1
|
Windt S, Sims-Gould J, Mackey DC, McKay H. Older Mens' Experiences with and Preferences for Physical Activity. Can J Aging 2023; 42:576-590. [PMID: 37365164 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980823000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We aim to describe older mens' experiences with physical activity (PA) and their preferences for PA programs. We interviewed 14 men from a Canada-based PA intervention study called Men on the Move, and 5 men from a supplementary sample (who were not intervention participants). Content analysis was used to describe their experiences with PA and program preferences. The socio-ecological perspective and the hegemonic masculinity framework guided the research. PA barriers were low motivation, poor health, lack of time, interests other than PA and a lack of interest in PA, finances, lack of knowledge about PA, injury fear, social influences, inconvenience, weather, caregiving, built/natural environments, low-quality fitness instructors, and program structure. PA facilitators were chores, health, interest, time, motivation, social influences, active transportation, built/natural environments, good weather, program structure, and skilled/knowledgeable fitness instructors. PA program preferences were small group atmosphere, individualized attention/programming, equal number of men and women, sports programming, PA classes, and experienced instructors. Older men have distinct PA experiences. Promoting and designing programs that address their experiences may increase their PA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheralyn Windt
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanie Sims-Gould
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dawn C Mackey
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Heather McKay
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jelicich R, Braun V. "Your Diet Defines Who You Are, Especially as a Man": Masculinity in Online Media Focused on Healthy Eating for Men. Am J Mens Health 2023; 17:15579883231213588. [PMID: 38130065 DOI: 10.1177/15579883231213588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In contexts marked by neoliberal ideology and a claimed "crisis" in men's health, men are responsibilized to be/come healthy. Eating has long been a gendered practice in Western cultures, and recent cultural shifts have produced ways of eating that are both masculinized and (claimed) healthy. Online healthy eating advice, which encourages and supports men to eat healthily, is an important information source. However, such information draws on, reproduces, and/or disrupts existing meanings about men and eating. To understand contemporary representations of men and healthy eating, we examined 30 online media articles oriented specifically to this topic. Using reflexive thematic analysis from a social constructionist position, we developed two themes: A lad's looks and lifestyle and Mind over matter: The masculine mindset. These themes together told an overarching story that healthy eating is effectively sold to men by drawing on traditional or hegemonic ideals of masculinity and effectively evoking access to an enhanced masculinity through healthy eating. While these representational practices may sell healthy eating to men, with likely positive health benefits, they also reinforce hegemonic ideals of masculinity which can be problematic from a health perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Jelicich
- School of Psychology, Waipapa Taumata Rau/University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Virginia Braun
- School of Psychology, Waipapa Taumata Rau/University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O’Donnell S, Lohan M, Oliffe JL, Grant D, Richardson N, Galway K. Men's mental health and the arts: perceived benefits and dynamics of engagement. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad092. [PMID: 37590385 PMCID: PMC10433405 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arts engagement is gaining recognition as a non-clinical approach to promote mental health and well-being. However, the perceived utility of the arts to promote mental health among men with low socioeconomic status (SES) and how to best engage them is underexplored. This study explores the lived experiences of men with low SES who engage with the arts in Northern Ireland (n = 41). Data collected via focus groups (n = 5) and interviews (n = 11) were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis to inductively derive four themes. Theme 1 highlights how the arts facilitated friendship, a collective identity, peer support and a reason to socialize. Themes 2 and 3 explore how the arts enhanced self-esteem and emotional regulation by developing a routine, purpose, sense of mastery, a sense of catharsis through immersion in a soothing endeavour and an alternative outlet for self-expression. Theme 4 covers strategies that facilitate male engagement in the arts such as using a familiar space, delivering to an existing male group, framing the programme around male interests not health or creativity, building on existing strengths and capacities, enabling ownership, using tangible action-orientated activities, and being non-authoritative and flexible with delivery. This is one of the first studies to highlight the gendered dimensions in which men with low SES engage with and experience mental health benefits through arts engagement. This study points towards relevant theories to further understand the pathways between the arts and improved mental health among men which can inform development of tailored arts programmes for men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shane O’Donnell
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, The National Centre for Men’s Health, South East Technological University, Kilkenny Road Campus, Kilkenny Road, Carlow R93 V960, Ireland
| | - Maria Lohan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 302-6190 Agronomy Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Nursing, University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - David Grant
- School of Arts, English and Languages, Queen’s University Belfast, 2 University Square, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Noel Richardson
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, The National Centre for Men’s Health, South East Technological University, Kilkenny Road Campus, Kilkenny Road, Carlow R93 V960, Ireland
| | - Karen Galway
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen’s University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Forsdike K, Tarzia L, Flood M, Vlais R, Hegarty K. "A Lightbulb Moment": Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to Explore the Challenges and Opportunities for Early Engagement of Australian Men Who Use Violence in Their Relationships. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP3889-NP3913. [PMID: 29923778 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518780778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a common complex social and public health problem. Interventions for IPV male perpetrators are an essential component of an early and effective response. Yet little is known about how to engage men in interventions for help-seeking. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB), we explored men's perceptions of seeking help for an unhealthy relationship and how they could be supported to recognize their behavior and undertake change at an early stage. We recruited 23 men who were currently attending a men's behavior change program in Australia to take part in focus groups. These were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. The TPB concepts of behavioral beliefs, perceived control, and subjective norms were found throughout the data. Behavioral beliefs covered four subthemes: self-awareness, self-reflection and agency, the influence of others to change, and needing the right message in the right place. Perceived control was connected to these men's understandings of what it means to be a man. Subjective norms were rarely raised, but there was some indication that men's perceptions of societal norms about men as violent influenced a perceived lack of agency to change behavior. Our findings highlight the complexity of, and challenges in, engaging men who may use violence before they reach crisis point and justice intervenes. Despite this, participating men could find acceptable an appropriately developed and easy-to-access intervention that enhances recognition of behaviors and provides links to supports. Health professionals or researchers developing early interventions targeting these men need to take the engagement challenges into account.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Tarzia
- The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Flood
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rodney Vlais
- Policy consultant in perpetrator intervention systems, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kelsey Hegarty
- The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pheiffer CF. Internal migration, urban living, and non-communicable disease risk in South Africa. Soc Sci Med 2021; 274:113785. [PMID: 33684701 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper offers theoretical and substantive contributions to migration-health scholarship by employing rich panel data with biomarkers to estimate the effect of migration and urban living on non-communicable disease risk in South Africa. Internal migration and urbanization continue to be pervasive demographic and socio-economic phenomena that structure daily life in low- and middle- income countries (LMICs). Yet, how these processes affect illness and disease in low-resource settings is still not well understood. Five waves (2008-2017) of South Africa's National Income Dynamics Study data and fixed-effects modeling are used to estimate the relationship between urban residence, migration, and health. Results indicate that the migration-health relationship differs by gender: urban living for men is associated with lower blood pressure. While urban residence appears to convey a health advantage when men reside in urban compared with rural places, there is no evidence of an urban health advantage among women. Migration does, however, negatively affect women's health through higher blood pressure (BP). These findings highlight the need for further interrogation of the ways in which processes and health consequences of migration and urban living are structured by gender in LMICs. Given the importance of urbanization and the prevalence of migration in LMICs, the gendered determinants of blood pressure may be key to understanding rising hypertension incidence in contexts like South Africa.
Collapse
|
6
|
Baum F, Musolino C, Gesesew HA, Popay J. New Perspective on Why Women Live Longer Than Men: An Exploration of Power, Gender, Social Determinants, and Capitals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E661. [PMID: 33466763 PMCID: PMC7829786 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women live longer than men, even though many of the recognised social determinants of health are worse for women than men. No existing explanations account fully for these differences in life expectancy, although they do highlight the complexity and interaction of biological, social and health service factors. METHODS this paper is an exploratory explanation of gendered life expectancy difference (GLED) using a novel combination of epidemiological and sociological methods. We present the global picture of GLED. We then utilise a secondary data comparative case analysis offering explanations for GLED in Australia and Ethiopia. We combine a social determinant of health lens with Bourdieu's concepts of capitals (economic, cultural, symbolic and social). RESULTS we confirmed continuing GLED in all countries ranging from less than a year to over 11 years. The Australian and Ethiopian cases demonstrated the complex factors underpinning this difference, highlighting similarities and differences in socioeconomic and cultural factors and how they are gendered within and between the countries. Bourdieu's capitals enabled us to partially explain GLED and to develop a conceptual model of causal pathways. CONCLUSION we demonstrate the value of combing a SDH and Bourdieu's capital lens to investigate GLED. We proposed a theoretical framework to guide future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fran Baum
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society & Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia;
| | - Connie Musolino
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society & Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia;
| | - Hailay Abrha Gesesew
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5048, Australia;
- Epidemiology, School of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle 231, Ethiopia
| | - Jennie Popay
- Division of Health Research, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Drew RJ, Morgan PJ, Pollock ER, Young MD. Impact of male-only lifestyle interventions on men's mental health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13014. [PMID: 32181565 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite rising mental health problems worldwide, engaging men to seek mental health support is challenging. Male-only lifestyle interventions have shown promise for improving men's physical health, but the overall impact of these programs on psychological outcomes is unclear. This review aimed to evaluate the impact of male-only lifestyle interventions on men's mental health and to identify if any study or intervention features were associated with effectiveness. A systematic literature search with no date restrictions was conducted across four databases and returned 15 946 citations. Nine studies were eligible for inclusion, representing 1427 participants. Risk of bias was generally low across studies, although none were specifically powered to detect changes in mental health. Overall, significant group-by-time effects were reported for 26% of mental health outcomes examined. In the fixed-effects meta-analyses, small-to-medium intervention effects were observed for mental health-related quality of life (SMD = 0.24), self-esteem (SMD = 0.51), and positive affect (SMD = 0.58). Insights into effective study or intervention features were limited because of the low number of heterogeneous studies. Although male-only lifestyle interventions have improved men's mental health in some circumstances, studies that are specifically powered to detect long-term changes are urgently required, particularly in groups with pre-existing mental health concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Drew
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip J Morgan
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma R Pollock
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Myles D Young
- Priority Research Centre in Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Education, Faculty of Education and Arts, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Health capital: toward a conceptual framework for understanding the construction of individual health. SOCIAL THEORY & HEALTH 2020; 19:205-219. [PMID: 32837331 PMCID: PMC7308603 DOI: 10.1057/s41285-020-00145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Emerging perspectives of health as individualized and privatized capital seem promising to shed light on the construction of individual health in the face of the growing individualization of healthcare. This article reviews extant perspectives of health as capital, reflecting upon how a conceptualization of health capital might be conceived by two of the main contrasting traditions: human capital theory affiliated with the Chicago School of Economics and Bourdieusian concepts of social field and capital. Arguing that a Bourdieusian perspective is potentially more fruitful to capture the importance of social and cultural dimensions in the construction of individual health, this article arrives at a conceptualization of health capital as the aggregate of the actual or potential resources possessed by a given agent that have the capacity to affect the position of agents in the social field of health. Drawing on Bourdieu’s conceptualization of forms of capital, this article discusses the efficacy, the legitimation, and the positioning of health capital, uncovering its potential for understanding contemporary trends in health practices and health discourse.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hanna E, Gough B, Markham S. Masculinities in the construction industry: A double‐edged sword for health and wellbeing? GENDER WORK AND ORGANIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/gwao.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esmée Hanna
- School of Allied Health SciencesDe Montfort University United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Gough
- School of Social SciencesLeeds Beckett University United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Persson S, Grogan S, Dhingra K, Benn Y. "I don't mind being ugly but I don't wanna have skin cancer": A qualitative study of attitudes to UV exposure and a facial morphing intervention in men 35 years and older. Psychol Health 2019; 34:1486-1503. [PMID: 31179747 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1622014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Skin cancer is a growing problem globally. Older men have been largely ignored in previous research, even though men may generally be prone to riskier exposure to the sun than women. Past research suggests that appearance-focused techniques such as facial morphing can increase motivations to use sun protection among women of all ages, and younger men.Design: was qualitative, consisting of individual interviews.Methods: were semi-structured interviews with 25 older men, to examine attitudes to UV exposure and reactions to a facial morphing intervention. Interviews were subjected to thematic analysis.Results: Three themes were constructed: masculine UV exposure; appearance that's accepted; personal responsibility. The men did not identify gaps in their sun protection behaviour and demonstrated a lack of concern about ageing and appearance. These attitudes translated into a lack of motivation for behaviour change due to ageing acceptance. However, motivation to change behaviour came from health concerns resulting from the intervention.Conclusions: The men experienced different motivations and barriers for sun protection use than women of similar ages. Facial morphing can be effective with older men but may need to be reframed to focus on health implications and personal choice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Persson
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Grogan
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Dhingra
- School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yael Benn
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Compton M, Ben Mortenson W, Sale J, Crossman A, Ashe MC. Men's perceptions of living with osteoporosis: a systematic review of qualitative studies. Int J Orthop Trauma Nurs 2019; 33:11-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijotn.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
12
|
Schlichthorst M, King K, Turnure J, Phelps A, Pirkis J. Engaging Australian men in masculinity and suicide - A concept test of social media materials and a website. Health Promot J Austr 2019; 30:390-401. [PMID: 30919504 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Men dominate the suicide statistics and are less likely than women to seek help for emotional problems, and this has been linked to aspects of stoic masculinity. Promoting help-seeking and challenging stoic thinking may help to address this problem, but it is unclear what works in engaging men in these topics. METHODS We developed a multimedia intervention called Man Up - including a documentary and digital campaign. We tested promotional materials and the website by interviewing 17 men from different ages and backgrounds about their perceptions, and asked them whether the materials generated interest in the topics of the documentary. RESULTS Participants preferred visual materials that were relatable to them and included active and direct language. This helped them to understand and identify with the messages being imparted. Participants had mixed views on talking about masculinity and the use of the term "man up," with some expressing interest and others being deterred by it. Sharing content about mental health and suicide was seen by some as a risk to personal reputation and their relationships with others. CONCLUSIONS Our findings informed the design of targeted materials for the national Man Up campaign and website which were then used in a multilevel national health promotion intervention in Australia. SO WHAT?: Our study provided valuable insights beyond Man Up for those seeking to design and deliver health promotion interventions targeting Australian men and engage in sensitive and stigmatised male health issues. Using active and empowering language was especially important when addressing men which contrasts with many promotional materials currently available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Schlichthorst
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Kylie King
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Andrea Phelps
- Phoenix Australia, Department of Psychiatry, Centre for Posttraumatic Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Prostate cancer awareness, case-finding, and early diagnosis: Interviews with undiagnosed men in Australia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211539. [PMID: 30845152 PMCID: PMC6405086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research in Victoria, Australia, found differences in prostate cancer outcomes in regional and metropolitan areas. This investigation of undiagnosed men in regional areas and a metropolitan area of South Australia sought their perspectives on prostate cancer. Our aim was to learn whether men who had not been diagnosed could shed light on why men outside metropolitan areas tended to have poorer outcomes than metropolitan men. Our goal was to build on evidence contributing to improving outcomes in prostate cancer care. Semi-structured interviews were designed to elicit explanation and meaning. 15 men (10 metropolitan, 5 regional) not diagnosed with prostate cancer were recruited through widely-distributed flyers in medical and community settings. Interviews were recorded and transcribed; transcripts were analysed thematically. Five main themes were identified, four of which were prompted by the questions: Addressing prostate health, Experiences with and expectations of GPs, Differences in care between regional and metropolitan areas, and Achieving early diagnosis. The fifth theme arose spontaneously: Australian masculinity. Men identified as problematic the limited availability of GPs in regional areas, the lack of consistency in approaches to prostate cancer detection, and men’s reluctance to seek medical care. Community-level strategies appear to be valued to encourage men to address prostate health. Maintaining and extending a systemic approach to prostate care may improve outcomes for men in Australia.
Collapse
|
14
|
Kannan A, Kirkman M, Ruseckaite R, Evans SM. Prostate care and prostate cancer from the perspectives of undiagnosed men: a systematic review of qualitative research. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e022842. [PMID: 30782686 PMCID: PMC6352751 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarise and evaluate evidence from men who had not been diagnosed with prostate cancer about their perspectives on prostate care and prostate cancer. DESIGN A systematic review of qualitative research, on the perspectives of non-cancerous men regarding prostate cancer prevention and care. SETTING A wide range of settings including primary and secondary care. PARTICIPANTS Men from varied demographic backgrounds ranging between 40 to 80 years of age. DATA SOURCES Three databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Informit, PsychInfo) and Google Scholar were searched for peer-reviewed papers in English reporting research using qualitative methods (in-depth or semistructured interviews and focus groups). REVIEW METHODS Thematic analysis using inductive and deductive codes. Thematic synthesis was achieved through iterative open, axial and thematic coding. RESULTS Eight papers (reporting seven studies conducted in Australia, UK and Germany) met inclusion criteria. Four major themes were identified: understanding prostate cancer, masculinity and prostate cancer, barriers to prostate healthcare and managing prostate health. It was reported that men often did not understand screening, prostate anatomy or their prostate cancer risk, and that concerns about masculinity could deter men from seeking health checks. There was evidence of a need to improve doctor-patient communication about case finding. CONCLUSION Further investigation is required to identify and understand any differences in the perspectives and experiences of men who have not been diagnosed with prostate cancer in metropolitan and regional areas, especially where there may be variations in access to healthcare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Kannan
- Clinical Registry Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maggie Kirkman
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rasa Ruseckaite
- Clinical Registry Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue M Evans
- Clinical Registry Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Turner RA, Szaboova L, Williams G. Constraints to healthcare access among commercial fishers. Soc Sci Med 2018; 216:10-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
16
|
Flannigan RK, Oliffe JL, McCreary DR, Punjani N, Kasabwala K, Black N, Rachert J, Goldenberg LS. Composite health behaviour classifier as the basis for targeted interventions and global comparisons in men's health. Can Urol Assoc J 2018; 13:125-132. [PMID: 30273120 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.5454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lifestyle-related diseases are the leading cause of death among North American men. We evaluated health behaviours and their predictors that contribute to morbidity and mortality among Canadian men as a means to making recommendations for targeted interventions. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of Canadian men drawn from 5362 visitors to our online survey page was conducted. The current study sample of 2000 men (inclusion: male and >18 years; exclusion: incomplete surveys) were stratified to the 2016 Canadian census. The primary outcome was the number of unhealthy men classified using our Canadian Composite Classification of Health Behaviour (CCCHB) score. Secondary outcomes included the number of men with unhealthy exercise, diet, smoking, sleep, and alcohol intake, as well as socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with unhealthy behaviours to be used for targeting future interventions. RESULTS Only 118/2000 (5.9%) men demonstrated 5/5 healthy behaviours, and 829 (41.5%) had 3/5 unhealthy behaviours; 391 (19.6%) men currently smoked, 773 (38.7%) demonstrated alcohol overuse, 1077 (53.9%) did not get optimal sleep (<7 or >9 hours per night), 977 (48.9%) failed to exercise >150 minutes/week, and 1235 (61.8%) had an unhealthy diet. Multivariate analysis indicated that men with high school education were at increased risk of unhealthy behaviours (odds ratio [OR] 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-2.18; p=0.005), as were men living with relatives (OR 2.10; 95% CI1.04-4.26; p=0.039), or with their partner and children (OR 1.34; 95% CI 1.02-1.76; p=0.034). CONCLUSIONS An overwhelming 41.5% of Canadian men had 3/5 unhealthy behaviours, affirming the need for targeted lifestyle interventions. Significant health inequities within vulnerable subgroups of Canadian men were identified and may guide the content and delivery of future interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Kendrick Flannigan
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States.,Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Donald R McCreary
- Department of Psychology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Nahid Punjani
- Division of Urology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Khushabu Kasabwala
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Nick Black
- Intensions Consulting, Vancouver, British Columbia
| | | | - Larry S Goldenberg
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Affleck W, Carmichael V, Whitley R. Men's Mental Health: Social Determinants and Implications for Services. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2018; 63:581-589. [PMID: 29673270 PMCID: PMC6109884 DOI: 10.1177/0706743718762388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Numerous scholars have stated that there is a silent crisis in men's mental health. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of core issues in the field of men's mental health, including a discussion of key social determinants as well as implications for mental health services. Firstly, we review the basic epidemiology of mental disorders with a high incidence and prevalence in men, including suicide and substance use disorder. Secondly, we examine controversies around the low reported rates of depression in men, discussing possible measurement and reporting biases. Thirdly, we explore common risk factors and social determinants that may explain higher rates of certain mental health outcomes in men. This includes a discussion of 1) occupational and employment issues; 2) family issues and divorce; 3) adverse childhood experience; and 4) other life transitions, notably parenthood. Fourthly, we document and analyze low rates of mental health service utilization in men. This includes a consideration of the role of dominant notions of masculinity (such as stubbornness and self-reliance) in deterring service utilization. Fifthly, we note that some discourse on the role of masculinity contains much "victim blaming," often adopting a reproachful deficit-based model. We argue that this can deflect attention away from social determinants as well as issues within the mental health system, such as claims that it is "feminized" and unresponsive to men's needs. We conclude by calling for a multipronged public health-inspired approach to improve men's mental health, involving concerted action at the individual, health services, and societal levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Affleck
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec
| | | | - Rob Whitley
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec.,2 Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alexis O, Worsley AJ. A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Studies Exploring Men’s Sense of Masculinity Post–Prostate Cancer Treatment. Cancer Nurs 2018; 41:298-310. [DOI: 10.1097/ncc.0000000000000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Hilario CT, Oliffe JL, Wong JP, Browne AJ, Johnson JL. "I tend to forget bad things": Immigrant and refugee young men's narratives of distress. Health (London) 2018. [PMID: 29536764 DOI: 10.1177/1363459318763865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Distress among young immigrant and refugee men has drawn increasing research attention in recent years. Nuanced understandings of distress are needed to inform mental health and public health programming. The purpose of this research was to examine distress from the perspectives of young immigrant and refugee men living in Greater Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Thirty-three young men (aged 15-22 years) from diverse immigrant and refugee backgrounds participated in interviews, which were conducted between 2014 and 2015. Data were examined using narrative analysis and theories of masculinities. Three narratives were identified-norming distress, acknowledging distress as ongoing, and situating distress. The findings reveal that the narratives offer different frames through which distress was rendered a norm, or acknowledged and situated in relation to the participants' relationships and to masculine discourses that shaped their expressions of distress. The findings can inform initiatives aimed at providing spaces for diverse young men to acknowledge their distress and to receive support for mental health challenges.
Collapse
|
20
|
Jowett A. Gendered accounts of managing diabetes in same-sex relationships: A discursive analysis of partner support. Health (London) 2017; 22:147-164. [PMID: 29232979 DOI: 10.1177/1363459316688518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The gendered dimensions of partner support in relationships where one partner has a chronic condition has been a recurring focus within the literature on gender and health. Such literature however typically focuses exclusively on heterosexual couples while same-sex relationships are rendered invisible, leading to the discourse around partner support being heteronormative. This article examines gendered dimensions within accounts of lesbian, gay and bisexual people with diabetes using a discursive psychological approach. The analysis identifies how participants drew upon a range of interpretative repertoires, including: (1) notions that women are more caring than men; (2) that men can take control in an emergency; (3) that gay men are caring; (4) that grown men can take care of themselves; and (5) that gay men are more independent than heterosexual men. It is argued that rather than simply dismissing heteronormative repertoires of gender and health, non-heterosexuals draw upon them in ways that display ideological tensions.
Collapse
|
21
|
Allmark N, Grogan S, Jeffries M. “I don’t want to let myself down or the charity down”: men’s accounts of using various interventions to reduce smoking and alcohol consumption. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14780887.2017.1393585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Allmark
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Department of Psychology, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Grogan
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Department of Psychology, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Jeffries
- University of Manchester, NIHR Greater Manchester Primary Care Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kirkman M, Young K, Evans S, Millar J, Fisher J, Mazza D, Ruseckaite R. Men's perceptions of prostate cancer diagnosis and care: insights from qualitative interviews in Victoria, Australia. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:704. [PMID: 29078768 PMCID: PMC5659031 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Victorian Prostate Cancer Registry (Australia) revealed poorer rates of survival for men diagnosed with prostate cancer in one Victorian regional area than for men in metropolitan Melbourne. We sought to explore the perceptions and experiences of prostate cancer diagnosis, treatment, and care of men diagnosed with prostate cancer who lived in regional or metropolitan areas and of men who had not been so diagnosed. Our goal was to contribute to the evidence from which can be built continuing improvements in prostate health care. Methods Using the qualitative method of in-depth interviews to gain access to explanation and meaning, we interviewed 21 men: 10 recruited through the Prostate Cancer Outcome Registry-Victoria and 11 from the community. Transcripts were analysed thematically. Results We identified four main themes within which men discussed prostate cancer: Case-finding, Diagnosis, Treatment and Care, and Spreading the Word. Contrasts revealed between regional and metropolitan areas related mostly to the more limited supportive care in regional areas. Conclusions It is evident from the perspectives of these men that every aspect of prostate cancer care would benefit from attention: publicising the need to check prostate health, treatment, and supporting men in the years after treatment. Continuing to work on systemic improvements is an important goal for all those committed to men’s health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3699-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Kirkman
- Jean Hailes Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Kate Young
- Jean Hailes Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Susan Evans
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeremy Millar
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Radiation Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jane Fisher
- Jean Hailes Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Danielle Mazza
- Department of General Practice, School of Primary Health Care, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rasa Ruseckaite
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Caperchione CM, Bottorff JL, Oliffe JL, Johnson ST, Hunt K, Sharp P, Fitzpatrick KM, Price R, Goldenberg SL. The HAT TRICK programme for improving physical activity, healthy eating and connectedness among overweight, inactive men: study protocol of a pragmatic feasibility trial. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016940. [PMID: 28882920 PMCID: PMC5588940 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity, healthy eating and maintaining a healthy weight are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and cancer and with improved mental health. Despite these benefits, many men do not meet recommended physical activity guidelines and have poor eating behaviours. Many health promotion programmes hold little appeal to men and consequently fail to influence men's health practices. HAT TRICK was designed as a 12-week face-to-face, gender-sensitised intervention for overweight and inactive men focusing on physical activity, healthy eating and social connectedness and was delivered in collaboration with a major junior Canadian ice hockey team (age range 16-20 years). The programme was implemented and evaluated to assess its feasibility. This article describes the intervention design and study protocol of HAT TRICK. METHODS AND ANALYSIS HAT TRICK participants (n=60) were men age 35 years, residing in the Okanagan Region of British Columbia, who accumulate 150 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity a week, with a body mass index of >25 kg/m2 and a pant waist size of >38'. Each 90 min weekly session included targeted health education and theory-guided behavioural change techniques, as well as a progressive (ie, an increase in duration and intensity) group physical activity component. Outcome measures were collected at baseline, 12 weeks and 9 months and included the following: objectively measured anthropometrics, blood pressure, heart rate, physical activity and sedentary behaviour, as well as self-reported physical activity, sedentary behaviour, diet, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep habits, risk of depression, health-related quality of life and social connectedness. Programme feasibility data (eg, recruitment, satisfaction, adherence, content delivery) were assessed at 12 weeks via interviews and self-report. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the University of British Columbia Okanagan Behavioural Research Ethics Board (reference no H1600736). Study findings will be disseminated through academic meetings, peer-reviewed publication, web-based podcasts, social media, plain language summaries and co-delivered community presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN43361357,Pre results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Caperchione
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Joan L Bottorff
- Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Steven T Johnson
- Faculty of Health Disciplines, Athabasca University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kate Hunt
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Sharp
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kayla M Fitzpatrick
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryley Price
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - S Larry Goldenberg
- Department of Urology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Medina-Perucha L, Yousaf O, Hunter MS, Grunfeld EA. Barriers to medical help-seeking among older men with prostate cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol 2017; 35:531-543. [DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2017.1312661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Medina-Perucha
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - O. Yousaf
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - M. S. Hunter
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - E. A. Grunfeld
- Centre for Technology Enabled Health Research, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lusey HG, Christianson M, Sebastian MS, Edin KE. Church representatives' perspectives on masculinities in the context of HIV: the case of the Ecumenical HIV and AIDS Initiative in Africa. AJAR-AFRICAN JOURNAL OF AIDS RESEARCH 2017; 15:273-81. [PMID: 27681151 DOI: 10.2989/16085906.2016.1203341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite a growing body of literature related to church leaders challenging dominant norms of masculinities that may enable the spread of HIV, research on masculinity issues among African church representatives who are policy makers is scarce. The objectives of this study were to explore the perspectives on masculinities held by church representatives within the Ecumenical HIV and AIDS Initiative in Africa (EHAIA) and to identify strategies they used to transform masculinities in their respective churches. Qualitative interviews were carried out with 14 church representatives belonging to the EHAIA International Reference Group. These interviews were analysed using thematic analysis and four themes were identified: "barriers to challenge masculinities" may contribute to the spread of HIV; "counterproductive conservative church leadership" fails to challenge dominant forms of masculinities; "facilitators to challenge masculinities" perceived as slowly changing men and "an evolving hope for gender equality" would be perceived in certain marital relationships. The latter two were viewed as positive approaches resulting from masculinity workshops and male priests disclosing their HIV-positive status. This research highlights strategies that may help male church-goers challenge masculinities, support gender equality and, improve the lives of men and women in the context of HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrew G Lusey
- a World Council of Churches, The Ecumenical HIV and AIDS Initiative in Africa , Regional Coordination Office for Central Africa , Kinshasa , Democratic Republic of Congo.,b Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden.,c Department of Nursing , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | | | - Miguel San Sebastian
- b Division of Epidemiology and Global Health, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Kerstin E Edin
- c Department of Nursing , Umeå University , Umeå , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bottorff JL, Oliffe JL, Sarbit G, Caperchione C, Clark M, Anand A, Howay K. Assessing the feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness of an integrated approach to smoking cessation for new and expectant fathers: The Dads in Gear study protocol. Contemp Clin Trials 2017; 54:77-83. [PMID: 28088514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence related to the effects of tobacco exposure in pregnancy and on infant and child health have focused on women's smoking cessation. Less often addressed is men's smoking, which when continued in fatherhood, reduces the chances of female partners' cessation and can negatively impact children's health as well as men's health. Dads in Gear (DIG) is an innovative program designed specifically for new fathers who want to reduce and quit smoking that includes three components: smoking cessation, fathering, and physical activity. The over-arching purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the DIG program and provide estimates of program efficacy. The purpose of this article is to describe the rationale and protocol for evaluating the DIG program's feasibility, acceptability and potential effectiveness. METHODS Using a prospective, non-comparative design, the DIG program will be implemented and evaluated in six communities. The program will be offered by trained facilitators to fathers who currently smoke and want to quit. The RE-AIM framework will guide the evaluation. Open-ended questions in participant surveys, and semi-structured interviews and weekly telephone de-briefs with facilitators will provide data for a process evaluation. Estimates of effectiveness include smoking behavior, fathering and physical activity measures at baseline, end of program, and 3-month follow up. CONCLUSION The DIG program could support positive changes with respect to smoking cessation, physical activity and overall health for men. These effects could also promote family health. The program might also provide an effective model for engaging men in other health behavior change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joan L Bottorff
- Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, Art 223, Kelowna, British Columbia VIV 1V7, Canada; Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, T201-2211 Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2B5, Canada.
| | - Gayl Sarbit
- Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, Art 223, Kelowna, British Columbia VIV 1V7, Canada.
| | - Cristina Caperchione
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, Art 360, Kelowna, British Columbia VIV 1V7, Canada.
| | - Marianne Clark
- Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, Art 223, Kelowna, British Columbia VIV 1V7, Canada.
| | - Anima Anand
- The Bridge Youth and Family Services, #8-2604 Enterprise Way, Kelowna, British Columbia V1X 7Y5, Canada.
| | - Kym Howay
- Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, 1147 Research Road, Art 223, Kelowna, British Columbia VIV 1V7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Schlichthorst M, Sanci LA, Pirkis J, Spittal MJ, Hocking JS. Why do men go to the doctor? Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with healthcare utilisation among a cohort of Australian men. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1028. [PMID: 28185596 PMCID: PMC5103250 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Men use health services less often than women and frequently delay seeking help even if experiencing serious health problems. This may put men at higher risk for developing serious health problems which, in part, may explain men's higher rates of some serious illnesses and shorter life span relative to women. This paper identifies factors that contribute to health care utilisation in a cohort of Australian men by exploring associations between socio-economic, health and lifestyle factors and the use of general practitioner (GP) services. METHODS We used data from Ten to Men, the Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health. Health care utilisation was defined in two ways: at least one GP visit in the past 12 months and having at least yearly health check-ups with a doctor. Associations between these two measures and a range of contextual socio demographic factors (education, location, marital status, country of birth, employment, financial problems etc.) as well as individual health and lifestyle factors (self-rated health, smoking, drinking, healthy weight, pain medication) were examined using logistic regression analysis. The sample included 13,763 adult men aged 18 to 55 years. Analysis was stratified by age (18 to 34 year versus 35 to 55 years). RESULTS Overall, 81 % (95 % CI: 80.3-81.6) of men saw a GP for consultation in the 12 months prior to the study. The odds of visiting a GP increased with increasing age (p < 0.01), but decreased with increasing remoteness of residence (p < 0.01). Older men, smokers and those who rate their health as excellent were less likely to visit a GP in the last 12 months, but those on daily pain medication or with co-morbidities were more likely to have visited a GP. However, these factors were not associated with consulting a GP in the last 12 months among young men. Overall, 39 % (95 % CI: 38.3-39.9) reported having an annual health check. The odds of having an annual health check increased with increasing age (p < 0.01), but showed no association with area of residence (p = 0.60). Across both age groups, the odds of a regular health check increased with obesity and daily pain medication, but decreased with harmful levels of alcohol consumption. CONCLUSION The majority of men (61 %) did not engage in regular health check-up visits, representing a missed opportunity for preventative health care discussions. Lower consultation rates may translate into lost opportunities to detect and intervene with problems early and this is where men may be missing out compared to women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Schlichthorst
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010 Australia
| | - Lena A. Sanci
- Department of General Practice, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010 Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010 Australia
| | - Matthew J. Spittal
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010 Australia
| | - Jane S. Hocking
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Leone JE, Rovito MJ, Mullin EM, Mohammed SD, Lee CS. Development and Testing of a Conceptual Model Regarding Men's Access to Health Care. Am J Mens Health 2016; 11:262-274. [PMID: 27698256 PMCID: PMC5675291 DOI: 10.1177/1557988316671637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic data suggest men often experience excessive morbidity and early mortality, possibly compromising family and community health over the lifespan. Moreover, the negative financial/economic consequences affected by poor male health outcomes also has been of great concern in the United States and abroad. Early and consistent access to preventative health care may improve health outcomes; however, men are far less likely to access these services. The purpose of this study was to understand what factors preclude men from accessing health care. We surveyed 485 participants using a 58-item online survey built from a conceptual model previously developed by the researchers using hegemonic masculinity theory, the theory of normative contentment, and the health belief model. For men, three items significantly ( ps < .05) predicted whether they had seen a health care provider in the past year: "I/Men do not access healthcare because I do not think there is anything wrong with me," "My health is only about me," and "I/Men do not access healthcare because most men in my family do not access healthcare." Other correlations of practical significance also were noted. Results suggest gender norms and masculine ideals may play a primary role in how men access preventative health care. Future programming targeting males should consider barriers and plan programs that are gender-sensitive in addition to being gender-specific. Clinical implications are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James E Leone
- 1 Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Clark MI, McGannon KR, Berry TR, Norris CM, Rodgers WM, Spence JC. Taking a hard look at the Heart Truth campaign in Canada: A discourse analysis. J Health Psychol 2016; 23:1699-1710. [DOI: 10.1177/1359105316669581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation launched the Heart Truth campaign to increase women’s awareness of heart disease. However, little is known about how such campaigns intersect with broader understandings of gender and health. This discourse analysis examined the construction of gender, risk, and prevention within campaign material. Two primary discourses emerged: one of acceptable femininity, which outlines whose risk, survivorship, and prevention matters, and another of selfless prevention. Women of diverse ethnic, sexual, and socio-economic background were largely absent. Prevention was portrayed as a personal choice, eclipsing conversations about social determinants of health and the socio-political context of heart disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Seymour-Smith S, Brown D, Cosma G, Shopland N, Battersby S, Burton A. "Our people has got to come to terms with that": changing perceptions of the digital rectal examination as a barrier to prostate cancer diagnosis in African-Caribbean men. Psychooncology 2016; 25:1183-1190. [PMID: 27423059 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE African-Caribbean men in the United Kingdom in comparison with other ethnicities have the highest incidence rate of prostate cancer. Psychosocial aspects related to screening and presentation impact on men's behavior, with previous studies indicating a range of barriers. This study explores one such barrier, the digital rectal examination (DRE), due to its prominence within UK African-Caribbean men's accounts. METHODS African-Caribbean men with prostate cancer (n = 10) and without cancer (n = 10) were interviewed about their perceptions of DRE. A synthetic discursive approach was employed to analyze the data. RESULTS Findings illustrate that an interpretative repertoire of homophobia in relation to the DRE is constructed as having an impact upon African-Caribbean men's uptake of prostate cancer screening. However, the discursive focus on footing and accountability highlight deviations from this repertoire that are built up as pragmatic and orient to changing perceptions within the community. CONCLUSIONS Health promotion interventions need to address the fear of homophobia and are best designed in collaboration with the community.
Collapse
|
31
|
Clarke JN, Miele R. Trapped by Gender: The Paradoxical Portrayal Of Gender And Mental Illness In Anglophone North American Magazines: 1983-2012. WOMENS STUDIES INTERNATIONAL FORUM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wsif.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
32
|
Broer T, Pickersgill M, Deary IJ. The Movement of Research from the Laboratory to the Living Room: a Case Study of Public Engagement with Cognitive Science. NEUROETHICS-NETH 2016; 9:159-171. [PMID: 27429669 PMCID: PMC4927588 DOI: 10.1007/s12152-016-9259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Media reporting of science has consequences for public debates on the ethics of research. Accordingly, it is crucial to understand how the sciences of the brain and the mind are covered in the media, and how coverage is received and negotiated. The authors report here their sociological findings from a case study of media coverage and associated reader comments of an article ('Does bilingualism influence cognitive aging?') from Annals of Neurology. The media attention attracted by the article was high for cognitive science; further, as associates/members of the Centre where it was produced, the authors of the research reported here had rare insight into how the scientists responsible for the Annals of Neurology article interacted with the media. The data corpus included 37 news items and 228 readers' comments, examined via qualitative thematic analysis. Media coverage of the article was largely accurate, without merely copying the press release. Analysis of reader comments showed these to be an important resource for considering issues of import to neuroethics scholars, as well as to scientists themselves (including how science communication shapes and is shaped by ethical, epistemic, and popular discourse). In particular, the findings demonstrate how personal experiences were vital in shaping readers' accounts of their (dis)agreements with the scientific article. Furthermore, the data show how scientific research can catalyse political discussions in ways likely unanticipated by scientists. The analysis indicates the importance of dialogue between journalists, laboratory scientists and social scientists in order to support the communication of the messages researchers intend.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tineke Broer
- />Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
| | - Martyn Pickersgill
- />Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG UK
| | - Ian J. Deary
- />Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chikovore J, Gillespie N, McGrath N, Orne-Gliemann J, Zuma T. Men, masculinity, and engagement with treatment as prevention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. AIDS Care 2016; 28 Suppl 3:74-82. [PMID: 27421054 PMCID: PMC5096677 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2016.1178953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Men's poorer engagement with healthcare generally and HIV care specifically, compared to women, is well-described. Within the HIV public health domain, interest is growing in universal test and treat (UTT) strategies. UTT strategies refer to the expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in order to reduce onward transmission and incidence of HIV in a population, through a "treatment as prevention" (TasP). This paper focuses on how masculinity influences engagement with HIV care in the context of an on-going TasP trial. Data were collected in January-November 2013 using 20 in-depth interviews, 10 of them repeated thrice, and 4 focus group discussions, each repeated four times. Analysis combined inductive and deductive approaches for coding and the review and consolidation of emerging themes. The accounts detailed men's unwillingness to engage with HIV testing and care, seemingly tied to their pursuit of valued masculinity constructs such as having strength and control, being sexually competent, and earning income. Articulated through fears regarding getting an HIV-positive diagnosis, observations that men preferred traditional medicine and that primary health centres were not welcoming to men, descriptions that men used lay measures to ascertain HIV status, and insinuations by men that they were removed from HIV risk, the indisposition to HIV care contrasted markedly with an apparent readiness to test among women. Gendered tensions thus emerged which were amplified in the context where valued masculinity representations were constantly threatened. Amid the tensions, men struggled with disclosing their HIV status, and used various strategies to avoid or postpone disclosing, or disclose indirectly, while women's ability to access care readily, use condoms, or communicate about HIV appeared similarly curtailed. UTT and TasP promotion should heed and incorporate into policy and health service delivery models the intrapersonal tensions, and the conflict, and poor and indirect communication at the micro-relational levels of couples and families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Chikovore
- HIV/AIDS, STIs and TB Programme, Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC), Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Nuala McGrath
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Faculty of Social, Human and Mathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Africa Centre for Population Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa
- Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joanna Orne-Gliemann
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219 - Bordeaux Population Health, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Thembelihle Zuma
- Africa Centre for Population Health, University of KwaZulu Natal, Mtubatuba, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Rovito MJ, Manjelievskaia J, Leone JE, Lutz M, Cavayero CT, Perlman D. Recommendations for Treating Males: An Ethical Rationale for the Inclusion of Testicular Self-Examination (TSE) in a Standard of Care. Am J Mens Health 2015; 12:539-545. [PMID: 26634857 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315620468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The phrase "standard of care" is primarily a legal term representing what procedure a reasonable person (i.e., health practitioner) would administer to patients across similar circumstances. One major concern for health practitioners is delivering and advocating for treatments not defined as a standard of care. While providing such treatments may meet certain ethical imperatives, doing so may unwittingly trigger medical malpractice litigation fears from practitioners. Apprehension to deviate, even slightly, from the standard of care may (seem to) put the practitioner at significant risk for litigation, which, in turn, may limit options for treatment and preventive measures recommended by the practitioner. Specific to testicular treatment, certain guidelines exist for cancer, torsion, vasectomy, and scrotal masses, among others. As it relates to screening, practitioner examination is expected for patients presenting with testicular abnormalities. Testicular self-examination (TSE) advocacy, however, is discouraged by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, which may prompt a general unwillingness among health practitioners to promote the behavior. Considering the benefits TSE has beyond cancer detection, and the historical support it has received among health practitioners, it is paramount to consider the ethical implications of its official "exclusion" from preventive health and clinical care recommendations (i.e., standard of care). Since good ethics should lead practitioner patient care guidelines, not fear of increased malpractice risks, we recommend the development of a standard of care for counseling males to perform TSE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James E Leone
- 3 Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, MA, USA
| | - Michael Lutz
- 4 Michigan Institute of Urology, West Bloomfield, MI, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lefkowich M, Richardson N, Robertson S. "If We Want to Get Men in, Then We Need to Ask Men What They Want": Pathways to Effective Health Programing for Men. Am J Mens Health 2015; 11:1512-1524. [PMID: 26614444 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315617825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In Ireland, men's health is becoming a priority. In line with global trends, indicators of poor mental health (including rates of depression and suicide) are increasing alongside rates of unemployment and social isolation. Despite the growing awareness of men's health as a national priority, and development of the first National Men's Health Policy in the world, there is still a concern about men's nonengagement with health services. Health and community services often struggle to appropriately accommodate men, and men commonly avoid health spaces. A growing body of literature suggests that a persistent lack of support or resources for service providers contributes to their inability to identify and meet men's unique health needs. This study aims to provide further insight into the ways in which this gap between men and health services can be closed. Semistructured, qualitative interviews were conducted with nine project partners ( n = 9) of a successful men's health program in Dublin. Interviews captured reflections on what processes or strategies contribute to effective men's health programs. Findings suggest that gender-specific strategies-especially related to community-engagement and capacity building-are necessary in creating health programs that both promote men's health and enable men to safely and comfortably participate. Moreover, including men in all aspects of the planning stages helps ensure that programs are accessible and acceptable for men. These findings have been operationalized into a user-driven resource that illustrates evidence-informed strategies and guiding principles that can be used by practitioners hoping to engage with men.
Collapse
|
36
|
Randell E, Jerdén L, Öhman A, Starrin B, Flacking R. Tough, sensitive and sincere: how adolescent boys manage masculinities and emotions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENCE AND YOUTH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/02673843.2015.1106414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Randell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - Lars Jerdén
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | - Ann Öhman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Gender Studies (UCGS), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bengt Starrin
- Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, Department of Social Studies, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Renée Flacking
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kaasalainen KS, Kasila K, Komulainen J, Malvela M, Poskiparta M. Readiness for health behavior changes among low fitness men in a Finnish health promotion campaign. Health Promot Int 2015; 31:827-838. [PMID: 26152118 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dav068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Men have been a hard-to-reach population in health behavior programs and it has been claimed that they are less interested in health issues than women. However, less is known about that how ready men are to adopt new health behaviors. This study examined readiness for change in physical activity (PA) and eating behavior (EB) among low fitness and overweight working-aged Finnish men who participated in a PA campaign. Associations among perceived health knowledge, health behaviors, psychosocial factors and readiness for change were studied. Data comprised 362 men aged 18-64. Physical fitness was assessed with a body fitness index constructed on the basis of the Polar OwnIndex Test, a hand grip test and an Inbody 720 body composition analysis. Health behavior information was gathered by questionnaire. Descriptive and comparative analyses were conducted by χ2 test and Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Associations between health knowledge and health behaviors were explored with logistic regression analyses. Readiness to increase PA and change EB was positively related to higher scores in psychosocial factors, PA and healthy eating habits. Self-rated knowledge on health issues was not related to PA or readiness to change health behaviors; however, it was positively associated with healthy eating and greater perceived promoters of PA. Participants' self-rated knowledge reflected not only an interest in health but also the differences in age and education. Health programs are needed that target both PA and healthy eating in low-fit men at different ages and motivational stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karoliina S Kaasalainen
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (L), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kirsti Kasila
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (L), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jyrki Komulainen
- Fit for Life Program, LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Lutakonaukio 1, FI-40100, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Miia Malvela
- Fit for Life Program, LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Lutakonaukio 1, FI-40100, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marita Poskiparta
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (L), FI-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
MacLean A, Sweeting H, Walker L, Patterson C, Räisänen U, Hunt K. "It's not healthy and it's decidedly not masculine": a media analysis of UK newspaper representations of eating disorders in males. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007468. [PMID: 26024997 PMCID: PMC4452746 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent qualitative research found young men reporting that an expectation that eating disorders (EDs) mainly affect young women led them, and others, to only recognise their symptoms when their ED had become entrenched. This raises questions about how these stereotypes persist. We therefore explored how EDs in males were represented in articles published in UK newspapers over a 10-year period (7.12.2002-7.12.2012), specifically attending to whether newsprint media represent EDs in males as 'gender appropriate', 'gender anomalous' or 'gender neutral'. DESIGN A qualitative thematic analysis of UK newspaper articles. METHODS We searched two databases, Newsbank and LexisNexis, for newspaper articles including ED and male terms in the lead/first paragraph. Following de-duplication, 420 articles were scrutinised; 138 met inclusion criteria for detailed textual analysis and were imported into NVivo10. FINDINGS The number of articles peaked in 2008 when a UK politician announced that he had experienced bulimia nervosa. Analysis of how the articles portrayed male ED-related characterisations and experiences revealed that they conveyed ambiguous messages about EDs in males. Despite apparently aiming to dispel stereotypes that only young women experience EDs and to address stigma surrounding EDs in males, many aspects of the articles, including repetition of phrases such as 'a young woman's illness', serve to reinforce messages that EDs are inherently 'female' and so 'anomalous' for men. CONCLUSIONS Newspaper articles represent men with EDs as atypical of men, as a result of having an ED (and any feminising or demasculinising characteristics associated with this), and as atypical of people with EDs, who are still usually portrayed as teenage girls. Such media representations frame a cultural paradigm in which there is an expectation that men may feel shame about or strive to conceal EDs, potentially contributing to men with EDs delaying help-seeking, gaining late access to treatments and reducing chances of successful outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice MacLean
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen Sweeting
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura Walker
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chris Patterson
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ulla Räisänen
- HERG Health Experiences Research Group, Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kate Hunt
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zanchetta MS, Maheu C, Kolisnyk O, Mohamed M, Guruge S, Kinslikh D, Christopher JJ, Stevenson M, SanJose C, Sizto T, Byam A. Canadian Men's Self-Management of Chronic Diseases: A Literature Analysis of Strategies for Dealing With Risks and Promoting Wellness. Am J Mens Health 2015; 11:1077-1095. [PMID: 25804217 DOI: 10.1177/1557988315577674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the qualitative research on men's self-management of mental and physical chronic diseases, with emphasis on strategies for dealing with risks and promoting wellness. Using Bardin's method of document analysis, it was focused on the findings of Canadian qualitative studies published in French or English from 2005 to 2011. Boltanski's theory on social uses of the body inspired the analysis. Living with a chronic disease threatens men's sense of masculinity and self-image, as well as their perceived ability to fulfill expected social roles. Social images of men's bodies influence how men express their emotions, attributes, and attitudes, or acknowledge the need for and seek social affirmation. Self-management has been documented in Canadian qualitative literature as a complex phenomenon influenced by the social environment, personal capacities, feelings, perceptions, and potentials. The extent of how all these features interact within the scope of men's mental and physical health and illness experiences was partially revealed in this study. The findings underscore the social invisibility of men's bodies, especially those of men facing social inequities. Attending to principles of social justice can ensure that future research on men's health will amplify the range of men's voices and allow them to be heard. Recommendations address also the international scientific community interested in advancing men's health research, especially in those countries that lack a national men's health policy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Maheu
- 2 McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,3 Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Olesya Kolisnyk
- 4 Centennial College & University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Terry Sizto
- 1 Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron Byam
- 1 Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Buston K, Parkes A, Wight D. High and low contraceptive use amongst young male offenders: a qualitative interview study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 40:248-53. [PMID: 24736230 PMCID: PMC4173989 DOI: 10.1136/jfprhc-2013-100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives There are high rates of fatherhood and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among young incarcerated men. Here we focus on a sample of men incarcerated in a Scottish Young Offender Institution, analysing their accounts of their contraceptive use. Those who report low or no use of contraception are compared with those who report high use. Methods Semi-structured interviews with 40 young male offenders, aged 16–21 years. Participants were purposively sampled using answers from a questionnaire administered to 67 inmates. Data from those men (n=31) reporting either high (n=14) or low/no use (n=17) of contraception are analysed here. Results Low users emphasise their desire for pleasure and appear fatalistic about both pregnancy and disease prevention. High users report a strong desire to protect themselves and their ‘manliness’ by using condoms to avoid the risk of STIs and, to a lesser extent, pregnancy. Both sets of men present themselves in a traditionally masculine way, with high users emphasising power, authority and self-control to justify their non-risk-taking contraceptive behaviour. Conclusions The masculine narrative regarding self-protection, utilised by the high users, may be an effective method of intervention with potential and actual low users. Conventional masculinity valorises risk-taking but if particular forms of risk avoidance – condom use – can be legitimised as confirming one's masculinity it may be possible to persuade low users to adopt them. The opportunity to work with young men whilst incarcerated should be grasped.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie Buston
- Senior Investigator Scientist, MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison Parkes
- Senior Investigator Scientist, MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Danny Wight
- Programme Leader, MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Spandler H, Mckeown M, Roy A, Hurley M. Football metaphor and mental well-being: An evaluation of theIt's a Goal!programme. J Ment Health 2013; 22:544-54. [DOI: 10.3109/09638237.2013.819420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
43
|
Lomas T, Ridge D, Cartwright T, Edginton T. Engagement with meditation as a positive health trajectory: Divergent narratives of progress in male meditators. Psychol Health 2013; 29:218-36. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2013.843684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
44
|
Elterman DS, Kaplan SA, Pelman RS, Goldenberg SL. How 'male health' fits into the field of urology. Nat Rev Urol 2013; 10:606-12. [PMID: 23897503 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2013.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The shorter life span and poorer health of men compared with women is concerning, affecting spouses, families, and communities. Physicians and policy makers have identified a growing need for a gender-specific focus on the unique health needs of boys and men and accompanying services. Men's health has emerged as a new discipline that is responsible for a gender-specific approach to health-services delivery, government policy, research, and advocacy. The urologic community has taken a leadership role in this specialty by defining the issues that face men in the 21(st) century, bringing together disparate areas of clinical care and research, and collaborating with stakeholders (such as primary care physicians and specialists from other disciplines) to create and implement men's health initiatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean S Elterman
- Division of Urology, University of Toronto, Toronto Western Hospital, Main Pavilion, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Dolan A. ‘Men give in to chips and beer too easily’: How working-class men make sense of gender differences in health. Health (London) 2013; 18:146-62. [DOI: 10.1177/1363459313488004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article, based on qualitative research with working-class men, explores men’s perceptions and experiences regarding gender differences in health. It demonstrates how men put forward a range of behavioural/cultural, materialist/structural and psychosocial factors, which were believed to differently impact men’s health compared to women. A common theme underpinning their explanations was the ways in which men and women were located within two distinct gender categories. These characterisations were used to explain why health-damaging beliefs and behaviours were more prevalent among men and also why men were better suited for certain kinds of jobs, albeit with potential costs to their health. Men also believed that women were protected from the damaging physical and emotional impact of manual employment because of their primary role within the home and because they were less emotionally robust, which required men to shield women from the stresses they experienced. However, men’s emotional withdrawal can also be viewed as another example of how men use whatever resources are available to achieve and maintain dominance over women. Finally, the article demonstrates how a gender- and class-based approach can capture the impact of men’s health-related practices alongside the broader cultural and structural influences on men’s health.
Collapse
|
46
|
Miele R, Clarke J. "We remain very much the second sex": the constructions of prostate cancer in popular news magazines, 2000-2010. Am J Mens Health 2013; 8:15-25. [PMID: 23660236 DOI: 10.1177/1557988313487922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Informed by social constructionism, biomedicalization, and a feminist framework, a discourse analysis was performed on 31 popular news articles published in North America between 2000 and 2010. The magazines construct prostate cancer in a gendered manner. Its construction is rooted in themes that are related to discussions of biology, prostate cancer as a heterosexual problem, the responsibilization of health and masculinity. Through these constructions, the popular news articles reinforce dominant ideals and performances of hegemonic masculinity and male sexuality, traditional femininity, and heteronormativity. While reinforcing such ideals, the prevention, treatment, and knowledge of prostate cancer is constructed as the responsibility of individual men. This study reveals that the articles favor discussions of heteronormativity and hegemonic masculinity over racism, rendering health inequalities silent.
Collapse
|
47
|
Glenn NM, McGannon KR, Spence JC. Exploring media representations of weight-loss surgery. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2013; 23:631-644. [PMID: 23282795 DOI: 10.1177/1049732312471731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Scholars have problematized popular culture and media (re)presentations of obesity/overweight. However, few have considered the ways bariatric surgery, a rapidly growing treatment for morbid obesity, fits within the discussion. In this article, we explore news media (re)presentations of bariatric surgery using an eclectic approach to critical discourse analysis. Our findings reveal dominant discourses about bariatric surgery and the surgical population, providing an understanding of media (re)presentations as possible contributors to bias, stigmatization, and discrimination. Novel in our findings was our identification of subject positions in the dominant discourses (which were biomedical and benevolent government). We argue that existing (re)presentations of bariatric surgery are highly problematic because they reinforce oversimplistic and binary understandings of weight-loss surgery and obesity, weaving a highly gendered fairy-tale narrative and ultimately promoting weight-based stigmatization.
Collapse
|
48
|
De Brún A, McCarthy M, McKenzie K, McGloin A. “Fat is your fault”. Gatekeepers to health, attributions of responsibility and the portrayal of gender in the Irish media representation of obesity. Appetite 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
49
|
O'Neill C, McCaughan E, Semple C, Ryan A. Fatherhood and cancer: a commentary on the literature. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2013; 22:161-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. O'Neill
- Institute of Nursing Research; University of Ulster; Coleraine; Northern Ireland; UK
| | - E. McCaughan
- Institute of Nursing Research; University of Ulster; Coleraine; Northern Ireland; UK
| | - C. Semple
- Institute of Nursing Research; University of Ulster; Coleraine; Northern Ireland; UK
| | - A. Ryan
- Institute of Nursing Research; University of Ulster; Coleraine; Northern Ireland; UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bennett E, Gough B. In pursuit of leanness: The management of appearance, affect and masculinities within a men’s weight loss forum. Health (London) 2012; 17:284-99. [DOI: 10.1177/1363459312454149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In a somatic society which promotes visible, idealized forms of embodiment, men are increasingly being interpellated as image-conscious body-subjects. Some research suggests that men negotiate appearance issues in complex and varied ways, partly because image concerns are conventionally feminized. However, little research has considered how overweight men construct body projects in the context of weight loss, or how men talk to each other about weight management efforts. Since sources of information and support for overweight men are now provided online, including dedicated weight loss discussion forums, our analysis focuses on one such forum, linked to a popular male-targeted magazine. We conducted a thematic analysis of selected extracts from seven threads on the forum. Our analysis suggests a widespread focus on appearance, as well as the use of emotion categories when describing difficult bodily experiences. Invariably, however, such talk was carefully constructed and constrained by hegemonic masculinities founded on discipline, work-orientation, pragmatism and self-reliance. The findings are discussed in relation to magazine masculinities and aesthetics, as well as literature on male embodiment.
Collapse
|