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Deng M, Zhang C, Yan W, Chen L, He B, Li Y. Development of Fluorescence-Based Assays for Key Viral Proteins in the SARS-CoV-2 Infection Process and Lifecycle. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2850. [PMID: 38474097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, the ensuing COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) pandemic has posed a significant threat to the global public health system, human health, life, and economic well-being. Researchers worldwide have devoted considerable efforts to curb its spread and development. The latest studies have identified five viral proteins, spike protein (Spike), viral main protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpro), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and viral helicase (Helicase), which play crucial roles in the invasion of SARS-CoV-2 into the human body and its lifecycle. The development of novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs targeting these five viral proteins holds immense promise. Therefore, the development of efficient, high-throughput screening methodologies specifically designed for these viral proteins is of utmost importance. Currently, a plethora of screening techniques exists, with fluorescence-based assays emerging as predominant contenders. In this review, we elucidate the foundational principles and methodologies underpinning fluorescence-based screening approaches directed at these pivotal viral targets, hoping to guide researchers in the judicious selection and refinement of screening strategies, thereby facilitating the discovery and development of lead compounds for anti-SARS-CoV-2 pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhenlong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Chuang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Wanli Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Bin He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
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2
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de Araujo WR, Lukas H, Torres MDT, Gao W, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Low-Cost Biosensor Technologies for Rapid Detection of COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1757-1777. [PMID: 38189684 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Many systems have been designed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus that causes COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is readily transmitted, resulting in the rapid spread of disease in human populations. Frequent testing at the point of care (POC) is a key aspect for controlling outbreaks caused by SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging pathogens, as the early identification of infected individuals can then be followed by appropriate measures of isolation or treatment, maximizing the chances of recovery and preventing infectious spread. Diagnostic tools used for high-frequency testing should be inexpensive, provide a rapid diagnostic response without sophisticated equipment, and be amenable to manufacturing on a large scale. The application of these devices should enable large-scale data collection, help control viral transmission, and prevent disease propagation. Here we review functional nanomaterial-based optical and electrochemical biosensors for accessible POC testing for COVID-19. These biosensors incorporate nanomaterials coupled with paper-based analytical devices and other inexpensive substrates, traditional lateral flow technology (antigen and antibody immunoassays), and innovative biosensing methods. We critically discuss the advantages and disadvantages of nanobiosensor-based approaches compared to widely used technologies such as PCR, ELISA, and LAMP. Moreover, we delineate the main technological, (bio)chemical, translational, and regulatory challenges associated with developing functional and reliable biosensors, which have prevented their translation into the clinic. Finally, we highlight how nanobiosensors, given their unique advantages over existing diagnostic tests, may help in future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Reis de Araujo
- Portable Chemical Sensors Lab, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Heather Lukas
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Marcelo D T Torres
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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3
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Park S, Lee J, Ahn KS, Shim HW, Yoon J, Hyun J, Lee JH, Jang S, Yoo KH, Jang Y, Kim T, Kim HK, Lee MR, Jang J, Shim H, Kim H. Cyclic Stretch Promotes Cellular Reprogramming Process through Cytoskeletal-Nuclear Mechano-Coupling and Epigenetic Modification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303395. [PMID: 37727069 PMCID: PMC10646259 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Advancing the technologies for cellular reprogramming with high efficiency has significant impact on regenerative therapy, disease modeling, and drug discovery. Biophysical cues can tune the cell fate, yet the precise role of external physical forces during reprogramming remains elusive. Here the authors show that temporal cyclic-stretching of fibroblasts significantly enhances the efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) production. Generated iPSCs are proven to express pluripotency markers and exhibit in vivo functionality. Bulk RNA-sequencing reveales that cyclic-stretching enhances biological characteristics required for pluripotency acquisition, including increased cell division and mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Of note, cyclic-stretching activates key mechanosensitive molecules (integrins, perinuclear actins, nesprin-2, and YAP), across the cytoskeletal-to-nuclear space. Furthermore, stretch-mediated cytoskeletal-nuclear mechano-coupling leads to altered epigenetic modifications, mainly downregulation in H3K9 methylation, and its global gene occupancy change, as revealed by genome-wide ChIP-sequencing and pharmacological inhibition tests. Single cell RNA-sequencing further identifies subcluster of mechano-responsive iPSCs and key epigenetic modifier in stretched cells. Collectively, cyclic-stretching activates iPSC reprogramming through mechanotransduction process and epigenetic changes accompanied by altered occupancy of mechanosensitive genes. This study highlights the strong link between external physical forces with subsequent mechanotransduction process and the epigenetic changes with expression of related genes in cellular reprogramming, holding substantial implications in the field of cell biology, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.
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4
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Ni X, Tang X, Wang D, Zhang J, Zhao L, Gao J, He H, Dramou P. Research progress of sensors based on molecularly imprinted polymers in analytical and biomedical analysis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 235:115659. [PMID: 37657406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have had tremendous impact on biomimetic recognition due to their precise specificity and high affinity comparable to that of antibodies, which has shown the great advantages of easy preparation, good stability and low cost. The combination of MIPs with other analytical technologies can not only achieve rapid extraction and sensitive detection of target compounds, improving the level of analysis, but also achieve precise targeted delivery, in-vivo imaging and other applications. Among them, the recognition mechanism plays a vital role in chemical and biological sensing, while the improvement of the recognition element, such as the addition of new nanomaterials, can greatly improve the analytical performance of the sensor, especially in terms of selectivity. Currently, due to the need for rapid diagnosis and improved sensing properties (such as selectivity, stability, and cost-effectiveness), researchers are investigating new recognition elements and their combinations to improve the recognition capabilities of chemical sensing and bio-sensing. Therefore, this review mainly discusses the design strategies of optical sensors, electrochemical sensors and photoelectric sensors with molecular imprinting technology and their applications in environmental systems, food fields, drug detection and biology including bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ni
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xue Tang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Linjie Zhao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hua He
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Pierre Dramou
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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5
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Liu S, Xie T, Huang Z, Pei X, Li S, He Y, Tong Y, Liu G. Systematically investigating the fluorescent signal readout of CRISPR-Cas12a for highly sensitive SARS-CoV-2 detection. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2022; 373:132746. [PMID: 36212739 PMCID: PMC9527496 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2022.132746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas system is widely used for molecular diagnostics after the discovery of trans-cleavage activity, especially now with the COVID-19 outbreak. However, the majority of contemporary trans-cleavage activity-based CRISPR/Cas biosensors exploited standard single-strand DNA (ssDNA) reporters, which were based on the FRET principle from pioneering research. An in-depth comparison and understanding of various fluorescent readout types are essential to facilitate the outstanding analytical performance of CRISPR probes. We investigated various types of fluorescent reporters of Cas12a comprehensively. Results show that trans-cleavage of Cas12a is not limited to ssDNA and dsDNA reporters, but can be extended to molecular beacons (MB). And MB reporters can achieve superior analytical performance compared with ssDNA and ds DNA reporters at the same conditions. Accordingly, we developed a highly-sensitive SARS-CoV-2 detection with the sensitivity as low as 100 fM were successfully achieved without amplification strategy. The model target of ORF1a could robustly identify the current widespread emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. A real coronavirus GX/P2V instead of SARS-CoV-2 were chosen for practical application validation. And a minimum of 27 copies/mL was achieved successfully. This inspiration can also be applied to other Cas proteins with trans-cleavage activity, which provides new perspectives for simple, highly-sensitive and universal molecular diagnosis in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Tie Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Zhaohe Huang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Pei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Shujing Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Yifan He
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering and Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Guoqi Liu
- Biotecnovo (Beijing) Co.,LTD, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, PR China
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6
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Gul I, Zhai S, Zhong X, Chen Q, Yuan X, Du Z, Chen Z, Raheem MA, Deng L, Leeansyah E, Zhang C, Yu D, Qin P. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2-Based Biosensing Modalities and Devices for Coronavirus Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:984. [PMID: 36354493 PMCID: PMC9688389 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and cost-effective diagnostic tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are a critical and valuable weapon for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic response. SARS-CoV-2 invasion is primarily mediated by human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). Recent developments in ACE2-based SARS-CoV-2 detection modalities accentuate the potential of this natural host-virus interaction for developing point-of-care (POC) COVID-19 diagnostic systems. Although research on harnessing ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 detection is in its infancy, some interesting biosensing devices have been developed, showing the commercial viability of this intriguing new approach. The exquisite performance of the reported ACE2-based COVID-19 biosensors provides opportunities for researchers to develop rapid detection tools suitable for virus detection at points of entry, workplaces, or congregate scenarios in order to effectively implement pandemic control and management plans. However, to be considered as an emerging approach, the rationale for ACE2-based biosensing needs to be critically and comprehensively surveyed and discussed. Herein, we review the recent status of ACE2-based detection methods, the signal transduction principles in ACE2 biosensors and the development trend in the future. We discuss the challenges to development of ACE2-biosensors and delineate prospects for their use, along with recommended solutions and suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ijaz Gul
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shiyao Zhai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhong
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qun Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhicheng Du
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenglin Chen
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Muhammad Akmal Raheem
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Edwin Leeansyah
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Canyang Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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7
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Castro ACH, Bezerra ÍRS, Pascon AM, da Silva GH, Philot EA, de Oliveira VL, Mancini RSN, Schleder GR, Castro CE, de Carvalho LRS, Fernandes BHV, Cilli EM, Sanches PRS, Santhiago M, Charlie-Silva I, Martinez DST, Scott AL, Alves WA, Lima RS. Modular Label-Free Electrochemical Biosensor Loading Nature-Inspired Peptide toward the Widespread Use of COVID-19 Antibody Tests. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14239-14253. [PMID: 35969505 PMCID: PMC9397565 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Limitations of the recognition elements in terms of synthesis, cost, availability, and stability have impaired the translation of biosensors into practical use. Inspired by nature to mimic the molecular recognition of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 S protein antibody (AbS) by the S protein binding site, we synthesized the peptide sequence of Asn-Asn-Ala-Thr-Asn-COOH (abbreviated as PEP2003) to create COVID-19 screening label-free (LF) biosensors based on a carbon electrode, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PEP2003 is easily obtained by chemical synthesis, and it can be adsorbed on electrodes while maintaining its ability for AbS recognition, further leading to a sensitivity 3.4-fold higher than the full-length S protein, which is in agreement with the increase in the target-to-receptor size ratio. Peptide-loaded LF devices based on noncovalent immobilization were developed by affording fast and simple analyses, along with a modular functionalization. From studies by molecular docking, the peptide-AbS binding was found to be driven by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, the peptide is not amenable to denaturation, thus addressing the trade-off between scalability, cost, and robustness. The biosensor preserves 95.1% of the initial signal for 20 days when stored dry at 4 °C. With the aid of two simple equations fitted by machine learning (ML), the method was able to make the COVID-19 screening of 39 biological samples into healthy and infected groups with 100.0% accuracy. By taking advantage of peptide-related merits combined with advances in surface chemistry and ML-aided accuracy, this platform is promising to bring COVID-19 biosensors into mainstream use toward straightforward, fast, and accurate analyses at the point of care, with social and economic impacts being achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. H. Castro
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Ítalo R. S. Bezerra
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Aline M. Pascon
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Gabriela H. da Silva
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Eric A. Philot
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Vivian L. de Oliveira
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute,
University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São
Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. N. Mancini
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R. Schleder
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138,
United States
| | - Carlos E. Castro
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo M. Cilli
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo
State University, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-900,
Brazil
| | - Paulo R. S. Sanches
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo
State University, Araraquara, São Paulo 14800-900,
Brazil
| | - Murilo Santhiago
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Ives Charlie-Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences,
University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São
Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Diego S. T. Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ana L. Scott
- Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Wendel A. Alves
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Renato S. Lima
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory,
Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials,
Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences,
Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of
Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970,
Brazil
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry,
University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São
Paulo 09210-580, Brazil
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8
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Georgas A, Agiannis K, Papakosta V, Priftis P, Angelopoulos S, Ferraro A, Hristoforou E. A Biosensor Platform for Point-of-Care SARS-CoV-2 Screening. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:487. [PMID: 35884290 PMCID: PMC9312522 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic remains a constant threat to human health, the economy, and social relations. Scientists around the world are constantly looking for new technological tools to deal with the pandemic. Such tools are the rapid virus detection tests, which are constantly evolving and optimizing. This paper presents a biosensor platform for the rapid detection of spike protein both in laboratory conditions and in swab samples from hospitalized patients. It is a continuation and improvement of our previous work and consists of a microcontroller-based readout circuit, which measures the capacitance change generated in an interdigitated electrode transducer by the presence either of sole spike protein or the presence of SARS-CoV-2 particles in swab samples. The circuit efficiency is calibrated by its correlation with the capacitance measurement of an LCR (inductance (L), capacitance (C), and resistance (R)) meter. The test result is made available in less than 2 min through the microcontroller's LCD (liquid-crystal display) screen, whereas at the same time, the collected data are sent wirelessly to a mobile application interface. The novelty of this research lies in the potential it offers for continuous and effective screening of SARS-CoV-2 patients, which is facilitated and enhanced, providing big data statistics of COVID-19 in terms of space and time. This device can be used by individuals for SARS-CoV-2 testing at home, by health professionals for patient monitoring, and by public health agencies for monitoring the spatio-temporal spread of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Georgas
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (K.A.); (V.P.); (P.P.); (S.A.); (A.F.); (E.H.)
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9
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Amouzadeh Tabrizi M, Fernández-Blázquez JP, Medina DM, Acedo P. An ultrasensitive molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor for the determination of SARS-CoV-2-RBD by using macroporous gold screen-printed electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 196:113729. [PMID: 34736101 PMCID: PMC8547854 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensor for the determination of the receptor-binding domain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2-RBD) has been developed. For this purpose, first, a macroporous gold screen-printed electrode (MP-Au-SPE) has been fabricated. The MIP was then synthesized on the surface of the MP-Au-SPE through the electro-polymerization of ortho-phenylenediamine in the presence of SARS-CoV-2-RBD molecules as matrix polymer, and template molecules, respectively. During the fabrication process, the SARS-CoV-2-RBD molecules were embedded in the polymer matrix. Subsequently, the template molecules were removed from the electrode by using alkaline ethanol. The template molecules removal was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (ATR). The fabricated MIP film acted as an artificial recognition element for the measurement of SARS-CoV-2-RBD. The EIS technique was used for the measurement of the SARS-CoV-2-RBD in the saliva solution. The electron transfer resistance (Ret) of the MIP-based sensor in a ferri/ferrocyanide solution increased as the SARS-CoV-2-RBD concentration increased due to the occupation of the imprinted cavities by the SARS-CoV-2-RBD. The MIP-based sensor exhibited a good response to the SARS-CoV-2-RBD in the concentration range between 2.0 and 40.0 pg mL-1 with a limit of detection of 0.7 pg mL-1. The obtained results showed that the fabricated MIP sensor has high selectivity sensitivity, and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pablo Acedo
- Electronic Technology Department, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Leganés, Spain.
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10
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Park S, Kim H, Woo K, Kim JM, Jo HJ, Jeong Y, Lee KH. SARS-CoV-2 Variant Screening Using a Virus-Receptor-Based Electrical Biosensor. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:50-57. [PMID: 34962130 PMCID: PMC8751015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants are of particular interest because they can potentially increase the transmissibility and virulence of COVID-19 or reduce the effectiveness of available vaccines. However, screening SARS-CoV-2 variants is a challenge because biosensors target viral components that can mutate. One promising strategy is to screen variants via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a virus receptor shared by all known SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here we designed a highly sensitive and portable COVID-19 screening biosensor based on the virus receptor. We chose a dual-gate field-effect transistor to overcome the low sensitivity of virus-receptor-based biosensors. To optimize the biosensor, we introduced a synthetic virus that mimics the important features of SARS-CoV-2 (size, bilayer structure, and composition). The developed biosensor successfully detected SARS-CoV-2 in 20 min and showed sensitivity comparable to that of molecular diagnostic tests (∼165 copies/mL). Our results indicate that a virus-receptor-based biosensor can be an effective strategy for screening infectious diseases to prevent pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwook Park
- Biomaterials
Research Center, Korea Institute of Science
and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojun Kim
- Biomaterials
Research Center, Korea Institute of Science
and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Woo
- Biomaterials
Research Center, Korea Institute of Science
and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Min Kim
- Division
of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Korea Disease
Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jun Jo
- Division
of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Korea Disease
Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngdo Jeong
- Biomaterials
Research Center, Korea Institute of Science
and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department
of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Hyi Lee
- Biomaterials
Research Center, Korea Institute of Science
and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST
Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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11
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Screening of potential spike glycoprotein / ACE2 dual antagonists against COVID-19 in silico molecular docking. J Virol Methods 2021; 301:114424. [PMID: 34896453 PMCID: PMC8660130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease has spread rapidly and caused sustained pressure on economic and medical resources to many countries. Vaccines and effective drugs are needed to fight against the epidemic. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) plays an important and effective role in the treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, the active components of TCM are potential structural basis for the discovery of antiviral drugs. Through screening by molecular docking, Oleanolic acid, Tryptanthrin, Chrysophanol and Rhein were found to have better spike protein and ACE2 inhibitory activity, which could block the invasion and recognition of SARS-CoV-2 at the same time, should be investigated as antiviral candidates.
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Zhang Y, Chen H, Zou M, Oerlemans R, Shao C, Ren Y, Zhang R, Huang X, Li G, Cong Y. Hypericin Inhibit Alpha-Coronavirus Replication by Targeting 3CL Protease. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091825. [PMID: 34578406 PMCID: PMC8473218 DOI: 10.3390/v13091825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an Alphacoronavirus (α-CoV) that causes high mortality in infected piglets, resulting in serious economic losses in the farming industry. Hypericin is a dianthrone compound that has been shown as an antiviral activity on several viruses. Here, we first evaluated the antiviral effect of hypericin in PEDV and found the viral replication and egression were significantly reduced with hypericin post-treatment. As hypericin has been shown in SARS-CoV-2 that it is bound to viral 3CLpro, we thus established a molecular docking between hypericin and PEDV 3CLpro using different software and found hypericin bound to 3CLpro through two pockets. These binding pockets were further verified by another docking between hypericin and PEDV 3CLpro pocket mutants, and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay confirmed that hypericin inhibits the PEDV 3CLpro activity. Moreover, the alignments of α-CoV 3CLpro sequences or crystal structure revealed that the pockets mediating hypericin and PEDV 3CLpro binding were highly conserved, especially in transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). We then validated the anti-TGEV effect of hypericin through viral replication and egression. Overall, our results push forward that hypericin was for the first time shown to have an inhibitory effect on PEDV and TGEV by targeting 3CLpro, and it deserves further attention as not only a pan-anti-α-CoV compound but potentially also as a compound of other coronaviral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (R.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Huijie Chen
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (R.Z.); (X.H.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Agriculture Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China
| | - Mengmeng Zou
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (R.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Rick Oerlemans
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Changhao Shao
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (R.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Yudong Ren
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, College of Electrical and Information Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China;
| | - Ruili Zhang
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (R.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (R.Z.); (X.H.)
| | - Guangxing Li
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (R.Z.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yingying Cong
- Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.Z.); (H.C.); (M.Z.); (C.S.); (R.Z.); (X.H.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (Y.C.)
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