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Qaderi J, Lindblom J. Media portrayals of psychotropic agents in AD/HD treatment: A social constructionist approach. Health (London) 2024; 28:431-449. [PMID: 37077030 DOI: 10.1177/13634593231167060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades there has been a significant increase in diagnosing children and adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD), and in the use of pharmacological treatment with Ritalin, Concerta and Strattera for AD/HD. This development has given rise to scientific criticism, claiming that the pharmaceuticals prescribed by doctors are, to a large extent, ineffective or harmful. This study discusses media's portrayal of treatment of AD/HD. The aim of the article is to develop a social constructionist perspective, highlighting how scientific critique of pharmaceuticals for AD/HD is handled in the mass media. The authors introduce the concept of "psychopharmacological extensibility," which demonstrates the importance of collective definitional processes in society. Psychopharmacological extensibility reflects the fact that the perception of AD/HD agents as beneficial medicines or harmful drugs is open to interpretation and dependent on social factors related to context, power, rhetoric, and marketization. The empirical data are based on 211 articles from eight of the largest newspapers in Sweden, published between 2002 and 2021. The result shows that Swedish mass media, in numerous ways, neglects or undermines the scientific criticism made, thereby facilitating an increased use of the diagnosis and of psychotropic agents in society.
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Van Borek S, Logie CH, Mbende B, Ghoma Linguissi LS, MacKenzie F, Ouedraogo A, Lad A, Boumba A, Gittings L, Loemba H. Esengo ya Bosembo ("Joy of Equity"): Development of an Advocacy Video to Reduce Stigma and to Promote Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women Sex Professionals in Pointe-Noire, Congo Republic. Health Promot Pract 2024:15248399241245053. [PMID: 38660994 DOI: 10.1177/15248399241245053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Sex workers experience elevated risks of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) from intimate partners, clients, and community members that harms health and human rights. While SGBV contributes to poorer sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes among sex workers, including elevated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vulnerabilities, stigma targeting sex workers reduces SRH service access and uptake. The Congo Republic is an exemplar context to address stigma toward sex workers. Sex workers' HIV prevalence (8.1%) in Congo Republic is double the national prevalence, yet research indicates that nearly one-fifth (17.2%) of sex workers in Congo Republic avoid health care because of stigma and discrimination. This Resources, Frameworks, & Perspectives article describes the process of developing Esengo ya Bosembo ("Joy of Equity"), a culturally tailored advocacy video that aims to reduce health care and community stigma toward women sex professionals (e.g., sex workers) in Pointe-Noire, Congo Republic. This knowledge translation product stems from a participatory mapping intervention with sex professionals in Pointe-Noire that revealed the need for sensitization tools and activities to reduce sex work stigma among health care providers and community members. The video incorporates three overarching key messages: (1) sex professionals are human beings with equal rights to dignity, protection, and health services; (2) elevated risks of SGBV and stigma targeting sex workers reduce SRH service access and uptake; and (3) participatory mapping is a potential way to empower sex professionals to share their experiences and recommendations for change. This article details how health promotion practitioners and sex professionals may use the video to advocate for change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen H Logie
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Gender & Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bibiche Mbende
- Union pour l'Assistance aux Femmes Prostituées d'Afrique, Pointe-Noire, Congo
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lesley Gittings
- University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Coelho SM, Rosen JG, Schulz G, Meek K, Shipp L, Singh C, Willis K, Best A, Mcingana M, Mcloughlin J, Hausler H, Beyrer C, Baral SD, Schwartz SR. A decade of PrEP: the evolution of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis content and sentiments in South African print news media, 2012-2021. Cult Health Sex 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38656915 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2024.2344111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
After nearly a decade of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) rollout in sub-Saharan Africa, there has been limited study of PrEP messaging in news media. We selected twenty South African newspapers with the highest circulation volumes to retrieve articles published in 2012-2021 mentioning PrEP (N = 249). Using inductive content analysis, we developed a structured codebook to characterise PrEP-related content and sentiments, as well as their evolution over time, in the South African press. Many articles espoused favourable attitudes towards PrEP (52%), but a sizeable fraction espoused unfavourable attitudes (11%). Relative to PrEP-favourable articles, PrEP-unfavourable articles were significantly more likely to emphasise the drawbacks/consequences of PrEP use, including adherence/persistence requirements (52% vs. 24%, p = .007), cost (48% vs. 11%, p < .001), and risk compensation (52% vs. 5%, p < .001). Nevertheless, the presence of these drawbacks/consequences in print media largely declined over time. Key populations (e.g. adolescents, female sex workers) were frequently mentioned potential PrEP candidates. Despite message variations over time, prevention effectiveness and adherence/persistence requirements were the most widely cited PrEP benefits and drawbacks, respectively. Study findings demonstrate the dynamic nature of PrEP coverage in the South African press, likely in response to PrEP scale-up and real-world PrEP implementation during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simmona M Coelho
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph G Rosen
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gretchen Schulz
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Meek
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lillian Shipp
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kalai Willis
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Harry Hausler
- TB HIV Care, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Chris Beyrer
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stefan D Baral
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheree R Schwartz
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lee YH, DeJong W. Depictions of Firearms and Other Projectile Weapons in Top-Selling Japanese Manga. Psychol Rep 2024:332941241246204. [PMID: 38591268 DOI: 10.1177/00332941241246204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Firearm violence is a pressing public health issue in the United States and becoming increasingly so worldwide. This concern has prompted researchers to examine the prevalence of such violence in media entertainment. Japanese manga have a large youth readership in the U.S., yet research on their depictions of firearms is presently lacking. We randomly selected 50 chapters from each of ten top-selling manga series worldwide (N = 500) to identify dialogue, action, and other illustrations involving handguns, rifles, machine guns, other projectile weapons, and bombs. Of the 500 chapters, 129 (25.8%) had at least one depiction of a firearm or other projectile weapon, with 684 instances of characters handling (e.g., carrying, holding, firing, reloading) such a weapon. Of the 384 unique characters so depicted, the vast majority were males (88.3%), adults (92.2%), and "good" characters (73.4%). Manga readers, especially male adolescents and preteens, are frequently exposed to storylines in which one or more characters are using a firearm or other projectile weapon. Working collaboratively, manga publishers and distributors should act to develop and implement a comprehensive rating system to flag content that may be harmful to youth so that parents can more easily monitor what their children are reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Han Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health Professions and Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - William DeJong
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Lindström M. Sweden's excess mortality in 2020-2022 and reporting in the media. Scand J Public Health 2024:14034948241239353. [PMID: 38499977 DOI: 10.1177/14034948241239353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to scrutinize the report in March 2023 that Sweden's excess mortality was lowest in 2020-2022 compared with other European Union and Nordic countries, a report that received great national and international attention. STUDY DESIGN Comparison of excess mortality in Sweden and Norway. METHODS Excess mortality for 2020-2022 was calculated for Sweden and Norway, the country with per-capita excess mortality closest to Sweden's, compared with the average mortality for 2017-2019 in the respective country, following the definitions by Statistics Sweden reported in a daily newspaper. RESULTS Excess mortality is a measure with low misclassification compared with other pandemic outcome measures. Following the definitions, total excess mortality for the years 2020-2022 was 11,897 individuals in Sweden and 6089 in Norway. However, the distributions of excess mortality across the 3 years strongly differed. In Sweden, 60% of excess mortality was observed in 2020, 8% in 2021 and 32% in 2022. In sharp contrast, 0% of excess mortality was observed in Norway in 2020, 20% in 2021 and 80% in 2022. If the relative distribution of excess mortality in Sweden had been the same as in Norway in 2020-2022, approximately 7000 individuals who died in 2020 would instead have died as excess mortality in 2022, saving approximately 14,000 person-years in Sweden. CONCLUSIONS The report disregards residual confounding due to the broad definition of the period 2020-2022. Mass media should avoid one-sided reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lindström
- Social medicine and Health Policy, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö and Centre for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Banakar M, Lankarani KB, Vali M, Tabrizi R, Taherifard E, Akbari M. The effect of mass media campaigns on oral health knowledge: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2024; 22:15-23. [PMID: 37466282 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Knowledge and awareness gained from mass media can prepare people for lifestyle changes and impact their health and well-being. Considering the differences in the results of primary studies, we decided to conduct this study to evaluate the effect of mass media campaigns on oral health knowledge as a systematic meta-analysis and review. METHOD The databases such as the Web of Sciences (ISI), Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically until February 2022. Data pooling was performed using a random effects model. The effect sizes were estimated as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additional analyses, including sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses, were also conducted. RESULTS Our meta-analysis comprised a total number of seven articles. The pooled results indicated significant increases in oral health knowledge among included studies (OR = 1.64, 95% CI: 1.20-2.24, p < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, the effects of mass media campaigns on oral health knowledge remained significant for the studies with follow-up of less than 150 weeks (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.49-1.91) and working-age populations (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.40-2.32) compared to other categories. CONCLUSION In general, this study showed that mass media campaigns may have positive effects on oral health knowledge, especially in the working-age population; it seems that for improving health knowledge among children, more initiatives are needed. Besides, the effects of these campaigns seem to be time-dependent and higher in shorter follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Banakar
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K B Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohebat Vali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Valiasr Hospital, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- USERN office, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Erfan Taherifard
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Abstract
Concerns over the harmful effects of social media have directed public attention to media literacy as a potential remedy. Current conceptions of media literacy are frequently based on mass media, focusing on the analysis of common content and evaluation of the content using common values. This article initiates a new conceptual framework of social media literacy (SoMeLit). Moving away from the mass media-based assumptions of extant approaches, SoMeLit centers on the user's self in social media that is in dynamic causation with their choices of messages and networks. The foci of analysis in SoMeLit, therefore, are one's selections and values that influence and are influenced by the construction of one's reality on social media; and the evolving characteristics of social media platforms that set the boundaries of one's social media reality construction. Implications of the new components and dimensions of SoMeLit for future research, education, and action are discussed.
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Du W, Chen G, Gu M, Deng H, Choi WG. Corrigendum: Association between exposure to tobacco information through mass media, smoking households and secondhand smoke exposure in adolescents: Survey data from South Korea. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-10. [PMID: 38229664 PMCID: PMC10789181 DOI: 10.18332/tid/178472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.18332/tid/175705.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Du
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaoran Chen
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Minmin Gu
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Huixin Deng
- SWUFE-UD Institute of Data Science, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics-University of Delaware, Chengdu, China
| | - Won G. Choi
- Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Pol E, Castrechini-Trotta A, Pellicer-Cardona I, Cañete-Massé C. Communication, socialization, and ITC. The psychosocial construction of sustainability. Front Psychol 2024; 14:1277577. [PMID: 38250102 PMCID: PMC10796825 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1277577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the facets related to environmental crises (in the plural) have grown increasingly intricate. What began as environmentalists' apprehension over nature degradation and the encouragement of citizen-driven initiatives has evolved. The current shift in emphasis and prevailing message strives to foster a culture where citizens refrain from independent initiatives. Instead, the directive is to heed the guidance of the knowledgeable (scientists, politicians, corporations, interest groups, etc.), as substantiated by our investigative findings, which align, in part, with existing literature. Conversely, our exploration into environmental communication, notably the insights gleaned from longitudinal research concerning pro-environmental knowledge, attitudes, and actions, reveals a decline in citizens' effective inclinations toward embracing pro-environmental behaviors. Meanwhile, the escalation of the climate crisis is fueling heightened levels of echo-anxiety and solastalgia. This trajectory is closely intertwined with a growing global disillusionment within society - not just regarding the future - instilling a sense of disillusionment concerning pro-environmental messages and slogans disseminated by governing bodies and corporations. This has led to a state resembling learned helplessness, as articulated by Seligman, or what we prefer to term "induced" helplessness, rather than fostering conditions conducive to empowerment. This article comprehensively examines various reports and our inquiries, revealing how communication management and its constituents lie at the heart of forging novel narratives, fresh cognitive dissonances, and emerging social representations. Notably emphasized is the pivotal role played by information and communication technologies (ICT), particularly through dissemination on widely-used social networks. Since the 2010s, these platforms have assumed a paramount role in shaping socialization processes, surpassing educational institutions and conventional mass media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enric Pol
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Social, Environmental and Organizational Psychology Research Group (PsicoSAO), SGR 290 Catalonia Government, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angela Castrechini-Trotta
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Social, Environmental and Organizational Psychology Research Group (PsicoSAO), SGR 290 Catalonia Government, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Pellicer-Cardona
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Group on Interaction and Social Change (GRICS), SGR 233 Catalonia Government, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Cañete-Massé
- Psychology, Sciences of Education and Sport, Blanquerna, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
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Du W, Chen G, Gu M, Deng H, Cho WG. Association between exposure to tobacco information through mass media, smoking households and secondhand smoke exposure in adolescents: Survey data from South Korea. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-02. [PMID: 38188938 PMCID: PMC10767720 DOI: 10.18332/tid/175705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To explore the current situation of exposure of Korean adolescents to secondhand smoke (SHS) in households our study aimed to determine the relationship between family member smoking status, exposure to tobacco information through mass media, and household SHS exposure. METHODS The present study uses pooled data from the Korean adolescent health behavior online survey conducted in 2015, 2018 and 2021, with 157944 participants. The regression models were used to explore the association between the smoking status of households, and exposure to tobacco information through mass media, and household SHS exposure in adolescents, controlling for potential confounding factors. RESULTS SHS exposure duration of Korean adolescents in households was 0.88 days per week. The households with smokers including the father (β=1.087; 95% CI: 1.0-1.126), mother (β=1.461; 95% CI: 1.379- 1.543), siblings (β=0.545; 95% CI: 0.493-0.597), grandparents (β=0.224; 95% CI: 0.174-0.272), and other relatives (β=0.170; 95% CI: 0.126-0.214), showed a positive association with SHS exposure in adolescents within the household. At the same time, information about anti-smoking ads on television (β= -0.042; 95% CI: -0.069 - -0.015) and public transportation (β= -0.031; 95% CI: -0.054 - -0.010), showed a negative association with SHS exposure in adolescents. However, broadcasts, online, and newspaper non-smoking ads were not associated with SHS exposure (p>0.05). In addition, regression models revealed that exposure to cigarette advertising in magazines (β=0.131; 95% CI: 0.097-0.166), networks (β=0.151; 95% CI: 0.127-0.175), convenience stores (β=0.061; 95% CI: 0.035-0.087), and supermarkets (β=0.133; 95% CI: 0.108-0.158) is associated with SHS exposure in adolescents. Finally, our study showed stronger ties between SHS exposure, family smoking, and tobacco ads in girls. The link between maternal smoking, supermarket ads, and adolescent SHS exposure intensified in 2021 compared to 2015. CONCLUSIONS Family and media were identified as potential factors associated with SHS exposure in adolescents. Therefore, publicity and education regarding household SHS hazards, and smoking bans in media, can be helpful in protecting adolescents from SHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Du
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaoran Chen
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Minmin Gu
- Research Institute of Social Development, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Huixin Deng
- SWUFE-UD Institute of Data Science, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics-University of Delaware, Chengdu, China
| | - Won G. Cho
- Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Pfender EJ, Tsiandoulas K, Morain SR, Fowler LR. Hormonal Contraceptive Side Effects and Nonhormonal Alternatives on TikTok: A Content Analysis. Health Promot Pract 2024:15248399231221163. [PMID: 38166482 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231221163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The use of hormonal contraceptives is decreasing in the United States alongside a growing interest in nonhormonal contraceptive options. Social media messaging may be contributing to this trend. TikTok thus offers a novel opportunity to understand how people share information about risks and alternatives for pregnancy prevention. To describe the availability and content of information about hormonal contraceptive side effects and nonhormonal contraceptive options on TikTok, we conducted a content analysis of 100 videos using the hashtags #birthcontrolsideeffects and #nonhormonalcontraception. We found that these videos were popular and often framed hormonal contraceptives and patient-provider interactions negatively, with users frequently discussing discontinuation of hormonal contraception and no plans for uptake of another contraceptive. When uptake of a new contraceptive method is mentioned, creators typically mention a fertility awareness-based method, which requires specialized knowledge to use safely and effectively. The risks and side effects of hormonal options were often overemphasized compared with the possible risks and side effects of nonhormonal options. This framing may suggest opportunities for providers and health educators to reassess how they counsel about contraceptive options. We conclude with recommendations for future research on TikTok and consider the policy implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kate Tsiandoulas
- Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie R Morain
- Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Miyawaki R, Shibata A, Ishii K, Owen N, Oka K. Appropriately Addressing Too Much Sitting as a Public Health Issue: Content Analysis of Coverage in the Five Major National Japanese Newspapers. Asia Pac J Public Health 2024; 36:20-28. [PMID: 38152954 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231220470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent international public health guidelines now address reducing and breaking up time spent sitting (sedentary behavior). Japanese people spend considerable time sitting in workplaces and other contexts. With potential future public health guidelines in Japan, there is the need for greater public awareness of the importance of reducing sedentary time and of practical ways to do so. From the five major Japanese national newspapers, articles on sedentary behavior published between 2000 and 2021 were identified and coded for content analysis, including the main topic of the article, population group, sedentary behavior context or domain, health outcome, and solutions for reducing sedentary time. There were 53 articles identified, with sedentary behavior being the main topic in 22; workers as a population group appeared in 20 articles and workplaces as a domain in 22. More than 70% mentioned health influences, but fewer than 60% mentioned solutions. Further to informing the public about adverse health influences and consequences for workers and workplaces, there is also the need for improved coverage of the broader benefits of reducing sitting time, sedentary behavior among older adults and children, sitting in all aspects of daily life, and, importantly, considering public health guidelines and solutions for reducing prolonged sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Miyawaki
- School of Arts and Letters, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ai Shibata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaori Ishii
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Neville Owen
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Koichiro Oka
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
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Silva M, Loll D, Ezouatchi R, Kassegne S, Nagbe RHY, Babogou L, Moussa F, Werwie TR, Portillo E, Adou D, Vondrasek C, Rajan R, Dougherty L. Evaluating a youth-designed sexual and reproductive health mass and social media campaign in Côte d'Ivoire: triangulation of three independent evaluations. Sex Reprod Health Matters 2023; 31:2248748. [PMID: 37728549 PMCID: PMC10512782 DOI: 10.1080/26410397.2023.2248748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Merci Mon Héros (MMH) is a youth-designed multi-media campaign seeking to improve sexual and reproductive health and family planning (SRH/FP) outcomes among youth living in nine francophone countries. A mixed methods approach was implemented to assess the MMH campaign progress and impact in Côte d'Ivoire. Three data sources were triangulated to evaluate the campaign: social media listening (October 2019-January 2021); a quantitative cross-sectional monitoring survey (September 2020) with 412 youth (aged 16-24) and 597 adults (aged 25-49); and a qualitative study using a Most Significant Change approach (March 2021), including a total of 24 focus group discussions with youth (aged 15-24) and adults (aged 25+) exposed to the MMH campaign. Data from all three studies were analysed independently and then brought together through a triangulation workshop where the study team compared findings to achieve convergence in evaluation results. Social listening results showed topic-specific online conversations related to MMH campaign spiked significantly during the two-week period after topic-specific campaign posts (p < .05), suggesting potential campaign impact. Survey results showed both adults and youth were more likely to have spoken with someone about FP in the past five months if exposed to the campaign (p < 0.01). Qualitative findings support the campaign's effect on shifting attitudes and behavioural uptake of intergenerational communication among adults and youth. This evaluation shows evidence of MMH's strong potential for impact in encouraging communication and the need to focus efforts on strategies to strengthen supportive adults' communication competencies and redefine what it means to act in support of SRH/FP for youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Silva
- Assistant Professor, Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University Schools of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dana Loll
- Research & Evaluation Officer, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Timothy R. Werwie
- Research Officer, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin Portillo
- Senior Program Officer, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Denise Adou
- Program Officer, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
| | - Claudia Vondrasek
- Senior Program Officer II, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Radha Rajan
- Research & Evaluation Officer, Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Meekers D, Olutola O, Abu Turk L. Using responsive feedback from routine monitoring data to guide course corrections for a family planning intervention in Nigeria. Gates Open Res 2023; 7:75. [PMID: 38282787 PMCID: PMC10821895 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.14591.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This paper aims to promote the use of simple interrupted time series (ITS) analyses of routine data as a responsive feedback tool to improve public health programs. Although advanced ITS techniques exist, their use is often not feasible due to limitations in funding or research capacity. We propose an Excel-based analysis that requires minimal resources or statistical expertise, and illustrate it by measuring the effect of a radio campaign to promote a family planning call center in Nigeria on the demand for family planning information. Methods We used a single group interrupted time series design (ITS) as a responsive feedback mechanism to determine whether the radio campaign influenced use of the Honey&Banana call center. ITS is ideal when there is no control group. ITS uses the pre-intervention trend to predict what would have happened if the intervention were absent. Results After conducting ITS analyses, the results show that the number of calls requesting family planning information increased throughout the campaign period, with a gain of about 500 additional calls per month, and then decreased after the campaign ended. However, the number of calls gained from the campaign was substantially lower than anticipated. Conclusions While end-of-project impact evaluations are necessary, there should be regular feedback system to provide program implementers with information about the status of the project, such as failures, successes, and areas of improvements. This would allow implementers to make necessary adjustments as needed throughout the intervention period. The finding that the radio campaign was not living up to expectations helped Honey&Banana program implementers to end the campaign prematurely and re-allocate resources to a more promising activity. Our research shows that basic Excel-based ITS analysis of routine data can be a useful tool for receiving regular feedback to guide programming improvements for organizations that have limited resources and/or research capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Meekers
- Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
| | - Olaniyi Olutola
- DKT International, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Lynn Abu Turk
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA
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15
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Ersan Yaman H, Basaran-Acil S, Duygulu S. The positioning of nursing in Turkish mass media: Before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Int Nurs Rev 2023. [PMID: 37962071 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the way the nursing profession was portrayed in online news coverage before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND The power of the media can be used as a tool to introduce nursing services to society, make nursing visible, and influence the public perception of nursing. INTRODUCTION Analyzing the image of nursing as portrayed in the news can be a guide for more effective management of the media as a tool for positioning nursing in the future and presenting the right message. METHODS A qualitative design was applied. Three online newspapers published in the Turkish language-the most widely read newspapers in Turkey-were analyzed. The sample for this research consisted of 505 news articles containing the keywords "nurse" and "nursing" published before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The MAXQDA2022 software was used for data management. RESULTS The articles selected were themed as news reflecting the nursing profession negatively, positively, and neutrally. When the negative and positive themes were compared, the two most repeated subthemes included (1) working conditions and being unprofessionalism; (2) impact on health, social recognition, and neutral included only subtheme that happens to you as a citizen/individual. CONCLUSION Compared with the pre-COVID-19 period, there was an increase in news coverage reflecting portrayed nursing positively on the nursing profession in the post-COVID-19 period. Mass media, which are indispensable in social communication, can be used as an effective tool to improve the image of nursing in society. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING From nursing students to policymakers, all professionals must act in a planned and purposeful manner to present nursing professionals positively as leaders in public healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Ersan Yaman
- Nursing Services Administration Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seher Basaran-Acil
- Nursing Services Administration Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sergul Duygulu
- Nursing Services Administration Department, Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Shiroma K, Zimmerman T, Xie B, Fleischmann KR, Rich K, Lee MK, Verma N, Jia C. Older Adults' Trust and Distrust in COVID-19 Public Health Information: Qualitative Critical Incident Study. JMIR Aging 2023; 6:e42517. [PMID: 37856774 PMCID: PMC10637349 DOI: 10.2196/42517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 infodemic has imposed a disproportionate burden on older adults who face increased challenges in accessing and assessing public health information, but little is known about factors influencing older adults' trust in public health information during COVID-19. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify sources that older adults turn to for trusted COVID-19 public health information and factors that influence their trust. In addition, we explore the relationship between public health information sources and trust factors. METHODS Adults aged 65 years or older (N=30; mean age 71.6, SD 5.57; range 65-84 years) were recruited using Prime Panels. Semistructured phone interviews, guided by critical incident technique, were conducted in October and November 2020. Participants were asked about their sources of COVID-19 public health information, the trustworthiness of that information, and factors influencing their trust. Interview data were examined with thematic analysis. RESULTS Mass media, known individuals, and the internet were the older adults' main sources for COVID-19 public health information. Although they used social media for entertainment and personal communication, the older adults actively avoided accessing or sharing COVID-19 information on social media. Factors influencing their trust in COVID-19 public health information included confirmation bias, personal research, resigned acceptance, and personal relevance. CONCLUSIONS These findings shed light on older adults' use of information sources and their criteria for evaluating the trustworthiness of public health information during a pandemic. They have implications for the future development of effective public health communication, policies, and interventions for older adults during health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Shiroma
- School of Information, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Tara Zimmerman
- School of Information, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Bo Xie
- School of Information, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | | | - Kate Rich
- School of Information, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
- Department of Communication, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Min Kyung Lee
- School of Information, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Nitin Verma
- School of Information, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Chenyan Jia
- School of Journalism, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
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Pinto R, Lacerda J, Silva L, Araújo AC, Fontes R, Lima TS, Miranda AE, Sanjuán L, Gonçalo Oliveira H, Atun R, Valentim R. Text mining analysis to understand the impact of online news on public health response: case of syphilis epidemic in Brazil. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1248121. [PMID: 38026344 PMCID: PMC10646330 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1248121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To effectively combat the rising incidence of syphilis, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) created a National Rapid Response to Syphilis with actions aimed at bolstering epidemiological surveillance of acquired, congenital syphilis, and syphilis during pregnancy complemented with communication activities to raise population awareness and to increase uptake of testing that targeted mass media outlets from November 2018 to March 2019 throughout Brazil, and mainly areas with high rates of syphilis. This study analyzes the volume and quality of online news content on syphilis in Brazil between 2015 and 2019 and examines its effect on testing. Methods The collection and processing of online news were automated by means of a proprietary digital health ecosystem established for the study. We applied text data mining techniques to online news to extract patterns from categories of text. The presence and combination of such categories in collected texts determined the quality of news that were analyzed to classify them as high-, medium-and low-quality news. We examined the correlation between the quality of news and the volume of syphilis testing using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient. Results 1,049 web pages were collected using a Google Search API, of which 630 were categorized as earned media. We observed a steady increase in the number of news on syphilis in 2015 (n = 18), 2016 (n = 26), and 2017 (n = 42), with a substantial rise in the number of news in 2018 (n = 107) and 2019 (n = 437), although the relative proportion of high-quality news remained consistently high (77.6 and 70.5% respectively) and in line with similar years. We found a correlation between news quality and syphilis testing performed in primary health care with an increase of 82.32, 78.13, and 73.20%, respectively, in the three types of treponemal tests used to confirm an infection. Conclusion Effective communication strategies that lead to dissemination of high quality of information are important to increase uptake of public health policy actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pinto
- Department of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Information Systems Coordination, Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Juciano Lacerda
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Social Communication, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Lyrene Silva
- Department of Informatics and Applied Mathematics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Araújo
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Social Communication, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Raphael Fontes
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Thaisa Santos Lima
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Federal Senate, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Angélica E. Miranda
- Ministry of Health, Brasília, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Lucía Sanjuán
- Department of Social and Cultural Anthropology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Gonçalo Oliveira
- Centre for Informatics and Systems of the University of Coimbra (CISUC), Department of Informatics Engineering (DEI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rifat Atun
- Health Systems Innovation Lab, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ricardo Valentim
- Laboratory of Technological Innovation in Health (LAIS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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18
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Ramírez AS, Houston K, Bateman C, Campos-Melendez Z, Estrada E, Grassi K, Greenberg E, Johnson K, Nathan S, Perez-Zuniga R. Communicating about the social determinants of health: development of a local brand. J Commun Healthc 2023; 16:231-238. [PMID: 36946864 PMCID: PMC10514231 DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2023.2192579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful comprehensive population-based approaches to chronic disease prevention leverage mass media to amplify messages and support a culture of health. We report on a community-engaged formative evaluation to segment audiences and identify major themes to guide campaign message development for a transformative health communication campaign. METHODS Four key phases of campaign development: (I) Formative evaluation to identify priorities, guiding themes, and audience segments (interviews/focus groups with residents, N = 85; representatives of community-based partner organizations, N = 10); (II) Brand development (focus groups and closed-ended surveys; N = 56); (III) Message testing approaches to verbal and visual appeals (N = 50 resident intercept interviews); (IV) Workshop (N = 26 participants representing 15 organizations). RESULTS Residents were engaged throughout campaign development and the resulting campaign materials, including the campaign name and visual aesthetic (logo, color schemes, overall look and feel) reflect the diversity of the community and were accepted and valued by diverse groups in the community. Campaign materials featuring photos of county residents were created in English, Spanish, and Hmong. Plain language messages on social determinants of health resonate with residents. The county was described as a sort of idyllic environment burdened by inequality and structural challenges. Residents demonstrated enthusiasm for the campaign and provided specific suggestions for content (education about disease risks, prevention, management; information about accessing resources; testimonials from similar people) and tone. CONCLUSIONS Communication to support a policy, systems, and environmental change approach to chronic disease prevention must carefully match messages with appropriate audiences. We discuss challenges in such messaging and effectiveness across multiple, diverse audiences.
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Gascoyne C, Scully M, Wakefield M, Morley B. Potential impact of the adult-targeted LiveLighter "Sugary Drinks" campaign on adolescent consumption: Findings from a national cross-sectional school survey. Health Promot J Austr 2023; 34:759-764. [PMID: 36727405 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED To examine the potential impact on trends in reported adolescent sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption following the adult-targeted Western Australian (WA) LiveLighter "Sugary Drinks" campaign, which is a television-led healthy lifestyle promotion and education mass media campaign that aired in multiple bursts between July 2013 and December 2018. METHODS Data were from a repeated cross-sectional survey of Australian secondary school students aged 12-17 years conducted nation-wide in 2009-2010 (n = 13 790 from 238 schools), 2012-2013 (n = 10 309 from 196 schools) and 2018 (n = 9102 from 104 schools). RESULTS Significant declines in high SSB consumption (≥4 cups/week) were observed between 2009-2010 and 2012-2013 among students in both WA (27.1% vs 20.3%; odds ratio [OR] = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.50-0.84, P = .001) and all other states and territories combined (30.6% vs 21.4%; OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.53-0.68, P < .001). Compared to 2012-2013, the proportion of students in WA who reported high SSB consumption was significantly lower in 2018 (20.3% vs 9.6%; OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.21-0.65, P = .001), whereas this significant decrease was not observed in all other states and territories combined (21.4% vs 17.8%; OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.67-0.97, P = .024). Interaction testing indicated that the recent decline observed in WA was more pronounced among female than male students. CONCLUSIONS Mass media campaigns targeted towards the Australian adult population may have favourable effects among adolescents with the steeper decline in high SSB consumption observed in WA between 2012-2013 and 2018 coinciding with the repeated airing of the LiveLighter "Sugary Drinks" campaign in this state. SO WHAT?: Government investment in mass media campaigns may hasten declines in adolescents' SSB consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gascoyne
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maree Scully
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Melanie Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Belinda Morley
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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20
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O'Hara BJ, Owen KB, Bauman AE, Dunlop S, Phongsavan P, Furestad E, Scott N, Freeman B. Hope and sadness: Balancing emotions in tobacco control mass media campaigns aimed at smokers. Health Promot J Austr 2023; 34:856-866. [PMID: 36444612 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Australia has smoking prevalence of less than 15% among adults, but there are concerns that the rates of decline have stabilised. Sustained mass media campaigns are central to decreasing prevalence, and the emotions evoked by campaigns contribute to their impact. This study investigates the association between potential exposure to campaigns that evoke different emotions on quitting salience (thinking about quitting), quitting intentions and quitting attempts. METHODS Data on quitting outcomes were obtained from weekly cross-sectional telephone surveys with adult smokers and recent quitters between 2013 and 2018. Campaign activity data were collated, and population-level potential campaign exposure was measured by time and dose. RESULTS Using multivariate analyses, a positive association between potential exposure to 'hope' campaigns and thinking about quitting and intending to quit was noted, but no association was seen with quit attempts. Potential exposure to 'sadness' evoking campaigns was positively associated with quitting salience and negatively associated with quit attempts, whereas those potentially exposed to campaigns evoking multiple negative emotions (fear, guilt and sadness) were approximately 30% more likely to make a quit attempt. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a relationship between the emotional content of campaigns, quitting behaviours. Campaign planners should consider campaigns that evoke negative emotions for population-wide efforts to bring about quitting activity alongside hopeful campaigns that promote quitting salience and quitting intentions. The emotional content of campaigns provides an additional consideration for campaigns targeting smokers and influencing quitting activity. SO WHAT?: This study demonstrates the importance of balancing the emotional content of campaigns to ensure that campaign advertising is given the greatest chance to achieve its objectives. Utilising campaigns that evoke negative emotions appear to be needed to encourage quitting attempts but maintaining hopeful campaigns to promote thinking about quitting and intending to quit is also an important component of the mix of tobacco control campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe J O'Hara
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally Dunlop
- Screening and Prevention Division, Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erin Furestad
- Screening and Prevention Division, Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola Scott
- Screening and Prevention Division, Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Becky Freeman
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Luo Y, Biggs D, Zhao W, Clark SG. Tracking Chinese newspaper coverage of elephant ivory through topic modeling. Conserv Biol 2023; 37:e14072. [PMID: 36748394 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mass media worldwide has contributed to increasing awareness of the illegal wildlife trade and its significant impact on wildlife conservation. We used mass media coverage as a proxy for macro-level public opinion to analyze the media framing of elephant ivory in 6394 Chinese newspaper articles published from 2000 to 2021 and thus determine the effects of wildlife policies on public opinion. We focused on 2 events: the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) approval of China as a trading partner in the purchase and import of ivory stockpiles from Africa in July 2008 and the Chinese government's announcement of a domestic ivory ban in December 2016. Using latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling, we identified 8 topics about elephant ivory and grouped them into 3 frames: ivory arts and culture, ivory crimes, and elephant conservation. Over the last 2 decades, topics related to ivory crimes remained the most prevalent in news articles. Topics about ivory arts and culture showed a significant shift in media salience before and after the 2 events (from 0.44 to 0.19 and from 0.08 to 0.15, respectively, p < 0.05), whereas the other 2 frames did not change significantly. Contrary to popular belief, our results indicated that Chinese macro-level public opinion on ivory had become more negative following the CITES approval of ivory importation and less negative after the ivory ban announcement, at least for certain periods. The relationship between mass media, public opinion, and wildlife trade policies is complex and requires further examination of the sociopolitical dynamics that influence media narratives. Our results showed the value of topic modeling in monitoring and assessing media representations of wildlife issues in the era of big data. Conservationists should remain vigilant of mass media coverage and collaborate with media practitioners to produce comprehensive narratives on wildlife issues if resources permit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Gao
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative, Jackson, Wyoming, USA
| | - Yuntian Liu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - Duan Biggs
- School of Earth and Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
- Resilient Conservation, Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Complex Systems in Transition, School of Public Leadership, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Weiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ecology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Susan G Clark
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Northern Rockies Conservation Cooperative, Jackson, Wyoming, USA
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Dhawan V, Dhandore S, Chakraborty AB, Dhalaria P, Jethwaney J, Singh AK. Exploring Vaccine Hesitancy and Uptake during COVID-19: A Review of PM's Mann Ki Baat Dialogue. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:644-647. [PMID: 37970169 PMCID: PMC10637587 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_248_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Public health programmes are interlinked and intertwined with communication, advocacy and social mobilisation for their success. The unprecedented situation created by COVID-19 brought a medical emergency all over the world, the like of which was probably not seen after the Spanish Flu outbreak, a century ago. First there seemed no solution in sight when tens of thousands of people lost their lives to the coronavirus in various countries, but when the vaccine arrived, there were, in general, doubts about its efficacy and safety. Indian scenario was not any different. When the government launched the vaccine in a campaign mode in January 2021, it was also battling with misperceptions and vaccine hesitancy. Prime Minister Narendra Modi took it upon himself to address the issue through his various addresses to the nation and his signature programme Mann ki Baat (MKB) on the radio. This review paper examines the empirical research on MKB coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic, the media multiplier impact of the MKB, people's voices through their engagement with various social media platforms, and what is the impact on vaccine uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Dhawan
- Immunization Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Suhas Dhandore
- Immunization Division, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pritu Dhalaria
- Immunization Technical Support Unit, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Jaishri Jethwaney
- Immunization Technical Support Unit, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajeet Kumar Singh
- Immunization Technical Support Unit, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
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Alvarez-Mon MA, Pereira-Sanchez V, Hooker ER, Sanchez F, Alvarez-Mon M, Teo AR. Content and User Engagement of Health-Related Behavior Tweets Posted by Mass Media Outlets From Spain and the United States Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Infodemiology Study. JMIR Infodemiology 2023; 3:e43685. [PMID: 37347948 PMCID: PMC10445660 DOI: 10.2196/43685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the early pandemic, there was substantial variation in public and government responses to COVID-19 in Europe and the United States. Mass media are a vital source of health information and news, frequently disseminating this information through social media, and may influence public and policy responses to the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the extent to which major media outlets in the United States and Spain tweeted about health-related behaviors (HRBs) relevant to COVID-19, compare the tweeting patterns between media outlets of both countries, and determine user engagement in response to these tweets. METHODS We investigated tweets posted by 30 major media outlets (n=17, 57% from Spain and n=13, 43% from the United States) between December 1, 2019 and May 31, 2020, which included keywords related to HRBs relevant to COVID-19. We classified tweets into 6 categories: mask-wearing, physical distancing, handwashing, quarantine or confinement, disinfecting objects, or multiple HRBs (any combination of the prior HRB categories). Additionally, we assessed the likes and retweets generated by each tweet. Poisson regression analyses compared the average predicted number of likes and retweets between the different HRB categories and between countries. RESULTS Of 50,415 tweets initially collected, 8552 contained content associated with an HRB relevant to COVID-19. Of these, 600 were randomly chosen for training, and 2351 tweets were randomly selected for manual content analysis. Of the 2351 COVID-19-related tweets included in the content analysis, 62.91% (1479/2351) mentioned at least one HRB. The proportion of COVID-19 tweets mentioning at least one HRB differed significantly between countries (P=.006). Quarantine or confinement was mentioned in nearly half of all the HRB tweets in both countries. In contrast, the least frequently mentioned HRBs were disinfecting objects in Spain 6.9% (56/809) and handwashing in the United States 9.1% (61/670). For tweets from the United States mentioning at least one HRB, disinfecting objects had the highest median likes and retweets, whereas mask-wearing- and handwashing-related tweets achieved the highest median number of likes in Spain. Tweets from Spain that mentioned social distancing or disinfecting objects had a significantly lower predicted count of likes compared with tweets mentioning a different HRB (P=.02 and P=.01, respectively). Tweets from the United States that mentioned quarantine or confinement or disinfecting objects had a significantly lower predicted number of likes compared with tweets mentioning a different HRB (P<.001), whereas mask- and handwashing-related tweets had a significantly greater predicted number of likes (P=.04 and P=.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The type of HRB content and engagement with media outlet tweets varied between Spain and the United States early in the pandemic. However, content related to quarantine or confinement and engagement with handwashing was relatively high in both countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University Hospital Infanta Leonor, Madrid, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Pereira-Sanchez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Hooker
- VA Portland Health Care System, Health Services Research & Development Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, Portland, OR, United States
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Facundo Sanchez
- Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center, New York, NY, United States
- Devers Eye Institute, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alan R Teo
- VA Portland Health Care System, Health Services Research & Development Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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Mitsuhashi T. Assessing Vulnerability to Surges in Suicide-Related Tweets Using Japan Census Data: Case-Only Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e47798. [PMID: 37561553 PMCID: PMC10450538 DOI: 10.2196/47798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the use of social media becomes more widespread, its impact on health cannot be ignored. However, limited research has been conducted on the relationship between social media and suicide. Little is known about individuals' vulnerable to suicide, especially when social media suicide information is extremely prevalent. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify the characteristics underlying individuals' vulnerability to suicide brought about by an increase in suicide-related tweets, thereby contributing to public health. METHODS A case-only design was used to investigate vulnerability to suicide using individual data of people who died by suicide and tweet data from January 1, 2011, through December 31, 2014. Mortality data were obtained from Japanese government statistics, and tweet data were provided by a commercial service. Tweet data identified the days when suicide-related tweets surged, and the date-keyed merging was performed by considering 3 and 7 lag days. For the merged data set for analysis, the logistic regression model was fitted with one of the personal characteristics of interest as a dependent variable and the dichotomous exposure variable. This analysis was performed to estimate the interaction between the surges in suicide-related tweets and personal characteristics of the suicide victims as case-only odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. For the sensitivity analysis, unexpected deaths other than suicide were considered. RESULTS During the study period, there were 159,490 suicides and 115,072 unexpected deaths, and the number of suicide-related tweets was 2,804,999. Following the 3-day lag of a highly tweeted day, there were significant interactions for those who were aged 40 years or younger (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03-1.15), male (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.07-1.18), divorced (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03 1.19), unemployed (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02-1.22), and living in urban areas (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.17 1.35). By contrast, widowed individuals had significantly lower interactions (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.77-0.89). Except for unemployment, significant relationships were also observed for the 7-day lag. For the sensitivity analysis, no significant interactions were observed for other unexpected deaths in the 3-day lag, and only the widowed had a significantly larger interaction than those who were married (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02-1.15) in the 7-day lag. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the interactions of personal characteristics associated with susceptibility to suicide-related tweets. In addition, a few significant relationships were observed in the sensitivity analysis, suggesting that such an interaction is specific to suicide deaths. In other words, individuals with these characteristics, such as being young, male, unemployed, and divorced, may be vulnerable to surges in suicide-related tweets. Thus, minimizing public health strain by identifying people who are vulnerable and susceptible to a surge in suicide-related information on the internet is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Mitsuhashi
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
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25
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Gupta B, Kumar N, Mahajan A. Awareness about Tobacco Causing Head and Neck Cancers via Mass Media: A Case-Control Study from India. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2593-2600. [PMID: 37642044 PMCID: PMC10685227 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.8.2593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the awareness of people about the adverse effects of tobacco (smoking and chewing) consumption causing head and neck cancers (HNCs) via mass media channels like television, cinema, radio and newspapers or magazines, wall painting or billboards / hoardings, public transportation and packets of chewing tobacco, bidis or cigarettes. METHODS Hospital-based case-control was conducted in Pune, Maharashtra, India. Face to face interviews were conducted for the purpose of data collection on 225 cases and 240 controls. The relationship between two categorical variables were estimated using chi-square test with a 2-tailed P value of <.05. SPSS software was used for data analysis. RESULTS Controls as compared to cases had good awareness scores for chewing (59.9%) and smoking tobacco (63.7%), P<0.001. The most common form of mass media was television where the cases (60.4%) and controls (77.9%) had heard messages about tobacco in chewing and smoking form causing HNCs. Level of awareness of tobacco causing HNCs amongst tobacco users, stratified by their status (cases versus controls) showed that cases were 1.68 times less likely than controls to have heard or seen messages about the association between chewing tobacco and HNCs via radio. Males (61.3% and 61.0%) had significantly (P<0.001) more awareness as compared to females (46.9% and 43.5%) about chewing and smoking tobacco as a causal factor for HNCs. CONCLUSION Mass media needs to create a social environment which discourages tobacco consumption and promotes oral health at the population level. Additionally, there should be easy access to the availability of support services like Quitline and other community support services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawna Gupta
- Department of Public health Torrens University Melbourne, Australia.
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26
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Teschendorf VS. The German media as amplifier of the political agenda: The economic policy framing of European conflicts in times of COVID-19. Eur J Commun 2023; 38:345-362. [PMID: 38603174 PMCID: PMC9577716 DOI: 10.1177/02673231221130926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Especially in times of (corona) crisis, the German press plays a crucial role in communicating Germany's economic policy orientation, influencing how the crisis is communicated to the public. The issue of joint European debt has never been more visible than in these times, as has the threat of a new euro crisis-Italy in focus. This study explores the German media framing of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) using Italy as an example. Applying quantitative content analysis, the relative prevalence of frames rooted in competing economic policy paradigms (neoliberal/Keynesian) in press coverage from February to July 2020 is examined. The Keynesian paradigm dominates coverage. Using logit analysis, issue-specific neoliberal frames are identified as solution oriented, while Keynesian frames focus on evaluations. With Germany's policy shift regarding European joint debt and toward European greater fiscal integration, a paradigm shift is observable. Overall, findings demonstrate a relatively paradigmatic pluralistic reporting.
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Vasilenko EI, Voskoboinikova AP, Polonskiy AV, Korochensky AP. [Medical discourse as a social activity: formation, priorities, dynamics (based on the material of the Russian popular science magazine «Zdorovie»)]. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med 2023; 31:691-695. [PMID: 37742234 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866x-2023-31-s1-691-695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Increasing interest in society in topics related to medicine and health is due to the current trend to consider physical, mental and social well-being as a basic human need. In the context of modern life, health is perceived as one of the most important values of an individual and society as a whole, therefore, medical discourse today plays a special role in culture, covering not only the professional expert and scientific community, but also the widest audience - the audience of the media. The media play a key role as a source of medical information and its targeted and targeted distribution. In this article, the medical discourse is analyzed in terms of its formation as a social activity and the role of modern mass media in it. The aim of the study is to analyze the demand for medical discourse in society and the features of its mediatization, which is the most important factor in the value-semantic dynamics of society and its way of life. The main empirical material is publications in the magazine "Zdorovie", the most popular Russian publication about a healthy lifestyle, medicine, practices for the treatment and prevention of diseases, the art of preserving beauty and vitality. The discourse of the popular scientific magazine "Zdorovie" as a very important segment of the value-semantic space of modern media is represented by a set of genres aimed at disseminating theoretical and practical medical knowledge, experience and providing medical services, taking into account the characteristics of medical subjects. dis-course, their information needs and problem-thematic requests, goal-setting attitudes, the degree and nature of interest, as well as the level of professional, general cultural and communicative competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I Vasilenko
- Belgorod State University, 308015, Belgorod, Russia,
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28
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Comer L, Donelle L, Ngole M, Shelley JJ, Kothari A, Smith M, Shelley JM, Stranges S, Hiebert B, Gilliland J, Burkell J, Cooke T, Hall J, Long J. An investigation of media reports of digital surveillance within the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Digit Health 2023; 5:1215685. [PMID: 37564881 PMCID: PMC10411532 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2023.1215685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a surge in digital public health surveillance worldwide, with limited opportunities to consider the effectiveness or impact of digital surveillance. The news media shape public understanding of topics of importance, contributing to our perception of priority issues. This study investigated news media reports published during the first year of the pandemic to understand how the use and consequences of digital surveillance technologies were reported on. Methods A media content analysis of 34 high- to low-income countries was completed. The terms "COVID-19," "surveillance," "technologies," and "public health" were used to retrieve and inductively code media reports. Results Of the 1,001 reports, most were web-based or newspaper sources on the development and deployment of technologies directed at contact tracing, enforcing quarantine, predicting disease spread, and allocating resources. Technology types included mobile apps, wearable devices, "smart" thermometers, GPS/Bluetooth, facial recognition, and security cameras. Repurposed data from social media, travel cards/passports, and consumer purchases also provided surveillance insight. Media reports focused on factors impacting surveillance success (public participation and data validity) and the emerging consequences of digital surveillance on human rights, function creep, data security, and trust. Discussion Diverse digital technologies were developed and used for public health surveillance during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of these technologies and witnessed or anticipated consequences were reported by a variety of media sources worldwide. The news media are an important public health information resource, as media outlets contribute to directing public understanding and shaping priority public health surveillance issues. Our findings raise important questions around how journalists decide which aspects of public health crises to report on and how these issues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigha Comer
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Lorie Donelle
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Marionette Ngole
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | | - Anita Kothari
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Maxwell Smith
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - James M. Shelley
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Saverio Stranges
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Departments of Family Medicine and Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- The Africa Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Brad Hiebert
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jacquelyn Burkell
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tommy Cooke
- Surveillance Studies Centre, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Jodi Hall
- School of Nursing, Fanshawe College, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jed Long
- Department of Geography and Environment, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Amini M, Ghodsi D, Zargaraan A, Alibeyk S, Hajigholam-Saryazdi M. Violation of Food Advertising Regulations in Iran: A Systematic Review. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:91. [PMID: 37855007 PMCID: PMC10580200 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_509_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the status of nutritionally high-risk behaviors in the country are not promising. Because of undeniable impact of media advertising on food choices, to combat the problem some regulations on food advertisements are developed in the country. However, the high prevalence of NCDs warns of the possibility that either the laws are not given the necessary attention or they are not implemented properly. Therefore in the present review, all studies on how the country's visual and written mass media comply with regulations related to food product advertisement were systematically reviewed. Methods We searched all studies, including Persian and English articles, dissertations, and research projects, published and unpublished reports in eight domestic and international databases and search engines during the years 1996 to December of 2020 (25 years). Then, the content of the eligible studies was extracted, evaluated, and reported. Results A total of 18 eligible studies (articles and reports) were included in the review. The results indicated violations of rules and regulations including displaying food products of low nutritional value and obese people, misleading/exaggerating claims, award offers, induction of gluttony, consumerism, and inconsistency with scientific facts. Most of the studies (55%) had, implicitly or explicitly, targeted children and adolescents. Conclusions The results of this study indicated a violation of the rules and regulations of health policies, mainly in the field of promoting foods of low nutritional value during the study period. Violations of the ban on advertising for children were also reported in more than half of the studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Amini
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Delaram Ghodsi
- Department of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azizollaah Zargaraan
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alibeyk
- Department of Library, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Hajigholam-Saryazdi
- Department of Library, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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30
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Orianne JF. [Collective memory and social memory: contributions of sociology to a general theory of memory]. Biol Aujourdhui 2023; 217:65-72. [PMID: 37409866 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Is a general theory of memory possible? What contribution can sociology make to this vast scientific project? Two original contributions are presented and discussed in this article: (1) the concept of collective memory (Maurice Halbwachs); (2) the concept of social memory (Niklas Luhmann). The author proposes some important theoretical clarifications. First, memory is neither a stock nor a collection (of past states or events) but rather a continuous operation of sorting between remembering and forgetting. Secondly, collective memory is not social memory: indeed, the former is a specific operation of psychic systems whereas the latter is an operation of communication, specific to social systems. In the particular case of the attacks of November 13, 2015 in Paris, the author shows the function of social memory that the mass media system fulfills and how these operations of filtering meaning condition the construction of traumatic memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Orianne
- Institut de Recherches en Sciences Sociales, Bâtiment B31 - Quartier Agora, 3 Place des Orateurs, 4000 Liège, Belgique
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31
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Xian J, Zhang Z, Li Z, Yang D. Coupled Information-Epidemic Spreading Dynamics with Selective Mass Media. Entropy (Basel) 2023; 25:927. [PMID: 37372271 DOI: 10.3390/e25060927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
As a pandemic emerges, information on epidemic prevention disseminates among the populace, and the propagation of that information interacts with the proliferation of the disease. Mass media serve a pivotal function in facilitating the dissemination of epidemic-related information. Investigating coupled information-epidemic dynamics, while accounting for the promotional effect of mass media in information dissemination, is of significant practical relevance. Nonetheless, in the extant research, scholars predominantly employ an assumption that mass media broadcast to all individuals equally within the network: this assumption overlooks the practical constraint imposed by the substantial social resources required to accomplish such comprehensive promotion. In response, this study introduces a coupled information-epidemic spreading model with mass media that can selectively target and disseminate information to a specific proportion of high-degree nodes. We employed a microscopic Markov chain methodology to scrutinize our model, and we examined the influence of the various model parameters on the dynamic process. The findings of this study reveal that mass media broadcasts directed towards high-degree nodes within the information spreading layer can substantially reduce the infection density of the epidemic, and raise the spreading threshold of the epidemic. Additionally, as the mass media broadcast proportion increases, the suppression effect on the disease becomes stronger. Moreover, with a constant broadcast proportion, the suppression effect of mass media promotion on epidemic spreading within the model is more pronounced in a multiplex network with a negative interlayer degree correlation, compared to scenarios with positive or absent interlayer degree correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Xian
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zongyi Li
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Dan Yang
- Department of Computer Science, School of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
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Bauder L, Giangobbe K, Asgary R. Barriers and Gaps in Effective Health Communication at Both Public Health and Healthcare Delivery Levels During Epidemics and Pandemics; Systematic Review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e395. [PMID: 37202845 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess gaps and barriers to effective health communication during epidemics, pandemics, and mass health emergencies. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted in PubMed (National Library of Medicine, Maryland, USA), SCOPUS (Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands), Cochrane (Cochrane, London, UK), and grey literature between 2000 to 2020. RESULTS 16043 of 16535 identified citations were eliminated through title/ abstracts screening, 437 through full-text review and 55 articles were assessed qualitatively. Key barriers to effective health communication included misinformation, distrust, limited collaboration, and messaging inconsistency. Lack of information/ research was not the primary challenge. Major gaps were in mass and social media strategies, characteristics of messages, sociocultural contexts, digital communication, rapid response, providers' attitude and perception, and information source characteristics. Health messaging should be adaptable to information outlets and tailored for the most vulnerable. Denigration of individuals with inaccurate beliefs increases misinformation and baseline knowledge differences and fears should be addressed without polarization. Involving frontline providers in health communication strategies is crucial. CONCLUSIONS Primary reason for misinformation is the failure of health sector to convincingly convey accurate information. With input from all stakeholders, especially trusted members of communities and providers, health communication should include reinvestment in methods, multidimensional and multidisciplinary approaches, consistent frameworks, improved social media usage, clear, simple, and targeted messaging, and addressing systematic disinformation and misinformation with intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Bauder
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Katrina Giangobbe
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
| | - Ramin Asgary
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington DC, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Bookari K, Arrish J, Alkhalaf MM, Alharbi MH, Zaher S, Alotaibi HM, Tayyem R, Al-Awwad N, Qasrawi R, Allehdan S, Al Sabbah H, AlMajed S, Al Hinai E, Kamel I, Ati JE, Harb Z, Hoteit M. Perspectives and practices of dietitians with regards to social/ mass media use during the transitions from face-to-face to telenutrition in the time of COVID-19: A cross-sectional survey in 10 Arab countries. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1151648. [PMID: 37234764 PMCID: PMC10208426 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1151648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, most healthcare professionals switched from face-to-face clinical encounters to telehealth. This study sought to investigate the dietitians' perceptions and practices toward the use of social/mass media platforms amid the transition from face-to-face to telenutrition in the time of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study involving a convenient sample of 2,542 dietitians (mean age = 31.7 ± 9.5; females: 88.2%) was launched in 10 Arab countries between November 2020 and January 2021. Data were collected using an online self-administrated questionnaire. Study findings showed that dietitians' reliance on telenutrition increased by 11% during the pandemic, p = 0.001. Furthermore, 63.0% of them reported adopting telenutrition to cover consultation activities. Instagram was the platform that was most frequently used by 51.7% of dietitians. Dietitians shouldered new difficulties in dispelling nutrition myths during the pandemic (58.2% reported doing so vs. 51.4% pre-pandemic, p < 0.001). Compared to the pre-pandemic period, more dietitians perceived the importance of adopting tele nutrition's clinical and non-clinical services (86.9% vs. 68.0%, p = 0.001), with 76.6% being confident in this practice. In addition, 90.0% of the participants received no support from their work facilities for social media usage. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, the majority of dietitians (80.0%) observed a rise in public interest in nutrition-related topics, particularly those pertaining to healthy eating habits (p = 0.001), healthy recipes (p = 0.001), nutrition and immunity (p = 0.001), and medical nutrition therapies (p = 0.012). Time constraint was the most prevalent barrier to offering telenutrition for nutrition care (32.1%), whereas leveraging a quick and easy information exchange was the most rewarding benefit for 69.3% of the dietitians. In conclusion, to ensure a consistent provision of nutrition care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic, dietitians working in Arab countries adopted alternative telenutrition approaches through social/mass media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khlood Bookari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- National Nutrition Committee (NNC), Saudi Food and Drug Authority (Saudi FDA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamila Arrish
- National Nutrition Committee (NNC), Saudi Food and Drug Authority (Saudi FDA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majid M. Alkhalaf
- National Nutrition Committee (NNC), Saudi Food and Drug Authority (Saudi FDA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudi H. Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Zaher
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- National Nutrition Committee (NNC), Saudi Food and Drug Authority (Saudi FDA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hawazin M. Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema Tayyem
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Narmeen Al-Awwad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Radwan Qasrawi
- Department of Computer Science, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestine
- Department of Computer Engineering, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sabika Allehdan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Bahrain
| | - Haleama Al Sabbah
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sana AlMajed
- Food and Nutrition Administration, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Eiman Al Hinai
- Dietetics and Nutrition Department, Al Nahdha Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Jalila El Ati
- INNTA (National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology), SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ziad Harb
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Maha Hoteit
- Food Sciences Unit, National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS), Beirut, Lebanon
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Cruz WGN, Jesuino TA, Moreno HF, Santos LG, de Almeida AG. Impact Analysis of the Brazilian Suicide Prevention Campaign "Yellow September": an Ecological Study. Trends Psychiatry Psychother 2023. [PMID: 37010932 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2022-0564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Yellow September (YS) is a Brazilian suicide prevention campaign implemented in 2015, however, its effectiveness in reducing mortality is still unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS This is an ecologically interrupted time series study that analyses the evolution of suicide rates in Brazil between 2011 and 2019 and its association with the implementation of YS at a national level. Data was provided by the Mortality Information System. A segmented interrupted series regression analysis was performed, using a generalized linear Poisson model, with correction for seasonal trends. RESULTS There was an increase in the annual rates of suicide deaths between 2011 and 2019, with 4.99 and 6.41 suicides per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively. The null hypothesis, that the YS did not change the historical trend of growth in suicides in Brazil after its implementation, was affirmed. However, there was an eventual significant increase of 6.2% in the risk of mortality in 2017 and of 8.6% in 2019. DISCUSSION The results are consistent with the literature, which proposes that campaigns focused solely on publications through the media generate unsound findings regarding the effective reduction in the number of deaths by suicide. Conclusions: The lack of initiative in multisectoral actions may explain the failure of YS on changing deaths by suicide, therefore the development of new lines of action focused on training professionals and expanding the care network could make it an effective instrument in reducing mortality from suicide. CONCLUSIONS The lack of initiative in multisectoral actions may explain the failure of YS on changing deaths by suicide, therefore the development of new lines of action focused on training professionals and expanding the care network could make it an effective instrument in reducing mortality from suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lara Garrido Santos
- dUndergraduate medical student at Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Amanda Galvão de Almeida
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health of the Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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Rholl DA, Cheeptham N, Lal A, Kleinschmit AJ, Parks ST, Mestrovic T. Making It Matter: Increasing Student-Perceived Value of Microbiology through Reflective and Critical News Story Analysis. J Microbiol Biol Educ 2023; 24:00163-22. [PMID: 37089229 PMCID: PMC10117055 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00163-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Even before coverage and updates on COVID-19 became a daily event in mainstream news, mass media was already full of science-focused current events stories. While relevant to our everyday lives, many popular press science articles overstate conclusions, misstate details or, at worst, purposefully spread disinformation. This iterative news analysis and writing intervention was designed to increase the visibility of real-world applications of microbiology in current events (including and beyond the 2019 coronavirus disease [COVID-19] pandemic), thereby engaging students and cultivating motivation through a positive perception of course content in accordance with expectancy-value theory. This intervention can be scaled and has been successfully used in both large- and small-enrollment microbiology classes as an active learning strategy. Students engage in science literacy at multiple levels, starting with identifying credible sources, then summarizing news articles, relating them to course content, conveying the main ideas to lay audiences, identifying in turn misleading or omitted ideas, and finally writing potential exam questions on the topic. This multifaceted analysis allows students to interact with material at many different levels in a self-directed manner as students seek out and choose articles to share with their peers. To date, anecdotal evidence suggests positive gains in student interest and perceived value of studying science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew A. Rholl
- Department of Biology, North Park University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Naowarat Cheeptham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Archana Lal
- Department of Biology, Labette Community College, Parsons, Kansas, USA
| | - Adam J. Kleinschmit
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dubuque, Dubuque, Iowa, USA
| | - Samantha T. Parks
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tomislav Mestrovic
- Department of Nursing, University Center Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Gallagher M, O'Leary C, McGreal-Ballone A, Duffy R. The portrayal of mental health in Irish mainstream news media. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:467-475. [PMID: 35959545 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The portrayal of mental health in the mainstream news media is an important topic for discussion. Concerns about stigmatisation of those suffering from mental ill-health have been expressed for many years, leading to numerous anti-stigma campaigns. Previous Irish studies demonstrated an improvement in the tone and content of articles over time. This study aims to re-evaluate this topic, 19 years after it was last studied. METHODS Four Irish papers including the tabloid, broadsheet, online and compact paper with the highest readership were analysed daily for a 12-week period. Using pre-determined definitions based on previous studies, all articles or headlines incorporating psychiatry-related material were examined for tone, content, utilisation of terminology, reference to self-harm, suicide and violence. RESULTS In total, 735 articles (2.19/paper/day) were identified and analysed. The majority of articles were found to have a supportive or factual tone. A higher proportion of judgemental or sensationalist articles were found in the tabloid newspaper. An improvement was noted compared to previous Irish studies. A decrease in articles written by mental health professionals was noted. Only 5% of articles portrayed psychotic disorders, with many of these referring to violence. Compliance with relevant guidelines for reporting of suicide was good overall. CONCLUSION There has continued to be an improvement in the tone and content of articles since previous Irish studies. The introduction of guidelines within this time may have played a significant role. Psychotic illness received limited coverage and was more likely to be portrayed in a stigmatising manner, guidelines relating to this could be of benefit. Engagement between psychiatrists and the media is important to improve the portrayal of psychotic illness and enhance awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard Duffy
- Mater Misercordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Cegla-Schvartzman F, Llaguno M, Baca-García E, Ovejero S. The influence of the mass media on delusions: The Russia-Ukraine war as a delusional topic. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2023; 69:512-513. [PMID: 35850590 DOI: 10.1177/00207640221109160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of a 42-year-old female patient with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who, 24 hours after the onset of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, developed a delirium on this topic. This case report illustrates how current news is processed by psychotic patients. Relevant current events can be incorporated into delusional themes due to the intensity and immediacy of information by the media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Llaguno
- Department of Psychiatry, Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, Móstoles, Spain
| | - Enrique Baca-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimenez Diaz Foundation Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital, Móstoles, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, General Hospital of Villalba, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Infanta Elena University Hospital, Valdemoro, Spain.,CIBERSAM, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile.,Department of Psychiatry, Nimes University Hospital, France
| | - Santiago Ovejero
- Department of Psychiatry, Jimenez Diaz Foundation Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Spain
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38
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Guo S, Kamionka A, Izydorczyk B, Lipowska M, Lizinczyk S, Radtke BM, Sajewicz-Radtke U, Lipowski M. The Mediating Role of Eating Attitudes in Sociocultural Attitudes toward the Body in Predicting Obligatory Exercise among Young People: A Polish and Chinese Comparison. Nutrients 2023; 15. [PMID: 36839311 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aims of this study were to determine which sociocultural predictors of obligatory exercise are universal for young men or women and which are specific to particular cultural conditions (Polish or Chinese culture) and to examine the mediating role of eating attitudes. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Poles (n = 259) and Chinese (n = 208) aged 18 to 30. Descriptive and comparative statistics, Spearman's rho, and multiple regression analysis were used. The main analyses showed that Internalization-Athlete was a common positive direct predictor of obligatory exercise among young Polish and Chinese women; Information and Internalization-Athlete were only specific direct positive predictors of obligatory exercise in young Chinese men; some variables in eating attitudes mediated the development of obligatory exercise in young Polish and Chinese men and women and indicated that there were cross-cultural differences. In understanding obligatory exercise among young people, attention should be paid to their sociocultural attitudes toward the body and eating, and cultural and gender differences need to be considered.
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Phalswal U, Pujari V, Sethi R, Verma R. Impact of social media on mental health of the general population during Covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review. J Educ Health Promot 2023; 12:23. [PMID: 37034873 PMCID: PMC10079172 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_460_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, people are using social media more than usual routine because they rely on online sources to seek health information for themselves and their loved ones. The spread of inaccurate and misleading information via social media has a number of detrimental psychological effects on members of society. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the impact of social media on the mental health of the general population. An extensive systematic search was done till the last month of 2021 for collecting the evidence using the PRISMA technique. The search was mainly focused on the article leading with keywords and search engines used during the course of the study were Pubmed, Semantic Scholar, Mendeley, and Science direct. Articles for this study were selected based on the predetermined eligibility criteria and performed quality assessment by using the NHLBI quality assessment tool. Most of the studies included in this review are found fair (score between 9 and 12) quality. Out of 866 publications, 533 articles were included in the initial screening, after duplication removal 46 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 14 studies were selected for systematic review. In most of the studies, maximum participants used social media as a primary source of information. Relatively high rates of symptoms of depression (14.14% to 48.3%), anxiety (7.4% to 47.82%), and prevalence of stress increased to 37.67% are reported after exposure to social media for coverage of COVID-19 news in the general population. Risk factors of psychological distress are associated with female gender, younger age group, marital status, staying alone, and duration of exposure to mass media. Increased exposure to COVID-19 information through mass/social media is associated with highly significant levels of psychological health issues; mitigating the hazardous effect of social media exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of the general population is an international public health priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Phalswal
- Nursing Officer, College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vani Pujari
- Senior Nursing Officer, College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rasmita Sethi
- Nursing Officer, College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjana Verma
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Nakayama C, Iwasa H, Moriyama N, Yasumura S. Relationship between the Effects of Perceived Damage Caused by Harmful Rumors about Fukushima after the Nuclear Accident and Information Sources and Media. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2077. [PMID: 36767444 PMCID: PMC9916378 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear accident that accompanied the Great East Japan Earthquake of 11 March, 2011, was also an information disaster. A serious problem that arose after the accident and persisted for a long time was the damage caused by harmful rumors (DCBHR). In 2016, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey on health and information was conducted in Fukushima. The eligible population of this survey was 2000 Fukushima residents, which included those in the evacuated areas. We received 861 responses. Data were analyzed using the responses to the question about perceived DCBHR as the objective variable and the sources of information residents trusted and the media they used as explanatory variables. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that those who trusted government ministries and local commercial TV were significantly associated with no effect. In contrast, those who used Internet sites and blogs were significantly associated with a negative effect. This study underlines the pivotal importance of media and information, literacy, and education and discusses how these should be improved to avoid DCBHR in the future. Furthermore, accurate information should be made available to all sections of the population to diminish DCBHR.
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41
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Guo S, Izydorczyk B, Lipowska M, Lizinczyk S, Kamionka A, Sajewicz-Radtke U, Radtke BM, Liu T, Lipowski M. Sociocultural predictors of obligatory exercise in young men: A Polish-Chinese comparison. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1123864. [PMID: 37124264 PMCID: PMC10130428 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obligatory exercise has been shown to have negative physical and mental effects on exercisers and is more prevalent among young people. However, there is limited research on obligatory exercise among young men. Social comparison theory offers a novel perspective to explore the relationship between sociocultural factors and obligatory exercise among young men, which offers an opportunity to understand potential factors contributing to obligatory exercise among young men across different cultures. Method We recruited a purposive sample of young people aged 18-30 from Poland (n=79) and China (n=194). Participants completed self-report measures including the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire3, Inventory of Physical Activity Objectives, and Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire. In the data analysis stage, we examined the strength of the relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variable through multiple regression analysis, and tested the role of the mediating variables. Results The main analyses revealed that Internalization-Athlete was a common direct predictor of obligatory exercise for both Polish and Chinese young men; that there were direct sociocultural predictors of obligatory exercise that were only used in relation to Polish or Chinese young men; and that social adaptation goals for motivation for physical activity mediated the development of obligatory exercise for Polish and Chinese young men, and that there were cross-cultural differences. Conclusion Attention should be paid to their attitudes towards the idea of a muscular and athletic body and socially adapted physical activity motivations when understanding young men's obligatory exercise, while also considering cross-cultural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Guo
- Faculty of Sport and Leisure, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bernadetta Izydorczyk
- Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Bernadetta Izydorczyk,
| | | | | | - Agata Kamionka
- Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Taofeng Liu
- School of Physical Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Sanghvi TG, Homan R, Forissier T, Preware P, Kawu A, Nguyen TT, Mathisen R. The Financial Costs of Mass Media Interventions Used for Improving Breastfeeding Practices in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Vietnam. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:16923. [PMID: 36554803 PMCID: PMC9779531 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Breastfeeding is essential for child survival but globally less than fifty percent of infants receive adequate breastfeeding. Gaps in breastfeeding knowledge and misinformation are widespread. Mass media aims to motivate mothers and families, encourage care-seeking, improve social norms, and counteract misleading advertising. However, the costs and coverage of mass media are not well documented. Our study provides a cost-accounting of four large-scale mass media interventions and coverage obtained through mass media. We retrospectively calculated annual costs and costs per beneficiary of mass media interventions based on expenditure records in four countries. The interventions were a part of multi-component breastfeeding strategies in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Vietnam. Annual costs ranged from 566,366 USD in Nigeria to 1,210,286 USD in Vietnam. The number of mothers of children under two years and pregnant women ranged from 685,257 to 5,566,882, and all designated recipients reached during the life of programs ranged from 1,439,040 to 11,690,453 in Burkina Faso and Bangladesh, respectively. The cost per mother varied from USD 0.13 USD in Bangladesh to 0.85 USD in Burkina Faso. Evaluations showed that mass media interventions reached high coverage and frequent exposure. This analysis documents the financial costs and budgetary needs for implementing mass media components of large-scale breastfeeding programs. It provides annual costs, cost structures, and coverage achieved through mass media interventions in four low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina G. Sanghvi
- Alive & Thrive Initiative, FHI Solutions, Washington, DC 20009, USA
| | - Rick Homan
- GHPR—Health Services Research, FHI 360, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Thomas Forissier
- Alive & Thrive Initiative, FHI Solutions, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Patricia Preware
- Alive & Thrive Initiative, FHI Solutions, Washington, DC 20009, USA
| | - Auwalu Kawu
- Alive & Thrive Initiative, FHI Solutions, Abuja 900271, Nigeria
| | - Tuan T. Nguyen
- Alive & Thrive East Asia Pacific, FHI Solutions/FHI 360, Hanoi 11022, Vietnam
| | - Roger Mathisen
- Alive & Thrive East Asia Pacific, FHI Solutions/FHI 360, Hanoi 11022, Vietnam
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Stubenvoll M. Investigating the Heterogeneity of Misperceptions: A Latent Profile Analysis of COVID-19 Beliefs and Their Consequences for Information-Seeking. Sci Commun 2022; 44:759-786. [PMID: 38603223 PMCID: PMC9747365 DOI: 10.1177/10755470221142304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This panel study in Austria in 2020 (NW1 = 912, NW2 = 511) explores distinct audience segments regarding beliefs in misinformation, conspiracy, and evidence statements on COVID-19. I find that citizens fall into seven segments, three of which endorse unsupported claims: The threat skeptics selectively accept misinformation and evidence; the approvers tend to accept all types of information; and the misinformed believe in misinformation and conspiracy statements while rejecting evidence. Further analyses suggest that the misinformed increasingly sought out COVID-19 threat-negating information from scientific sources, while also overall attending to threat-confirming information. These patterns have practical implications for correcting misperceptions.
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Nelson JL, Lewis SC. The structures that shape news consumption: Evidence from the early period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journalism (Lond) 2022; 23:2495-2512. [PMID: 38603182 PMCID: PMC9111939 DOI: 10.1177/14648849221095335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Researchers and practitioners increasingly believe that journalism must improve its relationship with audiences to increase the likelihood that people will consume and support news. In this paper, we argue that this assumption overlooks the importance of structural- and individual-level factors in shaping news audience behavior. Drawing on Giddens' theory of structuration, we suggest that, when it comes to the amount of time that people devote to news, consumers' choices are guided more by life circumstances than by news preferences. To illustrate this point, we draw on a combination of interview and audience analytics data collected when so many people's life circumstances changed: the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. We find that people consumed more news during the early months of the pandemic than normal because (1) they had more time on their hands due to things like shelter-in-place orders, layoffs, and shifts to working from home and (2) they were more interested in understanding the coronavirus' spread and risks as well as the preventative measures being pursued. We conclude that journalists should embrace "journalistic humility," thereby acknowledging and accepting that they have much less control over the reception of their work than they would like to believe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Nelson
- Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Seth C Lewis
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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Grandón P, Fernández Vega D, Sánchez Oñate AA, Vielma Aguilera AV, Villagrán Valenzuela L, Vidal Gutiérrez D, Inostroza Rovengno C, Whitley R. Mental disorders in the media: A retrospective study of newspaper coverage in the Chilean Press. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2022; 68:1351-1362. [PMID: 34254543 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211023086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mass media are relevant in shaping the population's attitudes towards mental disorders. In low- and middle-income countries there is little information about the portrayal of people with mental disorders in the mass media. AIM The general objective of the study was to assess the tone and content of Chilean newspaper articles about mental disorder from 2000 to 2019. METHOD The digital editions of four national circulation Chilean newspapers were intentionally selected. The search engine Google News was used to identify and retrieve the news. To evaluate the news, a standardised codebook was administered. A total of 385 news were evaluated. RESULTS The results show that a large proportion of the news items has an overall positive/optimistic tone 43.5% and 57.5% does not stigmatise; however, only 18.4% emphasises recovery as part of the content. The highest percentages of news stigmatising in tone and content are observed for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Furthermore, the experts are quoted much more frequently than people diagnosed with mental disorders or their families and/or friends. When comparing by years there is a trend towards general decrease in stigmatisation, moving towards a more positive or optimistic view of mental health. CONCLUSIONS In general, low stigmatisation towards mental disorders was found in the news and this was reduced steadily over time. Although there are aspects to improve in some particular areas, suggesting that manifest stigma has diminished, but more subtle forms still remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Grandón
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion, Chile
| | - Dany Fernández Vega
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion, Chile
| | | | | | | | - Daisy Vidal Gutiérrez
- Department of Social Work, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepcion, Chile
| | | | - Rob Whitley
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Verdun, QC, Canada
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Kim JH, Oh KH, Shin HY, Jun JK. How cancer patients get fake cancer information: From TV to YouTube, a qualitative study focusing on fenbendazole scandle. Front Oncol 2022; 12:942045. [PMID: 36387110 PMCID: PMC9650234 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.942045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Korean society has faced challenges in communicating with cancer patients about false information related to complementary alternative medicine. As the situation has become severe with the 2020 fenbendazole scandal, the demand for reliable information from health authorities has increased. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine patients' acquisition patterns and perception of false information by presenting empirical evidence to help health authorities enable effective preemptive responses in the cancer communication context. METHOD We conducted a focus group interview with 21 lung cancer patients who were informed about fenbendazole based on a semi-structured questionnaire with three categories: 1) acquisition channel of the general cancer information and the false information, 2) quality of obtained information, and 3) perception toward it. The interviewees, comprising 13 men and eight women, were aged 50 or older. Participants' current stages of cancer were stages one, three, and four and there were seven people in each stage. RESULTS 1) Acquisition channel: Participants had their first encounter with false information through the TV, while the channels to obtain general cancer information were through Internet communities or portal sites. YouTube was a second channel to actively search for information regardless of the information type. 2) Information quality: participants had only fragmented information through media. 3) Perception: Most patients had a negative attitude toward complementary and alternative medicine information such as fenbendazole. They perceive that it needs to be verified by experts and filtered according to their arbitrary criteria. They had vague expectations based on a hope for "what if" at the same time. CONCLUSIONS Despite the complex media environment, traditional or legacy media is an important channel to encounter information. YouTube is independent of other media as an "active" information-seeking channel. Patients required the appropriate intervention of experts and governments because they perceived that they had obtained irrational and unreliable information from the media. Suggestions are made about how health authorities can construct an effective communication system focusing on the user to prevent patients from getting false cancer information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hee Oh
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Hye Young Shin
- Department of Nursing, Gangseo University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Jun
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
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47
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Zakar R, Momina AU, Shahzad R, Shahzad S, Hayee M, Zakar MZ, Fischer F. COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance in the Context of the Health Belief Model: Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in Punjab, Pakistan. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12892. [PMID: 36232189 PMCID: PMC9566713 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
One of the models that could be used to understand the adoption of vaccine uptake is the Health Belief Model (HBM). The aim of this study is to assess the role of HBM constructs and Perceived Health Status (PHS) on the vaccination status of individuals and to understand the role of socio-demographic variables on HBM scoring. A comparative cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted among 1325 vaccinated (60.0%) and non-vaccinated (40.0%) individuals aged 40 years and above in July 2021 in Punjab province, Pakistan. A higher level of education was the strongest predictor of positive HBM. All constructs of HBM, PHS and cues-to-action were significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccination uptake, with perceived benefits as the strongest predictor. In order to expand the vaccination coverage, double-pronged interventions utilizing both information and communication technology and human resources should be designed that address each barrier perceived by individuals and understandably communicate the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination to the broader population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubeena Zakar
- Department of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Ain ul Momina
- Health Service Delivery in Punjab, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ruhma Shahzad
- Department of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sara Shahzad
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | | | - Muhammad Zakria Zakar
- Vice Chancellor Office, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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48
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González-Luis H, Azurmendi A, Santillan-Garcia A, Tricas-Saura S. Nurses' freedom of expression: rights, obligations, and responsibilities. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:2379-2382. [PMID: 36193793 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To spark debate on the ethical, legal, professional, and institutional challenges faced by nurses' use and interactions when using traditional, mass and social media BACKGROUND: Freedom of expression is a core value of democratic systems. However, it appears to be a complex right when exercised by nurses in traditional media and/or during online interactions. Active use of these types of media can help promote healthcare incentives and reach larger audiences, or even influence public policy. Nevertheless, with the increase in social media use, some nurses have been found to have engaged in unprofessional practices which, in some serious cases, have led to their dismissal. EVALUATION We identified specific instances of conflicts-most commonly related to breach of privacy, inappropriate interactions on social media, or a simple lack of knowledge or guidance regarding its use-and formal complaints concerning nurses' freedom of expression. KEY ISSUES While nursing codes do exist, professional guidelines concerning the use of mass and social media are still much needed. With the advent of social media, there may be ambiguity regarding how nurses engage with and make use of these platforms. In order to ensure that nurses interact professionally with any form of media, clear ethical, legal, and professional frameworks of use are needed. Specific codes exist, such as the new ICN code of ethics or the NMC code, among other initiatives, but more comprehensive guidance is needed in order to support nurses in using better judgement regarding their media interactions. While the existence of such frameworks may not fix the problem of incorrect use, it can help those nurses looking for clear guidance when interacting with mass media or using social media. Also, it is important that more professionals are aware that such guidance exists, since understanding the limits and dangers of certain interactions would ultimately protect nurses' and patients' rights. CONCLUSION The increasing use of media platforms by nurses calls for further professional guidance regarding its professional utilization. To date, limited guidance exists to support media interactions. In an interconnected world that favours media interaction in both professional and private spheres, the development and widespread dissemination of clear guidance for professionals must also detail two essential points: how professionals can better interact with media platforms, and also how they can avoid having unethical media interactions in the first place. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT The existence of a solid, comprehensive framework for generalised media use should ensure that nurses can exercise their right to freedom of expression. Clearer limitations should support nurses' professional presence and interactions in the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hildegart González-Luis
- Department Community Maternity and Pediatric Nursing; School of Nursing, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Navarra, Spain
| | - Ana Azurmendi
- Department Public Communication, School of Communication, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Tricas-Saura
- Public Health School, CR5 - Department of Social Approaches to Health (CRISS), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.,Department Health Care, Erasmus Brussels University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Brussels, Belgium
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Lazić A, Žeželj I. Negativity in online news coverage of vaccination rates in Serbia: a content analysis. Psychol Health 2022:1-19. [PMID: 36097724 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2121962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This content analysis study explored how online news media communicates and frames vaccination rates and herd immunity (the effect where enough people are immune, the virus is contained). METHODS We analyzed 160 vaccination-related news stories by nine highest-trafficked news websites in Serbia, published July-December 2017, around the start of the measles outbreak. We coded both the news story as a whole and every vaccination-rate mention (N = 339). RESULTS News stories framed current vaccination rates and changes in them in a predominantly negative way (175/241 and 67/98 mentions, respectively) (e.g., "only 50% vaccinated", "fewer parents vaccinating their children"), especially when referring to the measles vaccine (202/262 mentions). A total of 23/86 of news stories mentioning vaccination rates did not provide any numerical values. Reference groups for vaccination rates were rarely specified. Out of the 32 news stories mentioning herd immunity, 11 explained the effect. CONCLUSIONS Even routine communication of vaccination rates can be biased through negative frames and imprecise descriptions. Lamenting low immunization rates could activate a negative descriptive social norm ("many people are not getting vaccinated"), which may be especially ill-advised in the absence of an explanation of the social benefit of achieving herd immunity through vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Lazić
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Iris Žeželj
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Creed F. From 'Immoral' Users to 'Sunbed Addicts': The Media-Medical Pathologising of Working-class Consumers and Young Women in Late Twentieth-century England. Soc Hist Med 2022; 35:770-792. [PMID: 36051845 PMCID: PMC9427140 DOI: 10.1093/shm/hkac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on the changing representations of sunbed consumers within everyday entertainment media and national newspapers from the late 1980s to early 1990s, this article will demonstrate how sunbed use was framed, at first, as an 'immoral' working-class activity, and later as a growing addictive threat to white adolescent women. Medical experts had finally confirmed that sunbeds increased the risk of developing skin cancer, and the media had taken this 'public health' matter into their own hands. As this occurred during a backlash against Thatcherism, their anti-sunbed coverage became entangled with moralised concerns about class, women and consumerism. These sunbed warnings stigmatised both 'yuppies' and young women who exercised their new economic freedoms. Unravelling these complex political, economic and social tensions will also show how historians can use fictional and 'low-brow' media sources (from television soaps, cartoons and the Daily Mail) to further develop the history of public health approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Creed
- Research Associate, Centre for the History of Medicine, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. E-mail:
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