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Bergum H, Grimsmo J, Anderssen SA, Klemsdal TO. Effects on physical activity, physical fitness and well-being in a 36-months randomized controlled study, comparing a multimodal hospital-based intervention programme for primary cardiovascular prevention with usual care. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:225. [PMID: 38664620 PMCID: PMC11044290 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03892-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and primary prevention efforts are poorly developed in people at high cardiovascular risk. On this background, we performed the Hjerteløftet Study and demonstrated that participation over 36 months in a multimodal primary prevention programme, significantly reduced validated cardiovascular risk scores. In the current substudy we aimed to further explore several elements and effects following the intervention programme. METHODS A random sample from the original Hjerteløftet Study was included for further examinations (n = 255, 40% women), and these patients were already randomized to an intervention group (IG) (n = 127), or a control group (CG) (n = 128). We compared changes from baseline to 36-months follow-up in physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, psychological well-being (WHO-5), cardiovascular medication use, smoking habits, and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, lipids, blood glucose, HbA1c, Apolipoprotein A-I, Apolipoprotein B and high-sensitive C-reactive protein). RESULTS Self-reported physical activity increased significantly with absolute difference in mean delta Physical Activity Index score in the IG compared to the CG: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.10 to 1.70, p = 0.028 (ANCOVA). There were no corresponding differences in cardiorespiratory fitness. The participation resulted in psychological well-being improvement in both groups with a larger increase in the IG compared to the CG. The mean difference in delta WHO-5 score was 5.06, 95% CI: 0.68 to 9.45, p = 0.024, and 3.28, 95% CI: -0.69 to 5.25, p = 0.104 when controlled for baseline values (ANCOVA). The use of antihypertensive medication increased significantly more in the CG (p = 0.044). Only minor, nonsignificant changes were observed for traditional risk factors and cardiometabolic variables. CONCLUSIONS Participation in the Hjerteløftet Study intervention programme resulted in an improved physical activity level, but without changing cardiorespiratory fitness. Participation in the programme also tended to improve psychological well-being, possibly related to increased physical activity, less smoking and less use of cardiovascular medication. Concerning the metabolic status, no major differences were observed, but minor changes may have been concealed by a larger increase in cardiovascular medication use in the control group. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01741428), 04/12/2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Bergum
- Department of Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Lovisenberg Rehabilitation, Cathinka Guldbergs Hospital, Jessheim, 2051, Norway.
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jostein Grimsmo
- Department of Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Lovisenberg Rehabilitation, Cathinka Guldbergs Hospital, Jessheim, 2051, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, the Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Ole Klemsdal
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Aker, Trondheimsveien 235, 0586, Oslo, Norway
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Bratteteig M, Rueegg CS, Raastad T, Grydeland M, Torsvik IK, Schindera C, Ruud E, Anderssen SA. Physical Activity, Fitness, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Adolescent Childhood Cancer Survivors Compared to Controls: The Physical Activity in Childhood Cancer Survivors Study. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024; 13:338-346. [PMID: 37703544 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2023.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors have increased risk of cardiac late effects that can be potentially mitigated by physical activity and fitness. We aimed to (1) compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk between survivors and controls, and (2) examine whether the associations of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and musculoskeletal fitness (MSF) with CVD risk factors differed between survivors and controls. Methods: Within the Physical Activity in Childhood Cancer Survivors (PACCS) study, we assessed CVD risk factors (android fat mass, systolic blood pressure [SBP], total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein [HDL]-cholesterol, and glycosylated hemoglobin) in 157 childhood cancer survivors and 113 age- and sex-matched controls aged 9-18 years. We used multivariable mixed linear regression models to compare CVD risk factors between survivors and controls, and assess associations of MVPA, CRF, and MSF with CVD risk factors. Results: Compared with controls, survivors had more android fat mass (861 vs. 648 g, p = 0.001) and lower SBP (114 vs. 118 mmHg, p = 0.002). MVPA, CRF, and MSF were associated with lower levels of android fat mass and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, and higher SBP in survivors. Associations of MVPA, CRF, and MSF with CVD risk factors were similar in survivors and controls (Pinteraction > 0.05), except the associations of CRF and MSF with android fat mass, which were stronger in survivors than in controls (Pinteraction ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: Owing to higher levels of android fat mass and its stronger association with physical fitness in childhood cancer survivors compared with controls, survivors should get targeted interventions to increase fitness to reduce future risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Bratteteig
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Corina Silvia Rueegg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - May Grydeland
- Department of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Christina Schindera
- Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Childhood Cancer Research Group, Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ellen Ruud
- Division for Paediatric- and Adolescence Medicine, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Husøy A, Kolle E, Steene-Johannessen J, Dalene KE, Andersen LB, Ekelund U, Anderssen SA. Longitudinal changes in device-measured physical activity from childhood to young adulthood: the PANCS follow-up study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2024; 21:29. [PMID: 38448922 PMCID: PMC10916240 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-024-01578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of longitudinal studies examining changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood to young adulthood. We aimed to assess changes in device-measured physical activity and sedentary time from childhood, through adolescence, into young adulthood in a Norwegian sample of ostensibly healthy men and women. METHODS A longitudinal cohort of 731 Norwegian boys and girls (49% girls) participated at age 9 years (2005-2006) and 15 years (2011-2012), and 258 of these participated again at age 24 years (2019-2021; including the COVID-19 pandemic period). Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using ActiGraph accelerometers. Linear mixed models were used to analyse changes in physical activity and sedentary time and whether low levels of childhood physical activity track, i.e., persist into young adulthood (nchange=721; ntracking=640). RESULTS The most prominent change occurred between the ages of 9 to 15 years, with an increase in sedentary time (150 min/day) and less time spent in light (125 min/day), moderate (16 min/day), and vigorous physical activity (8 min/day). Only smaller changes were observed between the ages of 15 and 24 years. Changes in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity from childhood to young adulthood differed between subgroups of sex, tertiles of body mass index at baseline and tertiles of peak oxygen uptake at baseline. While the tracking models indicated low absolute stability of physical activity from childhood to young adulthood, children in the lowest quartiles of moderate-to-vigorous (OR:1.88; 95%CI: 1.23, 2.86) and total physical activity (OR: 1.87; 95%CI: 1.21, 2.87) at age 9 years were almost 90% more likely to be in these quartiles at age 24 years compared to those belonging to the upper three quartiles at baseline. CONCLUSIONS We found a substantial reduction in physical activity and increase in time spent sedentary between age 9 and 15 years. Contrary to previous studies, using mainly self-reported physical activity, little change was observed between adolescence and young adulthood. The least active children were more likely to remain the least active adults and could be targeted for early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Husøy
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - E Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Steene-Johannessen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - K E Dalene
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - L B Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - U Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - S A Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Institutt for idrettsmedisinske fag, Norges idrettshøgskole, Pb 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
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Resaland GK, Bartholomew JB, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Aadland E. Effects of a school-based physical activity intervention on cardiometabolic health five years after cessation. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023. [PMID: 36916716 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While there have been several school-based physical activity (PA) interventions targeting improvement in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, few have assessed long-term effects. The aim of this paper was therefore to determine intervention effects on CVD risk factors five years after cessation. METHODS Two schools were assigned to intervention (n=125) or control (n=134). The intervention school offered 210 min/week more PA than the control school over two consecutive years (4th and 5th grades). Follow-up assessment was conducted five-year post intervention (10th grade) where 180-210 (73-85%) children provided valid data. Outcomes were CVD risk factors: triglyceride (TG), total-to-high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (TC:HDL ratio), insulin resistance (HOMA), blood pressure (BP), waist circumference (WC), and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak ). Variables were analyzed individually and as a composite score through linear mixed models, including random intercepts for children. RESULTS Analyses revealed significant sustained five-year intervention effects for HDL (ES=.22), diastolic BP (ES=.48), VO2peak (ES=.29), and composite risk score (ES=.38). These effects were similar to the immediate results following the intervention. In contrast, while TC:HDL ratio initially decreased post intervention (ES=.27), this decrease was not maintained at five-year follow-up (ES=.09), whereas WC was initially unchanged post intervention (ES=.02), but decreased at five-year follow-up (ES=.44). CONCLUSION The significant effects of a two-year school-based PA intervention remained for CVD risk factors five years after cessation of the intervention. As cardiometabolic health can be maintained long-term after school-based PA, this paper demonstrates the sustainability and potential of schools in the primary prevention of future CVD risk in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Resaland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway
| | - J B Bartholomew
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Austin, USA
| | - L B Andersen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.,Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - S A Anderssen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.,Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway
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Bergum H, Sandven I, Abdelnoor M, Anderssen SA, Grimsmo J, Rivrud DE, Myhr NE, Vold MB, Stenbakken C, Lidfors B, Dufseth L, Klemsdal TO. Randomized trial of cardiovascular prevention in Norway combining an in-hospital lifestyle course with primary care follow-up: the Hjerteløftet study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2252-2263. [PMID: 36124709 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular risk factor control is suboptimal in Europe, including Norway. The present study examined the efficacy of a multimodal primary prevention intervention programme based on the existing Norwegian health care system. METHODS AND RESULTS In this open-label randomized controlled trial, adult patients with elevated cardiovascular risk were randomly assigned to an intervention programme including a hospital-based lifestyle course and primary care follow-up or to a control group (CG). The participants were recruited between 2011 and 2015. Primary outcome was change in validated cardiovascular risk scores, national and international (NORRISK, NORRISK 2, Framingham, PROCAM) between baseline and follow-up. Secondary outcomes included major cardiovascular risk factors. After 36 months the NORRISK score was significantly improved in patients assigned to the intervention group (IG) compared to patients assigned to the CG; absolute difference in mean delta score in the IG (n = 305) compared to mean delta score in the CG (n = 296): -0.92, 95% CI: -1.48 to -0.36, P = 0.001. The results for NORRISK 2, Framingham and PROCAM showed similar significant effects. The secondary endpoints including total cholesterol and blood pressure were only minimally, and non-significantly, reduced in the IG, but the proportion of smokers (P = 0.0028) and with metabolic syndrome (P < 0.0001) were significantly reduced. A limited number of cardiovascular events were observed, IG (n = 9), CG (n = 16). CONCLUSION In subjects with elevated cardiovascular risk, a newly developed prevention programme, combining a hospital-based lifestyle course and primary care follow-up, significantly reduced cardiovascular risk scores after 36 months. This benefit appeared achievable primarily through improvements in metabolic syndrome characteristics and smoking habits.The study protocol was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01741428).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilde Bergum
- Department of rehabilitation and lifestyle medicine, LHL-Hospital Gardermoen, Postboks 103 Jessheimbyen, 2051 Jessheim, Norway.,University of Oslo, Postboks 1078 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Sandven
- Oslo Center for Biostatistics and Epidemiology (OCBE), Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Abdelnoor
- Epidemiology and Biological Statistics, Independent Health Research Unit, Nobels gate 5, 0273 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, the Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jostein Grimsmo
- Department of rehabilitation and lifestyle medicine, LHL-Hospital Gardermoen, Postboks 103 Jessheimbyen, 2051 Jessheim, Norway
| | - Dag Elle Rivrud
- Department of rehabilitation and lifestyle medicine, LHL-Hospital Gardermoen, Postboks 103 Jessheimbyen, 2051 Jessheim, Norway
| | - Nils Erling Myhr
- Department of rehabilitation and lifestyle medicine, LHL-Hospital Gardermoen, Postboks 103 Jessheimbyen, 2051 Jessheim, Norway
| | - Mona Bekken Vold
- Department of rehabilitation and lifestyle medicine, LHL-Hospital Gardermoen, Postboks 103 Jessheimbyen, 2051 Jessheim, Norway
| | - Cesilie Stenbakken
- Department of rehabilitation and lifestyle medicine, LHL-Hospital Gardermoen, Postboks 103 Jessheimbyen, 2051 Jessheim, Norway
| | - Bengt Lidfors
- Department of rehabilitation and lifestyle medicine, LHL-Hospital Gardermoen, Postboks 103 Jessheimbyen, 2051 Jessheim, Norway
| | - Laila Dufseth
- Department of rehabilitation and lifestyle medicine, LHL-Hospital Gardermoen, Postboks 103 Jessheimbyen, 2051 Jessheim, Norway
| | - Tor Ole Klemsdal
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Trondheimsveien 235, 0586 Oslo, Norway
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Solberg R, Steene-Johannessen J, Fagerland MW, Anderssen SA, Berntsen S, Resaland GK, van Sluijs EMF, Ekelund U, Kolle E. Aerobic Fitness Mediates The Intervention Effects Of A School-based Physical Activity Intervention On Academic Performance. The School In Motion Study - A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000876068.12516.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dalene KE, Kolle E, Steene-Johannessen J, Hansen BH, Ekelund U, Grydeland M, Anderssen SA, Tarp J. Device-measured sedentary time in Norwegian children and adolescents in the era of ubiquitous internet access: secular changes between 2005, 2011 and 2018. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1556-1567. [PMID: 35362538 PMCID: PMC9557841 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Access to screen-based media has been revolutionized during the past two decades. How this has affected sedentary time (ST) accumulation in children is poorly understood. Methods This study, based on the Physical Activity among Norwegian Children Study (PANCS), uses accelerometer data from population-based samples of 9- and 15‐year-olds, collected in 2005 (n = 1722), 2011 (n = 1587) and 2018 (n = 1859). Secular changes between surveys were analysed using random-effects linear regression models adjusted for survey-specific factors. Data on ST were collected using hip-worn ActiGraphs and ST was defined using a threshold equivalent to <100 counts/min. Sedentary bouts were grouped by duration: <1, 1–5, 5–15, 15–30 and ≥30 min. Results Between 2005 and 2018, ST increased by 29 min/day in 9-year-old boys (95% CI: 19, 39; P <0.001), by 21 min/day in 15-year-old boys (95% CI: 8, 34; P = 0.002) and by 22 min/day in 15-year-old girls (95% CI: 10, 35; P <0.001), but not in 9-year-old girls at 6 min/day (95% CI: -3, 16; P = 0.191). All age-sex groups accumulated less ST in bouts lasting <5 min and more ST in longer bouts, particularly in 5–15-min bouts. Adolescent girls also increased ST accumulation in 15–30-min and ≥30-min bouts. Changes were largely mirrored before, during and after school on weekdays and during weekend days. Conclusions Coinciding with the introduction of smartphones, tablets and near-universal internet access, total daily ST and ST accumulated in prolonged sedentary bouts increased between 2005 and 2018 in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bjørge H Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - May Grydeland
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jakob Tarp
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Jones PR, Rajalahti T, Resaland GK, Aadland E, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Bathen TF, Andreassen T, Kvalheim OM, Ekelund U. Associations of lipoprotein particle profile and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in schoolchildren: a prospective cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:5. [PMID: 35062967 PMCID: PMC8781389 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Our understanding of the mechanisms through which physical activity might benefit lipoprotein metabolism is inadequate. Here we characterise the continuous associations between physical activity of different intensities, sedentary time, and a comprehensive lipoprotein particle profile.
Methods
Our cohort included 762 fifth grade (mean [SD] age = 10.0 [0.3] y) Norwegian schoolchildren (49.6% girls) measured on two separate occasions across one school year. We used targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to produce 57 lipoprotein measures from fasted blood serum samples. The children wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days to record time spent in light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity physical activity, and sedentary time. We used separate multivariable linear regression models to analyse associations between the device-measured activity variables—modelled both prospectively (baseline value) and as change scores (follow-up minus baseline value)—and each lipoprotein measure at follow-up.
Results
Higher baseline levels of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity were associated with a favourable lipoprotein particle profile at follow-up. The strongest associations were with the larger subclasses of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Sedentary time was associated with an unfavourable lipoprotein particle profile, the pattern of associations being the inverse of those in the moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity analyses. The associations with light-intensity physical activity were more modest; those of the change models were weak.
Conclusion
We provide evidence of a prospective association between time spent active or sedentary and lipoprotein metabolism in schoolchildren. Change in activity levels across the school year is of limited influence in our young, healthy cohort.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, #NCT02132494. Registered 7th April 2014
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Bratteteig M, Anderssen SA, Rueegg CS, Ruud E, Torsvik IK, Kriemler S, Grydeland M. Device-measured physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk in adolescent childhood cancer survivors. A physical activity in childhood cancer survivors (PACCS) study. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:977365. [PMID: 36090557 PMCID: PMC9453306 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.977365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in childhood cancer survivors (CCS) with age- and sex-stratified reference material and examine the association between physical activity (PA) intensities and CVD risk factors in CCS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Within the cross-sectional, multicenter Physical Activity in Childhood Cancer Survivors (PACCS) study, we collected data on CVD risk factors [VO2-peak (mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg), and total-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol (Total/HDL)] among CCS aged 9-18 years. CVD risk factors were compared to references with immediate t-tests. We transformed CVD risk factors into z-scores based on international references and generated an individual CVD risk score: [inverse ZVO2-peak + Z BMI + Z SBP + Z Total/HDL )/4]. Multivariable mixed linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between device-measured PA intensities and CVD risk factors. RESULTS We included 157 CCS aged on average 13.4 years at inclusion and 8.2 years from diagnosis. Male CCS had lower VO2-peak compared to references (45.4 vs. 49.4 mL⋅kg-1⋅min-1, P = 0.001), higher diastolic BP (67 vs. 63 mmHg, P < 0.001), lower HDL (1.35 vs. 1.44 mmol/L, P = 0.012), as well as a tendency to higher CVD risk score (z-score=0.14 vs. 0.00, P = .075). Female CCS' CVD risk factors were comparable to references. Vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) was associated with CVD risk factors. A 10-min increase in VPA was associated with higher VO2-peak (β = 4.9, 95% CI, 2.1-7.7), lower Total/HDL (β = -0.3, 95% CI, -0.6 to -0.1) and a lower CVD risk score (β = -0.4, 95% CI, -0.6 to -0.2). CONCLUSION Male adolescent CCS had less favorable values of CVD risk factors compared to references. VPA in adolescent CCS is associated with clinically meaningful favorable values of CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Bratteteig
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Corina Silvia Rueegg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Ruud
- Division for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - May Grydeland
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Rajalahti T, Aadland E, Resaland GK, Anderssen SA, Kvalheim OM. Influence of adiposity and physical activity on the cardiometabolic association pattern of lipoprotein subclasses to aerobic fitness in prepubertal children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259901. [PMID: 34793516 PMCID: PMC8601570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic fitness (AF) and lipoprotein subclasses associate to each other and to cardiovascular health. Adiposity and physical activity (PA) influence the association pattern of AF to lipoproteins almost inversely making it difficult to assess their independent and joint influence on the association pattern. This study, including 841 children (50% boys) 10.2 ± 0.3 years old with BMI 18.0 ± 3.0 kg/m2 from rural Western Norway, aimed at examining the association pattern of AF to the lipoprotein subclasses and to estimate the independent and joint influence of PA and adiposity on this pattern. We used multivariate analysis to determine the association pattern of a profile of 26 lipoprotein features to AF with and without adjustment for three measures of adiposity and a high-resolution PA descriptor of 23 intensity intervals derived from accelerometry. For data not adjusted for adiposity or PA, we observed a cardioprotective lipoprotein pattern associating to AF. This pattern withstood adjustment for PA, but the strength of association to AF was reduced by 58%, while adjustment for adiposity weakened the association of AF to the lipoproteins by 85% and with strongest changes in the associations to a cardioprotective high-density lipoprotein subclass pattern. When adjusted for both adiposity and PA, the cardioprotective lipoprotein pattern still associated to AF, but the strength of association was reduced by 90%. Our results imply that the (negative) influence of adiposity on the cardioprotective association pattern of lipoproteins to AF is considerably stronger than the (positive) contribution of PA to this pattern. However, our analysis shows that PA contributes also indirectly through a strong inverse association to adiposity. The trial was registered 7 May, 2014 in clinicaltrials.gov with trial reg. no.: NCT02132494 and the URL is https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT02132494&cntry=NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Rajalahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Førde Health Trust, Førde, Norway
- Red Cross Haugland Rehabilitation Centre, Flekke, Norway
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Faculty of Education, Center for Physical Active Learning, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Barth Vedøy I, Skulberg KR, Anderssen SA, Fagerland MW, Tjomsland HE, Thurston M. The longitudinal association between objectively measured physical activity and mental health among Norwegian adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:149. [PMID: 34784906 PMCID: PMC8594230 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mental health among young people in many countries, including Norway, seems to be deteriorating. Physical activity (PA) has been positively associated with mental health. However, methodological issues related to study design and measurement of PA and mental health outcomes currently limits our understanding of the relationship. The purpose of the present study is to explore the prospective relationship between objectively measured PA and mental health outcomes. More specifically, volume (total PA), intensity (moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) and sedentary behaviour (SED) were explored in relation to mental health problems (MHP) and mental wellbeing (MWB). Methods Data from 599 adolescents (54.4% female, mean age at baseline ±SD 13.3 ± 0.3 years) were collected annually during their 3 years (T1, T2 and T3) at lower secondary school. PA was measured using accelerometry. MWB was measured using the ‘Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale’ and MHP by the ‘Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire’. Multiple linear regression was performed to explore relationships between changes in PA/SED (between T1-T3) and MWB/MHP (at T3). The term ‘movement categories’ was used to refer to components on the movement continuum and includes volume (total PA), intensity (MVPA) and SED. Results Among boys, any increase in SED was positively associated with MWB (β = 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10), whereas a small positive association between an increase in total PA (volume) and MWB was found among girls (β = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.05 to 2.21). There were no associations between changes in any movement categories [total PA (volume), MVPA, SED] and score on MHP at T3, neither for girls nor boys. Conclusion This study provided no clear evidence of any association between change in volume or intensity of PA and MHP among an overall healthy adolescent study sample. There was, however, evidence of a relationship between increased SED and MWB among boys and increased volume of PA and MWB among girls. The relationship between movement categories and mental health may depend on the measurement used to assess both PA/SED and variables of mental health. Future research would be strengthened by researchers clarifying what construct of mental health is being used and measured. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12966-021-01211-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Barth Vedøy
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Postboks 400, 2418, Elverum, Norway. .,The Norwegian school of Sport Sciences, Postboks 4014 Ullevål stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | - Morten Wang Fagerland
- The Norwegian school of Sport Sciences, Postboks 4014 Ullevål stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Miranda Thurston
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Postboks 400, 2418, Elverum, Norway
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Jones PR, Rajalahti T, Resaland GK, Aadland E, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Bathen TF, Andreassen T, Kvalheim OM, Ekelund U. 1 Prospective associations of aerobic fitness and lipoprotein subclasses in a cohort of norwegian schoolchildren: the active smarter kids (ASK) study. Br J Sports Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm-2021-basemabs.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimAerobic fitness is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Associations with traditional measures of lipid metabolism are uncertain. We investigated whether higher levels of fitness benefit lipid metabolism by exploring cross-sectional and prospective associations between aerobic fitness and a comprehensive lipoprotein profile.MethodsWe used targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to profile 29 measures of lipoprotein metabolism for 811 fifth-grade Norwegian schoolchildren (50.1% girls; mean age 10.2 years). Serum samples were taken on two occasions across the academic year. Aerobic fitness was measured at baseline using the Andersen aerobic fitness test. We used multiple linear regression adjusted for potential confounders to examine both cross-sectional and prospective — adjusted for baseline lipoprotein measure — associations between aerobic fitness and lipoprotein profiles.ResultsHigher levels of aerobic fitness were associated with all measures of lipoprotein metabolism in the cross-sectional analysis. There were inverse associations with the apolipoprotein B-containing (apo B) lipoprotein subclasses, including cholesterol and triglyceride concentration. The associations between aerobic fitness and the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles were divergent between larger and smaller subclasses. In the prospective analysis, the inverse associations between aerobic fitness and the measures of larger apo B-containing lipoprotein subclasses persisted as did all but one of the associations with triglyceride concentrations. Additional adjustment for adiposity attenuated most associations in both cross-sectional and prospective models, but an independent effect of fitness remained for certain measures.ConclusionsHigher levels of aerobic fitness are associated with a favourable lipoprotein profile, partly independent of adiposity. Associations tended to be stronger and more consistent over time for the larger apo B-containing lipoprotein measures and those of triglyceride concentration. Our results suggest that improving children’s fitness levels should have beneficial effects on lipoprotein metabolism, though a concomitant reduction in adiposity would likely be more effective.ReferencesAnderssen SA, Cooper AR, Riddoch C, Sardinha LB, Harro M, Brage S, et al. Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor for clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children independent of country, age and sex. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007.Mintjens S, Menting MD, Daams JG, van Poppel MNM, Roseboom TJ, Gemke RJBJ. Cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood and adolescence affects future cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Sports Med 2018 Nov 1;48(11):2577–605.
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Solberg RB, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Ekelund U, Säfvenbom R, Haugen T, Berntsen S, Åvitsland A, Lerum Ø, Resaland GK, Kolle E. Effects of a school-based physical activity intervention on academic performance in 14-year old adolescents: a cluster randomized controlled trial - the School in Motion study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:871. [PMID: 33957895 PMCID: PMC8101111 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10901-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-based physical activity interventions evaluating the effect on academic performance usually includes children. We aimed to investigate the effect of a nine-month, school-based physical activity intervention titled School in Motion (ScIM) on academic performance in adolescents. METHODS Thirty secondary schools in Norway were cluster-randomized into three groups: the Physically active learning (PAL) group (n = 10), the Don't worry - Be Happy (DWBH) group (n = 10) or control (n = 10). Target dose in both intervention groups was 120 min/week of additional PA during school hours. Parental consent was obtained from 2084 adolescent students (76%). Standardized national tests in reading and numeracy was conducted at baseline and at the end of the intervention. We used linear mixed model to test intervention effects. We found significant intervention effects in numeracy and reading among students in both interventions when compared with controls. RESULTS The mean difference in change in numeracy was 1.7 (95% CI: 0.9 to 2.5; Cohen's d = 0.12) and 2.0 (95% CI: 1.4 to 2.7; Cohen's d = 0.23) points in favour of students in the PAL and DWBH intervention, respectively. Similar results were found for reading, where the mean difference in change was 0.9 (95% CI 0.2 to 1.6; Cohen's d = 0.06) and 1.1 (95% CI 0.3 to 1.9; Cohen's d = 0.18) points in favour of students in the PAL and DWBH intervention, respectively. When conducting intention to treat analysis with imputed data the estimates were attenuated and some no longer significant. CONCLUSION The ScIM study demonstrates that two different school-based PA interventions providing approximately 120 min of additional PA weekly over nine months, significantly improved numeracy and reading performance in 14-year old students compared with controls. However, the results should be interpreted with caution as the effect sizes reported were very small or small and the estimates were attenuated when conducting intention to treat analysis. Despite this, our results are still positive and suggest that PA interventions are viable models to increase academic performance among adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered (25/01/2019): NCT03817047 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Runar Barstad Solberg
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jostein Steene-Johannessen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Reidar Säfvenbom
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tommy Haugen
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, PB 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sveinung Berntsen
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, PB 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Andreas Åvitsland
- Department of Education and Sport Science, University of Stavanger, Pb 8600 Forus, 4036, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Øystein Lerum
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, 6856, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
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Dalene KE, Tarp J, Selmer RM, Ariansen IKH, Nystad W, Coenen P, Anderssen SA, Steene-Johannessen J, Ekelund U. Occupational physical activity and longevity in working men and women in Norway: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Public Health 2021; 6:e386-e395. [PMID: 33932334 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(21)00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that high occupational physical activity increases mortality risk. However, it is unclear whether this association is causal or can be explained by a complex network of socioeconomic and behavioural factors. We aimed to examine the association between occupational physical activity and longevity, taking a complex network of confounding variables into account. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, we linked data from Norwegian population-based health examination surveys, covering all parts of Norway with data from the National Population and Housing Censuses and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. 437 378 participants (aged 18-65 years; 48·7% men) self-reported occupational physical activity (mutually exclusive groups: sedentary, walking, walking and lifting, and heavy labour) and were followed up from study entry (between February, 1974, and November, 2002) to death or end of follow-up on Dec 31, 2018, whichever came first. We estimated differences in survival time (death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer) between occupational physical activity categories using flexible parametric survival models adjusted for confounding factors. FINDINGS During a median of 28 years (IQR 25-31) from study entry to the end of follow-up, 74 203 (17·0%) of the participants died (all-cause mortality), of which 20 111 (27·1%) of the deaths were due to cardiovascular disease and 29 886 (40·3%) were due to cancer. Crude modelling indicated shorter mean survival times among men in physically active occupations than in those with sedentary occupations. However, this finding was reversed following adjustment for confounding factors (birth cohort, education, income, ethnicity, prevalent cardiovascular disease, smoking, leisure-time physical activity, body-mass index), with estimates suggesting that men in occupations characterised by walking, walking and lifting, and heavy labour had life expectancies equivalent to 0·4 (95% CI -0·1 to 1·0), 0·8 (0·3 to 1·3), and 1·7 (1·2 to 2·3) years longer, respectively, than men in the sedentary referent category. Results for mortality from cardiovascular disease and cancer showed a similar pattern. No clear differences in survival times were observed between occupational physical activity groups in women. INTERPRETATION Our results suggest that moderate to high occupational physical activity contributes to longevity in men. However, occupational physical activity does not seem to affect longevity in women. These results might inform future physical activity guidelines for public health. FUNDING The Norwegian Research Council (grant number 249932/F20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Tarp
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Randi Marie Selmer
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Wenche Nystad
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pieter Coenen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Kolle E, Hansen BH, Bratteteig M, Dalhaug EM, Andersen LB, Nystad W, Ekelund U, Dalene KE. Temporal trends in physical activity levels across more than a decade - a national physical activity surveillance system among Norwegian children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:55. [PMID: 33902618 PMCID: PMC8074468 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a scarcity of device measured data on temporal changes in physical activity (PA) in large population-based samples. The purpose of this study is to describe gender and age-group specific temporal trends in device measured PA between 2005, 2011 and 2018 by comparing three nationally representative samples of children and adolescents. METHODS Norwegian children and adolescents (6, 9 and 15-year-olds) were invited to participate in 2005 (only 9- and 15-year-olds), 2011 and 2018 through cluster sampling (schools primary sampling units). A combined sample of 9500 individuals participated. Physical activity was assessed by hip worn accelerometers, with PA indices including overall PA (counts per minute), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), and PA guideline adherence (achieving on average ≥ 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA). Random-effects linear regressions and logistic regressions adjusted for school-level clusters were used to analyse temporal trends. FINDINGS In total, 8186 of the participating children and adolescents provided valid PA data. Proportions of sufficiently active 6-year-olds were almost identical in 2011 and 2018; boys 95% (95% CI: 92, 97) and 94% (95%CI: 92, 96) and girls 86% (95% CI: 83, 90) and 86% (95% CI: 82, 90). Proportions of sufficiently active 15-year-olds in 2005 and 2018 were 52% (95% CI: 46, 59) and 55% (95% CI: 48, 62) in boys, and 48% (95% CI: 42, 55) and 44% (95% CI: 37, 51) in girls, respectively, resulting from small differences in min/day of MVPA. Among 9-year-old boys and girls, proportions of sufficiently active declined between 2005 and 2018, from 90% (95% CI: 87, 93) to 84% (95% CI: 80, 87)) and 74% (95% CI: 69, 79) to 68% (95% CI: 64, 72), respectively. This resulted from 9.7 min/day less MVPA in boys (95% CI: - 14.8, - 4.7; p < 0.001) and 3.2 min/day less MVPA (95% CI: - 7.0, 0.7; p = 0.106) in girls. CONCLUSIONS PA levels have been fairly stable between 2005, 2011 and 2018 in Norwegian youth. However, the declining PA level among 9-year-old boys and the low proportion of 15-year-olds sufficiently active is concerning. To evaluate the effect of, and plan for new, PA promoting strategies, it is important to ensure more frequent, systematic, device-based monitoring of population-levels of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostein Steene-Johannessen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørge Herman Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Bratteteig
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Emilie Mass Dalhaug
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
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Skrede T, Aadland E, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Ekelund U. Bi-directional prospective associations between sedentary time, physical activity and adiposity in 10-year old Norwegian children. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1772-1779. [PMID: 34283009 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1898114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an adverse cross-sectional association between sedentary time, physical activity (PA) and adiposity, but weak and inconsistent estimates raise question to the direction of associations. The present study aims to examine whether the prospective association between sedentary time, different PA intensities and indicators of adiposity is bi-directional. The Active Smarter Kids Study obtained data from 869 ten-year-old children with valid measurements for sedentary time, PA, and adiposity at baseline and follow-up. Time spent sedentary and PA was measured by accelerometry, adiposity was assessed by three different measures: body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and sum of four skinfolds (S4SF). Neither overall PA nor time spent sedentary predicted lower BMI or WC at follow-up, but the time spent in moderate-and-vigorous PA (MVPA) and vigorous PA (VPA) predicted lower S4SF at follow-up among boys (MVPA β - 0.066 [95% CI -0.105, -0.027] p = 0.001). Baseline BMI and WC predicted less overall PA, MVPA and VPA in boys. All adiposity measures predicted more time spent sedentary at follow-up in boys. The results suggest that overall PA and sedentary time do not predict future adiposity. Baseline adiposity may rather predict more sedentary time and less higher intensity activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turid Skrede
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Center for Physically Active Learning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Jones PR, Rajalahti T, Resaland GK, Aadland E, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Bathen TF, Andreassen T, Kvalheim OM, Ekelund U. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between aerobic fitness and lipoprotein particle profile in a cohort of Norwegian schoolchildren. Atherosclerosis 2021; 321:21-29. [PMID: 33601268 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The associations between aerobic fitness and traditional measures of lipid metabolism in children are uncertain. We investigated whether higher levels of aerobic fitness benefit lipoprotein metabolism by exploring associations with a comprehensive lipoprotein particle profile. METHODS In our prospective cohort study, we used targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to profile 57 measures of lipoprotein metabolism from fasting serum samples of 858 fifth-grade Norwegian schoolchildren (49.0% girls; mean age 10.0 years). Aerobic fitness was measured using an intermittent shuttle run aerobic fitness test. We used multiple linear regression adjusted for potential confounders to examine cross-sectional and prospective associations between aerobic fitness and lipoprotein particle profile. RESULTS Higher levels of aerobic fitness were associated with a favourable lipoprotein particle profile in the cross-sectional analysis, which included inverse associations with all measures of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles (e.g., -0.06 mmol·L-1 or -0.23 SD units; 95% CI = -0.31, -0.16 for VLDL cholesterol concentration). In the prospective analysis, the favourable pattern of associations persisted, though the individual associations tended to be more consistent with those of the cross-sectional analysis for the VLDL subclass measures compared to the low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins. Adjustment for adiposity attenuated the associations in both cross-sectional and prospective models. Nevertheless, an independent effect of aerobic fitness remained for some measures. CONCLUSIONS Improving children's aerobic fitness levels should benefit lipoprotein metabolism, though a concomitant reduction in adiposity would likely potentiate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Remy Jones
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tarja Rajalahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Førde Health Trust, Førde, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Førde Health Trust, Førde, Norway; Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trygve Andreassen
- MR Core Facility, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Barth Vedøy I, Skulberg KR, Anderssen SA, Tjomsland HE, Thurston M. Physical activity and academic achievement among Norwegian adolescents: Findings from a longitudinal study. Prev Med Rep 2021; 21:101312. [PMID: 33537183 PMCID: PMC7841350 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A longitudinal study of youth explored physical activity and academic achievement. Physical activity was assessed by accelerometry and academic achievement by school grades. Mediation through changes in waist circumference and sleep duration were explored. Changes in physical activity were not associated with changes in academic achievement. There was no mediation via changes in waist circumference or sleep duration.
Regular physical activity (PA) has been associated with academic achievement, but the evidence is mainly based on cross-sectional research and self-reported measures of PA. The purpose of the current study was to explore the longitudinal relationship between objectively measured PA and academic achievement among a cohort of adolescents in Norway between 2016 and 2018. As a secondary aim, an indirect relationship via waist circumference (WC) and sleep duration was assessed. Data from 599 adolescents (54.4% female, mean age at baseline ± SD 13.3 ± 0.3 years) were collected annually during their three years at lower secondary school. PA was measured objectively using accelerometry. Academic achievement was assessed using grade point average (GPA) from school records. Linear regression analysis was performed to explore associations between longitudinal changes in measures of PA (Total PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA [MVPA]) and academic achievement directly or via mediators. Results showed no significant associations between Total PA or MVPA and academic achievement, either in the main analyses or through mediation of WC and sleep duration. The results contribute to a growing evidence base of studies showing no association between objectively measured PA and academic achievement among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingeborg Barth Vedøy
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Postboks 400, 2418 Elverum, Norway.,The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Postboks 4014 Ullevål stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | | - Miranda Thurston
- Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Postboks 400, 2418 Elverum, Norway
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Husøy A, Dalene KE, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Ekelund U, Tarp J. Effect modification by cardiorespiratory fitness on the association between physical activity and cardiometabolic health in youth: A systematic review. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:845-853. [PMID: 33225807 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1847919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are inversely associated with markers of cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents, but the interplay between these variables in relation to the cardiometabolic risk profile is unclear. We systematically reviewed the literature to examine whether the association between physical activity and cardiometabolic health differs by levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in youth. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and EMBASE, filtered from 2001 up until July 2019. We obtained 8980 citations, with 6915 remaining after removal of duplicates. Estimates were retrieved from 18 studies. All included articles went through a risk of bias assessment. We found that 14 out of 20 (70%) effect-estimates supported stronger associations between physical activity and cardiometabolic health markers among low-fit youth as compared to their high-fit peers. The most consistent findings were observed with biochemical markers and blood pressure as outcomes. However, substantial uncertainty is associated with these findings as most of the included studies (~72%) had a high risk of bias. More than two-thirds of the findings supported greatest benefits of physical activity on cardiometabolic risk markers in youth with low cardiorespiratory fitness, although the clinical importance of this difference is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Husøy
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jakob Tarp
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Aadland E, Tjomsland HE, Johannessen K, Nilsen AKO, Resaland GK, Glosvik Ø, Lykkebø O, Stokke R, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Pfeiffer KA, Tomporowski PD, Størksen I, Bartholomew JB, Ommundsen Y, Howard SJ, Okely AD, Aadland KN. Active Learning Norwegian Preschool(er)s (ACTNOW) - Design of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Staff Professional Development to Promote Physical Activity, Motor Skills, and Cognition in Preschoolers. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1382. [PMID: 32719636 PMCID: PMC7350704 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a dearth of high-quality evidence on effective, sustainable, and scalable interventions to increase physical activity (PA) and concomitant outcomes in preschoolers. Specifically, there is a need to better understand how the preschool context can be used to increase various types of physically active play to promote holistic child development. The implementation of such interventions requires highly competent preschool staffs, however, the competence in promoting PA is often low. The main aim of the ACTNOW study is therefore to investigate the effects of professional development for preschool staffs on child PA and developmental outcomes. METHODS The study will be conducted in Norway 2019-2022 and is designed as a two-arm (intervention, control) cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 7- and 18-months follow-ups. We aim to recruit 60 preschools and 1,200 3- to 5-years-old children to provide sufficient power to detect effect sizes (ESs) between 0.20 and 0.30. The intervention is nested within two levels: the preschool and the child. Central to the ACTNOW intervention are opportunities for children to engage in a variety of "enriched," meaningful, and enjoyable physically active play that supports the development of the whole child. To this end, the main intervention is a 7-month professional development/education module for preschool staff, aimed to provide them with the necessary capacity to deliver four core PA components to the children (moderate-to-vigorous PA, motor-challenging PA, cognitively engaging play, and physically active learning). We will include a range of child-level outcomes, including PA, physical fitness, adiposity, motor skills, socioemotional health, self-regulation, executive function, and learning. At the preschool level, we will describe implementation and adaptation processes using quantitative and qualitative data. DISCUSSION Professional development of staff and a whole-child approach that integrates PA with cognitively engaging play and learning activities in the preschool setting may provide a feasible vehicle to enhance both physical and cognitive development in young children. ACTNOW is designed to test this hypothesis to provide a sustainable way to build human capital and provide an early solution to lifelong public health and developmental challenges. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION www.ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04048967.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Hege Eikeland Tjomsland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Kjersti Johannessen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Ada Kristine Ofrim Nilsen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Øyvind Glosvik
- Department of Pedagogy, Religion and Social Studies, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Osvald Lykkebø
- Department of Strategic Initiatives, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Rasmus Stokke
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin Allor Pfeiffer
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | | | - Ingunn Størksen
- Norwegian Centre for Learning Environment and Behavioural Research in Education, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - John B. Bartholomew
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Yngvar Ommundsen
- Department of Coaching and Psychology, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Steven James Howard
- Early Start and School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start and School of Education, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Katrine Nyvoll Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
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21
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Hansen BH, Dalene KE, Ekelund U, Wang Fagerland M, Kolle E, Steene-Johannessen J, Tarp J, Alfred Anderssen S. Step by step: Association of device-measured daily steps with all-cause mortality-A prospective cohort Study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1705-1711. [PMID: 32427398 PMCID: PMC7496562 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Walking is free, does not require special training, and can be done almost everywhere. Therefore, walking is a feasible behavior on which to tailor public health messages. This study assesses the prospective association and dose‐response relationship between daily steps and all‐cause mortality. Materials and Methods Daily steps were measured by waist‐mounted accelerometers in 2183 individuals (53% women) for seven consecutive days at baseline (2008‐09). Participants were followed for a median period of 9.1 years and associations between steps and all‐cause mortality determined by registry linkage were assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression with adjustment for relevant covariates. Results Mean age was 57.0 (SD 10.9) years at baseline. Median (IQR) daily steps across ascending quartiles were 4651 (3495‐5325), 6862 (6388‐7350), 8670 (8215‐9186), and 11 467 (10 556‐13 110), respectively. During follow‐up, 119 individuals died (68% men). Higher number of daily steps was associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality with hazard ratios of 1.00 (referent), 0.52 (0.29‐0.93), 0.50 (0.27‐0.94), and 0.43 (0.21‐0.88) across ascending quartiles of daily steps in the multivariable‐adjusted model with follow‐up commencing 2 years after baseline. Risk differences per 1000 individuals for ascending quartiles were 6.8 (2.9‐9.3), 7.1 (0.8‐11.1), and 8.0 (1.7‐12.1), respectively. Conclusions Daily steps were associated with lower mortality risk in a non‐linear dose‐response pattern. The risk is almost halved when comparing the least active referent against the second quartile equivalent to a difference of about 2200 daily steps. Encouraging those least active to increase their daily steps may have substantial public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørge Herman Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Jakob Tarp
- Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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22
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Bernhardsen GP, Stensrud T, Hansen BH, Steene-Johannesen J, Kolle E, Nystad W, Anderssen SA, Hallal PC, Janz KF, Kriemler S, Andersen LB, Northstone K, Resaland GK, Sardinha LB, van Sluijs EMF, Ried-Larsen M, Ekelund U. Birth weight, cardiometabolic risk factors and effect modification of physical activity in children and adolescents: pooled data from 12 international studies. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:2052-2063. [PMID: 32494037 PMCID: PMC7508671 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-0612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Low and high birth weight is associated with higher levels of cardiometabolic risk factors and adiposity in children and adolescents, and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and early mortality later in life. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk factors and may mitigate the detrimental consequences of high or low birth weight. Thus, we examined whether MVPA modified the associations between birth weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. Methods We used pooled individual data from 12 cohort- or cross-sectional studies including 9,100 children and adolescents. Birth weight was measured at birth or maternally reported retrospectively. Device-measured physical activity (PA) and cardiometabolic risk factors were measured in childhood or adolescence. We tested for associations between birth weight, MVPA, and cardiometabolic risk factors using multilevel linear regression, including study as a random factor. We tested for interaction between birth weight and MVPA by introducing the interaction term in the models (birth weight x MVPA). Results Most of the associations between birth weight (kg) and cardiometabolic risk factors were not modified by MVPA (min/day), except between birth weight and waist circumference (cm) in children (p = 0.005) and HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) in adolescents (p = 0.040). Sensitivity analyses suggested that some of the associations were modified by VPA, i.e., the associations between birth weight and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) in children (p = 0.009) and LDL- cholesterol (mmol/l) (p = 0.009) and triglycerides (mmol/l) in adolescents (p = 0.028). Conclusion MVPA appears not to consistently modify the associations between low birth weight and cardiometabolic risk. In contrast, MVPA may mitigate the association between higher birth weight and higher waist circumference in children. MVPA is consistently associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk across the birth weight spectrum. Optimal prenatal growth and subsequent PA are both important in relation to cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trine Stensrud
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørge Herman Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wenche Nystad
- Chronic Diseases and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Kathleen F Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) & MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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23
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Aadland E, Nilsen AKO, Ylvisåker E, Johannessen K, Anderssen SA. Reproducibility of objectively measured physical activity: Reconsideration needed. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1132-1139. [PMID: 32202469 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1743054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Reliability of accelerometer-determined physical activity (PA), and thus the required length of a monitoring period, appears to depend on the analytic approach used for its calculation. We compared reliability of objectively measured PA using different resolution of data in a sample of 221 Norwegian 2-6-year-old children providing 2-3 valid 14-day periods of accelerometer monitoring (ActiGraph GT3X+) during September-October, January-February, and May-June 2015-2016. Reliability (intra-class correlation [ICC]) was measured for 1-14 days of monitoring across the measurement periods using linear mixed effect modelling. These results were compared to reliability estimated using different resolution of data using the Spearman-Brown formula. The measured reliability improved only marginally with increased monitoring length and levelled off after 5-6 days. Estimated reliability differed substantially when derived from different resolution of data: 3.9-5.4, 6.7-9.2, 13.4-26.7 and 26.3-87.7 days of monitoring was required to achieve an ICC = 0.80 using an hour-by-hour, a day-by-day, a week-by-week and a period-by-period approach, respectively. Reliability could not be correctly estimated from any single resolution of data. We conclude that reconsideration is needed with regard to how reproducibility of objectively measured PA is analysed and interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences , Sogndal, Norway
| | - Ada Kristine Ofrim Nilsen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences , Sogndal, Norway
| | - Einar Ylvisåker
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences , Sogndal, Norway
| | - Kjersti Johannessen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences , Sogndal, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences , Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences , Oslo, Norway
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24
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Steene-Johannessen J, Hansen BH, Dalene KE, Kolle E, Northstone K, Møller NC, Grøntved A, Wedderkopp N, Kriemler S, Page AS, Puder JJ, Reilly JJ, Sardinha LB, van Sluijs EMF, Andersen LB, van der Ploeg H, Ahrens W, Flexeder C, Standl M, Shculz H, Moreno LA, De Henauw S, Michels N, Cardon G, Ortega FB, Ruiz J, Aznar S, Fogelholm M, Decelis A, Olesen LG, Hjorth MF, Santos R, Vale S, Christiansen LB, Jago R, Basterfield L, Owen CG, Nightingale CM, Eiben G, Polito A, Lauria F, Vanhelst J, Hadjigeorgiou C, Konstabel K, Molnár D, Sprengeler O, Manios Y, Harro J, Kafatos A, Anderssen SA, Ekelund U. Variations in accelerometry measured physical activity and sedentary time across Europe - harmonized analyses of 47,497 children and adolescents. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:38. [PMID: 32183834 PMCID: PMC7079516 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00930-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Levels of physical activity and variation in physical activity and sedentary time by place and person in European children and adolescents are largely unknown. The objective of the study was to assess the variations in objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in children and adolescents across Europe. Methods Six databases were systematically searched to identify pan-European and national data sets on physical activity and sedentary time assessed by the same accelerometer in children (2 to 9.9 years) and adolescents (≥10 to 18 years). We harmonized individual-level data by reprocessing hip-worn raw accelerometer data files from 30 different studies conducted between 1997 and 2014, representing 47,497 individuals (2–18 years) from 18 different European countries. Results Overall, a maximum of 29% (95% CI: 25, 33) of children and 29% (95% CI: 25, 32) of adolescents were categorized as sufficiently physically active. We observed substantial country- and region-specific differences in physical activity and sedentary time, with lower physical activity levels and prevalence estimates in Southern European countries. Boys were more active and less sedentary in all age-categories. The onset of age-related lowering or leveling-off of physical activity and increase in sedentary time seems to become apparent at around 6 to 7 years of age. Conclusions Two third of European children and adolescents are not sufficiently active. Our findings suggest substantial gender-, country- and region-specific differences in physical activity. These results should encourage policymakers, governments, and local and national stakeholders to take action to facilitate an increase in the physical activity levels of young people across Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jostein Steene-Johannessen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørge Herman Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kate Northstone
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - Niels Christian Møller
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders Grøntved
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistcs and Prevention Institute, University Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Angie S Page
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Obstetric service, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John J Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Portugal, Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculty of Human Kinetics, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) & MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Hidde van der Ploeg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Claudia Flexeder
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Holger Shculz
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD research group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Insituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Michels
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Jonatan Ruiz
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Susana Aznar
- PAFS Research group, Faculty of Sports Sciences, UCLM, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew Decelis
- Institute for Physical Education and Sport, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Line Grønholt Olesen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mads Fiil Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Unit for obesity research Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rute Santos
- Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Vale
- Department of Sport Science, High School of Education, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Lars Breum Christiansen
- Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology and Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Russ Jago
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Laura Basterfield
- Institute of Health & Society and Human Nutrition Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher G Owen
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Claire M Nightingale
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Gabriele Eiben
- Department of Biomedicine and Public Health, School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Angela Polito
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Lauria
- National Research Council, Institute of Food Sciences, Avellino, Italy
| | - Jeremy Vanhelst
- Inserm, CHU Lille,U995 - LIRIC - Lille Inflammation Research International Center, CIC 1403 - Clinical Investigation Centre, University of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Kenn Konstabel
- National Institute for Health Development, Tervise Arengu Instituut, Tallin, Estonia
| | - Dénes Molnár
- University of Pecs, Medical Faculty, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ole Sprengeler
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Department of Psychology, Estonian Centre of Behavioural and Health Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PO Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Tarp J, Hansen BH, Fagerland MW, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Ekelund U. Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time in a cohort of US adults followed for up to 13 years: the influence of removing early follow-up on associations with mortality. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:39. [PMID: 32169059 PMCID: PMC7071621 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies linking physical activity with mortality are susceptible to reverse causation bias from undiagnosed and prevalent diseases. Researchers often attempt to deal with reverse causation bias by excluding deaths occurring within the first 1 or 2 years from the analysis, but it is unclear if excluding deaths within this time-frame is sufficient to remove bias. Methods We examined associations between total and intensity-specific physical activity and sedentary time with all-cause mortality in a prospective cohort of 3542 individuals from the 2003–2006 NHANES cycles. In order to yield measures of association hypothesized as minimally influenced by reverse causation bias the primary analysis excluded individuals with < 5 years of follow-up. Accelerometer-measured physical activity was linked with recently updated vital status from the National Death Index with a median follow-up of 10.8 years. Results Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 0.74 (0.53, 1.04), 0.52 (0.37, 0.73), and 0.61 (0.38, 1.01) for ascending quartiles of total physical activity against the least active reference. Hazard ratios for ascending moderate-to-vigorous physical activity quartiles against the reference were 0.67 (0.47, 1.96), 0.67 (0.47, 0.95), and 0.68 (0.39, 1.18). Associations for light intensity physical activity and sedentary time were smaller in magnitude and all confidence intervals included unity. Total activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity hazard ratios from analyses only excluding deaths within the first 2 years were inflated by 13 and 26% relative to analysis restricted to ≥5 years of follow-up. Conclusions The pattern of associations suggested total physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were associated with lower mortality after more than 10 years of follow-up and excluding the first 5 years of observation time to minimize the impact of reverse causation bias. Excluding deaths within the first 2 years appeared insufficient to minimize the impact of reserve causation bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Tarp
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Bjørge Herman Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Public Health, Sports and Nutrition, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Morten Wang Fagerland
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Sognsveien 220, 0806, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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26
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Nilsen AKO, Anderssen SA, Johannessen K, Aadland KN, Ylvisaaker E, Loftesnes JM, Aadland E. Bi-directional prospective associations between objectively measured physical activity and fundamental motor skills in children: a two-year follow-up. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:1. [PMID: 31898547 PMCID: PMC6941400 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The direction of the longitudinal relationship between physical activity (PA) and fundamental motor skills (FMS) remains unclear. We evaluated the bi-directional, prospective relationships between intensity-specific physical activity (PA) and domain-specific fundamental motor skills (FMS) over 2 years in children attending preschool at baseline. Methods A sample of 230 children (mean age at baseline 4.7 yr, 52% boys) from the 'Sogn og Fjordane Preschool Physical Activity Study' was measured 2 years apart. PA was assessed using ActiGraph accelerometers (GT3X+). FMS were evaluated by a test battery guided by the 'Test of Gross Motor Development 3' and the 'Preschooler Gross Motor Quality Scale'. PA outcomes were total PA (TPA [counts per minute]) and intensity specific PA and sedentary behaviour (SED) (min/day). FMS outcomes were locomotor, object control, and balance skills. Linear mixed model adjusting for potential co-variates was used to evaluate the bi-directional prospective associations between these variables, including the moderating effect of sex and age. Results Baseline total PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and vigorous PA predicted higher locomotor, object control, and balance skills at follow-up (standardized regression coefficient (β): 0.17 to 0.26, p = 0.002–0.017). Baseline SED predicted lower locomotor skills at follow-up (β: − 0.27, p = 0.012). Baseline light PA did not predict FMS at follow-up. Baseline FMS were not associated with PA or SED at follow-up. Conclusions MVPA was positively associated with development of FMS in young children. In contrast, FMS were not related to future PA levels. Our results suggest promotion of MVPA is important for FMS development in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Kristine Ofrim Nilsen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Institute of Sports, Food, and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Post box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway. .,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Post box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Institute of Sports, Food, and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Post box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Post box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Johannessen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Institute of Sports, Food, and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Post box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway
| | - Katrine Nyvoll Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Institute of Sports, Food, and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Post box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway
| | - Einar Ylvisaaker
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Institute of Sports, Food, and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Post box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway
| | - Jan Morten Loftesnes
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Institute of Sports, Food, and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Post box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Institute of Sports, Food, and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Post box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Sogn og Fjordane, Norway
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Aadland E, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Kvalheim OM. Accelerometer epoch setting is decisive for associations between physical activity and metabolic health in children. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:256-263. [PMID: 31735120 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1693320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
When analysing physical activity (PA) levels using accelerometry, the epoch setting is critical to capture intensity-specific PA correctly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the PA intensity signatures related to metabolic health in children using different epoch settings. A sample of 841 Norwegian children (age 10.2 ± 0.3 years; BMI 18.0 ± 3.0; 50% boys) provided data on accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) and several indices of metabolic health (aerobic fitness, abdominal fatness, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, blood pressure) that were used to create a composite metabolic health score. We created intensity spectra from 0-99 to ≥ 10000 counts per minute (cpm) for files aggregated using 1, 10, and 60-second epoch periods and used multivariate pattern analysis to analyse the data. The association patterns with metabolic health differed substantially between epoch settings. The intensity intervals most strongly associated with metabolic health were 7000-8000 cpm for data analysed using 1-second epoch, 5500-6500 cpm for data analysed using 10-second epoch, and 4000-5000 cpm analysed using 60-second epoch. Aggregation of data over different epoch periods has a clear impact on how PA intensities in the moderate and vigorous range are associated with childhood metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
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Lerum Ø, Bartholomew J, McKay H, Resaland GK, Tjomsland HE, Anderssen SA, Leirhaug PE, Moe VF. Active Smarter Teachers: Primary School Teachers’ Perceptions and Maintenance of a School-Based Physical Activity Intervention. Transl J ACSM 2019. [DOI: 10.1249/tjx.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aadland E, Kvalheim OM, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Andersen LB. Multicollinear physical activity accelerometry data and associations to cardiometabolic health: challenges, pitfalls, and potential solutions. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:74. [PMID: 31455305 PMCID: PMC6712694 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The analysis of associations between accelerometer-derived physical activity (PA) intensities and cardiometabolic health is a major challenge due to multicollinearity between the explanatory variables. This challenge has facilitated the application of different analytic approaches within the field. The aim of the present study was to compare association patterns of PA intensities with cardiometabolic health in children obtained from multiple linear regression, compositional data analysis, and multivariate pattern analysis. Methods A sample of 841 children (age 10.2 ± 0.3 years; BMI 18.0 ± 3.0; 50% boys) provided valid accelerometry and cardiometabolic health data. Accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) data were characterized into traditional (four PA intensity variables) and more detailed categories (23 PA intensity variables covering the intensity spectrum; 0–99 to ≥10,000 counts per minute). Several indices of cardiometabolic health were used to create a composite cardiometabolic health score. Multiple linear regression and multivariate pattern analyses were used to analyze both raw and compositional data. Results Besides a consistent negative (favorable) association between vigorous PA and the cardiometabolic health measure using the traditional description of PA data, associations between PA intensities and cardiometabolic health differed substantially depending on the analytic approaches used. Multiple linear regression lead to instable and spurious associations, while compositional data analysis showed distorted association patterns. Multivariate pattern analysis appeared to handle the raw PA data correctly, leading to more plausible interpretations of the associations between PA intensities and cardiometabolic health. Conclusions Future studies should consider multivariate pattern analysis without any transformation of PA data when examining relationships between PA intensity patterns and health outcomes. Trial registration The study was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov 7th of April 2014 with identification number NCT02132494. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-019-0836-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Center for Physically Active Learning, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
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30
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Jones PR, Rajalahti T, Resaland GK, Aadland E, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Bathen TF, Andreassen T, Kvalheim OM, Ekelund U. Associations of physical activity and sedentary time with lipoprotein subclasses in Norwegian schoolchildren: The Active Smarter Kids (ASK) study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 288:186-193. [PMID: 31200940 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Physical activity is favourably associated with certain markers of lipid metabolism. The relationship of physical activity with lipoprotein particle profiles in children is not known. Here we examine cross-sectional associations between objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with serum markers of lipoprotein metabolism. METHODS Our cohort included 880 children (49.0% girls, mean age 10.2 years). Physical activity intensity and time spent sedentary were measured objectively using accelerometers. 30 measures of lipoprotein metabolism were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, sexual maturity and socioeconomic status were used to determine associations of physical activity and sedentary time with lipoprotein measures. Additional models were adjusted for adiposity. Isotemporal substitution models quantified theoretical associations of replacing 30 min of sedentary time with 30 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). RESULTS Time spent in MVPA was associated with a favourable lipoprotein profile independent of sedentary time. There were inverse associations with a number of lipoprotein measures, including most apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein subclasses and triglyceride measures, the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol concentration. There were positive associations with larger HDL subclasses, HDL cholesterol concentration and particle size. Reallocating 30 min of sedentary time to MVPA had broadly similar associations. Sedentary time was only partly and weakly associated with an unfavourable lipoprotein profile. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity of at least moderate-intensity is associated with a favourable lipoprotein profile in schoolchildren, independent of time spent sedentary, adiposity and other confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Remy Jones
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tarja Rajalahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Førde Health Trust, Førde, Norway.
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway; Center for Health Research, Førde Central Hospital, Førde, Norway.
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Trygve Andreassen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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31
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Hansen BH, Anderssen SA, Andersen LB, Hildebrand M, Kolle E, Steene-Johannessen J, Kriemler S, Page AS, Puder JJ, Reilly JJ, Sardinha LB, van Sluijs EMF, Wedderkopp N, Ekelund U. Cross-Sectional Associations of Reallocating Time Between Sedentary and Active Behaviours on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young People: An International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD) Analysis. Sports Med 2019; 48:2401-2412. [PMID: 29626333 PMCID: PMC6132434 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0909-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Sedentary time and time spent in various intensity-specific physical activity are co-dependent, and increasing time spent in one behaviour requires decreased time in another. Objective The aim of the present study was to examine the theoretical associations with reallocating time between categories of intensities and cardiometabolic risk factors in a large and heterogeneous sample of children and adolescents. Methods We analysed pooled data from 13 studies comprising 18,200 children and adolescents aged 4–18 years from the International Children’s Accelerometry Database (ICAD). Waist-mounted accelerometers measured sedentary time, light physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Cardiometabolic risk factors included waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), triglycerides, insulin, and glucose. Associations of reallocating time between the various intensity categories with cardiometabolic risk factors were explored using isotemporal substitution modelling. Results Replacing 10 min of sedentary time with 10 min of MVPA showed favourable associations with WC, SBP, LDL-C, insulin, triglycerides, and glucose; the greatest magnitude was observed for insulin (reduction of 2–4%), WC (reduction of 0.5–1%), and triglycerides (1–2%). In addition, replacing 10 min of sedentary time with an equal amount of LPA showed beneficial associations with WC, although only in adolescents. Conclusions Replacing sedentary time and/or LPA with MVPA in children and adolescents is favourably associated with most markers of cardiometabolic risk. Efforts aimed at replacing sedentary time with active behaviours, particularly those of at least moderate intensity, appear to be an effective strategy to reduce cardiometabolic risk in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørge Herman Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Western Norwegian University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Maria Hildebrand
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angie S Page
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jardena J Puder
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes and Obesity, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John J Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Esther M F van Sluijs
- Centre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR) and MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
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Nilsen AKO, Anderssen SA, Ylvisaaker E, Johannessen K, Aadland E. Physical activity among Norwegian preschoolers varies by sex, age, and season. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2019; 29:862-873. [PMID: 30740779 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge of physical activity (PA) in preschool populations is important for public health promotion. We investigated levels of PA in a large sample of Norwegian preschoolers and explored variations and development in PA by sex, age, and season. METHODS Physical activity levels of 1154 children (mean age 4.7 years, 52% boys) were measured by accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) for 14 consecutive days between autumn 2015 and summer 2016. Additionally, 330 children provided up to 3 repeated measurements of PA across seasons. A linear mixed model was applied to analyze associations and interactions of total PA (cpm), light PA (LPA), moderate PA (MPA), vigorous PA (VPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), sedentary time (SED), sex, age, and season. RESULTS Boys and girls spent mean (standard deviation) 72 (21) and 59 (18) min/d in MVPA and had a total PA of 790 (202) and 714 (192) cpm/d, respectively. Boys had higher PA levels than girls, PA increased with age, and PA was higher during spring/summer than autumn/winter (P < 0.001). Boys had a greater increase in PA by age than girls (P < 0.05), mainly due to increased MVPA during spring/summer (p for sex × age × season=0.009). CONCLUSIONS Boys were consistently more active and less sedentary than girls, and PA increased with age for both sexes. Boys exhibited a greater increase than girls in PA by age, and PA differed across seasons, with higher levels of MVPA during spring/summer. Differences in MVPA between boys and girls, among age groups, and among seasons seem to be interrelated, indicating that many factors influence preschoolers' PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Kristine Ofrim Nilsen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Ylvisaaker
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Kjersti Johannessen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
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33
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Nilsen AKO, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Johannessen K, Ylvisaaker E, Aadland E. Boys, older children, and highly active children benefit most from the preschool arena regarding moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: A cross-sectional study of Norwegian preschoolers. Prev Med Rep 2019; 14:100837. [PMID: 30891396 PMCID: PMC6406623 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The preschool environment exerts an important influence on children's behaviour, including physical activity (PA). However, information is lacking regarding where and when most of children's PA is undertaken. This study aimed to describe PA and sedentary time (SED) during preschool hours and time out-of-care, and on weekdays and weekend days, and to investigate differences in PA patterns according to sex, age, and MVPA levels. From September 2015 to June 2016, we measured PA levels of 1109 children (age range, 2.7-6.5 years; mean age 4.7 years; boys, 52%) using ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers for up to 14 consecutive days. We applied a linear mixed model to analyse associations and interactions between total PA (counts per minute [cpm]), light PA (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), SED, sex, age, and overall MVPA regardless of setting, during preschool hours versus time out-of-care, and on weekdays versus weekend days. Children undertook more PA and less SED on weekdays compared to weekend days (p < 0.01). For boys, MVPA levels were higher during preschool hours than during time out-of-care (p < 0.05). Differences in total PA and MVPA between preschool hours versus time out-of-care, and between weekdays and weekend days, were greater in boys, older children, and highly active children than in girls, younger children, and children with lower overall MVPA levels (p < 0.01). The preschool arena is important for children's PA. Concerning MVPA, this study showed that boys, older children, and highly active children benefit more from this environment compared to girls, younger preschoolers, and children with lower MVPA levels.
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Key Words
- Activity pattern
- CI, confidence interval
- Child care
- Early education
- Health behaviour
- ICC, intraclass correlation
- Kindergarten
- LPA, light physical activity
- MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
- Min, minutes
- Objective monitoring
- PA, physical activity
- SD, standard deviation
- SED, Sedentary behaviour
- SES, Socioeconomic status
- TPA, total physical activity
- Young children
- cpm, counts per minute
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Kristine Ofrim Nilsen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sports, Food, and Natural sciences, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
- Corresponding author at: Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sports, Food, and Natural Sciences, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sports, Food, and Natural sciences, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Center for Physically Active Learning, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway
| | - Kjersti Johannessen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sports, Food, and Natural sciences, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway
| | - Einar Ylvisaaker
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sports, Food, and Natural sciences, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sports, Food, and Natural sciences, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway
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Resaland GK, Aadland E, Andersen JR, Bartholomew JB, Anderssen SA, Moe VF. Physical activity preferences of 10-year-old children and identified activities with positive and negative associations to cardiorespiratory fitness. Acta Paediatr 2019; 108:354-360. [PMID: 29972701 DOI: 10.1111/apa.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated children's physical activity (PA) preferences, as these can aid the design of school-based interventions. METHODS Data were collected in 2014 as a part of the Active Smarter Kids study and 1026 students (52% boys) from 57 Norwegian primary schools completed a questionnaire about their favourite physical activities at a mean age of 10.2 ± 0.3 years. We identified five patterns of PA and studied whether gender, cardiorespiratory fitness and abdominal adiposity were associated with these patterns. RESULTS Soccer and slalom skiing were the favourite activities, and the most pronounced gender differences were for activities favoured by girls, which included dancing, gymnastics, exercising to music and jumping rope (p < 0.001). When the five component patterns were analysed using linear mixed-effect models, this showed a strong female preference for dancing, gymnastics, exercising to music and climbing. Cardiovascular fitness was negatively associated with frisbee, dodgeball, baseball and floorball, and positively associated with team handball, volleyball and basketball and with slalom skiing and cross-country skiing. It was interesting that the children's preferences were not related to their abdominal adiposity. CONCLUSION The results showed different gender-based PA preferences and positive and negative associations with cardiovascular fitness, but no relationship with abdominal adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Resaland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Sogndal Norway
- Centre of Health Research; Førde Hospital Trust; Førde Norway
| | - E Aadland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Sogndal Norway
| | - J R Andersen
- Centre of Health Research; Førde Hospital Trust; Førde Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Førde Norway
| | - J B Bartholomew
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education; The University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| | - S A Anderssen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Sogndal Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - V F Moe
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Sogndal Norway
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35
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Skrede T, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Ekelund U. The prospective association between objectively measured sedentary time, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors in youth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2019; 20:55-74. [PMID: 30270500 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary time and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may be uniquely related to cardiometabolic health. Excessive sedentary time is suggested as an independent cardiometabolic risk factor, while MVPA is favourably associated with cardiometabolic health. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the evidence on a prospective relationship between objectively measured sedentary time, MVPA and cardiometabolic health indicators in youth. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PhyscINFO and SPORTDiscus were systematically searched from January 2000 until April 2018. Studies were included if sedentary time and physical activity were measured objectively and examined associations with body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, insulin, blood pressure or the clustering of these cardiometabolic risk factors. We identified 30 studies, of which 21 were of high quality. No evidence was found for an association between sedentary time and cardiometabolic outcomes. The association between MVPA and individual cardiometabolic risk factors was inconsistent. The meta-analysis for prospective studies found a small but significant effect size between MVPA at baseline and clustered cardiometabolic risk at follow-up (ES -0.014 [95% CI, -0.024 to -0.004]). We conclude that there is no prospective association between sedentary time and cardiometabolic health, while MVPA is beneficially associated with cardiometabolic health in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Skrede
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - S A Anderssen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - G K Resaland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - U Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Aadland E, Anderssen SA, Andersen LB, Resaland GK, Kolle E, Steene-Johannessen J. Aerobic fitness thresholds to define poor cardiometabolic health in children and youth. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29:240-250. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Sogndal Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Sogndal Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Sogndal Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences; Sogndal Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
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Hansen BH, Kolle E, Steene-Johannessen J, Dalene KE, Ekelund U, Anderssen SA. Monitoring population levels of physical activity and sedentary time in Norway across the lifespan. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 29:105-112. [PMID: 30276928 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pandemic of physical inactivity is recognized globally but there is a scarcity of studies employing valid and reliable assessment methods of physical activity (PA) across the lifespan. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive description of objectively measured PA, sedentary time, and prevalence of meeting PA recommendations, in a population-based sample of Norwegian children, adolescents and adults. METHODS Children and adolescents (6, 9 and 15-year-olds) were surveyed in 2011, and adults and older people (20-85-year-olds) were surveyed in 2014/15, including more than 8000 individuals. Anthropometric data were measured in children and adolescents and self-reported in the adult sample. PA was assessed by ActiGraph accelerometers for seven consecutive days, and PA indices include total PA (counts per minute), intensity-specific PA, and adherence to PA recommendations. RESULTS Six-year-olds are 21% and 70% more active than 9- and 15-year-olds, respectively (P < 0.001). Nine-year-olds are 40% more active compared to 15-year-olds (P < 0.001). Moving from adolescence (15-year-olds) into adulthood (20-65 years) yields a further reduction in total PA by 18%. Among six-, nine- and 15-year olds, 90%, 77%, and 48% meet the current PA recommendations, respectively, while adherence among adults and older people are 33% and 31%, respectively. Overweight and obese individuals had lower odds of meeting PA recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The results from the Norwegian surveillance system indicate a strong association between age and indices of physical activity. The vast majority of Norwegian adults do not meet the PA recommendations and public health action are needed to increase PA in Norway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Knut Eirik Dalene
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Aadland E, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Kvalheim OM. Associations of volumes and patterns of physical activity with metabolic health in children: A multivariate pattern analysis approach. Prev Med 2018; 115:12-18. [PMID: 30081134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) favorably affects metabolic health in children, but it is unclear how total volumes versus patterns (bouts and breaks) of PA relate to health. By means of multivariate pattern analysis that can handle collinear variables, we determined the associations of PA volumes and patterns with children's metabolic health using different epoch settings. A sample of 841 Norwegian children (age 10.2 ± 0.3 years) provided in 2014 data on accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+), using epoch settings of 1, 10, and 60 s and several indices of metabolic health used to create a composite metabolic health score. We created 355 PA indices covering the whole intensity and bout duration spectrum, and used multivariate pattern analysis to analyze the data. Findings showed that bouts of PA added information about childhood health beyond total volumes of PA for all epoch settings. Yet, associations of PA patterns with metabolic health were completely dependent on the epoch settings used. Vigorous PA was strongly associated with metabolic health, while associations of light and moderate PA were weak to moderate, and associations of sedentary time with metabolic health was non-existing. Short intermittent bursts of PA were favorably associated with children's metabolic health, whereas associations of prolonged bouts were weak. This study is the first to determine the multivariate physical activity association pattern related to metabolic health in children across the whole PA intensity and bout duration spectrum. The findings challenge our understanding of PA patterns, and are of major importance for the analysis of accelerometry data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Box 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway.
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Kjær IGH, Anderssen SA, Torstveit MK. A tailored telephone and email based exercise intervention induced reductions in various measures of body composition in physically inactive adults: A randomized controlled trial. Prev Med Rep 2018; 11:160-168. [PMID: 29988751 PMCID: PMC6031217 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity prevalence has increased the past decades and has become a serious public health problem. The aim of this six-month assessor-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was to assess the effect of a tailored telephone and email-based exercise intervention on various measures of body composition in a sample of apparently healthy and physically inactive adults. A total of 111 volunteering adults (40-55 yr) in Southern Norway were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG; n = 39) or a no-information control group (CG; n = 50), by random allocation numbering. The IG received feedback on their health-related physical fitness, information on guidelines and recommendations for physical activity, a leaflet on national dietary recommendations, prompts and reminders in addition to three tailored exercise programs, one every two months, and fortnightly motivational counselling by email or telephone, alternately. The CG received no follow-up during the intervention period. The main outcome measures: weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and fat percentage by skinfolds (FPskf) were assessed objectively at baseline and posttest. A one-way ANCOVA analysis, adjusted for baseline scores, gender, age, and educational level, revealed a larger reduction on all body compositional measures in the IG compared to the CG (p ≤ 0.043), except for BMI when adjusted for baseline scores. Additionally, a significantly higher percentage of the IG (64.1%) achieved a clinically significant reduction in FPskf compared to the CG (36.2%, p = 0.018). This six-month tailored telephone and email-based exercise intervention induced significant reductions on several measures of body composition in physically inactive adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03164239).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingirid Geirsdatter Heald Kjær
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, The University of Agder, Postboks 422, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Sport Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Postboks 4014, Ullevål stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sport Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Postboks 4014, Ullevål stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway
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Aadland E, Kvalheim OM, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Andersen LB. The multivariate physical activity signature associated with metabolic health in children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:77. [PMID: 30111365 PMCID: PMC6094580 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is a cornerstone for promoting good metabolic health in children, but it is heavily debated which intensities (including sedentary time) are most influential. A fundamental limitation to current evidence for this relationship is the reliance on analytic approaches that cannot handle collinear variables. The aim of the present study was to determine the physical activity signature related to metabolic health in children, by investigating the association pattern for the whole spectrum of physical activity intensities using multivariate pattern analysis. Methods We used a sample of 841 children (age 10.2 ± 0.3 years; BMI 18.0 ± 3.0; 50% boys) from the Active Smarter Kids study, who provided valid data on accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) and several indices of metabolic health (aerobic fitness, abdominal fatness, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, blood pressure) that were used to create a composite metabolic health score. We created 16 physical activity variables covering the whole intensity spectrum (from 0–100 to ≥ 8000 counts per minute) and used multivariate pattern analysis to analyze the data. Results Physical activity intensities in the vigorous range (5000–7000 counts per minute) were most strongly associated with metabolic health. Moderate intensity physical activity was weakly related to health, and sedentary time and light physical activity were not related to health. Conclusions This study is the first to determine the multivariate physical activity signature related to metabolic health in children across the whole intensity spectrum. This novel approach shows that vigorous physical activity is strongest related to metabolic health. We recommend future studies adapt a multivariate analytic approach to further develop the field of physical activity epidemiology. Trial registration The study was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) 7th of April 2014 with identification number NCT02132494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Box 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.,Center for Health Research, Førde Central Hospital, Box 1000, 6807, Førde, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
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Jones PR, Kvalheim OM, Resaland GK, Anderssen SA, Ekelund U. P5386Lipoprotein subclasses and their associations with physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity in Norwegian schoolchildren: the active smarter kids study. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P R Jones
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - O M Kvalheim
- University of Bergen, Department of Chemistry, Bergen, Norway
| | - G K Resaland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway
| | - S A Anderssen
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - U Ekelund
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
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Aadland E, Andersen LB, Ekelund U, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK. Reproducibility of domain-specific physical activity over two seasons in children. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:821. [PMID: 29970050 PMCID: PMC6029381 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5743-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of the reproducibility of domain-specific accelerometer-determined physical activity (PA) estimates are a prerequisite to conduct high-quality epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to determine the reproducibility of objectively measured PA level in children during school hours, afternoon hours, weekdays, weekend days, and total leisure time over two different seasons. Methods Six hundred seventy six children from the Active Smarter Kids study conducted in Sogn og Fjordane, Norway, were monitored for 7 days by accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) during January–February and April–May 2015. Reproducibility was estimated week-by-week using intra-class correlation (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots with 95% limits of agreement (LoA). Results When controlling for season, reliability (ICC) was 0.51–0.66 for a 7-day week, 0.55–0.64 for weekdays, 0.11–0.43 for weekend days, 0.57–0.63 for school hours, 0.42–0.53 for afternoon hours, and 0.42–0.61 for total leisure time. LoA across models approximated a factor of 1.3–2.5 standard deviations of the sample PA levels. 3–6 weeks of monitoring were required to achieve a reliability of 0.80 across all domains but weekend days, which required 5–32 weeks. Conclusion Reproducibility of PA during leisure time and weekend days were lower than for school hours and weekdays, and estimates were lower when analyzed using a week-by-week approach over different seasons compared to previous studies relying on a single short monitoring period. To avoid type 2-errors, researchers should consider increasing the monitoring period beyond a single 7-day period in future studies. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT021324947. Registered on 7 April 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5743-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.,Center for Health Research, Førde Central Hospital, Førde, Norway
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Skrede T, Aadland E, Andersen LB, Stavnsbo M, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Ekelund U. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Moderate the Prospective Association Between Physical Activity & Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000538282.47450.f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Aadland E, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK. A comparison of 10 accelerometer non-wear time criteria and logbooks in children. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:323. [PMID: 29510709 PMCID: PMC5840816 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many unresolved issues regarding data reduction algorithms for accelerometry. The choice of criterion for removal of non-wear time might have a profound influence on physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) estimates. The aim of the present study was to compare 10 different non-wear criteria and a log of non-wear periods in 11-year-old children. METHODS Children from the Active Smarter Kids study performed 7-days of hip-worn accelerometer monitoring (Actigraph GT3X+) and logged the number of non-wear periods each day, along with the approximate duration and reason for non-wear. Accelerometers were analyzed using 10 different non-wear criteria: ≥ 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min of consecutive zero counts without allowance for interruptions, and ≥60 and 90 min with allowance for 1 and 2 min of interruptions. RESULTS 891 children provided 5203 measurement days, and reported 1232 non-wear periods ranging from 0 to 3 periods per day: on most days children reported no non-wear periods (77.1% of days). The maximum number of non-wear periods per day was 2 for the 90-min criterion, 3 to 5 for most criteria, 7 for the 20-min criterion, and 20 for the 10-min criterion. The non-wear criteria influenced overall PA (mean values across all criteria: 591 to 649 cpm; 10% difference) and SED time (461 to 539 min/day; 17% difference) estimates, especially for the most prolonged SED bouts. Estimates were similar for time spent in intensity-specific (light, moderate, vigorous, and moderate-to-vigorous) PA, but varied 6-9% among the non-wear criteria for proportions of time spent in intensity-specific PA (% of total wear time). CONCLUSIONS Population level estimates of PA and SED differed between different accelerometer non-wear criteria, meaning that non-wear time algorithms should be standardized across studies to reduce confusion and improve comparability of children's PA level. Based on the numbers and reasons for non-wear periods, we suggest a 45 or 60-min consecutive zero count-criterion not allowing any interruptions to be applied in future pediatric studies, at least for children older than 10 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered in Clinicaltrials.gov with identification number NCT02132494 . Registered 7 April 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Box 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
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Stensvold D, Bucher Sandbakk S, Viken H, Zisko N, Reitlo LS, Nauman J, Gaustad SE, Hassel E, Moufack M, Brønstad E, Aspvik NP, Malmo V, Steinshamn SL, Støylen A, Anderssen SA, Helbostad JL, Rognmo Ø, Wisløff U. Cardiorespiratory Reference Data in Older Adults: The Generation 100 Study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 49:2206-2215. [PMID: 28598909 PMCID: PMC5647117 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is regarded a clinical vital sign, and accurate reference values for all age groups are essential. Little data exist on CRF and cardiorespiratory function in older adults. The aim of this study was to provide normative values for CRF and cardiorespiratory function in older adults, including people with history of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS In total, 1537 (769 women) participants age 70 to 77 yr underwent clinical examinations and cardiopulmonary exercise tests. Peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), ventilation (V˙Epeak), expiration of carbon dioxide (VV˙CO2peak), breathing frequency (BFpeak), tidal volume (VTpeak), oxygen pulse (O2 pulsepeak), ventilatory efficiency (EqV˙O2peak and EqV˙CO2peak), and 1-min HR recovery were assessed. RESULTS Men compared with women had higher V˙O2peak (31.3 ± 6.7 vs 26.2 ± 5.0 mL·min·kg), BFpeak (41.8 ± 8.0 vs 39.7 ± 7.1 breaths per minute), VTpeak (2.3 ± 0.5 vs 1.6 ± 0.3), O2 pulsepeak (16.4 ± 3.2 vs 11.3 ± 2.0), V˙CO2peak (2.9 ± 0.2 and 1.9 ± 0.1 L·min), V˙Epeak (96.2 ± 21.7 vs 61.1 ± 21.6 L·min), EqV˙O2peak (38.0 ± 6.9 vs 35.1 ± 5.6), and EqV˙CO2peak (33.5 ± 5.7 vs 31.9 ± 4.5). Women and men with CVD had lower V˙O2peak (14% and 19%), peak HR (5% and 6%), V˙Epeak (8% and 10%), VTpeak (7% and 4%), and lower EqV˙CO2peak (4% and 6%) compared with their healthy counterparts, respectively. Compared with healthy women and men, 1-min HR recovery was 12% and 16% lower for women and men with CVD. CONCLUSIONS This study represents the largest reference material on directly measured CRF and cardiorespiratory function in older men and women, with and without CVD. This novel information will help researchers and clinicians to interpret data form cardiopulmonary testing in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe Stensvold
- 1K.G. Jebsen Center of Exercise in Medicine at Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NORWAY; 2Department of Cardiology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NORWAY; 3Department of Thoracic Medicine, Clinic of Thoracic and Occupational Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, NORWAY; 4Department of Sociology and Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NORWAY; 5Department of Sports Medicine, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, NORWAY; 6Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, NORWAY; 7Clinic for Clinical Services, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, NORWAY; and 8School of Human Movement & Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Queensland, AUSTRALIA
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Solbraa AK, Anderssen SA, Holme IM, Kolle E, Hansen BH, Ashe MC. The built environment correlates of objectively measured physical activity in Norwegian adults: A cross-sectional study. J Sport Health Sci 2018; 7:19-26. [PMID: 30356471 PMCID: PMC6180549 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Built environments that are designed to provide accessible, attractive, and convenient locales promote regular physical activity (PA). Norway has great variability in its geographic, natural, and built environment features. Urban areas have well-developed built environment features, whereas the rural areas are less walkable and this may influence the mode of transport. In general, active transport is more common in urban centers. Further, public transportation is more developed in urban areas, whereas motorized transport may be more widespread in the rural areas. Despite this, in Sogn & Fjordane, a rural county in western Norway, high PA levels are frequently observed. Thus, the aims of this study were to (1) explore perceived built environment features and characterize their associations with objectively measured PA levels in Norwegian adults and (2) explore the differences in these correlates between Sogn & Fjordane and the rest of Norway. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, participants used questionnaires to rate perceptions of their built environments, and their PA was objectively measured for 7 consecutive days using the ActiGraph GT1M accelerometer. There were 972 Norwegian adults who were included in the study. The average age was 46.9 ± 6.5 years and 43.8% of participants were men. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. RESULTS Total PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were both associated with perceived walkability, the community perception score, and active transport for commuting (all p ≤ 0.004). We also observed geographic-area-specific associations: the community perception score was negatively associated with total PA and MVPA in the rest of Norway (p ≤ 0.012) but not in Sogn & Fjordane. Public transport for commuting was positively associated with MVPA in Sogn & Fjordane (p = 0.03) but not in the rest of Norway. CONCLUSION Total PA level and MVPA were associated with built environment factors, such as perceptions of community, perceived walkability, and engaging in active transport for commuting. Geographic differences in the PA correlates were observed, and thus, locally customized environmental population approaches aimed at increasing PA levels may be essential complements to individual behavior and lifestyle strategies. Further, objective measures of Norwegian built environments, such as geographic information system data, and validated walk- and bike-scores would advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Kristiansen Solbraa
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo 0806, Norway
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sport, Western University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal 6851, Norway
| | | | - Ingar Morten Holme
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo 0806, Norway
| | - Elin Kolle
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo 0806, Norway
| | - Bjørge Herman Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo 0806, Norway
| | - Maureen C. Ashe
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Resaland GK, Moe VF, Bartholomew JB, Andersen LB, McKay HA, Anderssen SA, Aadland E. Gender-specific effects of physical activity on children's academic performance: The Active Smarter Kids cluster randomized controlled trial. Prev Med 2018; 106:171-176. [PMID: 29104022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Active learning combines academic content with physical activity (PA) to increase child PA and academic performance, but the impact of active learning is mixed. It may be that this is a moderated relationship in which active learning is beneficial for only some children. This paper examine the impact of baseline academic performance and gender as moderators for the effects of active learning on children's academic performance. In the ASK-study, 1129 fifth-graders from 57 Norwegian elementary schools were randomized by school to intervention or control in a physical activity intervention between November 2014 and June 2015. Academic performance in numeracy, reading, and English was measured and a composite score was calculated. Children were split into low, middle and high academic performing tertiles. 3-way-interactions for group (intervention, control)∗gender (boys, girls)∗academic performance (tertiles) were investigated using mixed model regression. There was a significant, 3-way-interaction (p=0.044). Both boys (ES=0.11) and girls (ES=0.18) in the low performing tertile had a similar beneficial trend. In contrast, middle (ES=0.03) and high performing boys (ES=0.09) responded with small beneficial trends, while middle (ES=-0.11) and high performing girls (ES=-0.06) responded with negative trends. ASK was associated with a significant increase in academic performance for low performing children. It is likely that active learning benefited children most in need of adapted education but it may have a null or negative effect for those girls who are already performing well in the sedentary classroom. Differences in gendered responses are discussed as a possible explanation for these results. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov registry, trial registration number: NCT02132494.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Resaland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Sogndal, Norway.
| | - V F Moe
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Sogndal, Norway
| | - J B Bartholomew
- The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, Austin, USA
| | - L B Andersen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Sogndal, Norway
| | - H A McKay
- The University of British Columbia, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Family Practice, Vancouver, Canada
| | - S A Anderssen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Sogndal, Norway
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Resaland GK, Aadland E, Nilsen AKO, Bartholomew JB, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA. The effect of a two-year school-based daily physical activity intervention on a clustered CVD risk factor score-The Sogndal school-intervention study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:1027-1035. [PMID: 28759129 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate changes in clustered cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in 9-year-old children following a 2-year school-based physical activity intervention. In total, 259 children (age 9.3 ± 0.3 years) were invited, of whom 256 participated. The intervention group (63 boys, 62 girls) carried out 60-minute teacher-controlled daily physical activity over two school years. The control group (62 boys, 69 girls) had the curriculum-defined amount of physical education (45 minutes twice each week). Of these, 67% (171 total, 91 intervention) successfully completed both baseline and post-intervention of six CVD risk factors: systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC:HDL ratio), waist circumference (WC), the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA), and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak ). All variables were standardized by sex prior to constructing a cluster score (sum of z scores for all variables). The effect of the intervention on the cluster score was analyzed using linear multiple regression. The cluster score improved after the intervention (ES = .29). Furthermore, the analyses showed significant effects in favor of the intervention group for systolic blood pressure (ES = .35), total cholesterol-to-HDL-c ratio (ES = .23), triglyceride (ES = .40), and VO2peak (ES = .57). A teacher-led school-based physical activity intervention that is sufficiently long and includes a substantial amount of daily physical activity can beneficially modify children's clustered CVD risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Resaland
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - E Aadland
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - A K O Nilsen
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - J B Bartholomew
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - L B Andersen
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - S A Anderssen
- Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Solberg R, Anderssen SA, Kolle E, Ekelund U, Steene-Johannessen J. Physical Activity And Markers Of Inflammation In Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000517281.04508.7a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Skrede T, Stavnsbo M, Aadland E, Aadland KN, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Ekelund U. Moderate-to-vigorous Physical Activity Predicts Change In Clustered Cardio-metabolic Risk In 10-year-old Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000517282.81637.78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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