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Liu J, Sun R, Bao X, Yang J, Chen Y, Tang B, Liu Z. Machine Learning Driven Atom-Thin Materials for Fragrance Sensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401066. [PMID: 38973110 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Fragrance plays a crucial role in the daily lives. Its importance spans various sectors, from therapeutic purposes to personal care, making the understanding and accurate identification of fragrances essential. To fully harness the potential of fragrances, efficient and precise fragrance sensing and identification are necessary. However, current fragrance sensors face several limitations, particularly in detecting and differentiating complex scent profiles with high accuracy. To address these challenges, the use of atom-thin materials in fragrance sensors has emerged as a groundbreaking approach. These atom-thin sensors, characterized by their enhanced sensitivity and selectivity, offer significant improvements over traditional sensing technology. Moreover, the integration of Machine Learning (ML) into fragrance sensing has opened new opportunities in the field. ML algorithms applied to fragrance sensing facilitate advancements in four key domains: accurate fragrance identification, precise discrimination between different fragrances, improved detection thresholds for subtle scents, and prediction of fragrance properties. This comprehensive review delves into the synergistic use of atom-thin materials and ML in fragrance sensing, providing an in-depth analysis of how these technologies are revolutionizing the field, offering insights into their current applications and future potential in enhancing the understanding and utilization of fragrances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Ruijia Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Xuan Bao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Jiefu Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanling Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, 650224, China
| | - Bijun Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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2
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Meng J, Balendhran S, Sabri Y, Bhargava SK, Crozier KB. Smart mid-infrared metasurface microspectrometer gas sensing system. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:74. [PMID: 38855359 PMCID: PMC11156923 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00697-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Smart, low-cost and portable gas sensors are highly desired due to the importance of air quality monitoring for environmental and defense-related applications. Traditionally, electrochemical and nondispersive infrared (IR) gas sensors are designed to detect a single specific analyte. Although IR spectroscopy-based sensors provide superior performance, their deployment is limited due to their large size and high cost. In this study, a smart, low-cost, multigas sensing system is demonstrated consisting of a mid-infrared microspectrometer and a machine learning algorithm. The microspectrometer is a metasurface filter array integrated with a commercial IR camera that is consumable-free, compact ( ~ 1 cm3) and lightweight ( ~ 1 g). The machine learning algorithm is trained to analyze the data from the microspectrometer and predict the gases present. The system detects the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100% with 100% accuracy. It also detects hazardous gases at low concentrations with an accuracy of 98.4%. Ammonia can be detected at a concentration of 100 ppm. Additionally, methyl-ethyl-ketone can be detected at its permissible exposure limit (200 ppm); this concentration is considered low and nonhazardous. This study demonstrates the viability of using machine learning with IR spectroscopy to provide a smart and low-cost multigas sensing platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Meng
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ylias Sabri
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), STEM college, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh K. Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), STEM college, RMIT University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenneth B. Crozier
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Ou Y, Wang B, Xu N, Song Q, Liu T, Xu H, Wang F, Wang Y. Crystal Face-Dependent Behavior of Single-Atom Pt: Construct of SA-FLP Dual Active Sites for Efficient NO 2 Detection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402038. [PMID: 38810152 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The strong potential of platinum single atom (PtSA) in gas sensor technology is primarily attributed to its high atomic economy. Nevertheless, it is imperative to conduct further exploration to understand the impact of PtSA on the active sites. In this study, the evolution of PtSA on (100)CeO2 and (111)CeO2 is examined, revealing notable disparities in the position and activity of surface PtSA on different crystal planes. The PtSA in (100)CeO2 surface can enhance the stability of Ce3+ and construct a frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) to form a double active site by combining the steric hindrance effect of oxygen vacancies, which increases the response value from 1.8 to 27 and reduce the response-recovery time from 140-192 s to 25-26 s toward five ppm NO2 at room temperature. Conversely, PtSA tends to bind to terminal oxygen on the surface of (111)CeO2 and become an independent reaction site. The response value of PtSA-(111)CeO2 surface only increased from 1.6 to 3.8. This research underscores the correlation between single atoms and crystal plane effects, laying the groundwork for designing and synthesizing ultra-stable and efficient gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Ou
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fiber and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fiber and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Nana Xu
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fiber and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Quzhi Song
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fiber and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fiber and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fiber and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Fuwen Wang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fiber and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Yingde Wang
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fiber and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
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Cowen T, Grammatikos S, Cheffena M. Molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticle-carbon nanotube composite electrochemical gas sensor for highly selective and sensitive detection of methanol vapour. Analyst 2024; 149:2428-2435. [PMID: 38488210 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00045e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical gas sensor has been fabricated using molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (nanoMIPs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes on screen-printed electrodes. Methanol vapour was chosen as the target due to its toxicity as its suitability as a model for more harmful pollutant gases. The sensor functions under ambient conditions and in the required concentration range, in contrast to all previous MIP-based gas sensors for methanol. The sensitivity of the sensor was greatly improved by the addition of multiwall carbon nanotubes, resulting in a limit of detection of approximately 10 ppm. The nanoMIPs provide an inherent selectivity for the target inherent in its design. Selectivity studies were performed with structurally analogous alcohols at various concentrations, demonstrating selectivity for methanol 12.1 times that for ethanol at 2 mmol dm-3 and 4.2 times that for ethanol at 1 mmol dm-3. Interactions with isopropanol and n-propanol were found to be non-specific, and the response to water was negligible. This demonstrates an improvement over previous methanol gas sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers. No response was observed with carbon nanotubes alone, and no selectivity was observed with non-imprinted equivalents of the nanoMIP sensor. The resulting device is by far the most practical MIP-based instrument for methanol gas sensing thus far described in the literature, being the only example capable of functioning at the necessary methanol vapour concentrations and at the required temperature and humidity. With the selectivity and sensitivity described and the simple design, the developed device provides a substantial advance in the field of molecularly imprinted gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Cowen
- Norwegian university of Science and Technology, Teknologivegen 22, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway.
| | - Sotirios Grammatikos
- Norwegian university of Science and Technology, Teknologivegen 22, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway.
| | - Michael Cheffena
- Norwegian university of Science and Technology, Teknologivegen 22, 2815 Gjøvik, Norway.
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E V, Ghadei SK, Ruidas S, Bhakta V, Sakthivel R, Sankaran KJ, Bhaumik A, Dalapati S. A Metal-Free Triazacoronene-Based Bimodal VOC Sensor. ACS Sens 2024; 9:251-261. [PMID: 38207113 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Developing suitable sensors for selective and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is crucial for monitoring indoor and outdoor air quality. VOCs are very harmful to our health upon inhalation or contact. Bimodal sensor materials with more than one transduction capability (optical and electrical) offer the ability to extract complementary information from the individual analyte, thus improving detection accuracy and performance. The privilege of manipulating the optoelectronic properties of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-based semiconducting materials offers rapid signal transduction in multimodal sensing applications. A thiophene-functionalized triazacoronene (TTAC) donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type sensor is reported here for VOC sensing. The single-crystal X-ray structure analysis of the TTAC revealed that a distinctive supramolecular polymer architecture was formed because of cooperative π-π and intermolecular D-A interactions and exhibited rapid signal transduction upon exposure to specific VOCs. The TTAC-embedded green luminescent paper-based test strip exhibited an on-off fluorescence response upon nitrobenzene vapor exposure for 120 s. The selective and rapid response is due to the fast photoinduced electron transfer, as is evident from the time-resolved excited-state dynamics and density functional theory studies. The thick-film-based prototype chemiresistive sensor detects harmful VOCs in a custom-made gas sensing system including benzene, toluene, and nitrobenzene. The TTAC sensor rapidly responds (200 s) at relatively low temperatures (180 οC) compared to other reported metal-oxide-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varadharajan E
- Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
| | - Surya Kanta Ghadei
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Santu Ruidas
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Viki Bhakta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700009, India
| | - Ramasamy Sakthivel
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | | | - Asim Bhaumik
- School of Materials Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mallick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Sasanka Dalapati
- Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Neelakudi, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu 610005, India
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Xue X, Wei M, Yuan J, Huang X, Cao Q, Xia C, Niu X, Yin X. A single recognition unit-based virtual sensor Array: Applying 3D fluorescence spectroscopy to inner filter effect-based sensing. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 305:123470. [PMID: 37776834 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A convenient, fast, low-cost detection and discrimination method is demanded for environmental monitoring but still it remains more technological challenges. Herein, we demonstrate that the inner filter effect (IFE), in combination with three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, can offer a virtual sensor array (VSA) as apropersolution. And with the aid of pattern recognition techniques, it is feasible to recognize compounds with structural similarities economically and effectively. In this study, with the help of visual clustering plots of principal component analysis (PCA), a prediction model based on hierarchical strategy was made using support vector machine (SVM) method for the qualitative profiling of aromatic pollutants. The VSA was constructed by a single metal-organic framework (MOF) recognition unit (MOF-74 (Zn)) with the excitation wavelength as external regulatory factors. Pattern characteristics of four aromatics with very similar structures (phenylamine, chlorobenzene, nitrobenzene, and phenol), both single analyte and binary mixtures, were acquired. The primary constituents of multi-dimensional spectral signals were subsequently extracted and fed into a vector machine to construct a prediction model through 10-fold cross-validation optimization, resulting in a classification accuracy of 100% for single analytes and 96% for mixtures. Quantitative research has shown that, except for chlorobenzene, all three other analytes can be predicted in concentration within an acceptable error range, and the mixture can be predicted proportionally. Moreover, the VSA can be used to distinguish these pollutants in tap and river water also. We propose for the first time a new tack for the construction of VSA in a general manner, namely using three-dimensional full range fluorescence scanning for IFE based sensing to get multiple times of information resulting from different weak interaction between analyte and sensor for decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfen Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Mingjie Wei
- School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Jing Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Xinyu Huang
- School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Qinghua Cao
- School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Changkun Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Xiangheng Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China
| | - Xiulian Yin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
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7
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Lee S, Park S, Lim S, Lee C, Lee CY. Potential of Carbon Nanotube Chemiresistor Array in Detecting Gas-Phase Mixtures of Toxic Chemical Compounds. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2199. [PMID: 37570518 PMCID: PMC10421483 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Toxic industrial chemicals (TICs), when accidentally released into the workplace or environment, often form a gaseous mixture that complicates detection and mitigation measures. However, most of the existing gas sensors are unsuitable for detecting such mixtures. In this study, we demonstrated the detection and identification of gaseous mixtures of TICs using a chemiresistor array of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The array consists of three SWCNT chemiresistors coated with different molecular/ionic species, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.2 ppb for ammonia (NH3), 820 ppb for sulfur dioxide (SO2), and 2.4 ppm for ethylene oxide (EtO). By fitting the concentration-dependent sensor responses to an adsorption isotherm, we extracted parameters that characterize each analyte-coating combination, including the proportionality and equilibrium constants for adsorption. Principal component analysis confirmed that the sensor array detected and identified mixtures of two TIC gases: NH3/SO2, NH3/EtO, and SO2/EtO. Exposing the sensor array to three TIC mixtures with various EtO/SO2 ratios at a fixed NH3 concentration showed an excellent correlation between the sensor response and the mixture composition. Additionally, we proposed concentration ranges within which the sensor array can effectively detect the gaseous mixtures. Being highly sensitive and capable of analyzing both individual and mixed TICs, our gas sensor array has great potential for monitoring the safety and environmental effects of industrial chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwoo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sanghwan Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Seongyeop Lim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Cheongha Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.L.); (C.L.)
| | - Chang Young Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (S.L.); (C.L.)
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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8
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Simonenko EP, Simonenko NP, Mokrushin AS, Simonenko TL, Gorobtsov PY, Nagornov IA, Korotcenkov G, Sysoev VV, Kuznetsov NT. Application of Titanium Carbide MXenes in Chemiresistive Gas Sensors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13050850. [PMID: 36903729 PMCID: PMC10004978 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The titanium carbide MXenes currently attract an extreme amount of interest from the material science community due to their promising functional properties arising from the two-dimensionality of these layered structures. In particular, the interaction between MXene and gaseous molecules, even at the physisorption level, yields a substantial shift in electrical parameters, which makes it possible to design gas sensors working at RT as a prerequisite to low-powered detection units. Herein, we consider to review such sensors, primarily based on Ti3C2Tx and Ti2CTx crystals as the most studied ones to date, delivering a chemiresistive type of signal. We analyze the ways reported in the literature to modify these 2D nanomaterials for (i) detecting various analyte gases, (ii) improving stability and sensitivity, (iii) reducing response/recovery times, and (iv) advancing a sensitivity to atmospheric humidity. The most powerful approach based on designing hetero-layers of MXenes with other crystals is discussed with regard to employing semiconductor metal oxides and chalcogenides, noble metal nanoparticles, carbon materials (graphene and nanotubes), and polymeric components. The current concepts on the detection mechanisms of MXenes and their hetero-composites are considered, and the background reasons for improving gas-sensing functionality in the hetero-composite when compared with pristine MXenes are classified. We formulate state-of-the-art advances and challenges in the field while proposing some possible solutions, in particular via employing a multisensor array paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta P. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay P. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.P.S.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Artem S. Mokrushin
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana L. Simonenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Philipp Yu. Gorobtsov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya A. Nagornov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ghenadii Korotcenkov
- Department of Physics and Engineering, Moldova State University, 2009 Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Victor V. Sysoev
- Department of Physics, Yuri Gagarin State Technical University of Saratov, 77 Polytechnicheskaya str., 410054 Saratov, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.P.S.); (V.V.S.)
| | - Nikolay T. Kuznetsov
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Zhang T, Lin S, Zhou Y, Hu J. Several ML Algorithms and Their Feature Vector Design for Gas Discrimination and Concentration Measurement with an Ultrasonically Catalyzed MOX Sensor. ACS Sens 2023; 8:665-672. [PMID: 36696118 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although gas-borne ultrasound catalysis has been developed as a new method to discriminate gas species and measure the concentration, applications of machine learning methods in gas analyses with a single metal oxide (MOX) gas sensor catalyzed by gas-borne ultrasound are still scarce. In this work, with an ultrasonically catalyzed MOX gas sensor, we explored the effectiveness of K-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), and single-hidden-layer BP-ANN (SHBP) in gas discrimination and the application of the SHBP in concentration measurement. The target gases in this work are ethanol, acetone, methanol, hydrogen, and n-butane in clean air, respectively, and the discrimination and concentration regression are implemented by two different ML models. With the properly designed feature vectors, the SHBP method has an acceptable capability of both of species discrimination and concentration regression (success rate of gas discrimination = 99.5%, relative error of concentration regression = 6.406%). The KNN and SVM methods have similar capabilities of gas discrimination as the SHBP. This work also demonstrates a method to design the feature vectors for the ultrasonically catalyzed MOX gas sensor and to choose the feature parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing210000, China
| | - Shun Lin
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing210000, China
| | - Yuchen Zhou
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing210000, China
| | - Junhui Hu
- State Key Lab of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing210000, China
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Ampong DN, Agyekum E, Agyemang FO, Mensah-Darkwa K, Andrews A, Kumar A, Gupta RK. MXene: fundamentals to applications in electrochemical energy storage. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2023; 18:3. [PMID: 36732431 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03786-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new, sizable family of 2D transition metal carbonitrides, carbides, and nitrides known as MXenes has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. This is because MXenes exhibit a variety of intriguing physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrochemical characteristics that are closely linked to the wide variety of their surface terminations and elemental compositions. Particularly, MXenes are readily converted into composites with materials including oxides, polymers, and CNTs, which makes it possible to modify their characteristics for a variety of uses. MXenes and MXene-based composites have demonstrated tremendous promise in environmental applications due to their excellent reducibility, conductivity, and biocompatibility, in addition to their well-known rise to prominence as electrode materials in the energy storage sector. The remarkable characteristics of 2D MXene, including high conductivity, high specific surface area, and enhanced hydrophilicity, account for the increasing prominence of its use in storage devices. In this review, we highlight the most recent developments in the use of MXenes and MXene-based composites for electrochemical energy storage while summarizing their synthesis and characteristics. Key attention is paid to applications in supercapacitors, batteries, and their flexible components. Future research challenges and perspectives are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nframah Ampong
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Agyekum
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Frank Ofori Agyemang
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kwadwo Mensah-Darkwa
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
| | - Anthony Andrews
- Department of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Nano-Technology Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India.
| | - Ram K Gupta
- National Institute for Materials Advancement, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS, 66762, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, KS, 66762, USA.
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Tran VA, Tran NT, Doan VD, Nguyen TQ, Thi HHP, Vo GNL. Application Prospects of MXenes Materials Modifications for Sensors. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14020247. [PMID: 36837947 PMCID: PMC9959414 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The first two-dimensional (2D) substance sparked a boom in research since this type of material showed potential promise for applications in field sensors. A class of 2D transition metal nitrides, carbides, and carbonitrides are referred to as MXenes. Following the 2011 synthesis of Ti3C2 from Ti3AlC2, much research has been published. Since these materials have several advantages over conventional 2D materials, they have been extensively researched, synthesized, and studied by many research organizations. To give readers a general understanding of these well-liked materials, this review examines the structures of MXenes, discusses various synthesis procedures, and analyzes physicochemistry properties, particularly optical, electronic, structural, and mechanical properties. The focus of this review is the analysis of modern advancements in the development of MXene-based sensors, including electrochemical sensors, gas sensors, biosensors, optical sensors, and wearable sensors. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for further study on the creation of MXenes-based sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vy Anh Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Food Engineering, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tien Tran
- Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Van Dat Doan
- The Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Quang Nguyen
- Department of External Relations and Project Development, Institute of Applied Science and Technology (IAST), Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hai Ha Pham Thi
- NTT Hi-Tech Institute, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh Street, Ward 13, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Giang N. L. Vo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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12
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Shi L, Tang Q, Yang B, Liu W, Li B, Yang C, Jin Y. Portable and Label-Free Sensor Array for Discriminating Multiple Analytes via a Handheld Gas Pressure Meter. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14453-14459. [PMID: 36194124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cross-reactive sensor arrays are useful for discriminating multiple analytes in a complex sample. Herein, a portable and label-free gas pressure sensor array was proposed for multiplex analysis via a handheld gas pressure meter. It is based on the interaction diversity of analytes with catalase-like nanomaterials, including Pt nanoparticles (PtNP), Co3O4 nanosheets (Co3O4NS), and Pt-Co alloy nanosheets (PtCoNS), respectively. Thus, the diverse influence of analytes on the catalase-like activity could be output as the difference in the gas pressure. By using principal component analysis, eight proteins were well distinguished by the gas pressure sensor array at the 10 nM level within 12 min. Moreover, different concentrations of proteins and mixtures of proteins could likewise be discriminated. More importantly, the effective discrimination of proteins in human serum and discrimination of five kinds of cells further confirmed the potential of the gas pressure sensor array. Therefore, it provides a portable, cheap, sensitive, and label-free gas pressure sensor array, which is totally different from the reported sensor arrays and holds great potential for portable and cheap discrimination of multiple analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Qiaorong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Baoxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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13
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Li D, Liu W, Zhu B, Qu M, Zhang Q, Fu Y, Xie J. Machine Learning-Assisted Multifunctional Environmental Sensing Based on a Piezoelectric Cantilever. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2767-2777. [PMID: 36106454 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional environmental sensing is crucial for various applications in agriculture, pollution monitoring, and disease diagnosis. However, most of these sensing systems consist of multiple sensors, leading to significantly increased dimensions, energy consumption, and structural complexity. They also often suffer from signal interferences among multiple sensing elements. Herein, we report a multifunctional environmental sensor based on one single sensing element. A MoS2 film was deposited on the surface of a piezoelectric microcantilever (300 × 1000 μm2) and used as both a sensing layer and top electrode to make full use of the changes in multiple properties of MoS2 after its exposure to various environments. The proposed sensor has been demonstrated for humidity detection and achieved high resolution (0.3% RH), low hysteresis (5.6%), and fast response (1 s) and recovery (2.8 s). Based on the analysis of the magnitude spectra for transmission using machine learning algorithms, the sensor accurately quantifies temperatures and CO2 concentrations in the interference of humidity with accuracies of 91.9 and 92.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the sensor has been successfully demonstrated for real-time detection of humidity and temperature or CO2 concentrations for various applications, revealing its great potential in human-machine interactions and health monitoring of plants and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Weiting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Boyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, P. R. China
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14
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AhadiParsa M, Dehghani A, Ramezanzadeh M, Ramezanzadeh B. Rising of MXenes: Novel 2D-functionalized nanomaterials as a new milestone in corrosion science - a critical review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 307:102730. [PMID: 35868175 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Corrosion is a natural process between a metal and its environment that can gradually cause catastrophic damage to the metal equipment, which would have economic implications. Consequently, several protective methods have been utilized to prevent metals from severe degradation. Organic polymeric coatings have been widely used as the most convenient and cost-effective method to boost metals' anti-corrosion properties. Nonetheless, these coatings have a significant amount of solvent, resulting in shrinkage and micro defects in the films during the curing process. Many studies have verified that transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) can form a "labyrinth effect" in the polymeric coatings due to their "nano-barrier effect". Furthermore, based on their sheet-like structures, they can considerably cover the surface defects of the polymeric films. Therefore, the penetration of corrosive elements can be substantially curbed. It is the first review that specifically focused on the new family of 2D nanomaterials, i.e., MXenes, and discussed their applications in corrosion protection systems. The MXenes' pros and cons in the polymeric matrixes as nanofillers will be clarified. Moreover, the synthesis and functionalization methods of the MXenes, their applications, and corrosion protection mechanism will be explored. Subsequently, the MXenes' superiority over other 2D nanomaterials will be highlighted while their future perspectives and industrial applications will be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina AhadiParsa
- Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Dehghani
- Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, Iran; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezanzadeh
- Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Ramezanzadeh
- Department of Surface Coatings and Corrosion, Institute for Color Science and Technology, P.O. Box 16765-654, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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Ye X, Ge L, Jiang T, Guo H, Chen B, Liu C, Hayashi K. Fully Inkjet-Printed Chemiresistive Sensor Array Based on Molecularly Imprinted Sol-Gel Active Materials. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1819-1828. [PMID: 35731925 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The fabrication of chemiresistive sensors by inkjet printing is recognized as a breakthrough in gas-sensing applications. One challenge of this technology, however, is how to enhance the cross-selectivity of the sensor array. Herein, we present a ketjen black (KB) ink and molecularly imprinted sol-gel (MISG) inks to support the fabrication of a fully inkjet-printed chemiresistive sensor array, enabling the highly accurate recognition of volatile organic acids (VOAs) on the molecular level. The MISG/KB sensor array was prepared on a glossy photographic paper with a three-layer structure: a circuit layer by a commercial silver ink, a conductive layer by a KB ink, and an active selective layer by MISG inks imprinted by different templates. Hexanoic acid (HA), heptanoic acid, and octanoic acid were used as templates to prepare the MISGs and as targets to evaluate the detection and discrimination performance of the sensor array. Three resultant MISG/KB sensors exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity to VOA vapors. The limit of detection and imprinting factor were 0.018 ppm and 7.82, respectively, for HA-MISG/KB sensors to the corresponding target. With linear discriminant analysis of the gas responses, the MISG/KB sensor array can realize high discrimination to VOAs in single and binary mixtures. Furthermore, the proposed sensor array showed strong sensor robustness with excellent consistency, durability, bending, and humidity resistance. This work developed a fully inkjet-printed chemiresistive sensor array, enabling the realization of high cross-selectivity detection, achieving low-cost, scalable, and highly reproducible sensor fabrication, moving it closer to reliable, commercial, and wearable multi-analyte human body odor analysis potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ye
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Lingpu Ge
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tianshu Jiang
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hao Guo
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Chuanjun Liu
- Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Research Laboratory, U.S.E. Co., Ltd., Tokyo 150-0013, Japan
| | - Kenshi Hayashi
- Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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16
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Cao Z, Ge Y, Wang W, Sheng J, Zhang Z, Li J, Sun Y, Dong F. Chemical Discrimination of Benzene Series and Molecular Recognition of the Sensing Process over Ti-Doped Co 3O 4. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1757-1765. [PMID: 35657691 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work achieved the chemical discrimination of benzene series (toluene, xylene isomers, and ethylbenzene gases) based on the Ti-doped Co3O4 sensor. Benzene series gases presented different gas-response features due to the differences in redox rate on the surface of the Ti-doped Co3O4 sensor, which created an opportunity to discriminate benzene series via the algorithm analysis. Excellent groupings were obtained via the principal component analysis. High prediction accuracies were acquired via k-nearest neighbors, linear discrimination analysis (LDA), and support vector machine classifiers. With the confusion matrix for the data set using the LDA classifier, the benzene series have been well classified with 100% accuracy. Furthermore, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and density functional theory calculations were conducted to investigate the molecular gas-solid interfacial sensing mechanism. Ti-doped Co3O4 showed strong Lewis acid sites and adsorption capability toward reaction species, which benefited the toluene gas-sensing reaction and resulted in the highly boosted gas-sensing performance. Our research proposed a facile distinction methodology to recognize similar gases and provided new insights into the recognition of gas-solid interfacial sensing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Cao
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yingzhu Ge
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Wu Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jianping Sheng
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jieyuan Li
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yanjuan Sun
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis, Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
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17
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Li D, Zhu B, Pang K, Zhang Q, Qu M, Liu W, Fu Y, Xie J. Virtual Sensor Array Based on Piezoelectric Cantilever Resonator for Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds. ACS Sens 2022; 7:1555-1563. [PMID: 35549157 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Piezoelectric cantilever resonator is one of the most promising platforms for real-time sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, it has been a great challenge to eliminate the cross-sensitivity of various VOCs for these cantilever-based VOC sensors. Herein, a virtual sensor array (VSA) is proposed on the basis of a sensing layer of GO film deposited onto an AlN piezoelectric cantilever with five groups of top electrodes for identification of various VOCs. Different groups of top electrodes are applied to obtain high amplitudes of multiple resonance peaks for the cantilever, thus achieving low limits of detection (LODs) to VOCs. Frequency shifts of multiple resonant modes and changes of impedance values are taken as the responses of the proposed VSA to VOCs, and these multidimensional responses generate a unique fingerprint for each VOC. On the basis of machine learning algorithms, the proposed VSA can accurately identify different types of VOCs and mixtures with accuracies of 95.8 and 87.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the VSA has successfully been applied to identify the emissions from healthy plants and "plants with late blight" with an accuracy of 89%. The high levels of identifications show great potentials of the VSA for diagnosis of infectious plant diseases by detecting VOC biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Pang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengjiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Zhao Q, Jiang Y, Yuan Z, Duan Z, Zhang Y, Tai H. MXene复合气敏材料: 最新进展与未来挑战. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2021-1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Zhao Z, Qian X, Zhu H, Miao Y, Ye H. Synthesis of Accordion‐like Ti
3
CN MXene and its Structural Stability in Aqueous Solutions and Organic Solvents. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Zhao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P.R. China
- School of Engineering Lishui University Lishui 323000 Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - Xukun Qian
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P.R. China
- School of Engineering Lishui University Lishui 323000 Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - Hailin Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P.R. China
| | - Yigao Miao
- School of Engineering Lishui University Lishui 323000 Zhejiang P.R. China
| | - Hua Ye
- School of Engineering Lishui University Lishui 323000 Zhejiang P.R. China
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20
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Li J, Fu W, Lei Y, Li L, Zhu W, Zhang J. Oxygen-Vacancy-Induced Synaptic Plasticity in an Electrospun InGdO Nanofiber Transistor for a Gas Sensory System with a Learning Function. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8587-8597. [PMID: 35104096 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The perceptual learning function of a simulating human body is very important for constructing a neural computing system and a brainlike computer in the future. The sense of smell is an important part of the human sensory nervous system. However, current gas sensors simply convert gas concentrations into electrical signals and do not have the same learning and memory function as synapses. To solve this problem, we propose a new sensing idea to induce and activate the synaptic properties of transistors by adjusting the oxygen vacancy in the active layer. This sensor combines gas detection with synaptic memory and learning and overcomes the disadvantage of the separation of synaptic transistors and sensors, thus greatly reducing the cost of production. This work combines the detection of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) gas with the synaptic mechanism of human olfactory nerves. We successfully fabricated an InGdO nanofiber field-effect transistor by electrostatic spinning and simulated the response of human olfactory synapses to target gas by regulating the oxygen vacancy of the InGdO nanofiber. The synaptic transistor response under different concentrations of unmodulated pulses is tested, and the pavlovian conditioned reflex experiment is simulated successfully. This work provides a new idea of a gas sensor device, which is very important for the development of high-performance gas sensors and bionic electronic devices in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Fu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxing Lei
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Linkang Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China
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21
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Gao R, Wei XS, Zhao W, Xie A, Dong W. Machine learning-assisted array from fluorescent conjugated microporous polymers for multiple explosives recognition. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1192:339343. [PMID: 35057934 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescent properties of conjugated microporous polyphenylene (CMPs) were tuned through a wide range by inclusion of small amount of comonomer as chromophore in the network. The multi-color CMPs were used for explosives sensing and demonstrated broad sensitivity (ranging from -0.01888 μM-1 to -0.00467 μM-1) and LODs (ranging from 31.0 nM to 125.3 nM) against thirteen explosive compounds including nitroaromatics (NACs), nitramines (NAMs) and nitrogen-rich heterocycles (NRHCs). The CMPs were also developed as a sensor array for discrimination of thirteen explosives, specifically including NT, p-DNB, DNT, TNT, TNP, TNR, RDX, HMX, CL-20, FOX-7, NTO, DABT and DHT. By using classical statistical method "Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA)", the thirteen explosives at a fixed concentration were completely discriminated and unknown test samples were indentied with 88% classification accuracy. Moreover, explosives in different concentrations and the mixtures of explosives were also successfully classified. Compared with LDA, Machine Learning algorithms have significant advantages in analyzing the array-based sensing data. Different Machine Learning models for pattern recognition have also been implemented and discussed here and much higher accuracy (96% for "neural network") can be achieved in predicting unknown test samples after training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruru Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xiu-Shen Wei
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Aming Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wei Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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22
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Lu Y, Li D, Liu F. Characterizing the Chemical Structure of Ti 3C 2T x MXene by Angle-Resolved XPS Combined with Argon Ion Etching. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:307. [PMID: 35009453 PMCID: PMC8745820 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Angle-resolved XPS combined with argon ion etching was used to characterize the surface functional groups and the chemical structure of Ti3C2Tx MXene. Survey scanning obtained on the sample surface showed that the sample mainly contains C, O, Ti and F elements, and a little Al element. Analyzing the angle-resolved narrow scanning of these elements indicated that a layer of C and O atoms was adsorbed on the top surface of the sample, and there were many O or F related Ti bonds except Ti-C bond. XPS results obtained after argon ion etching indicated staggered distribution between C-Ti-C bond and O-Ti-C, F-Ti bond. It is confirmed that Ti atoms and C atoms were at the center layer of Ti3C2Tx MXene, while O atoms and F atoms were located at both the upper and lower surface of Ti3C2 layer acting as surface functional groups. The surface functional groups on the Ti3C2 layer were determined to include O2-, OH-, F- and O--F-, among which F atoms could also desorb from Ti3C2Tx MXene easily. The schematic atomic structure of Ti3C2Tx MXene was derived from the analysis of XPS results, being consistent with theoretical chemical structure and other experimental reports. The results showed that angle-resolved XPS combing with argon ion etching is a good way to analysis 2D thin layer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfan Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Dongsheng Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Fu Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
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23
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Hermawan A, Amrillah T, Riapanitra A, Ong W, Yin S. Prospects and Challenges of MXenes as Emerging Sensing Materials for Flexible and Wearable Breath-Based Biomarker Diagnosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100970. [PMID: 34318999 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A fully integrated, flexible, and functional sensing device for exhaled breath analysis drastically transforms conventional medical diagnosis to non-invasive, low-cost, real-time, and personalized health care. 2D materials based on MXenes offer multiple advantages for accurately detecting various breath biomarkers compared to conventional semiconducting oxides. High surface sensitivity, large surface-to-weight ratio, room temperature detection, and easy-to-assemble structures are vital parameters for such sensing devices in which MXenes have demonstrated all these properties both experimentally and theoretically. So far, MXenes-based flexible sensor is successfully fabricated at a lab-scale and is predicted to be translated into clinical practice within the next few years. This review presents a potential application of MXenes as emerging materials for flexible and wearable sensor devices. The biomarkers from exhaled breath are described first, with emphasis on metabolic processes and diseases indicated by abnormal biomarkers. Then, biomarkers sensing performances provided by MXenes families and the enhancement strategies are discussed. The method of fabrications toward MXenes integration into various flexible substrates is summarized. Finally, the fundamental challenges and prospects, including portable integration with Internet-of-Thing (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), are addressed to realize marketization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angga Hermawan
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology Shinshu University 3‐15‐1 Tokida Ueda Nagano 386‐8567 Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material (IMRAM) Tohoku University 2‐1‐1 Katahira, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8577 Japan
| | - Tahta Amrillah
- Department of Nanotechnology Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline Universitas Airlangga Surabaya 60115 Indonesia
| | - Anung Riapanitra
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Jenderal Soedirman University Purwokerto 53122 Indonesia
| | - Wee‐Jun Ong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Malaysia Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900 Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for NaNo Energy & Catalysis Technology (CONNECT) Xiamen University Malaysia Sepang Selangor Darul Ehsan 43900 Malaysia
| | - Shu Yin
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material (IMRAM) Tohoku University 2‐1‐1 Katahira, Aoba‐ku Sendai Miyagi 980‐8577 Japan
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Li D, Shao Y, Zhang Q, Qu M, Ping J, Fu Y, Xie J. A flexible virtual sensor array based on laser-induced graphene and MXene for detecting volatile organic compounds in human breath. Analyst 2021; 146:5704-5713. [PMID: 34515697 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01059j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in human breath is critical for the early diagnosis of diseases. Good selectivity of VOC sensors is crucial for the accurate analysis of VOC biomarkers in human breath, which consists of more than 200 types of VOCs. In this paper, a flexible virtual sensor array (FVSA) was proposed based on a sensing layer of MXene and laser-induced graphene interdigital electrodes (LIG-IDEs) for detecting VOCs in exhaled human breath. The fabrication of LIG-IDEs avoids the costly and complicated procedures required for the preparation of traditional IDEs. The FVSA's responses of multiple parameters help build a unique fingerprint for each VOC, without a need for changing the temperature of the sensing element, which is commonly used in the VSA of semiconductor VOC sensors. Based on machine learning algorithms, we have achieved highly precise recognition of different VOCs and mixtures and accurate prediction (accuracy of 89.1%) of the objective VOC's concentration in variable backgrounds using this proposed FVSA. Moreover, a blind analysis validates the capacity of the FVSA to identify alcohol content in human breath with an accuracy of 88.9% using breath samples from volunteers before and after alcohol consumption. These results show that the proposed FVSA is promising for the detection of VOC biomarkers in human exhaled breath and early diagnosis of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
| | - Yuzhou Shao
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
| | - Mengjiao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - YongQing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, University of Northumbria, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China.
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Abstract
Since MXene (a two-dimensional material) was discovered in 2011, it has been favored in all aspects due to its rich surface functional groups, large specific surface area, high conductivity, large porosity, rich organic bonds, and high hydrophilicity. In this paper, the preparation of MXene is introduced first. HF etching was the first etching method for MXene; however, HF is corrosive, resulting in the development of the in situ HF method (fluoride + HCl). Due to the harmful effects of fluorine terminal on the performance of MXene, a fluorine-free preparation method was developed. The increase in interlayer spacing brought about by adding an intercalator can affect MXene’s performance. The usual preparation methods render MXene inevitably agglomerate and the resulting yields are insufficient. Many new preparation methods were researched in order to solve the problems of agglomeration and yield. Secondly, the application of MXene-based materials in gas sensors was discussed. MXene is often regarded as a flexible gas sensor, and the detection of ppb-level acetone at room temperature was observed for the first time. After the formation of composite materials, the increasing interlayer spacing and the specific surface area increased the number of active sites of gas adsorption and the gas sensitivity performance improved. Moreover, this paper discusses the gas-sensing mechanism of MXene. The gas-sensing mechanism of metallic MXene is affected by the expansion of the lamellae and will be doped with H2O and oxygen during the etching process in order to become a p-type semiconductor. A p-n heterojunction and a Schottky barrier forms due to combinations with other semiconductors; thus, the gas sensitivities of composite materials are regulated and controlled by them. Although there are only several reports on the application of MXene materials to gas sensors, MXene and its composite materials are expected to become materials that can effectively detect gases at room temperature, especially for the detection of NH3 and VOC gas. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of MXene as a gas sensor are discussed.
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Biocompatible MXene (Ti 3C 2T x) Immobilized with Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide as an Electrochemical Transducer for Hydrogen Peroxide Detection in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12080862. [PMID: 34442484 PMCID: PMC8401909 DOI: 10.3390/mi12080862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a coenzyme and acts as a redox cofactor in metabolic process. Owing to such problems as poor electron transfer properties, unfavorable adsorption, and lack of stability on rigid electrodes, the bio-electrochemical applications of FAD have been limited. Herein, a novel fabrication method was developed for the immobilization process using 2D MXene (Ti3C2Tx), which enhanced the redox property of FAD and improved the electro-catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in neutral medium. The FAD-immobilized Ti3C2Tx electrode (FAD/Ti3C2Tx) was studied by UV-Visible and Raman spectroscopies, which confirmed the successful adsorption of FAD on the Ti3C2Tx surface. The surface morphology and the elemental composition of Ti3C2Tx were investigated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and the energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The redox property of the FAD/Ti3C2Tx modified glassy carbon electrode (FAD/Ti3C2Tx/GCE) was highly dependent on pH and exhibited a stable redox peak at −0.455 V in neutral medium. Higher amounts of FAD molecules were loaded onto the 2D MXene (Ti3C2Tx)-modified electrode, which was two times higher than the values in the reported work, and the surface coverage (ᴦFAD) was 0.8 × 10−10 mol/cm2. The FAD/Ti3C2Tx modified sensor showed the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 at −0.47 V, which was 130 mV lower than the bare electrode. The FAD/Ti3C2Tx/GCE sensor showed a linear detection of H2O2 from 5 nM to 2 µM. The optimization of FAD deposition, amount of Ti3C2Tx loading, effect of pH and the interference study with common biochemicals such as glucose, lactose, dopamine (DA), potassium chloride (KCl), ascorbic acid (AA), amino acids, uric acid (UA), oxalic acid (OA), sodium chloride (NaCl) and acetaminophen (PA) have been carried out. The FAD/Ti3C2Tx/GCE showed high selectivity and reproducibility. Finally, the FAD/Ti3C2Tx modified electrode was successfully applied to detect H2O2 in ovarian cancer cell lines.
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27
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Sun Y, Wang B, He X, Wang Y, Chen L, Zhu Y, Li G, Sun W. Fabrication of a Ti 3C 2T x modified glassy carbon electrode for the sensitive electrochemical detection of quercetin. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04046d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of MXene/GCE for the electrochemical determination of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Baoli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yitong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Yuxin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Guangjiu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry for Life Science of Ministry of Education, Shandong Key Laboratory of Biochemical Analysis, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Treatment and Resource Reuse of Hainan Province, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Photoelectrochemistry of Haikou, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
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