1
|
Phan V, Beck JW. Why Do People (Not) Take Breaks? An Investigation of Individuals' Reasons for Taking and for Not Taking Breaks at Work. J Bus Psychol 2022; 38:259-282. [PMID: 36593864 PMCID: PMC9798373 DOI: 10.1007/s10869-022-09866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although breaks can help employees stay energized and maintain high levels of performance throughout the day, employees sometimes refrain from taking a break despite wanting to do so. Unfortunately, few studies have investigated individuals' reasons for taking and for not taking a break at work. To address this gap, we developed a model for predicting employees' break-taking behaviors. We developed hypotheses by integrating theories of work stress, self-regulation, and the results of a qualitative survey conducted as part of the current research (Study 1). Specifically, we predicted that high workloads would be positively related to the desire to detach from work, but that at the same time, high workloads would also deter employees from actually taking breaks. Furthermore, we predicted that employees would be less likely to act upon their desire to take a break within an environment where breaks are frowned upon by supervisors and coworkers, relative to an environment where breaks are allowed and encouraged. The results of a daily diary study of full-time employees (Study 2) provided general support for these predictions. Altogether, this research provides insights into the manner in which employees' psychological experiences and characteristics of the work environment combine to predict break-taking. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10869-022-09866-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Phan
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| | - James W. Beck
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kallings LV, Blom V, Ekblom B, Holmlund T, Eriksson JS, Andersson G, Wallin P, Ekblom-Bak E. Workplace sitting is associated with self-reported general health and back/neck pain: a cross-sectional analysis in 44,978 employees. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:875. [PMID: 33957889 PMCID: PMC8101162 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Total sitting time is associated with a higher risk for cardio metabolic disease and mortality, while breaks in prolonged sitting attenuate these effects. However, less is known about associations of different specific domains and breaks of sitting on general health, back/neck pain and if physical activity could influence these associations. The aim was to investigate how workplace sitting and frequency of breaking up workplace sitting is associated with self-reported general health and self-reported back/neck pain. Methods 44,978 participants (42% women) from the Swedish working population, who participated in a nationwide occupational health service screening 2014–2019, were included in this cross-sectional study. Self-reported sitting duration and frequency of breaks from sitting at work, general health, back/neck pain, exercise, leisure time sitting, diet, smoking, stress and body mass index were assessed. Occupation was classified as requiring higher education qualifications or not. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess the association between workplace sitting/frequency of breaks in workplace sitting and poor general health and back/neck pain, respectively. Results Compared to sitting all the time at work, sitting ≤75% of the time showed significantly lower risks for poor general health (OR range 0.50–0.65), and sitting between 25 and 75% of the time showed significantly lower risks (OR 0.82–0.87) for often reported back/neck pain. For participants reporting sitting half of their working time or more, breaking up workplace sitting occasionally or more often showed significantly lower OR than seldom breaking up workplace sitting; OR ranged 0.40–0.50 for poor health and 0.74–0.81 for back/neck pain. Conclusions Sitting almost all the time at work and not taking breaks is associated with an increased risk for self-reported poor general health and back/neck pain. People sitting almost all their time at work are recommended to take breaks from prolonged sitting, exercise regularly and decrease their leisure time sitting to reduce the risk for poor health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10893-8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena V Kallings
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Family Medicine and Preventive Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Victoria Blom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Holmlund
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jane Salier Eriksson
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Peter Wallin
- HPI, Health Profile Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Ekblom-Bak
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH), Box 5626, SE-114 86, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aho S, Vuoristo MS, Raitanen J, Mansikkamäki K, Alanko J, Vähä-Ypyä H, Luoto R, Kellokumpu-Lehtinen PL, Vasankari T. Higher number of steps and breaks during sedentary behaviour are associated with better lipid profiles. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:629. [PMID: 33789632 PMCID: PMC8010961 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is known to be associated with lipid profiles and the risk of both cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of objectively measured PA, sedentary behaviour (SB), amount of breaks during SB and number of daily steps with serum lipids in a healthy, Finnish, middle-aged, female population. METHODS The participants (571) were recruited at mammography screening, target group was women aged 50-60 years. A measurement of PA was done with accelerometer, blood lipid profile was assessed, and questionnaires of participants characteristics were sent to participants. RESULTS The participants with the highest number of daily breaks during SB (≥ 41) had the highest mean concentration of HDL-cholesterol (high density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-c) (1.9 mmol/l, standard deviation (SD) 0.4) and the lowest mean concentration of triglycerides (1.0 mmol/l, SD 0.5). HDL-c level was 0.16 mmol/l higher (p < 0.001) in the group with 28-40.9 breaks/day and 0.25 mmol/l higher (p < 0.001) among participants with ≥41 breaks/day than in the group with the fewest breaks during SB (< 28). Those with the most daily steps (≥ 9100) had the highest mean HDL-c level (1.9 mmol/l). HDL-c level was 0.16 mmol/l higher (p < 0.001) among the participants with 5600-9099 steps/day and 0.26 mmol/l higher (p < 0.001) among participants with ≥9100 steps/day than those with the fewest steps (< 5600). The number of daily steps was inversely associated with the triglyceride concentration. From wake-time, participants spent 60% in SB, 18% standing, 14% in light PA, and 9% in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). PA was associated with serum total cholesterol (TC), HDL-c and triglyceride levels. The mean HDL-c level was the highest in the lowest quartile of SB and in the highest quartile of MVPA. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a high number of objectively measured breaks during SB is associated with a favourable effect on the level of serum lipids, which may later translate into cardiovascular health among middle-aged women. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was registered and approved by the Regional Ethics Committee of Tampere University Hospital in Finland (approval code R15137 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Aho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and TAYS Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. .,Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, P. O. Box 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Meri-Sisko Vuoristo
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and TAYS Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, P. O. Box 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jani Raitanen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.,Tampere University, Faculty of Social Sciences (Health Sciences), Tampere, Finland
| | - Kirsi Mansikkamäki
- Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Biomedical Laboratory Science, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Alanko
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and TAYS Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Luoto
- Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Pirkko-Liisa Kellokumpu-Lehtinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and TAYS Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Tampere University Hospital, Research, Development and Innovation Center, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.,Tampere University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aadland E, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Kvalheim OM. Associations of volumes and patterns of physical activity with metabolic health in children: A multivariate pattern analysis approach. Prev Med 2018; 115:12-18. [PMID: 30081134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) favorably affects metabolic health in children, but it is unclear how total volumes versus patterns (bouts and breaks) of PA relate to health. By means of multivariate pattern analysis that can handle collinear variables, we determined the associations of PA volumes and patterns with children's metabolic health using different epoch settings. A sample of 841 Norwegian children (age 10.2 ± 0.3 years) provided in 2014 data on accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+), using epoch settings of 1, 10, and 60 s and several indices of metabolic health used to create a composite metabolic health score. We created 355 PA indices covering the whole intensity and bout duration spectrum, and used multivariate pattern analysis to analyze the data. Findings showed that bouts of PA added information about childhood health beyond total volumes of PA for all epoch settings. Yet, associations of PA patterns with metabolic health were completely dependent on the epoch settings used. Vigorous PA was strongly associated with metabolic health, while associations of light and moderate PA were weak to moderate, and associations of sedentary time with metabolic health was non-existing. Short intermittent bursts of PA were favorably associated with children's metabolic health, whereas associations of prolonged bouts were weak. This study is the first to determine the multivariate physical activity association pattern related to metabolic health in children across the whole PA intensity and bout duration spectrum. The findings challenge our understanding of PA patterns, and are of major importance for the analysis of accelerometry data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Box 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Owen KB, Parker PD, Astell-Burt T, Lonsdale C. Effects of physical activity and breaks on mathematics engagement in adolescents. J Sci Med Sport 2017; 21:63-68. [PMID: 28751075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine whether physical activity has a positive relationship with school engagement regardless of the presence or absence of a recess or lunch break before the classroom lesson. DESIGN Data were collected over three ten-week periods: January-April 2014 (Time 1), October-December 2014 (Time 2), and April-June 2015 (Time 3). METHODS A cohort of 2194 adolescents (mean age=13.40years, SD=.73) wore an accelerometer during the hour before a mathematics lesson and completed a questionnaire following the mathematics lesson to assess school engagement in that lesson. RESULTS Linear mixed models indicated that moderate-intensity activity before a mathematics lesson had a positive linear relationship with cognitive engagement (β=.40, p<.05). Recess breaks before a mathematics lesson had a negative relationship with overall, behavioural, emotional, and cognitive engagement (β=-.18, p<.01, β=-.19, p<.01, β=-.13, p=.03, and β=-.13, p=.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Promoting moderate-intensity activity prior to mathematics lessons could improve students' cognitive engagement. Educators should be aware that students tend to demonstrate the lowest levels of school engagement after recess breaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Astell-Burt
- School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Australia; School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD, Saunders TJ, Carson V, Latimer-Cheung AE, Chastin SF, Altenburg TM, Chinapaw MJ. Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) - Terminology Consensus Project process and outcome. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:75. [PMID: 28599680 PMCID: PMC5466781 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1779] [Impact Index Per Article: 254.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prominence of sedentary behavior research in health science has grown rapidly. With this growth there is increasing urgency for clear, common and accepted terminology and definitions. Such standardization is difficult to achieve, especially across multi-disciplinary researchers, practitioners, and industries. The Sedentary Behavior Research Network (SBRN) undertook a Terminology Consensus Project to address this need. METHOD First, a literature review was completed to identify key terms in sedentary behavior research. These key terms were then reviewed and modified by a Steering Committee formed by SBRN. Next, SBRN members were invited to contribute to this project and interested participants reviewed and provided feedback on the proposed list of terms and draft definitions through an online survey. Finally, a conceptual model and consensus definitions (including caveats and examples for all age groups and functional abilities) were finalized based on the feedback received from the 87 SBRN member participants who responded to the original invitation and survey. RESULTS Consensus definitions for the terms physical inactivity, stationary behavior, sedentary behavior, standing, screen time, non-screen-based sedentary time, sitting, reclining, lying, sedentary behavior pattern, as well as how the terms bouts, breaks, and interruptions should be used in this context are provided. CONCLUSION It is hoped that the definitions resulting from this comprehensive, transparent, and broad-based participatory process will result in standardized terminology that is widely supported and adopted, thereby advancing future research, interventions, policies, and practices related to sedentary behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark S. Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Salomé Aubert
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Joel D. Barnes
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1 Canada
| | - Travis J. Saunders
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 4P3 Canada
| | - Valerie Carson
- Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H9 Canada
| | - Amy E. Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Sebastien F.M. Chastin
- Institute of Applied Health Research, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland
- Department of Movement and Sport Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Teatske M. Altenburg
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mai J.M. Chinapaw
- VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Júdice PB, Silva AM, Berria J, Petroski EL, Ekelund U, Sardinha LB. Sedentary patterns, physical activity and health-related physical fitness in youth: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2017; 14:25. [PMID: 28259140 PMCID: PMC5336686 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-017-0481-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Strong evidence indicates that moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is positively associated with fitness in youth, independent of total sedentary-time. Sedentary-time appears negatively associated with fitness only when it replaces MVPA. However, whether different sedentary-patterns affect health-related fitness is unknown. Methods The associations between MVPA and sedentary-patterns with physical fitness were examined in 2698 youths (1262 boys) aged 13.4 ± 2.28 years. Sedentary-time (counts · minute−1 < 100) and PA were objectively measured by accelerometry. Each break (≥100 counts · min−1 < 2295) in sedentary-time and the frequency of daily bouts in non-prolonged (<30 min) and prolonged (≥30 min) sedentary-time were determined. The FITNESSGRAM® test battery was used to assess fitness. A standardized fitness composite-score (z-score) was calculated by summing the individual z-scores of the five tests adjusted to age and sex. Results Positive associations between MVPA and fitness were observed in both boys (β = 0.013, 95% CI: 0.005; 0.021) and girls (β = 0.014, 95% CI: 0.006; 0.022), independent of sedentary-patterns. Modest associations were found for the breaks in sedentary-time with fitness (β = 0.026, 95% CI: 0.009; 0.042), independent of total sedentary-time and MVPA in boys. In girls, non-prolonged sedentary bouts were positively associated with fitness (β = 0.014, 95% CI: 0.003; 0.024), independent of total sedentary-time and MVPA. Conclusions These results reinforce that, independent of the time and patterns of sedentary behavior, MVPA is consistently associated with fitness in youth. Modest and inconsistent associations were found for sedentary behaviors. Breaking-up sedentary-time in boys and non-prolonged sedentary bouts in girls were positively associated with fitness, independent of total sedentary-time and MVPA. In order to enhance youth’s fitness, public health recommendations should primarily target MVPA, still, suggestion to reduce and break-up sedentary-time may also be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro B Júdice
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz-Quebrada, Lisbon, 1499-002, Portugal
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz-Quebrada, Lisbon, 1499-002, Portugal
| | - Juliane Berria
- Graduate in Physical Education Program, Kinanthropometry Center and Human Performance, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Edio L Petroski
- Graduate in Physical Education Program, Kinanthropometry Center and Human Performance, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, Cruz-Quebrada, Lisbon, 1499-002, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vujić S, Commandeur JJ, Koopman SJ. Intervention time series analysis of crime rates: The case of sentence reform in Virginia. Econ Model 2016; 57:311-323. [PMID: 32287827 PMCID: PMC7127709 DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2016.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We review the basic concepts of intervention analysis in the context of structural time series models and we apply this methodology to investigate the possible reduction in monthly crime rates reported from January 1984 up to and including December 2010 after Virginia abolished parole and reformed sentencing in January 1995. We find that the change in legislation has significantly reduced the burglary rates and to a lesser extent the murder rates in Virginia. The robustness of our results is investigated with an automatic detection of breaks procedure as well as with analyses of quarterly rather than monthly data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunčica Vujić
- University of Antwerp, Belgium
- University of Bath, UK
- Corresponding author at: Department of Economics, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
| | | | - Siem Jan Koopman
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Tinbergen Institute, The Netherlands
- CREATES, Aarhus University, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
van Loo CMT, Okely AD, Batterham MJ, Hinkley T, Ekelund U, Brage S, Reilly JJ, Jones RA, Janssen X, Cliff DP. Validation of thigh-based accelerometer estimates of postural allocation in 5-12 year-olds. J Sci Med Sport 2016; 20:273-277. [PMID: 27566897 PMCID: PMC5361055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To validate activPAL3™ (AP3) for classifying postural allocation, estimating time spent in postures and examining the number of breaks in sedentary behaviour (SB) in 5-12 year-olds. DESIGN Laboratory-based validation study. METHODS Fifty-seven children completed 15 sedentary, light- and moderate-to-vigorous intensity activities. Direct observation (DO) was used as the criterion measure. The accuracy of AP3 was examined using a confusion matrix, equivalence testing, Bland-Altman procedures and a paired t-test for 5-8y and 9-12y. RESULTS Sensitivity of AP3 was 86.8%, 82.5% and 85.3% for sitting/lying, standing, and stepping, respectively, in 5-8y and 95.3%, 81.5% and 85.1%, respectively, in 9-12y. Time estimates of AP3 were equivalent to DO for sitting/lying in 9-12y and stepping in all ages, but not for sitting/lying in 5-12y and standing in all ages. Underestimation of sitting/lying time was smaller in 9-12y (1.4%, limits of agreement [LoA]: -13.8 to 11.1%) compared to 5-8y (12.6%, LoA: -39.8 to 14.7%). Underestimation for stepping time was small (5-8y: 6.5%, LoA: -18.3 to 5.3%; 9-12y: 7.6%, LoA: -16.8 to 1.6%). Considerable overestimation was found for standing (5-8y: 36.8%, LoA: -16.3 to 89.8%; 9-12y: 19.3%, LoA: -1.6 to 36.9%). SB breaks were significantly overestimated (5-8y: 53.2%, 9-12y: 28.3%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS AP3 showed acceptable accuracy for classifying postures, however estimates of time spent standing were consistently overestimated and individual error was considerable. Estimates of sitting/lying were more accurate for 9-12y. Stepping time was accurately estimated for all ages. SB breaks were significantly overestimated, although the absolute difference was larger in 5-8y. Surveillance applications of AP3 would be acceptable, however, individual level applications might be less accurate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiana M T van Loo
- Early Start Research Institute and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start Research Institute and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Marijka J Batterham
- School of Mathematics and Applied Statistics, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Trina Hinkley
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Norway; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Søren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John J Reilly
- University of Strathclyde, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, Scotland
| | - Rachel A Jones
- Early Start Research Institute and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Xanne Janssen
- University of Strathclyde, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, Scotland
| | - Dylan P Cliff
- Early Start Research Institute and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lasselin J, Viart L, Lasselin-Boyard P, Raynal G, Saint F. [Flexible ureteroscope damages. Evaluation of university hospital service equipment]. Prog Urol 2015; 25:265-73. [PMID: 25687651 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate predictors of flexible ureterorenoscopes breakage and damage of their optical beam. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective survey, single center on 393 interventions with 4 flexible ureterorenoscopes between January 2009 and March 2013. We analyzed factors linked to patient, pathology and surgical technique. RESULTS We identified 21 major accidents, a breakage rate of 5.34% and 76 pixels losses in the maintenance of endoscopes and 10 during the procedure. The only statistically significant predictor of loss was the cumulative duration of operating time since the last repair (P=0.04, OR=1.001 [1-1001]). For lesions of the optical beam between the procedures, parameters appearing as significant were the ureterorenoscope model (P=0.01, OR=2.558, 95% CI [1229-5326]), the use of instruments by the working channel: the laser (P=0.02, OR=2.06, 95% CI [1109-3827]), or the use of endoluminal graspers (P=0.007, OR=0.467, 95% CI [0269-0809]). Intraoperatively, the number of open or laparoscopic surgery (P=0.007, OR=3.105, 95% CI [1364-7068]), duration of intervention (P=0.01, OR=1.023, 95% CI [1.006-1041]) and the cumulative duration of intervention (P=0.003, OR=1.001, 95% CI [1-1002]) appeared to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION The only predictor of loss of equipment under repair was the cumulative duration of operation time. It has not been demonstrated any difference between ureterorenoscopes. It was during the endoscopes disinfection that the majority of optical beam lesions take place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Lasselin
- Service d'urologie transplantation, CHU d'Amiens, avenue Laennec, 80480 Salouel, France.
| | - L Viart
- Service d'urologie transplantation, CHU d'Amiens, avenue Laennec, 80480 Salouel, France
| | - P Lasselin-Boyard
- Service de rhumatologie, CHU d'Amiens, place Victor-Pauchet, 80000 Amiens, France
| | - G Raynal
- Service d'urologie transplantation, CHU d'Amiens, avenue Laennec, 80480 Salouel, France
| | - F Saint
- Service d'urologie transplantation, CHU d'Amiens, avenue Laennec, 80480 Salouel, France
| |
Collapse
|