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Meliana C, Liu J, Show PL, Low SS. Biosensor in smart food traceability system for food safety and security. Bioengineered 2024; 15:2310908. [PMID: 38303521 PMCID: PMC10841032 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2024.2310908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of food contamination and food wastage has significantly contributed to the increased prevalence of foodborne disease and food insecurity all over the world. Due to this, there is an urgent need to develop a smarter food traceability system. Recent advancements in biosensors that are easy-to-use, rapid yet selective, sensitive, and cost-effective have shown great promise to meet the critical demand for onsite and immediate diagnosis and treatment of food safety and quality control (i.e. point-of-care technology). This review article focuses on the recent development of different biosensors for food safety and quality monitoring. In general, the application of biosensors in agriculture (i.e. pre-harvest stage) for early detection and routine control of plant infections or stress is discussed. Afterward, a more detailed advancement of biosensors in the past five years within the food supply chain (i.e. post-harvest stage) to detect different types of food contaminants and smart food packaging is highlighted. A section that discusses perspectives for the development of biosensors in the future is also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Meliana
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- College of Automation Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, Jilin Province, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi Municipality, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sze Shin Low
- Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
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Wang S, Zhou Z, Cao M, Pan Y, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Sun Q, Lei X, Le T. A comprehensive review of aptamer screening and application for lateral flow strip: Current status and future perspectives. Talanta 2024; 275:126181. [PMID: 38692047 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The detection of biomarkers is of great significance for medical diagnosis, food safety, environmental monitoring, and agriculture. However, bio-detection technology at present often necessitates complex instruments, expensive reagents, specialized expertise, and prolonged procedures, making it challenging to fulfill the demand for rapid, sensitive, user-friendly, and economical testing. In contrast, lateral flow strip (LFS) technology offers simple, fast, and visually accessible detection modality, allowing real-time analysis of clinical specimens, thus finding widespread utility across various domains. Within the realm of LFS, the application of aptamers as molecular recognition probes presents distinct advantages over antibodies, including cost-effectiveness, smaller size, ease of synthesis, and chemical stability. In recent years, aptamer-based LFS has found extensive application in qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative detection across food safety, environmental surveillance, clinical diagnostics, and other domains. This review provided a concise overview of different aptamer screening methodologies, selection strategies, underlying principles, and procedural, elucidating their respective advantages, limitations, and applications. Additionally, we summarized recent strategies and mechanisms for aptamer-based LFS, such as the sandwich and competitive methods. Furthermore, we classified LFSs constructed based on aptamers, considering the rapid advancements in this area, and discussed their applications in biological and chemical detection. Finally, we delved into the current challenges and future directions in the development of aptamer and aptamer-based LFS. Although this review was not thoroughly, it would serve as a valuable reference for understanding the research progress of aptamer-based LFS and aid in the development of new types of aptasensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Mingdong Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yangwei Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yu Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xianlu Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Tao Le
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Rapid Detection of Food Quality and Safety, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Freshwater Fishes, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
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Li X, Yang Z, Waniss M, Liu X, Wang X, Xu Z, Lei H, Liu J. Multiplexed SELEX for Sulfonamide Antibiotics Yielding a Group-Specific DNA Aptamer for Biosensors. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16366-16373. [PMID: 37882488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of sulfonamide (SA) antibiotics in animal husbandry has led to residues of SAs in the environment, causing adverse effects to the ecosystem and a risk of bacterial resistance, which is a potential threat to public health. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop simple, high-throughput methods that can detect multiple SAs simultaneously. In this study, we isolated aptamers with different specificities based on a multi-SA systematic evolution of ligands by the exponential enrichment (SELEX) strategy using a mixture of sulfadimethoxine (SDM), sulfaquinoxaline (SQX), and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ). Three aptamers were obtained, and one of them showed a similar binding to all tested SAs, with dissociation constant (Kd) ranging from 0.22 to 0.63 μM. For the other two aptamers, one is specific for SQX, and the other is specific for SDM and sulfaclozine. A label-free detection method based on the broad-specificity aptamer was developed for the simultaneous detection of six SAs, with detection of limits ranging from 0.14 to 0.71 μM in a lake water sample. The aptasensor has no binding for other broad-spectrum antibiotics such as β-lactam antibiotics, quinolones, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol. This work provides a promising biosensor for rapid, multiresidue, and high-throughput detection of SAs, as well as a shortcut for the preparation of different specific recognition elements required for the detection of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zehao Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Michelle Waniss
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhenlin Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juewen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Zheng X, Yang L, Sun Q, Zhang L, Le T. Development and Validation of Aptasensor Based on MnO 2 for the Detection of Sulfadiazine Residues. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:613. [PMID: 37366978 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of sulfadiazine (SDZ) is of great significance for food safety, environmental protection, and human health. In this study, a fluorescent aptasensor based on MnO2 and FAM-labeled SDZ aptamer (FAM-SDZ30-1) was developed for the sensitive and selective detection of SDZ in food and environmental samples. MnO2 nanosheets adsorbed rapidly to the aptamer through its electrostatic interaction with the base, providing the basis for an ultrasensitive SDZ detection. Molecular dynamics was used to explain the combination of SMZ1S and SMZ. This fluorescent aptasensor exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity with a limit of detection of 3.25 ng/mL and a linear range of 5-40 ng/mL. The recoveries ranged from 87.19% to 109.26% and the coefficients of variation ranged from 3.13% to 13.14%. In addition, the results of the aptasensor showed an excellent correlation with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Therefore, this aptasensor based on MnO2 is a potentially useful methodology for highly sensitive and selective detection of SDZ in foods and environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lulan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tao Le
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Wen X, Yan X, Zheng X, Kou Q, Yang L, Tang J, Chen X, Xie Y, Le T. Selection and truncation of aptamers as fluorescence sensing platforms for selective and sensitive detection of nitrofurazone. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1252:341044. [PMID: 36935137 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Nitrofurazone (NFZ) is an antibiotic banned in many countries, as its residue seriously harms the human body. Herein, anti-NFZ aptamers were selected and identified based on the magnetic bead SELEX technique using a ssDNA library with a full length of 90 nucleotides (nt). Five full sequence candidate aptamers (NFZ8, NFZ24, NFZ28, NFZ34, and NFZ70) were obtained by secondary structure analysis. We optimized the entire sequence to obtain a truncated aptamer, a 16 nt sequence (NFZ8-1:5'-GTTCTATTGAAAAAAC-3') that showed the highest affinity for NFZ (Kd = 76.11 nM). The binding site of NFZ and aptamer NFZ8-1 was found to be "GAA" by molecular docking. In addition, utilizing the most special truncated aptamer NFZ8-1 as the identification probe, a graphene oxide fluorescent aptasensor is an innovative for the detection of NFZ residue that showed a wide linear reach from 1.25 to 160 ng/mL and a low limit of detection of 1.13 ng/mL. In the actual water environment sample detection, the recovery rate ranged from 95.21 to 113.66%, and the coefficient of variation ranged from 3.53 to 11.24%. These results demonstrate that the NFZ-truncated aptamer applied to the aptasensor provides a novel methodology for recognizing NFZ residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wen
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Xueling Yan
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Zheng
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Qiming Kou
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Lulan Yang
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Jiaming Tang
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Xingyue Chen
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Yong Xie
- Bioassay 3D Reconstruction Laboratory, Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing, 401331, PR China
| | - Tao Le
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, PR China.
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Foroozandeh A, Abdouss M, SalarAmoli H, Pourmadadi M, Yazdian F. An electrochemical aptasensor based on g-C3N4/Fe3O4/PANI Nanocomposite applying cancer antigen_125 biomarkers detection. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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High-Sensitive FAM Labeled Aptasensor Based on Fe3O4/Au/g-C3N4 for the Detection of Sulfamethazine in Food Matrix. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090759. [PMID: 36140144 PMCID: PMC9496674 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a fluorescent aptasensor based on Fe3O4/Au/g-C3N4 and a FAM-labeled aptamer (FAM-SMZ1S) against sulfamethazine (SMZ) for the specific and sensitive detection of SMZ in food matrix. The FAM-SMZ1S was adsorbed by the Fe3O4/Au/g-C3N4 via π–π stacking and electrostatic adsorption, serving as a basis for the ultrasensitive detection of SMZ. Molecular dynamics was used to explain the reasons why SMZ1S and SMZ were combined. This aptasensor presented sensitive recognition performance, with a limit of detection of 0.16 ng/mL and a linear range of 1–100 ng/mL. The recovery rate ranged from 91.6% to 106.8%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 2.8% to 13.4%. In addition, we tested the aptasensor for the monitoring of SMZ in various matrix samples, and the results were well-correlated (R2 ≥ 0.9153) with those obtained for HPLC detection. According to these results, the aptasensor was sensitive and accurate, representing a potentially useful tool for the detection of SMZ in food matrix.
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Yang L, Chen X, Wen X, Tang J, Zheng X, Li J, Chen L, Jiang S, Le T. A label-free dual-modal aptasensor for colorimetric and fluorescent detection of sulfadiazine. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6187-6193. [PMID: 35894788 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01115h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfadiazine (SDZ) residues in food products and the environment pose a serious threat to human health and ecological balance, thereby warranting the development of new methods for simple, rapid and accurate detection of these compounds. To this end, we developed a novel label-free dual-modal aptasensor for SDZ detection based on distance-dependent color change of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer between AuNPs and rhodamine B (RhoB). In this aptasensor, the binding of the aptamer to SDZ causes unprotected AuNPs to aggregate in NaCl solution, which alters the color of the solution and restores the fluorescence of RhoB. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor exhibited a linear colorimetric response in the SDZ concentration range of 50-1000 ng mL-1, and a linear fluorescence response in the SDZ concentration range of 4-256 ng mL-1. The limits of detection for colorimetric and fluorescent readings were 28 ng mL-1 and 2 ng mL-1 respectively. The recoveries of SDZ in the spiked real samples were 88.28-108.44% by colorimetry and 90.27-106.04% by fluorometry. Furthermore, the results of this aptasensor showed excellent correlation (R2 ≥ 0.9858) with HPLC findings. Taken together, these experimental results demonstrate that the proposed label-free dual-modal aptasensor can be employed to screen for SDZ contamination in food and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Xingyue Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Wen
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaming Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaoling Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Lingling Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Tao Le
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
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Chen X, Yang L, Tang J, Wen X, Zheng X, Chen L, Li J, Xie Y, Le T. An AuNPs-Based Fluorescent Sensor with Truncated Aptamer for Detection of Sulfaquinoxaline in Water. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070513. [PMID: 35884316 PMCID: PMC9312917 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a novel truncation technique for aptamer sequences to fabricate highly sensitive aptasensors based on molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The binding mechanism and energy composition of the aptamer/sulfaquinoxaline (SQX) complexes were investigated. We successfully obtained a new SQX-specific aptamer (SBA28-1: CCCTAGGGG) with high affinity (Kd = 27.36 nM) and high specificity determined using graphene oxide. This aptamer has a unique stem-loop structure that can bind to SQX. Then, we fabricated a fluorescence aptasensor based on SBA28-1, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and rhodamine B (RhoB) that presented a good linear range of 1.25–160 ng/mL and a limit of detection of 1.04 ng/mL. When used to analyze water samples, the aptasensor presented acceptable recovery rates of 93.1–100.1% and coefficients of variation (CVs) of 2.2–10.2%. In conclusion, the fluorescence aptasensor can accurately and sensitively detect SQX in water samples and has good application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Chen
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.C.); (L.Y.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Lulan Yang
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.C.); (L.Y.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiaming Tang
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.C.); (L.Y.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Xu Wen
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.C.); (L.Y.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Xiaoling Zheng
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.C.); (L.Y.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Lingling Chen
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.C.); (L.Y.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiaqi Li
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.C.); (L.Y.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.)
| | - Yong Xie
- Bioassay 3D Reconstruction Laboratory, Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing 401331, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (T.L.)
| | - Tao Le
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China; (X.C.); (L.Y.); (J.T.); (X.W.); (X.Z.); (L.C.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (T.L.)
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A novel fluorescent aptasensor based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles for the selective detection of sulfadiazine in edible tissue. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Divya, Dkhar DS, Kumari R, Mahapatra S, Kumar R, Chandra P. Ultrasensitive Aptasensors for the Detection of Viruses Based on Opto-Electrochemical Readout Systems. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:81. [PMID: 35200341 PMCID: PMC8869721 DOI: 10.3390/bios12020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are becoming the foremost driver of morbidity, mortality and economic loss all around the world. Treatment for diseases associated to some deadly viruses are challenging tasks, due to lack of infrastructure, finance and availability of rapid, accurate and easy-to-use detection methods or devices. The emergence of biosensors has proven to be a success in the field of diagnosis to overcome the challenges associated with traditional methods. Furthermore, the incorporation of aptamers as bio-recognition elements in the design of biosensors has paved a way towards rapid, cost-effective, and specific detection devices which are insensitive to changes in the environment. In the last decade, aptamers have emerged to be suitable and efficient biorecognition elements for the detection of different kinds of analytes, such as metal ions, small and macro molecules, and even cells. The signal generation in the detection process depends on different parameters; one such parameter is whether the labelled molecule is incorporated or not for monitoring the sensing process. Based on the labelling, biosensors are classified as label or label-free; both have their significant advantages and disadvantages. Here, we have primarily reviewed the advantages for using aptamers in the transduction system of sensing devices. Furthermore, the labelled and label-free opto-electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of various kinds of viruses have been discussed. Moreover, numerous globally developed aptasensors for the sensing of different types of viruses have been illustrated and explained in tabulated form.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; (D.); (D.S.D.); (R.K.); (S.M.); (R.K.)
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