process of thymic involution during aging, is increasingly acknowledged as a factor contributing to the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Recently, a concern has been raised about deleterious consequences of the surgical removal of thymic tissue, including for patients who undergo thymectomy for myasthenia gravis (MG) or resection of a thymoma. This review adopts a multidisciplinary approach to scrutinize the evidence concerning the long-term risks of cancer and autoimmunity postthymectomy. We conclude that for patients with acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive MG and those diagnosed with thymoma, the removal of the thymus offers prominent benefits that well outweigh the potential risks. However, incidental removal of thymic tissue during other thoracic surgeries should be minimized whenever feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Kaminski
- From the Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine (H.J.K.), George Washington University, DC; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology (L.L.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; INSERM (R.L.P.), Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Surgery (C.D.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Surgery (Y.P.), and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo/SUNY, NY
| | - Linda L Kusner
- From the Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine (H.J.K.), George Washington University, DC; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology (L.L.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; INSERM (R.L.P.), Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Surgery (C.D.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Surgery (Y.P.), and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo/SUNY, NY
| | - Gary R Cutter
- From the Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine (H.J.K.), George Washington University, DC; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology (L.L.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; INSERM (R.L.P.), Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Surgery (C.D.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Surgery (Y.P.), and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo/SUNY, NY
| | - Rozen Le Panse
- From the Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine (H.J.K.), George Washington University, DC; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology (L.L.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; INSERM (R.L.P.), Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Surgery (C.D.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Surgery (Y.P.), and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo/SUNY, NY
| | - Cameron D Wright
- From the Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine (H.J.K.), George Washington University, DC; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology (L.L.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; INSERM (R.L.P.), Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Surgery (C.D.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Surgery (Y.P.), and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo/SUNY, NY
| | - Yaron Perry
- From the Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine (H.J.K.), George Washington University, DC; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology (L.L.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; INSERM (R.L.P.), Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Surgery (C.D.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Surgery (Y.P.), and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo/SUNY, NY
| | - Gil I Wolfe
- From the Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine (H.J.K.), George Washington University, DC; Department of Pharmacology & Physiology (L.L.K.), and Department of Biostatistics (G.R.C.), University of Alabama at Birmingham; INSERM (R.L.P.), Institute of Myology, Center of Research in Myology, Sorbonne University, Paris, France; Department of Surgery (C.D.W.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Department of Surgery (Y.P.), and Department of Neurology (G.I.W.), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo/SUNY, NY
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3
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This S, Costantino S, Melichar HJ. Machine learning predictions of T cell antigen specificity from intracellular calcium dynamics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2298. [PMID: 38446885 PMCID: PMC10917351 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapies rely on the production of T cells with an antigen receptor that directs their specificity toward tumor-specific antigens. Methods for identifying relevant T cell receptor (TCR) sequences, predominantly achieved through the enrichment of antigen-specific T cells, represent a major bottleneck in the production of TCR-engineered cell therapies. Fluctuation of intracellular calcium is a proximal readout of TCR signaling and candidate marker for antigen-specific T cell identification that does not require T cell expansion; however, calcium fluctuations downstream of TCR engagement are highly variable. We propose that machine learning algorithms may allow for T cell classification from complex datasets such as polyclonal T cell signaling events. Using deep learning tools, we demonstrate accurate prediction of TCR-transgenic CD8+ T cell activation based on calcium fluctuations and test the algorithm against T cells bearing a distinct TCR as well as polyclonal T cells. This provides the foundation for an antigen-specific TCR sequence identification pipeline for adoptive T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien This
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Santiago Costantino
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Heather J. Melichar
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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4
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Porcheddu V, Lhomme G, Giraudet R, Correia E, Maillère B. The self-reactive FVIII T cell repertoire in healthy individuals relies on a short set of epitopes and public clonotypes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1345195. [PMID: 38510258 PMCID: PMC10951066 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-mutated FVIII-specific CD4 T cell epitopes have been recently found to contribute to the development of inhibitors in patients with hemophilia A (HA), while auto-reactive CD4 T cells specific to FVIII circulate in the blood of healthy individuals at a frequency close to the foreign protein ovalbumin. Thus, although FVIII is a self-protein, the central tolerance raised against FVIII appears to be low. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the FVIII CD4 T cell repertoire in 29 healthy donors. Sequencing of the CDR3β TCR region from isolated FVIII-specific CD4 T cells revealed a limited usage and pairing of TRBV and TRBJ genes as well as a mostly hydrophobic composition of the CDR3β region according to their auto-reactivity. The FVIII repertoire is dominated by a few clonotypes, with only 13 clonotypes accounting for half of the FVIII response. Through a large-scale epitope mapping of the full-length FVIII sequence, we identified 18 immunodominant epitopes located in the A1, A3, C1, and C2 domains and covering half of the T cell response. These epitopes exhibited a broad specificity for HLA-DR or DP molecules or both. T cell priming with this reduced set of peptides revealed that highly expanded clonotypes specific to these epitopes were responsible individually for up to 32% of the total FVIII repertoire. These FVIII T cell epitopes and clonotypes were shared among HLA-unrelated donors tested and previously reported HA patients. Our study highlights the role of the auto-reactive T cell response against FVIII in HA and its similarity to the response observed in healthy individuals. Thus, it provides valuable insights for the development of new tolerance induction and deimmunization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Porcheddu
- Université de Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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5
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Eggert J, Zinzow-Kramer WM, Hu Y, Kolawole EM, Tsai YL, Weiss A, Evavold BD, Salaita K, Scharer CD, Au-Yeung BB. Cbl-b mitigates the responsiveness of naive CD8 + T cells that experience extensive tonic T cell receptor signaling. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadh0439. [PMID: 38319998 PMCID: PMC10897907 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adh0439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Naive T cells experience tonic T cell receptor (TCR) signaling in response to self-antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in secondary lymphoid organs. We investigated how relatively weak or strong tonic TCR signals influence naive CD8+ T cell responses to stimulation with foreign antigens. The heterogeneous expression of Nur77-GFP, a transgenic reporter of tonic TCR signaling, in naive CD8+ T cells suggests variable intensities or durations of tonic TCR signaling. Although the expression of genes associated with acutely stimulated T cells was increased in Nur77-GFPHI cells, these cells were hyporesponsive to agonist TCR stimulation compared with Nur77-GFPLO cells. This hyporesponsiveness manifested as diminished activation marker expression and decreased secretion of IFN-γ and IL-2. The protein abundance of the ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b, a negative regulator of TCR signaling, was greater in Nur77-GFPHI cells than in Nur77-GFPLO cells, and Cbl-b deficiency partially restored the responsiveness of Nur77-GFPHI cells. Our data suggest that the cumulative effects of previously experienced tonic TCR signaling recalibrate naive CD8+ T cell responsiveness. These changes include gene expression changes and negative regulation partially dependent on Cbl-b. This cell-intrinsic negative feedback loop may enable the immune system to restrain naive CD8+ T cells with higher self-reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Eggert
- Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University; Atlanta, 30322, USA
| | - Wendy M. Zinzow-Kramer
- Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University; Atlanta, 30322, USA
| | - Yuesong Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University; Atlanta, 30322, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Kolawole
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, 84112, USA
| | - Yuan-Li Tsai
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, 94143, USA
| | - Arthur Weiss
- Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Departments of Medicine and of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, 94143, USA
| | - Brian D. Evavold
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, 84112, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University; Atlanta, 30322, USA
| | | | - Byron B. Au-Yeung
- Division of Immunology, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Department of Medicine, Emory University; Atlanta, 30322, USA
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Forsdyke DR. Aggregation-prone peptides from within a non-self-protein homoaggregate are preferred for MHC association: Historical overview. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13306. [PMID: 38441340 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
New technologies assist re-evaluation of hypotheses on generation of immune cell repertoires and distinctions of self from non-self. Findings include positive correlations between peptide propensities to aggregate and their binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. This recalls the hypothesis that foreign proteins may homoaggregate in host cytosols prior to releasing their peptides (p) to form pMHC complexes. Clues to this included aggregation-related phenomena associated with infections (rouleaux formation, pyrexia, certain brain diseases). By virtue of 'promiscuous' gene expression by thymic presenting cells - perhaps adapted from earlier evolving gonadal mechanisms - developing T cells monitor surface pMHC clusterings. This evaluates intracellular concentrations of the corresponding proteins, and hence, following Burnet's two signal principle, degrees of self-reactivity. After positive selection in the thymic cortex for reactivity with 'near-self', high-level pMHC clustering suffices in the medulla for negatively selection. Following Burnet's principle, in the periphery low-level clustering suffices for T cell stimulation and high-level clustering again provokes negative selection (immunological tolerance). For evolving intracellular pathogens, fine-tuned polymorphisms of their host species have limited to 'near-self' some mimicking adaptations. It is proposed that while entire pathogen proteins may have evolved to minimize their aggregability, the greater aggregability of their peptides remains partially hidden within. Two-step proofreading mechanisms in prospective hosts select proteins containing aggregable peptide for the generation of pMHC clusters at the surface of presenting cells. Through mutations, some proteins of pathogens and cancer cells tend to converge towards the host 'near-self' that its T cells have auditioned to address.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Forsdyke
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Mandl JN, Melichar HJ. Revealing the identity of regulatory T-cell-suppressed self-reactive CD4 + T cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1093-1094. [PMID: 37072488 PMCID: PMC10541858 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology and McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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8
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Sam G, Stenos J, Graves SR, Rehm BHA. Q fever immunology: the quest for a safe and effective vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:133. [PMID: 37679410 PMCID: PMC10484952 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Q fever is an infectious zoonotic disease, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Coxiella burnetii. Transmission occurs from livestock to humans through inhalation of a survival form of the bacterium, the Small Cell Variant, often via handling of animal parturition products. Q fever manifests as an acute self-limiting febrile illness or as a chronic disease with complications such as vasculitis and endocarditis. The current preventative human Q fever vaccine Q-VAX poses limitations on its worldwide implementation due to reactogenic responses in pre-sensitized individuals. Many strategies have been undertaken to develop a universal Q fever vaccine but with little success to date. The mechanisms of the underlying reactogenic responses remain only partially understood and are important factors in the development of a safe Q fever vaccine. This review provides an overview of previous and current experimental vaccines developed for use against Q fever and proposes approaches to develop a vaccine that establishes immunological memory while eliminating harmful reactogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Sam
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - John Stenos
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Stephen R Graves
- Australian Rickettsial Reference Laboratory, University Hospital, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, 2567, Australia
| | - Bernd H A Rehm
- Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, 4111, Australia.
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, 4222, Australia.
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9
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Caron É, Perreault C. Introduction to the Special Issue: The Immunopeptidome. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101798. [PMID: 37348326 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Étienne Caron
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, and Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Claude Perreault
- Institute for Immunology and Cancer, and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Kim YJ, Rho KN, Jeong S, Lee GW, Kim HO, Cho HJ, Bae WK, Oh IJ, Lee SW, Cho JH. CD5 Expression Dynamically Changes During the Differentiation of Human CD8 + T Cells Predicting Clinical Response to Immunotherapy. Immune Netw 2023; 23:e35. [PMID: 37670812 PMCID: PMC10475823 DOI: 10.4110/in.2023.23.e35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Defining the molecular dynamics associated with T cell differentiation enhances our understanding of T cell biology and opens up new possibilities for clinical implications. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of CD5 expression in CD8+ T cell differentiation and explored its potential clinical uses. Using PBMCs from 29 healthy donors, we observed a stepwise decrease in CD5 expression as CD8+ T cells progressed through the differentiation stages. Interestingly, we found that CD5 expression was initially upregulated in response to T cell receptor stimulation, but diminished as the cells underwent proliferation, potentially explaining the differentiation-associated CD5 downregulation. Based on the proliferation-dependent downregulation of CD5, we hypothesized that relative CD5 expression could serve as a marker to distinguish the heterogeneous CD8+ T cell population based on their proliferation history. In support of this, we demonstrated that effector memory CD8+ T cells with higher CD5 expression exhibited phenotypic and functional characteristics resembling less differentiated cells compared to those with lower CD5 expression. Furthermore, in the retrospective analysis of PBMCs from 30 non-small cell lung cancer patients, we found that patients with higher CD5 expression in effector memory T cells displayed CD8+ T cells with a phenotype closer to the less differentiated cells, leading to favorable clinical outcomes in response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. These findings highlight the dynamics of CD5 expression as an indicator of CD8+ T cell differentiation status, and have implications for the development of predictive biomarker for ICI therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ju Kim
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Kyung Na Rho
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Saei Jeong
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Gil-Woo Lee
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | | | - Hyun-Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Woo Kyun Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - In-Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Lee
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cho
- Medical Research Center for Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- BioMedical Sciences Graduate Program, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
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11
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Chandiran K, Cauley LS. The diverse effects of transforming growth factor-β and SMAD signaling pathways during the CTL response. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1199671. [PMID: 37426662 PMCID: PMC10327426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1199671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in defense against infections with intracellular pathogens and anti-tumor immunity. Efficient migration is required to locate and destroy infected cells in different regions of the body. CTLs accomplish this task by differentiating into specialized subsets of effector and memory CD8 T cells that traffic to different tissues. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) belongs to a large family of growth factors that elicit diverse cellular responses via canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways. Canonical SMAD-dependent signaling pathways are required to coordinate changes in homing receptor expression as CTLs traffic between different tissues. In this review, we discuss the various ways that TGFβ and SMAD-dependent signaling pathways shape the cellular immune response and transcriptional programming of newly activated CTLs. As protective immunity requires access to the circulation, emphasis is placed on cellular processes that are required for cell-migration through the vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Chandiran
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Linda S. Cauley
- Department of Immunology, UCONN Health, Farmington, CT, United States
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