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Shiu WC, Liu ZS, Chen BY, Ku YW, Chen PW. Evaluation of a Standard Dietary Regimen Combined with Heat-Inactivated Lactobacillus gasseri HM1, Lactoferrin-Producing HM1, and Their Sonication-Inactivated Variants in the Management of Metabolic Disorders in an Obesity Mouse Model. Foods 2024; 13:1079. [PMID: 38611383 PMCID: PMC11011380 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of incorporating various inactivated probiotic formulations, with or without recombinant lactoferrin (LF) expression, into a standard chow diet on metabolic-related disorders in obese mice. After inducing obesity through a 13-week high-fat diet followed by a standard chow diet, mice received daily oral administrations of different probiotics for 6 weeks using the oral gavage approach. These probiotic formulations consisted of a placebo (MRS), heat-inactivated Lactobacillus gasseri HM1 (HK-HM1), heat-killed LF-expression HM1 (HK-HM1/LF), sonication-killed HM1 (SK-HM1), and sonication-killed LF-expression HM1 (SK-HM1/LF). The study successfully induced obesity, resulting in worsened glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, the regular diet alone improved glucose tolerance, and the addition of inactivated probiotics further enhanced this effect, with SK-HM1/LF demonstrating the most noticeable improvement. However, while regular dietary intervention alone improved insulin sensitivity, probiotic supplementation did not provide additional benefits in this aspect. Inflammation in perirenal and epididymal fat tissues was partially alleviated by the regular diet and further improved by probiotics, particularly by SK-HM1, which showed the most significant reduction. Additionally, HK-HM1 and HK-HM1/LF supplements could contribute to the improvement of serum total triglycerides or total cholesterol, respectively. Overall, incorporating inactivated probiotics into a regular diet may enhance metabolic indices, and recombinant LF may offer potential benefits for improving glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Shiu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (W.-C.S.); (B.-Y.C.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Zhen-Shu Liu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan;
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Center for Sustainability and Energy Technologies, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yuan Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (W.-C.S.); (B.-Y.C.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Yu-We Ku
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (W.-C.S.); (B.-Y.C.); (Y.-W.K.)
- Animal and Plant Disease Control Center Yilan County, Wujie Township, Yilan County 268015, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan; (W.-C.S.); (B.-Y.C.); (Y.-W.K.)
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Reichmann MTF, Duarte A, Ivano F, Campos ACL. Evolution of the basal metabolic rate after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Updates Surg 2023:10.1007/s13304-023-01523-6. [PMID: 37145227 DOI: 10.1007/s13304-023-01523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients who undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) exhibit a reduction in total basal metabolic rate (BMR) after surgery, which seems to be intimately related to the amount of postoperative weight loss. The objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to determine and evaluate BMR changes after RYGB. The search was performed in certified databases, and the strategy was structured according to the PRISMA ScR. The quality evaluation of the articles included in this review was assessed with two different bias risk tools (ROBINS-I and NIH) according to each study design. Two meta-analyses were elaborated based on the results. 163 articles were selected (from 2016 to 2020), and 9 articles met the inclusion criteria. All of the selected studies evaluated only adult patients, mostly women. Postoperative BMR diminished in all of the included studies after surgery compared to preoperative values. The follow-up periods were 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Eight articles were used for the meta-analysis after the quality assessment, a total of 434 participants. Compared to baseline values, mean postoperative reductions of 356.66 kcal/d after 6 months (p < 0.001) and 432.89 kcal/d (p < 0.001) after 1 year were observed. The BMR decreases during the first years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, especially during the first year postsurgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T F Reichmann
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua General Carneiro, 181, Centro, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Alexia Duarte
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua General Carneiro, 181, Centro, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Flavio Ivano
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná (PUCPR), Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos L Campos
- Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Rua General Carneiro, 181, Centro, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Vliora M, Ravelli C, Grillo E, Corsini M, Flouris AD, Mitola S. The impact of adipokines on vascular networks in adipose tissue. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 69:61-72. [PMID: 35953434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly active and plastic endocrine organ. It secretes numerous soluble molecules known as adipokines, which act locally to AT control the remodel and homeostasis or exert pleiotropic functions in different peripheral organs. Aberrant production or loss of certain adipokines contributes to AT dysfunction associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity. The AT plasticity is strictly related to tissue vascularization. Angiogenesis supports the AT expansion, while regression of blood vessels is associated with AT hypoxia, which in turn mediates tissue inflammation, fibrosis and metabolic dysfunction. Several adipokines can regulate endothelial cell functions and are endowed with either pro- or anti-angiogenic properties. Here we address the role of adipokines in the regulation of angiogenesis. A better understanding of the link between adipokines and angiogenesis will open the way for novel therapeutic approaches to treat obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vliora
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andreas D Flouris
- FAME Laboratory, Department of Exercise Science, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Via Branze 39, Brescia, Italy.
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Gut microbiota-bile acid crosstalk contributes to the rebound weight gain after calorie restriction in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2060. [PMID: 35440584 PMCID: PMC9018700 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29589-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) and fasting are common approaches to weight reduction, but the maintenance is difficult after resuming food consumption. Meanwhile, the gut microbiome associated with energy harvest alters dramatically in response to nutrient deprivation. Here, we reported that CR and high-fat diet (HFD) both remodeled the gut microbiota with similar microbial composition, Parabacteroides distasonis was most significantly decreased after CR or HFD. CR altered microbiota and reprogramed metabolism, resulting in a distinct serum bile acid profile characterized by depleting the proportion of non-12α-hydroxylated bile acids, ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. Downregulation of UCP1 expression in brown adipose tissue and decreased serum GLP-1 were observed in the weight-rebound mice. Moreover, treatment with Parabacteroides distasonis or non-12α-hydroxylated bile acids ameliorated weight regain via increased thermogenesis. Our results highlighted the gut microbiota-bile acid crosstalk in rebound weight gain and Parabacteroides distasonis as a potential probiotic to prevent rapid post-CR weight gain. Caloric restriction is a common approach to weight reduction, however, weight regain is common. Here the authors report that caloric restriction reduces the abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis in the gut and alters serum bile acid (BA) profile, which contribute to weight regain in mice.
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Giudici KV, Guyonnet S, Morley JE, Nguyen AD, Aggarwal G, Parini A, Li Y, Bateman RJ, Vellas B, de Souto Barreto P. Interactions Between Weight Loss and Plasma Neurodegenerative Markers for Determining Cognitive Decline Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1159-1168. [PMID: 35034116 PMCID: PMC9159663 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the interaction between weight loss (WL) and plasma amyloid-β 42/40 (Aβ 42/40), neurofilament light chain (NfL), progranulin, and their association with cognitive decline over time among older adults. This 5-year observational approach included 470 participants from the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial, mean age 76.8 years (SD = 4.5), 59.4% women. WL was defined as ≥5% decrease over the first year. Biomarkers were measured at 12 months. Cognitive function was assessed yearly from 12 months onward by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); Clinical Dementia Rating sum of boxes (CDR-SB); a composite score based on Category Naming Test; Digit Symbol Substitution Test; 10 MMSE orientation items (MMSEO) and free and total recall of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding test; and these tests individually. Twenty-seven participants (5.7%) presented WL. In adjusted analyses, combined WL + lower Aβ 42/40 (≤0.103, lowest quartile) was related with more pronounced 4-year cognitive decline according to CDR-SB (p < .0001) and MMSEO (p = .021), compared with non-WL + higher Aβ 42/40. WL + higher NfL (>94.55 pg/mL, highest quartile) or progranulin (>38.4 ng/mL, 3 higher quartiles) were related with higher cognitive decline according to CDR-SB, MMSE, MMSEO, and composite score (all p < .03), compared with non-WL + lower NfL or higher progranulin. Regrouping progranulin quartiles (Q1-Q3 vs Q4) revealed higher cognitive decline among the WL + lower progranulin group compared with non-WL + lower progranulin. In conclusion, 1-year WL was associated with subsequent higher 4-year cognitive decline among older adults presenting low Aβ 42/40 or high NfL. Future studies combining plasma biomarker assessments and body weight surveillance may be useful for identifying people at risk of cognitive impairment. Clinical trial number: NCT00672685.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Virecoulon Giudici
- Address correspondence to: Kelly Virecoulon Giudici, PhD, Gérontopôle of Toulouse, Institute of Aging, Toulouse University Hospital, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 37 Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse, France. E-mail:
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France,CERPOP UMR1295, University of Toulouse III, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - John E Morley
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrew D Nguyen
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Geetika Aggarwal
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), INSERM UMR 1048, University of Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA,Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Randall J Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France,CERPOP UMR1295, University of Toulouse III, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gerontopole of Toulouse, Institute of Ageing, Toulouse University Hospital (CHU Toulouse), Toulouse, France,CERPOP UMR1295, University of Toulouse III, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Bolckmans R, Browning MG, Campos GM. Progranulin as a potential contributor to improved adipose tissue function after gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 17:e9-e10. [PMID: 33144041 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roel Bolckmans
- Division of Bariatric and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Matthew G Browning
- Division of Bariatric and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Guilherme M Campos
- Division of Bariatric and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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