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Owen KB, Foley BC, Smith BJ, Manera KE, Corbett L, Lim M, Phongsavan P, Qualter P, Ding D, Clare PJ. Sport Participation for Academic Success: Evidence From the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:238-246. [PMID: 38141604 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify long-term patterns of sport participation (overall, team, and individual sport) from childhood into adolescence, and to examine the association between these patterns and academic outcomes. METHODS This cohort study used data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children in wave 3 (4-5 y) to wave 9 (20-21 y). The participants were a nationally representative sample of 4241 children. We conducted latent class analyses to identify sport participation trajectories and assessed the association between these trajectories and academic outcomes. RESULTS Continued sport participation was associated with lower odds of being absent from school (OR = 0.44; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 0.26 to 0.74), better performance on attention (B = -0.010; 95% CIs, -0.019 to -0.002) and working memory (B = -0.013; 95% CIs, -0.023 to -0.003), higher numeracy (B = 20.21; 95% CIs, 14.56 to 25.86) and literacy scores (B = 9.42; 95% CIs, 2.82 to 16.02), higher end of school academic performance (B = 3.28; 95% CIs, 1.47 to 5.09), and higher odds of studying at university (OR = 1.78; 95% CIs, 1.32 to 2.40). Team sport participation was associated with reduced absenteeism, better performance on attention and working memory, and being awarded the Higher School Certificate. Whereas individual sport participation was associated with higher literacy scores and end of school academic performance. CONCLUSIONS Team and individual sport participation both benefit academic outcomes, but differently. Given the decline in sport participation during adolescence, these findings highlight the need to develop educational policies to establish an environment that promotes sport participation, which in turn could improve academic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Owen
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bridget C Foley
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben J Smith
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karine E Manera
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lucy Corbett
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle Lim
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Pamela Qualter
- Manchester Institute of Education, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip J Clare
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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O'Hara BJ, Owen KB, Bauman AE, Dunlop S, Phongsavan P, Furestad E, Scott N, Freeman B. Hope and sadness: Balancing emotions in tobacco control mass media campaigns aimed at smokers. Health Promot J Austr 2023; 34:856-866. [PMID: 36444612 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Australia has smoking prevalence of less than 15% among adults, but there are concerns that the rates of decline have stabilised. Sustained mass media campaigns are central to decreasing prevalence, and the emotions evoked by campaigns contribute to their impact. This study investigates the association between potential exposure to campaigns that evoke different emotions on quitting salience (thinking about quitting), quitting intentions and quitting attempts. METHODS Data on quitting outcomes were obtained from weekly cross-sectional telephone surveys with adult smokers and recent quitters between 2013 and 2018. Campaign activity data were collated, and population-level potential campaign exposure was measured by time and dose. RESULTS Using multivariate analyses, a positive association between potential exposure to 'hope' campaigns and thinking about quitting and intending to quit was noted, but no association was seen with quit attempts. Potential exposure to 'sadness' evoking campaigns was positively associated with quitting salience and negatively associated with quit attempts, whereas those potentially exposed to campaigns evoking multiple negative emotions (fear, guilt and sadness) were approximately 30% more likely to make a quit attempt. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a relationship between the emotional content of campaigns, quitting behaviours. Campaign planners should consider campaigns that evoke negative emotions for population-wide efforts to bring about quitting activity alongside hopeful campaigns that promote quitting salience and quitting intentions. The emotional content of campaigns provides an additional consideration for campaigns targeting smokers and influencing quitting activity. SO WHAT?: This study demonstrates the importance of balancing the emotional content of campaigns to ensure that campaign advertising is given the greatest chance to achieve its objectives. Utilising campaigns that evoke negative emotions appear to be needed to encourage quitting attempts but maintaining hopeful campaigns to promote thinking about quitting and intending to quit is also an important component of the mix of tobacco control campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe J O'Hara
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally Dunlop
- Screening and Prevention Division, Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Erin Furestad
- Screening and Prevention Division, Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola Scott
- Screening and Prevention Division, Cancer Institute NSW, Alexandria, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Becky Freeman
- The University of Sydney, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Manera KE, Smith BJ, Owen KB, Phongsavan P, Lim MH. Correction: Psychometric assessment of scales for measuring loneliness and social isolation: an analysis of the household, income and labour dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2023; 21:109. [PMID: 37775788 PMCID: PMC10542265 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-023-02193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karine E Manera
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Research and Education Network, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Corner Darcy & Hawkesbury Roads, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ben J Smith
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Research and Education Network, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Corner Darcy & Hawkesbury Roads, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Research and Education Network, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Corner Darcy & Hawkesbury Roads, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Research and Education Network, Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, The University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Corner Darcy & Hawkesbury Roads, 2145, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Michelle H Lim
- Iverson Health Innovation Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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Chan L, Owen KB, Andrews CJ, Bauman A, Brezler L, Ludski K, Mead J, Birkner K, Vatsayan A, Flenady VJ, Gordon A. Evaluating the reach and impact of Still Six Lives: A national stillbirth public awareness campaign in Australia. Women Birth 2023; 36:446-453. [PMID: 36858915 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Still Six Lives campaign aimed to increase awareness of stillbirth among Australian women and educate people about three modifiable behaviours that pregnant women could take to reduce the risk of stillbirth. The campaign used earned media, digital advertising and social media. AIM The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the campaign on Australian women's awareness of stillbirth, and knowledge of the three modifiable behaviours. METHODS The study collected process evaluation data about campaign implementation from digital platforms. The impact evaluation comprised of two components: a three-wave community survey of Australian women aged 18-50 years old, and a pre-post cross-sectional maternity service survey of pregnant women. RESULTS The campaign gained significant reach, including 2,974,375 completed video views and 910,000 impressions via social media influencers. The community surveys had 1502 participants at baseline, 1517 mid-campaign and 1598 post-campaign. Participants were slightly more likely to have encountered messages about stillbirth after the campaign (aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.55). There were increases in awareness of each behaviour after the campaign: be aware of baby's movements (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.08-1.47), quit smoking (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.10-1.47) and going-to-sleep on side (aOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.32-1.82). The antenatal clinic survey had 296 participants at baseline and 178 post-campaign. Post-campaign, there was an increased likelihood that women were aware of side-sleeping (aOR 3.11, 95% CI 1.74-5.56). CONCLUSIONS The national campaign demonstrated some evidence of change in awareness of three modifiable behaviours that can reduce the risk of stillbirth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Chan
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
| | - Katherine B Owen
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Christine J Andrews
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Leigh Brezler
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Stillbirth Foundation Australia, North Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Vicki J Flenady
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrienne Gordon
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Lim MH, Manera KE, Owen KB, Phongsavan P, Smith BJ. The prevalence of chronic and episodic loneliness and social isolation from a longitudinal survey. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12453. [PMID: 37528108 PMCID: PMC10393986 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39289-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Loneliness and social isolation, experienced more long-term, has been shown to increase mortality and lead to poorer health outcomes in specific cohorts. However, it is unclear what the prevalence of chronic loneliness and social isolation is, and which demographic groups are most at risk of reporting more chronic forms. A psychometrically validated classification system was used to identify people who met criteria for episodic and chronic loneliness and social isolation using the Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey waves 14-18. The prevalence of loneliness (overall 34%; 21% episodic, 13% chronic) far exceeded that of social isolation (overall 17%; 13% episodic, 4% chronic). There was consistency in the demographic characteristics (from age, sex, household type, income) of those who experienced loneliness and social isolation. However, people with a long-term health condition had an elevated risk of episodic loneliness (AOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.39) and a markedly higher risk of chronic loneliness (AOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.76-2.29), compared with those without a long-term health condition. Loneliness, both episodic and chronic subtypes, is more prevalent than social isolation. However, both chronic loneliness and social isolation remains neglected and poorly targeted within current practice and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Lim
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Karine E Manera
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben J Smith
- Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Foley BC, Turner N, Owen KB, Cushway D, Nguyen J, Reece LJ. "It Goes Hand in Hand with Us Trying to Get More Kids to Play" Stakeholder Experiences in a Sport and Active Recreation Voucher Program. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:4081. [PMID: 36901093 PMCID: PMC10001936 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vouchers that reduce the cost of sport and active recreation participation have been shown to increase children's and adolescent's physical activity levels. Yet, the influence of government-led voucher programs on the capacity of sport and active recreation organisations is unclear. This qualitative study explored the experiences of stakeholders in the sport and recreation sector that were engaged in implementing the New South Wales (NSW) Government's Active Kids voucher program in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 sport and active recreation providers. Interview transcriptions were analysed by a multidisciplinary team using the Framework method. Overall, participants reported that the Active Kids voucher program was an acceptable intervention to address the cost barrier to participation for children and adolescents. Three main steps influenced the capacity of organisations to deliver their sport and recreation programs and the voucher program: (1) Implementation priming-alignment of the intervention aims with stakeholder priorities and early information sharing, (2) Administrative ease-enhanced technology use and establishment of simple procedures, and (3) Innovation impacts-enablement of staff and volunteers to address barriers to participation for their participants. Future voucher programs should include strategies to enhance the capacity of sport and active recreation organisations to meet program guidelines and increase innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget C. Foley
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Natalie Turner
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Katherine B. Owen
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - David Cushway
- Office of Sport, New South Wales Government, Sydney Olympic Park, NSW 2127, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Nguyen
- Office of Sport, New South Wales Government, Sydney Olympic Park, NSW 2127, Australia
| | - Lindsey J. Reece
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Smith JL, Reece LJ, Rose CL, Owen KB. Improving access to public physical activity events for disadvantaged communities in Australia. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1542. [PMID: 35964046 PMCID: PMC9375319 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity has numerous health benefits, but participation is lower in disadvantaged communities. ‘parkrun’ overcomes one of the main barriers for disadvantaged communities, the cost of activities, by providing a free, regular community-based physical activity event for walkers, runners and volunteers. This study assesses equity of access (in terms of distance to the nearest parkrun) stratified by socioeconomic deprivation, and identifies the optimal location for 100 new events to increase equity of access. Methods We combined information about population location and socioeconomic deprivation, with information about the location of 403 existing parkrun events, to assess the current level of access by deprivation quintile. We then used a two-step location-allocation analysis (minimising the sum of deprivation-weighted distances) to identify optimal regions, then optimal towns within those regions, as the ideal locations for 100 new parkrun events. Results Currently, 63.1% of the Australian population lives within 5 km of an event, and the average distance to an event is 14.5 km. A socioeconomic gradient exists, with the most deprived communities having the largest average distance to an event (27.0 km), and the least deprived communities having the best access (living an average 6.6 km from an event). Access improves considerably after the introduction of new event locations with around 68% of the population residing within 5 km of an event, and the average distance to the nearest event approximately 8 km. Most importantly, the improvement in access will be greatest for the most deprived communities (now an average 11 km from an event). Conclusions There is a socioeconomic gradient in access to parkrun events. Strategic selection of new parkrun locations will improve equity of access to community physical activity events, and could contribute to enabling greater participation in physical activity by disadvantaged communities. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-13981-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette L Smith
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.,NSW Biostatistics Training Program, NSW Ministry of Health, St Leonards, NSW, 2065, Australia
| | - Lindsey J Reece
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Catriona L Rose
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Level 6, Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Rose CL, Owen KB, Foley BC, Reece LJ. “We Don’t Have to Do Things the Way They’ve Been Done Before”; Mixed-Method Evaluation of a National Grant Program Tackling Physical Inactivity through Sport. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19137931. [PMID: 35805601 PMCID: PMC9265654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
National strategies are needed to continue to promote the broader benefits of participating in sport and organised physical activity to reduce physical inactivity and related disease burden. This paper employs the RE-AIM framework to evaluate the impact of the federally funded $150 million Move it AUS program in engaging inactive people in sport and physical activity through the Participation (all ages) and Better Ageing (over 65 years) funding streams. A pragmatic, mixed-methods evaluation was conducted to understand the impact of the grant on both the participants, and the funded organisations. This included participant surveys, case studies, and qualitative interviews with funded program leaders. A total of 75% of participants in the Participation stream, and 65% in the Better Ageing stream, were classified as inactive. The largest changes in overall physical activity behaviour were seen among socioeconomically disadvantaged participants and culturally and linguistically diverse participants. Seven key insights were gained from the qualitative interviews: Clarity of who, Partnerships, Communication, Program delivery, Environmental impacts, Governance, and that Physical inactivity must be a priority. The Move It AUS program successfully engaged physically inactive participants. Additional work is needed to better engage inactive people that identify as culturally and linguistically diverse, Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander and those that live in disadvantaged communities in sport and physical activities. Tangible actions from the seven key insights should be adopted into workforce capability planning for the sport sector to effectively engage physically inactive communities.
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Bohn-Goldbaum E, Owen KB, Lee VYJ, Booy R, Edwards KM. Physical activity and acute exercise benefit influenza vaccination response: A systematic review with individual participant data meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268625. [PMID: 35704557 PMCID: PMC9200169 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether the vaccine adjuvant potential of acute exercise is uniform among different populations, e.g., inactive persons, is unknown. This meta-analysis examines influenza vaccine antibody responses and the effect of physical activity, acute exercise, and their interaction. Inclusion criteria comprised randomized controlled trials with acute exercise intervention and influenza vaccination antibody measurements at baseline and 4-6 weeks, and participant baseline physical activity measurement; there were no exclusion criteria. Searching via six databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Physiotherapy Evidence) and two clinical registries (WHO and NIH), nine studies were identified and assessed with the Cochrane revised risk-of-bias tool. Data analysis comprised one-stage random-effects generalized linear mixed-effects models with random intercept. Seven of nine identified studies, all of high risk of bias, provided data for 550 included participants. Clinical measures of antibody response tended to be higher in the acute-exercised participants compared to rested controls and physically active compared to inactive. Physical activity significantly increased H1 strain seroconversion (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.69, 95%CI: 1.02-2.82) among all participants and titer response (aOR 1.20, 95%CI: 1.03-1.39) among the acute exercise group. Increasing age frequently reduced immunogenic responses whereas body mass index and sex had little-to-no effect. Adjuvant effects were more pronounced with interventions exercising the same arm in which the vaccination was administered. H1 response was increased by both physical activity and the acute exercise-physical activity interaction. Given the observed modifications by age and the subset analysis suggesting the benefit is more pronounced in older populations, future attention is due for acute exercise-PA interactions to impact vaccination response in the at-risk population of older adults. Further, we identify localized exercise as the likely most-effective protocol and encourage its use to augment the available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Bohn-Goldbaum
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vivian Y J Lee
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, England
| | - Robert Booy
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate M Edwards
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Owen KB, Foley BC, Eime R, Rose C, Reece LJ. Participation and dropout of Hockey New South Wales participants in 2017 and 2018: a longitudinal study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:103. [PMID: 35676741 PMCID: PMC9174916 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Sports have a focus on increasing participation, which contributes to increasing population levels of physical activity, social cohesion and longevity of the sport. The primary aim of this study was to examine reasons for drop-out of a popular team sport in Australia, Field Hockey and identify opportunities to increase participation. Methods This longitudinal study obtained routinely collected registered player data from Hockey New South Wales over two consecutive years, and survey data from registered players who dropped out. Logistic regression models identified demographic subgroups who were more likely to drop out of sport, and the reasons for dropping out. Results In 2018, 8463 (31%) of hockey players did not return to play hockey after the previous season and 805 (10%) of these completed a survey. Specific groups who were more likely to stop playing included 5–6 years (OR: 2.1, 95% CI 1.8–2.6; reference: 12–17 years), females (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2; reference: males), Indigenous (OR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.4; reference: non-Indigenous), most disadvantaged (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2; reference: least disadvantaged) or regional and remote (1.1, 95% CI 1.0–1.2; reference: major cities). Top reasons for drop out were medical/age (17%), change in circumstances (16%) and high cost (13%), lack of time (13%) and lack of enjoyment (7%). Conclusions Although Hockey successfully reaches a large proportion of underrepresented groups in sport, these groups are more likely to drop out. Sports should consult these groups to develop enjoyable, flexible, and modifiable versions of the game that are appropriate to their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Owen
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Level 6, The Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Bridget C Foley
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Level 6, The Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Rochelle Eime
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Catriona Rose
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Level 6, The Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lindsey J Reece
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Level 6, The Charles Perkins Centre, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Owen KB, Nau T, Reece LJ, Bellew W, Rose C, Bauman A, Halim NK, Smith BJ. Fair play? Participation equity in organised sport and physical activity among children and adolescents in high income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:27. [PMID: 35303869 PMCID: PMC8932332 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity and sport have numerous health benefits and participation is thought to be lower in disadvantaged children and adolescents. However, evidence for the disparity in physical activity is inconsistent, has not been reviewed recently, and for sport has never been synthesised. Our aim was to systematically review, and combine via meta-analyses, evidence of the socioeconomic disparities in physical activity and sport participation in children and adolescents in high income countries. METHODS We conducted searches of five electronic databases using physical activity, sport, and socioeconomic disparity related terms. Two independent reviewers assessed 21,342 articles for peer-reviewed original research, published in English that assessed socioeconomic disparities in physical activity and sport participation in children and adolescents. We combined evidence from eligible studies using a structural equation modelling approach to multilevel meta-analysis. RESULTS From the 104 eligible studies, we meta-analysed 163 effect sizes. Overall, children and adolescents living in higher socioeconomic status households were more likely to participate in sport (OR: 1.87, 95% CIs 1.38, 2.36) and participated for a longer duration (d = 0.24, 95% CIs 0.12, 0.35). The socioeconomic disparity in the duration of sport participation was greater in children (d = 0.28, 95% CIs 0.15, 0.41) compared with adolescents (d = 0.13, 95% CIs - 0.03, 0.30). Overall, children and adolescents living in higher socioeconomic status households were more likely to meet physical activity guidelines (OR: 1.21, 95% CIs 1.09, 1.33) and participated for a longer duration (d = 0.08, 95% CIs 0.02, 0.14). The socioeconomic disparity in the duration of total physical activity between low and high socioeconomic status households was greater in children (d = 0.13, 95% CIs 0.04, 0.21) compared with adolescents (d = 0.05, 95% CIs - 0.05, 0.15). There was no significant disparity in leisure time physical activity (d = 0.13, 95% CIs - 0.06, 0.32). CONCLUSIONS There was evidence of socioeconomic disparities in sport participation and total physical activity participation among children and adolescents. Socioeconomic differences were greater in sport compared to total physical activity and greater in children compared with adolescents. These findings highlight the need importance of targeting sport programs according to socio-economic gradients, to reduce inequities in access and opportunity to organised sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Owen
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Level 6, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Tracy Nau
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsey J Reece
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Level 6, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William Bellew
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Level 6, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catriona Rose
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Level 6, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Level 6, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole K Halim
- Centre for Healthcare Resilience and Implementation Science and the NHMRC Partnership Centre for Health System Sustainability, Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben J Smith
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Australian Prevention Partnership Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Manera KE, Smith BJ, Owen KB, Phongsavan P, Lim MH. Psychometric assessment of scales for measuring loneliness and social isolation: an analysis of the household, income and labour dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2022; 20:40. [PMID: 35248075 PMCID: PMC8897757 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-022-01946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and social isolation are increasingly recognised as global public health threats, meaning that reliable and valid measures are needed to monitor these conditions at a population level. We aimed to determine if robust and practical scales could be derived for conditions such as loneliness and social isolation using items from a national survey. METHODS We conducted psychometric analyses of ten items in two waves of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey, which included over 15,000 participants. We used the Hull method, exploratory structural equation modelling, and multidimensional item response theory analysis in a calibration sample to determine the number of factors and items within each factor. We cross-validated the factor structure using confirmatory factor analysis in a validation sample. We assessed construct validity by comparing the resulting sub-scales with measures for psychological distress and mental well-being. RESULTS Calibration and cross-validation consistently revealed a three-factor model, with sub-scales reflecting constructs of loneliness and social isolation. Sub-scales showed high reliability and measurement invariance across waves, gender, and age. Construct validity was supported by significant correlations between the sub-scales and measures of psychological distress and mental health. Individuals who met threshold criteria for loneliness and social isolation had consistently greater odds of being psychologically distressed and having poor mental health than those who did not. CONCLUSIONS These derived scales provide robust and practical measures of loneliness and social isolation for population-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine E Manera
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Research and Education Network, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Hospital, Corner Darcy & Hawkesbury Roads, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Ben J Smith
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Research and Education Network, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Hospital, Corner Darcy & Hawkesbury Roads, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Research and Education Network, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Hospital, Corner Darcy & Hawkesbury Roads, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Philayrath Phongsavan
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Research and Education Network, Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead Hospital, Corner Darcy & Hawkesbury Roads, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Michelle H Lim
- Iverson Health Innovation Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
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Owen KB, Foley BC, Wilhite K, Booker B, Lonsdale C, Reece LJ. Sport Participation and Academic Performance in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:299-306. [PMID: 34559728 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physical activity can improve academic performance; however, much less is known about the specific association between sport participation and academic performance, and this evidence has not been synthesized. Our aim was to systematically review and combine via meta-analyses evidence of the association between sport participation and academic performance in children and adolescents. METHODS We conducted searches of five electronic databases using sport and academic performance related terms. We combined evidence from eligible studies using a structural equation modeling approach to multilevel meta-analysis. RESULTS From 115 eligible studies, most of which had a high risk of bias (k = 87), we meta-analyzed 298 effect sizes. Overall, sport participation had a small positive effect on academic performance (d = 0.26, 95% confidence interval = 0.09, 0.42). Moderator analyses indicated that sports participation was most beneficial for academic performance when it was at a moderate dose (i.e., 1-2 h·wk-1), compared with no sport or a high dose of sport (3+ h·wk-1). CONCLUSIONS Sports participation during school hours was more beneficial for academic performance compared with sport participation outside school hours. Based on mostly low-quality studies, we found some evidence that sport could positively affect academic performance in children and adolescents. It appears that sport participation of a moderate dose and at school could be used to promote academic performance. However, if this field were to inform policy, high-quality studies are needed that provide insight into the effect of dose and sport characteristics on academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Owen
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - Bridget C Foley
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - Katrina Wilhite
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - Bridget Booker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, NSW, AUSTRALIA
| | - Lindsey J Reece
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, AUSTRALIA
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Owen KB, Ibiebele I, Simpson JM, Morton RL, Morris JM, Torvaldsen S. Comparison of costs related to infant hospitalisations for spontaneous, induced and Caesarean births: population-based cohort study. AUST HEALTH REV 2021; 45:418-424. [PMID: 34097850 DOI: 10.1071/ah20237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study examined hospitalisations and associated in-patient costs for babies during the first year of life following spontaneous labour, compared with labour induction or prelabour Caesarean section, at each gestational age. Methods Birth data for singleton liveborn babies from 33 weeks gestation in New South Wales from 2005 to 2014 were linked to hospital and death data. Generalised linear models were used to examine the association between the type of labour and the length of hospitalisations and hospital costs. Results From 2005 to 2014, 598640 women gave birth to 1187451 liveborn singleton babies. The mean total length of hospitalisations and costs of hospitalisations for babies in the first year of life decreased significantly as week of gestational age increased to 39 weeks, then plateaued. Overall, the total length of hospitalisations and hospital costs were significantly (P<0.001) lower for babies born after spontaneous labour (5.6 days and A$8405 respectively) than for babies born following labour induction (6.1 days and A$9452 respectively) or prelabour Caesarean section (8.2 days and A$12320 respectively). Conclusions Babies born following spontaneous labour spend less time in hospital and have lower hospital costs than those born following labour induction or prelabour Caesarean section. Hospitalisations and costs decrease with each week of gestational age until 39 weeks. What is known about the topic? It is known that induction of labour and prelabour Caesarean sections are increasing, and this increase has changed the distribution of gestational age towards birth at earlier ages. It is also known that babies born before 39 weeks of gestation are at increased risk of mortality and morbidity. What does this paper add? This study shows that babies born following spontaneous labour spend the least amount of time in hospital and subsequently have the lowest hospital costs at each week of gestation compared with babies born following labour induction or prelabour Caesarean section. This study also shows a small but significant economic advantage of labour induction compared with prelabour Caesarean delivery. This study quantifies the mean time babies spend in hospital in their first year of life, by week of gestational age and mode of birth. What are the implications for practitioners? The findings from this study can assist clinicians in judicious decision making when balancing the risks and benefits of early planned births. Clinicians can use the results of this study to inform women who are intending to have a planned birth of risks they may not have anticipated, such as the increased risk of rehospitalisation. The finding that hospitalisations and costs continue to decline until 39 weeks gestation can be used to reinforce the importance of continuing the pregnancy beyond 37 weeks if safe to do so, even though 37 weeks is considered term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Owen
- The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, Women and Babies Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia. ; ; ; and Biostatistics Training Program, NSW Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; and SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; and Corresponding author.
| | - Ibinabo Ibiebele
- The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, Women and Babies Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia. ; ; ; and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Judy M Simpson
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Rachael L Morton
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jonathan M Morris
- The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, Women and Babies Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia. ; ; ; and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Siranda Torvaldsen
- The University of Sydney Northern Clinical School, Women and Babies Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia. ; ; ; and Northern Sydney Local Health District, Kolling Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; and School of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Foley BC, Rose C, Owen KB, Reece LJ. Linking sports registration information and player feedback to enhance netball participation. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:59. [PMID: 34103084 PMCID: PMC8188710 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports should endeavour to provide inclusive opportunities for all people to participate. More evidence is required to understand who joins sports clubs and what keeps participants engaged throughout their lifetime. Little is known about who plays netball or what drives participation and retention of players in netball. This study aimed to identify the sociodemographic characteristics of Netball New South Wales (NSW) members, their odds of re-registering in the sport, and explore their motivations to play, experiences during participation and the perceived benefits of playing netball. METHODS We used longitudinal sport registration data from all Netball NSW members in 2018 and 2019. A cross-sectional online survey was sent to all players registered during the two-year study period (n = 157,152). We used logistic regression to determine the odds of individuals returning to netball in 2019 after playing in 2018 and linked the sports registration data with the survey responses, calculating frequencies and proportions. RESULTS Netball NSW members were mostly female (98 %) and aged less than 18 years old (69 %). Netball NSW retained 68 % of members in 2019 who played the previous year. Members who were male, aged 18-44 years old, lived in low SES areas, lived in regional/remote locations, identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, spoke a language other than English at home or were born outside Australia had lower odds of returning to play from 2018 to 2019. Survey participants (n = 10,795) rated their experience playing netball highly and reported that playing netball improved their health and wellbeing. The main reason to play netball reported was 'fun and enjoyment' while the main reason to consider quitting was the 'skill/experience of umpires and officials'. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the strengths of netball in engaging and retaining females, who often participate in less sport than males. The positive experiences reported by netball participants should be fostered to retain current participants throughout the lifecourse. The data provided by members should be inform strategic actions to enhance netball participation for sociodemographic groups who had greatest odds of dropout. Routine surveillance using linked registration and player feedback should be utilised by sports to enhance sport delivery and increase participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget C Foley
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, SPRINTER, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Catriona Rose
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, SPRINTER, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, SPRINTER, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindsey J Reece
- The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Public Health, Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, SPRINTER, Sydney, Australia
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Owen KB, Bellew B, Foley BC, Bauman A, Reece LJ. Body mass Index of children and adolescent participants in a voucher program designed to incentivise participation in sport and physical activity: A cross-sectional study. Prev Med Rep 2021; 22:101349. [PMID: 34141526 PMCID: PMC8186661 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been limited population-level success in tackling overweight and obesity. The Active Kids program is a universal intervention that aims to increase participation in structured physical activity and sport among children and adolescents in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. This study examined the prevalence of overweight and obesity across subgroups and by social disadvantage in this large broadly representative sample. A cross-sectional study was conducted including all children (n = 671,375) who registered for an Active Kids Program voucher in 2018. The child's height and weight were obtained from an online registration form. Among children and adolescents who registered in the Active Kids Program, the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.2% and 7.6%, respectively. A large number of children and adolescents who lived in the most disadvantaged areas (n = 99,583; 14.8%) registered for the program. There was a clear socio-economic gradient for obesity prevalence across areas of increasing disadvantage, with children and adolescents living in the most disadvantaged area being 1.87 (95% CIs 1.82, 1.93) times more likely to be overweight or obese. The Active Kids program successfully reached a substantial proportion of children who are overweight and obese from socio-economically disadvantaged areas, providing financial support and opportunities for these children to participate in structured sport and physical activity. However, the program did not reach all children, and additional physical activity promotion strategies may be needed in a comprehensive approach. Nonetheless, these findings support government investment in reaching children who are overweight or obese with large-scale programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B. Owen
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre,
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of
Sydney, Australia
| | - Bill Bellew
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre,
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of
Sydney, Australia
| | - Bridget C. Foley
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre,
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of
Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre,
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of
Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindsey J. Reece
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre,
School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of
Sydney, Australia
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Foley BC, Owen KB, Bauman AE, Bellew W, Reece LJ. Effects of the Active Kids voucher program on children and adolescents' physical activity: a natural experiment evaluating a state-wide intervention. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:22. [PMID: 33423663 PMCID: PMC7798231 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-10060-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for scaled-up effective interventions which overcome barriers to health-enhancing physical activity for children and adolescents. In New South Wales (NSW), Australia, the state government implemented a universal voucher program, 'Active Kids' to support the cost of structured physical activity registration for school-enrolled children aged 4.5-18 years old. The objective of this study was to understand the effects a financial incentive intervention delivered in a real-world setting has on children and adolescent's physical activity participation. METHOD In 2018, all children and adolescents registered for an Active Kids voucher provided sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity and research consent. This prospective cohort study used an online survey with validated items to measure physical activity and other personal and social factors in children and adolescents who used an Active Kids voucher. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine changes from registration to after voucher use at ≤8 weeks, 9-26 weeks and ≥ 6 months. RESULTS Study participants reported increasing their days achieving physical activity guidelines from 4.0 days per week (95%CI 3.8, 4.2) at registration (n = 37,626 children) to 4.9 days per week (95%CI 4.7, 5.1) after 6 months (n = 14,118 children). Increased physical activity was observed for all sociodemographic population groups. The voucher-specific activity contributed 42.4% (95%CI 39.3, 45.5) to the total time children participated in structured physical activities outside of school. Children and adolescents who increased to, or maintained, high levels of activity were socially supported to be active, had active parent/caregivers, had better concentration and were overall happier than their low-active counterparts. CONCLUSION The Active Kids program significantly increased children's physical activity levels and these increases continued over a six-month period. The Active Kids voucher program shows promise as a scaled-up intervention to increase children and adolescents' physical activity participation. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12618000897268 , approved May 29th, 2018 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget C Foley
- SPRINTER (Sport and Active Recreation Intervention & Epidemiology Research Group), Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, D17 Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Level 6, the Hub, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Katherine B Owen
- SPRINTER (Sport and Active Recreation Intervention & Epidemiology Research Group), Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, D17 Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Level 6, the Hub, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- SPRINTER (Sport and Active Recreation Intervention & Epidemiology Research Group), Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, D17 Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Level 6, the Hub, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - William Bellew
- SPRINTER (Sport and Active Recreation Intervention & Epidemiology Research Group), Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, D17 Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Level 6, the Hub, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Lindsey J Reece
- SPRINTER (Sport and Active Recreation Intervention & Epidemiology Research Group), Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, D17 Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Level 6, the Hub, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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Bauman A, Owen KB, Torske MO, Ding D, Krokstad S, Stamatakis E. Does Dog Ownership Really Prolong Survival?: A Revised Meta-Analysis and Reappraisal of the Evidence. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2020; 13:e006907. [PMID: 33079585 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.120.006907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Bauman
- School of Public Health and Charles Perkins Centre (A.B., D.D., E.S.), Sydney University, Australia.,HUNT Research Center, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (A.B., S.K.)
| | | | - Magnhild Oust Torske
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway (M.O.T.)
| | - Ding Ding
- School of Public Health and Charles Perkins Centre (A.B., D.D., E.S.), Sydney University, Australia
| | - Steinar Krokstad
- HUNT Research Center, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (A.B., S.K.)
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- School of Public Health and Charles Perkins Centre (A.B., D.D., E.S.), Sydney University, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health (E.S.), Sydney University, Australia
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Owen KB, Bauman A, Torske MO. Letter by Owen et al Regarding Article, "Dog Ownership and Survival: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2020; 13:e006906. [PMID: 33079586 DOI: 10.1161/circoutcomes.120.006906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Owen
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia (K.B.O., A.B.)
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia (K.B.O., A.B.)
| | - Magnhild Oust Torske
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Steinkjer, Norway (M.O.T.)
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Vasconcellos D, Parker PD, Hilland T, Cinelli R, Owen KB, Kapsal N, Lee J, Antczak D, Ntoumanis N, Ryan RM, Lonsdale C. Self-determination theory applied to physical education: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1037/edu0000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Foley BC, Owen KB, Bellew W, Wolfenden L, Reilly K, Bauman AE, Reece LJ. Physical Activity Behaviors of Children Who Register for the Universal, State-Wide Active Kids Voucher: Who Did the Voucher Program Reach? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E5691. [PMID: 32781753 PMCID: PMC7460334 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Active Kids is a government-led, universal voucher program that aims to reduce the cost of participation in structured physical activity for all school-enrolled children in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. As part of the Active Kids program evaluation, this cross-sectional study examined the Active Kids' program's reach to children in NSW and their physical activity behaviors, before voucher use. Demographic registration data from all children (4.5-18 years old) who registered for an Active Kids voucher in 2018 (n = 671,375) were compared with Census data. Binary and multinomial regression models assessed which correlates were associated with meeting physical activity guidelines and participation in the sessions of structured physical activity. The Active Kids program attracted more than half (53%) of all eligible children in NSW. Children who spoke a primary language other than English at home, were aged 15-18 years old, lived in the most disadvantaged areas, and girls, were less likely to register. Of the registered children, 70% had attended structured physical activity sessions at least once a week during the previous 12 months, whilst 19% achieved physical activity guidelines. Active Kids achieved substantial population reach and has the potential to improve children's physical activity behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget C. Foley
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D17 Charles Perkins Centre, Level 6, the Hub, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.B.O.); (W.B.); (A.E.B.); (L.J.R.)
| | - Katherine B. Owen
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D17 Charles Perkins Centre, Level 6, the Hub, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.B.O.); (W.B.); (A.E.B.); (L.J.R.)
| | - William Bellew
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D17 Charles Perkins Centre, Level 6, the Hub, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.B.O.); (W.B.); (A.E.B.); (L.J.R.)
| | - Luke Wolfenden
- The School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (L.W.); (K.R.)
| | - Kathryn Reilly
- The School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; (L.W.); (K.R.)
| | - Adrian E. Bauman
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D17 Charles Perkins Centre, Level 6, the Hub, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.B.O.); (W.B.); (A.E.B.); (L.J.R.)
| | - Lindsey J. Reece
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, D17 Charles Perkins Centre, Level 6, the Hub, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia; (K.B.O.); (W.B.); (A.E.B.); (L.J.R.)
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Macniven R, Foley BC, Owen KB, Evans JR, Bauman AE, Reece LJ. Physical activity and sport participation characteristics of Indigenous children registered in the Active Kids voucher program in New South Wales. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:1178-1184. [PMID: 32653250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate sociodemographic factors associated with physical activity and sport participation among Indigenous children registered in the New South Wales (NSW) government-funded Active Kids voucher program in 2018, including comparison with non-Indigenous children. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS The Active Kids voucher program aims to support the cost of children's sport and physical activities. All children aged 5-18 years in NSW are eligible for a voucher. To register, parent/carers report child sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity, sport participation and optional height and weight. Regression models were used to determine which sociodemographic characteristics were associated with meeting physical activity guidelines and sport participation for Indigenous and non-Indigenous children. RESULTS Of the 671,375 children aged 5-18 years, 36,129 (5.4%) were Indigenous. More Indigenous children than non-Indigenous children met the physical activity guidelines before registering in the Active Kids program. Indigenous children had greater odds of meeting physical activity guidelines across all socio-economic quartiles. Among non-Indigenous children, odds reduced with social disadvantage. Indigenous children (38%) were less likely to participate in organised physical activity and sport sessions at least twice a week compared to non-Indigenous children (43%). Indigenous children living in major cities had higher sport participation levels compared with those living in outer regional and remote areas. CONCLUSIONS The Active Kids voucher program achieved population representative reach among Indigenous children, whose physical activity levels were higher than non-Indigenous children across all socioeconomic quartiles. The program has potential to supplement Indigenous children's physical activity levels using organised sessions and reduce sport drop-out among older children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Macniven
- University of New South Wales, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Australia; The University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Australia
| | - Bridget C Foley
- The University of Sydney, SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, The Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- The University of Sydney, SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, The Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Australia
| | - John R Evans
- University of Technology Sydney, Faculty of Health, Australia
| | - Adrian E Bauman
- The University of Sydney, SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, The Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Australia
| | - Lindsey J Reece
- The University of Sydney, SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, The Charles Perkins Centre, Sydney School of Public Health, Australia.
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23
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Esdaile E, Owen KB, Xu H, Baur LA, Rissel C, Wen LM. Strong support for broad policies to prevent childhood obesity among mothers in New South Wales, Australia. Health Promot J Austr 2020; 32:197-207. [PMID: 32333441 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ISSUE ADDRESSED Support for broad policies to prevent childhood obesity is not clear. This study aimed to investigate the level of support for state government health promotion policies among mothers with infants and its associated factors. METHODS This secondary analysis of data from 1155 mothers in NSW assessed approval for six policy options derived from public health approaches to obesity. Descriptive statistics were used to show the extent of policy approval across the cohort. Logistic regression models tested associations between perceived susceptibility and perceived severity of childhood obesity and approval of each policy option. RESULTS The proportion of mothers who felt these policy options were 'about the right amount' (56%-68%) or 'not going far enough' (24%-36%), collectively represented 89%-95% approval of government intervention. In comparison, 5%-11% felt that these policies were 'going too far'. Factors associated with their levels of support varied between each policy option, based on mothers' characteristics and perceptions of childhood obesity. CONCLUSION These findings indicate high support for government intervention to prevent obesity among mothers in NSW and support health promotion advocacy in this area. SO WHAT?: Governments should give due consideration to implementing each of the six policy options and prioritise the implementation of restrictions on fast food advertising in publicly owned or controlled areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Esdaile
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Huilan Xu
- Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Rissel
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Office of Preventive Health, New South Wales Ministry of Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Li Ming Wen
- Sydney School of Public Health, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in the Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Health Promotion Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Owen KB, Foley BC, Bauman A, Bellew B, Reece LJ. Parental awareness and engagement in the Active Kids program across socioeconomic groups. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:753-757. [PMID: 32061526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In 2018, the New South Wales (NSW) Government implemented a State-wide program to reduce the cost barrier to organised sport and physical activity participation. We explored parent/carer's awareness and children's engagement in the Active Kids program across socioeconomic groups and used the NSW Population Health Survey (PHS) to validate engagement in the program. DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Data were obtained from the 2018 NSW PHS and the Active Kids program registration database. We compared demographic characteristics of children who had registered for the program in the registration database with children in the weighted NSW PHS. Multinomial regression models were used to determine whether socioeconomic status was associated with parent/carer awareness and children's engagement in the program. RESULTS Parent/carer's in the most disadvantaged quartile were twice as likely to have never heard of the Active Kids program (OR: 2.04, 95% CIs 1.31, 3.16) or to have heard or the program but not registered (OR: 1.94, 95% CIs 1.26, 3.00), and more than twice as likely to have registered for a voucher, but not followed through and redeemed the voucher (OR: 2.68, 95% CIs 1.27, 5.63) compared with the least disadvantaged quartile. CONCLUSIONS The Active Kids program has provided financial support for organised sport and physical activity to a large number of children. However, there are still a substantial proportion of socially disadvantaged groups who are unaware or have not engaged in the program. Further targeted work is required to increase the awareness and engagement in the program for socially disadvantaged groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Owen
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.
| | - Bridget C Foley
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - B Bellew
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Lindsey J Reece
- SPRINTER, Prevention Research Collaboration, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia
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Garn AC, Morin AJS, White RL, Owen KB, Donley W, Lonsdale C. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity as a predictor of changes in physical self-concept in adolescents. Health Psychol 2019; 39:190-198. [PMID: 31750675 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical self-concept and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are fundamental components of adolescents' health and well-being. Previous research suggests that physical self-concept and MVPA share reciprocal relations whereby physical self-concept is both an antecedent (i.e., self-enhancement) and outcome (i.e., skill development) of MVPA. However, these studies rely on subjective reports of MVPA, which can produce social desirability bias and challenge youth's recall capabilities. In order to address this gap, we test a reciprocal effects model examining the interplay between adolescents' physical self-concept and its facets and 7 days of objectively measured MVPA. METHOD Australian adolescents (N = 1,767) completed 4,136 time-specific observations across 3 waves of data. Structural equation modeling was used to test the reciprocal effects model. RESULTS After controlling for body mass index and sex, results only supported the role of MVPA as an antecedent of physical self-concept. The percentage of time adolescents spent in MVPA during school was especially important to predicting a higher physical self-concept in the future. CONCLUSIONS Findings did not support a reciprocal effects model of physical self-concept and objectively measured MVPA. Rather, physical self-concept and facets were outcomes of school-based MVPA, suggesting emphasis be placed on promoting adolescents' physical activity participation. This study demonstrates the benefits that school MVPA provides to adolescents' development of a positive physical self-concept, which is essential to optimizing long-term health and well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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26
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Hartwig TB, Del Pozo-Cruz B, White RL, Sanders T, Kirwan M, Parker PD, Vasconcellos D, Lee J, Owen KB, Antczak D, Lubans DR, Lonsdale C. A monitoring system to provide feedback on student physical activity during physical education lessons. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:1305-1312. [PMID: 31033042 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
School-based physical education (PE) provides opportunities to accumulate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but many students are insufficiently active during PE lessons. Providing teachers with feedback regarding their students' physical activity may increase the effectiveness of PE for achieving MVPA goals, but existing physical activity monitoring technologies have limitations in class environments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a system capable of providing feedback on PE lesson MVPA. Equations for translating step counts to %MVPA were derived from measures in 492 students who concurrently wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ (ActiGraph) and Yamax pedometer (Yamax) during a PE lesson. To enhance feedback availability during PE lessons, we then developed a bespoke monitoring system using wireless tri-axial pedometers (HMM) and a smart device app. After developing and testing the monitoring system, we assessed its validity and reliability in 100 students during a PE lesson. There was a strong correlation of 0.896 between step counts and accelerometer-determined %MVPA and quantile regression equations showed good validity for translating step counts to %MVPA with a mean absolute difference of 5.3 (95% CI, 4.4-6.2). The physical activity monitoring system was effective at providing %MVPA during PE lessons with a mean difference of 1.6 ± 7.1 compared with accelerometer-determined %MVPA (7% difference between the two measurement methods). Teachers and students can use a smart device app and wireless pedometers to conveniently obtain feedback during PE lessons. Future studies should determine whether such technologies help teachers to increase physical activity during PE lessons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy B Hartwig
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Borja Del Pozo-Cruz
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rhiannon L White
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Taren Sanders
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Morwenna Kirwan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip D Parker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diego Vasconcellos
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jane Lee
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katherine B Owen
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Devan Antczak
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle University Drive, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Owen KB, Parker PD, Astell-Burt T, Lonsdale C. Regular Physical Activity and Educational Outcomes in Youth: A Longitudinal Study. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:334-340. [PMID: 29229462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objectives of this study were to determine whether longitudinal changes in accelerometer-assessed moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were associated with changes in educational outcomes (i.e., academic performance and mathematics engagement) and to examine whether the association was nonlinear. METHODS Longitudinal data were collected from 2,194 Australian adolescents (mean age = 13.40 years, standard deviation = .73) at two time points (Term 1, 2014, and Term 2, 2015). To measure the total MVPA, the adolescents wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days. The participants responded to a questionnaire to measure mathematics engagement and completed a nationally administered numeracy test to assess academic performance. RESULTS Latent change score models indicated that increases in MVPA had a positive quadratic association with National Assessment Program-Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) scores in girls (β = .39, p < .001) but not boys. In comparison, cross-sectional regression analyses indicated that MVPA had a positive quadratic association with NAPLAN scores in grade 7 (β = .92, p = .04) boys and in grade 9 boys (β = .60, p = .06), but not in girls. There was also a positive quadratic association between MVPA and school engagement in grade 9 boys (β = .77, p = .03). CONCLUSIONS Cross-sectional evidence indicated that boys who were more physically active had better educational outcomes than their less active peers, and girls who increased their regular physical activity showed improvements in academic performance. All students need to increase their physical activity levels for health and educational benefits, without compromising the time spent on study and homework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Owen
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip D Parker
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- Population Wellbeing and Environment Research Lab (PowerLab), School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; Menzies Centre for Health Policy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia.
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Lonsdale C, Lester A, Owen KB, White RL, Peralta L, Kirwan M, Diallo TMO, Maeder AJ, Bennie A, MacMillan F, Kolt GS, Ntoumanis N, Gore JM, Cerin E, Cliff DP, Lubans DR. An internet-supported school physical activity intervention in low socioeconomic status communities: results from the Activity and Motivation in Physical Education (AMPED) cluster randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2017; 53:341-347. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveQuality physical education (PE) is the cornerstone of comprehensive school physical activity (PA) promotion programmes. We tested the efficacy of a teacher professional learning intervention, delivered partially via the internet, designed to maximise opportunities for students to be active during PE lessons and enhance adolescents’ motivation towards PE and PA.MethodsA two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial with teachers and Grade 8 students from secondary schools in low socioeconomic areas of Western Sydney, Australia. The Activity and Motivation in Physical Education (AMPED) intervention for secondary school PE teachers included workshops, online learning, implementation tasks and mentoring sessions. The primary outcome was the proportion of PE lesson time that students spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), measured by accelerometers at baseline, postintervention (7–8 months after baseline) and maintenance (14–15 months). Secondary outcomes included observed PE teachers’ behaviour during lessons, students’ leisure-time PA and students’ motivation.ResultsStudents (n=1421) from 14 schools completed baseline assessments and were included in linear mixed model analyses. The intervention had positive effects on students’ MVPA during lessons. At postintervention, the adjusted mean difference in the proportion of lesson time spent in MVPA was 5.58% (p<0.001, approximately 4 min/lesson). During the maintenance phase, this effect was 2.64% (p<0.001, approximately 2 min/lesson). The intervention had positive effects on teachers’ behaviour, but did not impact students’ motivation.ConclusionsAMPED produced modest improvements in MVPA and compares favourably with previous interventions delivered exclusively face-to-face. Online teacher training could help facilitate widespread dissemination of professional learning interventions.Trial registration numberACTRN12614000184673.
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29
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Owen KB, Parker PD, Astell-Burt T, Lonsdale C. Effects of physical activity and breaks on mathematics engagement in adolescents. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:63-68. [PMID: 28751075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine whether physical activity has a positive relationship with school engagement regardless of the presence or absence of a recess or lunch break before the classroom lesson. DESIGN Data were collected over three ten-week periods: January-April 2014 (Time 1), October-December 2014 (Time 2), and April-June 2015 (Time 3). METHODS A cohort of 2194 adolescents (mean age=13.40years, SD=.73) wore an accelerometer during the hour before a mathematics lesson and completed a questionnaire following the mathematics lesson to assess school engagement in that lesson. RESULTS Linear mixed models indicated that moderate-intensity activity before a mathematics lesson had a positive linear relationship with cognitive engagement (β=.40, p<.05). Recess breaks before a mathematics lesson had a negative relationship with overall, behavioural, emotional, and cognitive engagement (β=-.18, p<.01, β=-.19, p<.01, β=-.13, p=.03, and β=-.13, p=.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Promoting moderate-intensity activity prior to mathematics lessons could improve students' cognitive engagement. Educators should be aware that students tend to demonstrate the lowest levels of school engagement after recess breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Australia; School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom
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30
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Lonsdale C, Lester A, Owen KB, White RL, Moyes I, Peralta L, Kirwan M, Maeder A, Bennie A, MacMillan F, Kolt GS, Ntoumanis N, Gore JM, Cerin E, Diallo TMO, Cliff DP, Lubans DR. An Internet-supported Physical Activity Intervention Delivered in Secondary Schools Located in Low Socio-economic Status Communities: Study Protocol for the Activity and Motivation in Physical Education (AMPED) Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:17. [PMID: 26740092 PMCID: PMC4704292 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background School-based physical education is an important public health initiative as it has the potential to provide students with regular opportunities to participate in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Unfortunately, in many physical education lessons students do not engage in sufficient MVPA to achieve health benefits. In this trial we will test the efficacy of a teacher professional development intervention, delivered partially via the Internet, on secondary school students’ MVPA during physical education lessons. Teaching strategies covered in this training are designed to (i) maximize opportunities for students to be physically active during lessons and (ii) enhance students’ autonomous motivation towards physical activity. Method A two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial with allocation at the school level (intervention vs. usual care control). Teachers and Year 8 students in government-funded secondary schools in low socio-economic areas of the Western Sydney region of Australia will be eligible to participate. During the main portion of the intervention (6 months), teachers will participate in two workshops and complete two implementation tasks at their school. Implementation tasks will involve video-based self-reflection via the project’s Web 2.0 platform and an individualized feedback meeting with a project mentor. Each intervention school will also complete two group peer-mentoring sessions at their school (one per term) in which they will discuss implementation with members of their school physical education staff. In the booster period (3 months), teachers will complete a half-day workshop at their school, plus one online implementation task, and a group mentoring session at their school. Throughout the entire intervention period (main intervention plus booster period), teachers will have access to online resources. Data collection will include baseline, post-intervention (7–8 months after baseline) and maintenance phase (14–15 months after baseline) assessments. Research assistants blinded to group allocation will collect all data. The primary outcome will be the proportion of physical education lesson time that students spend in MVPA. Secondary outcomes will include leisure-time physical activity, subjective well-being, and motivation towards physical activity. Discussion The provision of an online training platform for teachers could help facilitate more widespread dissemination of evidence-based interventions compared with programs that rely exclusively on face-to-face training. Trial registration Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry-ACTRN12614000184673. Registration date: February 19, 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2583-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, 25A Barker Road, Strathfield, NSW, 2135, Australia.
| | - Aidan Lester
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, 25A Barker Road, Strathfield, NSW, 2135, Australia.
| | - Katherine B Owen
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, 25A Barker Road, Strathfield, NSW, 2135, Australia.
| | - Rhiannon L White
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, 25A Barker Road, Strathfield, NSW, 2135, Australia.
| | - Ian Moyes
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, 25A Barker Road, Strathfield, NSW, 2135, Australia.
| | - Louisa Peralta
- Faculty of Education and Social Work, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Morwenna Kirwan
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| | - Anthony Maeder
- School Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| | - Andrew Bennie
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| | - Freya MacMillan
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| | - Gregory S Kolt
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
| | - Nikos Ntoumanis
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, 6102, Australia.
| | - Jennifer M Gore
- School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Ester Cerin
- Center for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria, 3125, Australia. .,School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Thierno M O Diallo
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, 25A Barker Road, Strathfield, NSW, 2135, Australia.
| | - Dylan P Cliff
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - David R Lubans
- Priority Research Center in Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
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B Owen K, Smith J, Lubans DR, Ng JYY, Lonsdale C. Self-determined motivation and physical activity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med 2014; 67:270-9. [PMID: 25073077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-determination theory is used as a framework for examining the relation between motivation and physical activity. The purpose of this review was to systematically review studies that assessed the association between self-determined motivation and physical activity levels in children and adolescents. METHOD We searched electronic databases in April 2013. Included studies assessed the relation between motivation (as outlined in self-determination theory) and physical activity in children and adolescents. RESULTS Forty-six studies (n=15,984 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis indicated that overall levels of self-determined motivation had a weak to moderate, positive associations with physical activity (ρ=.21 to .31). Autonomous forms of motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation and identified regulation) had moderate, positive associations with physical activity (ρ=.27 to .38), whereas controlled forms of motivation (i.e., introjection and external regulation) had weak, negative associations with physical activity (ρ=-.03 to -.17). Amotivation had a weak, negative association with physical activity (ρ=-.11 to -.21). CONCLUSIONS Evidence provides some support for self-determination theory tenets. However, there was substantial heterogeneity in most associations and many studies had methodological shortcomings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Owen
- University of Western Sydney, Australia; Australian Catholic University, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Chris Lonsdale
- University of Western Sydney, Australia; Australian Catholic University, Australia.
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Owen KB, Astell-Burt T, Lonsdale C. The relationship between self-determined motivation and physical activity in adolescent boys. J Adolesc Health 2013; 53:420-2. [PMID: 23810429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical education (PE) lessons and leisure-time represent two important opportunities for adolescents to accumulate moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). PURPOSE Framed by self-determination theory, this study investigated how much of the observed variation in adolescent boys' MVPA levels (during PE and leisure-time) was explained by individual- and class-level motivation. METHODS Cross-sectional design. Adolescent boys (N = 61, M = 14.36 years, SD = .48 years) completed motivation questionnaires and wore an accelerometer during a PE lesson and across 7 consecutive days. RESULTS Self-determined motivation toward PE predicted MVPA during PE lessons (R(2) = .31). Self-determined motivation toward leisure-time physical activity was positively associated with MVPA during leisure-time (R(2) = .08). CONCLUSIONS Findings support the tenets of self-determination theory and suggest that motivation may be an important correlate of adolescent boys' MVPA in PE lessons and during leisure-time. Also, results indicated that teachers' behavior may be an important determinant of MVPA in PE lessons, while individual motivation may be more important in leisure-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Owen
- University of Western Sydney, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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