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Abouhagger A, Celiešiūtė-Germanienė R, Bakute N, Stirke A, Melo WCMA. Electrochemical biosensors on microfluidic chips as promising tools to study microbial biofilms: a review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1419570. [PMID: 39386171 PMCID: PMC11462992 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1419570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms play a pivotal role in microbial infections and antibiotic resistance due to their unique properties, driving the urgent need for advanced methodologies to study their behavior comprehensively across varied environmental contexts. While electrochemical biosensors have demonstrated success in understanding the dynamics of biofilms, scientists are now synergistically merging these biosensors with microfluidic technology. This combined approach offers heightened precision, sensitivity, and real-time monitoring capabilities, promising a more comprehensive understanding of biofilm behavior and its implications. Our review delves into recent advancements in electrochemical biosensors on microfluidic chips, specifically tailored for investigating biofilm dynamics, virulence, and properties. Through a critical examination of these advantages, properties and applications of these devices, the review highlights the transformative potential of this technology in advancing our understanding of microbial biofilms in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wanessa C. M. A. Melo
- Department of Functional Materials and Electronics, State Research Institute Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology (FTMC), Vilnius, Lithuania
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2
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Tibbits G, Wall N, Saunders S, Babauta J, Beyenal H. Electrochemical detection of flavin mononucleotide using mineral-filmed microelectrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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Fysun O, Khorshid S, Rauschnabel J, Langowski H. Detection of dairy fouling by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3070-3080. [PMID: 32724571 PMCID: PMC7382167 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Fouling in food processing environment can cause the increase of production costs due to additional cleaning steps and risk of contamination of food products. There is a demand to introduce advanced techniques to detect fouling in food processing equipment. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) were probed in this work to detect the dairy fouling and the reconstructed dairy emulsion by platinum-based interdigitated microelectrodes. The results demonstrated that both methods can potentially be used for the fouling detection, since the attachment of fouling to the microelectrode surface leads to lower current responses compared to the clean microelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Fysun
- TUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
- Robert Bosch Packaging Technology GmbHWaiblingenGermany
- Present address:
Robert Bosch GmbHReutlingenGermany
| | - Sara Khorshid
- Robert Bosch Packaging Technology GmbHWaiblingenGermany
- Department of Mechanical and Process EngineeringUniversity of KaiserslauternKaiserslauternGermany
- Present address:
Sanofi‐Aventis Deutschland GmbHFrankfurtGermany
| | | | - Horst‐Christian Langowski
- TUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVVFreisingGermany
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4
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Schlaugat J, Patzer K, Hentrop T, Solle D, Pepelanova I, Schröder U, Scheper T. Development and characterization of a fiber optical fluorescence sensor for the online monitoring of biofilms and their microenvironment. Eng Life Sci 2020; 20:252-264. [PMID: 32647504 PMCID: PMC7336156 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of microorganisms on surfaces and interfaces as a biofilm is very common and plays important role in various areas such as material science, biomedicine, or waste treatment among others. Due to their inhomogeneous structure and the variance in the microorganism consortium, the analysis of biofilms represents a significant challenge. An online fluorescence sensor was developed that is able to measure the most important biological fluorophores (proteins, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and flavin) in a noninvasive manner in biofilms, e.g. in bioelectrochemical applications. The sensor gives the opportunity to continuously draw conclusions on the metabolic state of the biofilm. The developed sensor has a diameter of 1 mm at the sensor tip and can be moved on and into the biofilm surface. In the first experiment, the measuring range of the sensor and the long-term stability could be determined and the system applicability was confirmed. In addition, measurements in biofilm-like structures could be performed. The formation of a wastewater-based biofilm was monitored using the developed sensor, demonstrating the functionality of the sensor in a proof-of-principle experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Schlaugat
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Kai Patzer
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Thorleif Hentrop
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Dörte Solle
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Iliyana Pepelanova
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Uwe Schröder
- Institute of Environmental and Sustainable ChemistryTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Thomas Scheper
- Institute of Technical ChemistryLeibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
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5
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Gribat LC, Babauta JT, Beyenal H, Wall NA. New rotating disk hematite film electrode for riboflavin detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Outer membrane cytochromes/flavin interactions in Shewanella spp.-A molecular perspective. Biointerphases 2017; 12:021004. [PMID: 28565913 DOI: 10.1116/1.4984007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is intrinsically associated with the core phenomena of energy harvesting/energy conversion in natural ecosystems and biotechnology applications. However, the mechanisms associated with EET are complex and involve molecular interactions that take place at the "bionano interface" where biotic/abiotic interactions are usually explored. This work provides molecular perspective on the electron transfer mechanism(s) employed by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Molecular docking simulations were used to explain the interfacial relationships between two outer-membrane cytochromes (OMC) OmcA and MtrC and riboflavin (RF) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), respectively. OMC-flavin interactions were analyzed by studying the electrostatic potential, the hydrophilic/hydrophobic surface properties, and the van der Waals surface of the OMC proteins. As a result, it was proposed that the interactions between flavins and OMCs are based on geometrical recognition event. The possible docking positions of RF and FMN to OmcA and MtrC were also shown.
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7
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Grattieri M, Shivel ND, Sifat I, Bestetti M, Minteer SD. Sustainable Hypersaline Microbial Fuel Cells: Inexpensive Recyclable Polymer Supports for Carbon Nanotube Conductive Paint Anodes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:2053-2058. [PMID: 28244231 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells are an emerging technology for wastewater treatment, but to be commercially viable and sustainable, the electrode materials must be inexpensive, recyclable, and reliable. In this study, recyclable polymeric supports were explored for the development of anode electrodes to be applied in single-chamber microbial fuel cells operated in field under hypersaline conditions. The support was covered with a carbon nanotube (CNT) based conductive paint, and biofilms were able to colonize the electrodes. The single-chamber microbial fuel cells with Pt-free cathodes delivered a reproducible power output after 15 days of operation to achieve 12±1 mW m-2 at a current density of 69±7 mA m-2 . The decrease of the performance in long-term experiments was mostly related to inorganic precipitates on the cathode electrode and did not affect the performance of the anode, as shown by experiments in which the cathode was replaced and the fuel cell performance was regenerated. The results of these studies show the feasibility of polymeric supports coated with CNT-based paint for microbial fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Grattieri
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Nelson D Shivel
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Iram Sifat
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- United States-Pakistan Centre for Advanced Studies in Water, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, 76090, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Massimiliano Bestetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Shelley D Minteer
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 315 S 1400 E Rm 2020, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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8
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Renslow RS, Marshall MJ, Tucker AE, Chrisler WB, Yu XY. In situ nuclear magnetic resonance microimaging of live biofilms in a microchannel. Analyst 2017; 142:2363-2371. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an00078b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The firstin situnuclear magnetic resonance microimaging of live biofilms in a transferrable microfluidic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Renslow
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - M. J. Marshall
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - A. E. Tucker
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - W. B. Chrisler
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - X.-Y. Yu
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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9
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Belousov KI, Denisov IA, Lukyanenko KA, Yakimov AS, Bukatin AS, Kukhtevich IV, Sorokin VV, Esimbekova EN, Belobrov PI, Evstrapov AA. Dissolution and mixing of flavin mononucleotide in microfluidic chips for bioassay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/741/1/012058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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10
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Cheng Q, Call DF. Hardwiring microbes via direct interspecies electron transfer: mechanisms and applications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:968-80. [PMID: 27349520 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00219f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular microbial communities are important catalysts in engineered systems designed to treat wastewater, remediate contaminated sediments, and produce energy from biomass. Understanding the interspecies interactions within them is therefore essential to design effective processes. The flow of electrons within these communities is especially important in the determination of reaction possibilities (thermodynamics) and rates (kinetics). Conventional models of electron transfer incorporate the diffusion of metabolites generated by one organism and consumed by a second, frequently referred to as mediated interspecies electron transfer (MIET). Evidence has emerged in the last decade that another method, called direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET), may occur between organisms or in conjunction with electrically conductive materials. Recent research has suggested that DIET can be stimulated in engineered systems to improve desired treatment goals and energy recovery in systems such as anaerobic digesters and microbial electrochemical technologies. In this review, we summarize the latest understanding of DIET mechanisms, the associated microorganisms, and the underlying thermodynamics. We also critically examine approaches to stimulate DIET in engineered systems and assess their effectiveness. We find that in most cases attempts to promote DIET in mixed culture systems do not yield the improvements expected based on defined culture studies. Uncertainties of other processes that may be co-occurring in real systems, such as contaminant sorption and biofilm promotion, need to be further investigated. We conclude by identifying areas of future research related to DIET and its application in biological treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwen Cheng
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Douglas F Call
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7908, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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11
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Atci E, Babauta JT, Sultana ST, Beyenal H. Microbiosensor for the detection of acetate in electrode-respiring biofilms. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 81:517-523. [PMID: 27016913 PMCID: PMC5108365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this work was to develop a microbiosensor to measure acetate concentration profiles inside biofilms in situ. The working principle of the microbiosensor was based on the correlation between the acetate concentration and the current generated during acetate oxidation by Geobacter sulfurreducens. The microbiosensor consisted of a 30-µm carbon microelectrode with an open tip as a working electrode, with G. sulfurreducens biofilm on the tip and a pseudo Ag/AgCl reference electrode, all enclosed in a glass outer case with a 30-µm tip diameter. The microbiosensor showed a linear response in the 0-1.6mM acetate concentration range with a 79±8µM limit of detection (S/N=2). We quantified the stirring effect and found it negligible. However, the interfering effect of alternative electron donors (lactate, formate, pyruvate, or hydrogen) was found to be significant. The usefulness of the acetate microbiosensor was demonstrated by measuring acetate concentration depth profiles within a G. sulfurreducens biofilm. The acetate concentration remained at bulk values throughout the biofilm when no current was passed, but it decreased from the bulk values to below the detection limit within 200µm when current was allowed to pass. The zero acetate concentration at the bottom of the biofilm showed that the biofilm was acetate-limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhan Atci
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jerome T Babauta
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Sujala T Sultana
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
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12
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Renslow RS, Lindemann SR, Song HS. A Generalized Spatial Measure for Resilience of Microbial Systems. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:443. [PMID: 27092116 PMCID: PMC4823267 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergent property of resilience is the ability of a system to return to an original state after a disturbance. Resilience may be used as an early warning system for significant or irreversible community transition; that is, a community with diminishing or low resilience may be close to catastrophic shift in function or an irreversible collapse. Typically, resilience is quantified using recovery time, which may be difficult or impossible to directly measure in microbial systems. A recent study in the literature showed that under certain conditions, a set of spatial-based metrics termed recovery length, can be correlated to recovery time, and thus may be a reasonable alternative measure of resilience. However, this spatial metric of resilience is limited to use for step-change perturbations. Building upon the concept of recovery length, we propose a more general form of the spatial metric of resilience that can be applied to any shape of perturbation profiles (for example, either sharp or smooth gradients). We termed this new spatial measure “perturbation-adjusted spatial metric of resilience” (PASMORE). We demonstrate the applicability of the proposed metric using a mathematical model of a microbial mat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Renslow
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, USA
| | - Stephen R Lindemann
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, USA
| | - Hyun-Seob Song
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA, USA
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13
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Bao H, Zheng Z, Yang B, Liu D, Li F, Zhang X, Li Z, Lei L. In situ monitoring of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilm growth on gold electrodes by using a Pt microelectrode. Bioelectrochemistry 2016; 109:95-100. [PMID: 26850925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Much attention has been focused on electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) in the application of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). Studying the EAB biofilm growth mechanism as well as electron transfer mechanism provides a route to upgrade BES performance. But an effective bacterial growth monitoring method on the biofilm scale is still absent in this field. In this work, electrode-attached bacterial biofilms formed by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 were dynamically monitored through a microelectrode method. For S. oneidensis MR-1, a respiratory electron transport chain is associated with the secretion of riboflavin, severing as the cofactor to the outer membrane c-type cytochromes. The biofilm growth was monitored through adopting riboflavin as an electrochemical probe during the approach of the microelectrode to the biofilm external surface. This method allows in vivo and in situ biofilm monitoring at different growth stages without destructive manipulation. Furthermore, the biofilm growth monitoring results have been proved to be relatively accurate through observation under confocal laser scanning microscopy. We further applied this method to investigate the effects of four environmental factors (the concentrations of dissolved oxygen, sodium lactate, riboflavin as well as the electrode potential) on S. oneidensis MR-1 biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bao
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanwang Zheng
- School of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feifang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongjian Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lecheng Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Bailey MR, Pentecost AM, Selimovic A, Martin RS, Schultz ZD. Sheath-flow microfluidic approach for combined surface enhanced Raman scattering and electrochemical detection. Anal Chem 2015; 87:4347-55. [PMID: 25815795 PMCID: PMC4415045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The combination of hydrodynamic focusing with embedded capillaries in a microfluidic device is shown to enable both surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and electrochemical characterization of analytes at nanomolar concentrations in flow. The approach utilizes a versatile polystyrene device that contains an encapsulated microelectrode and fluidic tubing, which is shown to enable straightforward hydrodynamic focusing onto the electrode surface to improve detection. A polydimethyslsiloxane (PDMS) microchannel positioned over both the embedded tubing and SERS active electrode (aligned ∼200 μm from each other) generates a sheath flow that confines the analyte molecules eluting from the embedded tubing over the SERS electrode, increasing the interaction between the Riboflavin (vitamin B2) and the SERS active electrode. The microfluidic device was characterized using finite element simulations, amperometry, and Raman experiments. This device shows a SERS and amperometric detection limit near 1 and 100 nM, respectively. This combination of SERS and amperometry in a single device provides an improved method to identify and quantify electroactive analytes over either technique independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Bailey
- †University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Amber M Pentecost
- ‡Saint Louis University, Department of Chemistry, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Asmira Selimovic
- ‡Saint Louis University, Department of Chemistry, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - R Scott Martin
- ‡Saint Louis University, Department of Chemistry, St. Louis, Missouri 63103, United States
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- †University of Notre Dame, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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15
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Renslow R, Babauta J, Kuprat A, Schenk J, Ivory C, Fredrickson J, Beyenal H. Modeling biofilms with dual extracellular electron transfer mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:19262-83. [PMID: 24113651 PMCID: PMC3868370 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53759e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemically active biofilms have a unique form of respiration in which they utilize solid external materials as terminal electron acceptors for their metabolism. Currently, two primary mechanisms have been identified for long-range extracellular electron transfer (EET): a diffusion- and a conduction-based mechanism. Evidence in the literature suggests that some biofilms, particularly Shewanella oneidensis, produce the requisite components for both mechanisms. In this study, a generic model is presented that incorporates the diffusion- and the conduction-based mechanisms and allows electrochemically active biofilms to utilize both simultaneously. The model was applied to S. oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms using experimentally generated data found in the literature. Our simulation results show that (1) biofilms having both mechanisms available, especially if they can interact, may have a metabolic advantage over biofilms that can use only a single mechanism; (2) the thickness of G. sulfurreducens biofilms is likely not limited by conductivity; (3) accurate intrabiofilm diffusion coefficient values are critical for current generation predictions; and (4) the local biofilm potential and redox potential are two distinct parameters and cannot be assumed to have identical values. Finally, we determined that simulated cyclic and squarewave voltammetry based on our model are currently not capable of determining the specific percentages of extracellular electron transfer mechanisms in a biofilm. The developed model will be a critical tool for designing experiments to explain EET mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Renslow
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, 118 Dana Hall Spokane St., P.O. Box 642710, Pullman, WA 99164-2710, USA.
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16
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Choi C, Hu N. The modeling of gold recovery from tetrachloroaurate wastewater using a microbial fuel cell. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 133:589-598. [PMID: 23475179 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, tetrachloroaurate as an electron acceptor of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) has been studied to discover the parameters that affect the cost-effective recovery of gold. The modeling and equations for calculating the maximum actual efficiency and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic internal resistance of the MFC were also developed. The maximum power density (Pmax) of 6.58 W/m(2) with a fill factor of 0.717 was achieved for 60 mL volumes of 2000 ppm Au(III) catholyte and 12.2 mM acetate anolyte, respectively. The Pmax can also be predicted simply by measuring Rint by EIS. Additionally, the maximum actual MFC efficiency of about 57% was achieved, and the recovery efficiency of Au and the remaining concentration reached 99.89±0.00% and 0.22±0.00 ppm, respectively, for an Au(III) concentration of 200 ppm. The anodic concentration polarization quenching of the MFC strongly supports a mediator mechanism for the electron transfer from the microorganism to the anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chansoo Choi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Daejeon University, Dong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Beyenal H, Babauta J. Microsensors and microscale gradients in biofilms. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:235-56. [PMID: 24008918 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the limiting factors and mechanisms of biofilm processes requires the direct measurement of microscale gradients using the appropriate tools. Microscale measurements can provide mechanistic information that cannot be obtained from bulk-scale measurements. Among the most used and trusted tools in microscale biofilm research are microsensors. The goal of this chapter is to introduce microsensor technology along with several examples to illustrate microscale processes in biofilms that are usually absent in bulk. We define a microsensor for biofilm research as a needle-type sensor with tip diameter of a few microns and a length up to several hundred microns. Microsensors can be used noninvasively to monitor in situ biofilm processes. Both optical and electrochemical microsensors can be used for biofilm applications. Because of newly discovered biofilm processes, the design and use of microsensors require customization and carefully designed experiments. In this chapter we present several examples describing the use of microsensors (1) in environmental biofilms, (2) in medical biofilms, and (3) in biofilms for energy and bioproducts. Microsensors can be the most useful if the measured profiles are integrated into the study of overall biofilm processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haluk Beyenal
- Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, PO Box 642710, Pullman, WA, 99164-2710, USA,
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18
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Babauta J, Renslow R, Lewandowski Z, Beyenal H. Electrochemically active biofilms: facts and fiction. A review. BIOFOULING 2012; 28:789-812. [PMID: 22856464 PMCID: PMC4242416 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.710324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the electrochemical techniques used to study extracellular electron transfer in the electrochemically active biofilms that are used in microbial fuel cells and other bioelectrochemical systems. Electrochemically active biofilms are defined as biofilms that exchange electrons with conductive surfaces: electrodes. Following the electrochemical conventions, and recognizing that electrodes can be considered reactants in these bioelectrochemical processes, biofilms that deliver electrons to the biofilm electrode are called anodic, ie electrode-reducing, biofilms, while biofilms that accept electrons from the biofilm electrode are called cathodic, ie electrode-oxidizing, biofilms. How to grow these electrochemically active biofilms in bioelectrochemical systems is discussed and also the critical choices made in the experimental setup that affect the experimental results. The reactor configurations used in bioelectrochemical systems research are also described and the authors demonstrate how to use selected voltammetric techniques to study extracellular electron transfer in bioelectrochemical systems. Finally, some critical concerns with the proposed electron transfer mechanisms in bioelectrochemical systems are addressed together with the prospects of bioelectrochemical systems as energy-converting and energy-harvesting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Babauta
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Ryan Renslow
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | - Haluk Beyenal
- The Gene and Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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