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Jones PR, Rajalahti T, Resaland GK, Aadland E, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Bathen TF, Andreassen T, Kvalheim OM, Ekelund U. Associations of lipoprotein particle profile and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in schoolchildren: a prospective cohort study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:5. [PMID: 35062967 PMCID: PMC8781389 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Our understanding of the mechanisms through which physical activity might benefit lipoprotein metabolism is inadequate. Here we characterise the continuous associations between physical activity of different intensities, sedentary time, and a comprehensive lipoprotein particle profile.
Methods
Our cohort included 762 fifth grade (mean [SD] age = 10.0 [0.3] y) Norwegian schoolchildren (49.6% girls) measured on two separate occasions across one school year. We used targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to produce 57 lipoprotein measures from fasted blood serum samples. The children wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days to record time spent in light-, moderate-, and vigorous-intensity physical activity, and sedentary time. We used separate multivariable linear regression models to analyse associations between the device-measured activity variables—modelled both prospectively (baseline value) and as change scores (follow-up minus baseline value)—and each lipoprotein measure at follow-up.
Results
Higher baseline levels of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity were associated with a favourable lipoprotein particle profile at follow-up. The strongest associations were with the larger subclasses of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Sedentary time was associated with an unfavourable lipoprotein particle profile, the pattern of associations being the inverse of those in the moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity analyses. The associations with light-intensity physical activity were more modest; those of the change models were weak.
Conclusion
We provide evidence of a prospective association between time spent active or sedentary and lipoprotein metabolism in schoolchildren. Change in activity levels across the school year is of limited influence in our young, healthy cohort.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, #NCT02132494. Registered 7th April 2014
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Rajalahti T, Aadland E, Resaland GK, Anderssen SA, Kvalheim OM. Influence of adiposity and physical activity on the cardiometabolic association pattern of lipoprotein subclasses to aerobic fitness in prepubertal children. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259901. [PMID: 34793516 PMCID: PMC8601570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerobic fitness (AF) and lipoprotein subclasses associate to each other and to cardiovascular health. Adiposity and physical activity (PA) influence the association pattern of AF to lipoproteins almost inversely making it difficult to assess their independent and joint influence on the association pattern. This study, including 841 children (50% boys) 10.2 ± 0.3 years old with BMI 18.0 ± 3.0 kg/m2 from rural Western Norway, aimed at examining the association pattern of AF to the lipoprotein subclasses and to estimate the independent and joint influence of PA and adiposity on this pattern. We used multivariate analysis to determine the association pattern of a profile of 26 lipoprotein features to AF with and without adjustment for three measures of adiposity and a high-resolution PA descriptor of 23 intensity intervals derived from accelerometry. For data not adjusted for adiposity or PA, we observed a cardioprotective lipoprotein pattern associating to AF. This pattern withstood adjustment for PA, but the strength of association to AF was reduced by 58%, while adjustment for adiposity weakened the association of AF to the lipoproteins by 85% and with strongest changes in the associations to a cardioprotective high-density lipoprotein subclass pattern. When adjusted for both adiposity and PA, the cardioprotective lipoprotein pattern still associated to AF, but the strength of association was reduced by 90%. Our results imply that the (negative) influence of adiposity on the cardioprotective association pattern of lipoproteins to AF is considerably stronger than the (positive) contribution of PA to this pattern. However, our analysis shows that PA contributes also indirectly through a strong inverse association to adiposity. The trial was registered 7 May, 2014 in clinicaltrials.gov with trial reg. no.: NCT02132494 and the URL is https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=NCT02132494&cntry=NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarja Rajalahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Førde Health Trust, Førde, Norway
- Red Cross Haugland Rehabilitation Centre, Flekke, Norway
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Faculty of Education, Center for Physical Active Learning, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Jones PR, Rajalahti T, Resaland GK, Aadland E, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Bathen TF, Andreassen T, Kvalheim OM, Ekelund U. 1 Prospective associations of aerobic fitness and lipoprotein subclasses in a cohort of norwegian schoolchildren: the active smarter kids (ASK) study. Br J Sports Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/bjsm-2021-basemabs.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimAerobic fitness is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Associations with traditional measures of lipid metabolism are uncertain. We investigated whether higher levels of fitness benefit lipid metabolism by exploring cross-sectional and prospective associations between aerobic fitness and a comprehensive lipoprotein profile.MethodsWe used targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to profile 29 measures of lipoprotein metabolism for 811 fifth-grade Norwegian schoolchildren (50.1% girls; mean age 10.2 years). Serum samples were taken on two occasions across the academic year. Aerobic fitness was measured at baseline using the Andersen aerobic fitness test. We used multiple linear regression adjusted for potential confounders to examine both cross-sectional and prospective — adjusted for baseline lipoprotein measure — associations between aerobic fitness and lipoprotein profiles.ResultsHigher levels of aerobic fitness were associated with all measures of lipoprotein metabolism in the cross-sectional analysis. There were inverse associations with the apolipoprotein B-containing (apo B) lipoprotein subclasses, including cholesterol and triglyceride concentration. The associations between aerobic fitness and the concentration of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles were divergent between larger and smaller subclasses. In the prospective analysis, the inverse associations between aerobic fitness and the measures of larger apo B-containing lipoprotein subclasses persisted as did all but one of the associations with triglyceride concentrations. Additional adjustment for adiposity attenuated most associations in both cross-sectional and prospective models, but an independent effect of fitness remained for certain measures.ConclusionsHigher levels of aerobic fitness are associated with a favourable lipoprotein profile, partly independent of adiposity. Associations tended to be stronger and more consistent over time for the larger apo B-containing lipoprotein measures and those of triglyceride concentration. Our results suggest that improving children’s fitness levels should have beneficial effects on lipoprotein metabolism, though a concomitant reduction in adiposity would likely be more effective.ReferencesAnderssen SA, Cooper AR, Riddoch C, Sardinha LB, Harro M, Brage S, et al. Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor for clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children independent of country, age and sex. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2007.Mintjens S, Menting MD, Daams JG, van Poppel MNM, Roseboom TJ, Gemke RJBJ. Cardiorespiratory fitness in childhood and adolescence affects future cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review of longitudinal studies. Sports Med 2018 Nov 1;48(11):2577–605.
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Migueles JH, Aadland E, Andersen LB, Brønd JC, Chastin SF, Hansen BH, Konstabel K, Kvalheim OM, McGregor DE, Rowlands AV, Sabia S, van Hees VT, Walmsley R, Ortega FB. GRANADA consensus on analytical approaches to assess associations with accelerometer-determined physical behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) in epidemiological studies. Br J Sports Med 2021; 56:376-384. [PMID: 33846158 PMCID: PMC8938657 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inter-relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep (collectively defined as physical behaviours) is of interest to researchers from different fields. Each of these physical behaviours has been investigated in epidemiological studies, yet their codependency and interactions need to be further explored and accounted for in data analysis. Modern accelerometers capture continuous movement through the day, which presents the challenge of how to best use the richness of these data. In recent years, analytical approaches first applied in other scientific fields have been applied to physical behaviour epidemiology (eg, isotemporal substitution models, compositional data analysis, multivariate pattern analysis, functional data analysis and machine learning). A comprehensive description, discussion, and consensus on the strengths and limitations of these analytical approaches will help researchers decide which approach to use in different situations. In this context, a scientific workshop and meeting were held in Granada to discuss: (1) analytical approaches currently used in the scientific literature on physical behaviour, highlighting strengths and limitations, providing practical recommendations on their use and including a decision tree for assisting researchers’ decision-making; and (2) current gaps and future research directions around the analysis and use of accelerometer data. Advances in analytical approaches to accelerometer-determined physical behaviours in epidemiological studies are expected to influence the interpretation of current and future evidence, and ultimately impact on future physical behaviour guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo H Migueles
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain .,Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Jan Christian Brønd
- Department of Sport Science and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sebastien F Chastin
- School of Health and Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.,Department of Movement and Sport Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjørge H Hansen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Osloål, Norway.,Departement of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Kenn Konstabel
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.,School of Natural Sciences and Health, Tallinn University, Tallinn, Estonia.,Institute of Psychology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Duncan E McGregor
- School of Health and Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK.,Biomathematics and Statistics Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alex V Rowlands
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute for Health Research, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Séverine Sabia
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1153, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative diseases, Paris, France.,Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vincent T van Hees
- Accelting, Almere, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemary Walmsley
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain .,Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Jones PR, Rajalahti T, Resaland GK, Aadland E, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Bathen TF, Andreassen T, Kvalheim OM, Ekelund U. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between aerobic fitness and lipoprotein particle profile in a cohort of Norwegian schoolchildren. Atherosclerosis 2021; 321:21-29. [PMID: 33601268 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The associations between aerobic fitness and traditional measures of lipid metabolism in children are uncertain. We investigated whether higher levels of aerobic fitness benefit lipoprotein metabolism by exploring associations with a comprehensive lipoprotein particle profile. METHODS In our prospective cohort study, we used targeted proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy to profile 57 measures of lipoprotein metabolism from fasting serum samples of 858 fifth-grade Norwegian schoolchildren (49.0% girls; mean age 10.0 years). Aerobic fitness was measured using an intermittent shuttle run aerobic fitness test. We used multiple linear regression adjusted for potential confounders to examine cross-sectional and prospective associations between aerobic fitness and lipoprotein particle profile. RESULTS Higher levels of aerobic fitness were associated with a favourable lipoprotein particle profile in the cross-sectional analysis, which included inverse associations with all measures of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles (e.g., -0.06 mmol·L-1 or -0.23 SD units; 95% CI = -0.31, -0.16 for VLDL cholesterol concentration). In the prospective analysis, the favourable pattern of associations persisted, though the individual associations tended to be more consistent with those of the cross-sectional analysis for the VLDL subclass measures compared to the low-density lipoproteins and high-density lipoproteins. Adjustment for adiposity attenuated the associations in both cross-sectional and prospective models. Nevertheless, an independent effect of aerobic fitness remained for some measures. CONCLUSIONS Improving children's aerobic fitness levels should benefit lipoprotein metabolism, though a concomitant reduction in adiposity would likely potentiate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Remy Jones
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tarja Rajalahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Førde Health Trust, Førde, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Førde Health Trust, Førde, Norway; Center for Physically Active Learning, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trygve Andreassen
- MR Core Facility, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Aadland E, Kvalheim OM, Hansen BH, Kriemler S, Ried-Larsen M, Wedderkopp N, Sardinha LB, Møller NC, Hallal PC, Anderssen SA, Northstone K, Andersen LB. The multivariate physical activity signature associated with metabolic health in children and youth: An International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD) analysis. Prev Med 2020; 141:106266. [PMID: 33022325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is solid evidence for an association between physical activity and metabolic health outcomes in children and youth, but for methodological reasons most studies describe the intensity spectrum using only a few summary measures. We aimed to determine the multivariate physical activity intensity signature associated with metabolic health in a large and diverse sample of children and youth, by investigating the association pattern for the entire physical intensity spectrum. We used pooled data from 11 studies and 11,853 participants aged 5.8-18.4 years included in the International Children's Accelerometry Database. We derived 14 accelerometry-derived (ActiGraph) physical activity variables covering the intensity spectrum (from 0-99 to ≥8000 counts per minute). To handle the multicollinearity among these variables, we used multivariate pattern analysis to establish the associations with indices of metabolic health (abdominal fatness, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, blood pressure). A composite metabolic health score was used as the main outcome variable. Associations with the composite metabolic health score were weak for sedentary time and light physical activity, but gradually strengthened with increasing time spent in moderate and vigorous intensities (up to 4000-5000 counts per minute). Association patterns were fairly consistent across sex and age groups, but varied across different metabolic health outcomes. This novel analytic approach suggests that vigorous intensity, rather than less intense activities or sedentary behavior, are related to metabolic health in children and youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
| | | | - Bjørge Herman Hansen
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Susi Kriemler
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Mathias Ried-Larsen
- Centre for Inflammation and Metabolism, Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Niels Wedderkopp
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | | | - Sigmund A Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kate Northstone
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK.
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
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Aadland E, Nilsen AKO, Andersen LB, Rowlands AV, Kvalheim OM. A comparison of analytical approaches to investigate associations for accelerometry-derived physical activity spectra with health and developmental outcomes in children. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:430-438. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1824341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Campus Sogndal, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Ada Kristine Ofrim Nilsen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Campus Sogndal, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences Campus Sogndal, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Alex V. Rowlands
- Assessment of Movement Behaviours Group (Amber), Leicester Lifestyle and Health Research Group, Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
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Aadland E, Andersen LB, Migueles JH, Ortega FB, Kvalheim OM. Interpretation of associations between the accelerometry physical activity spectrum and cardiometabolic health and locomotor skills in two cohorts of children using raw, normalized, log-transformed, or compositional data. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2708-2719. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1796462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Jairo Hidalgo Migueles
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH “Promoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (Imuds), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, PROFITH “Promoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (Imuds), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Aadland E, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Kvalheim OM. Accelerometer epoch setting is decisive for associations between physical activity and metabolic health in children. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:256-263. [PMID: 31735120 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1693320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
When analysing physical activity (PA) levels using accelerometry, the epoch setting is critical to capture intensity-specific PA correctly. The aim of the present study was to investigate the PA intensity signatures related to metabolic health in children using different epoch settings. A sample of 841 Norwegian children (age 10.2 ± 0.3 years; BMI 18.0 ± 3.0; 50% boys) provided data on accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) and several indices of metabolic health (aerobic fitness, abdominal fatness, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, blood pressure) that were used to create a composite metabolic health score. We created intensity spectra from 0-99 to ≥ 10000 counts per minute (cpm) for files aggregated using 1, 10, and 60-second epoch periods and used multivariate pattern analysis to analyse the data. The association patterns with metabolic health differed substantially between epoch settings. The intensity intervals most strongly associated with metabolic health were 7000-8000 cpm for data analysed using 1-second epoch, 5500-6500 cpm for data analysed using 10-second epoch, and 4000-5000 cpm analysed using 60-second epoch. Aggregation of data over different epoch periods has a clear impact on how PA intensities in the moderate and vigorous range are associated with childhood metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway
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Aadland E, Kvalheim OM, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Andersen LB. Multicollinear physical activity accelerometry data and associations to cardiometabolic health: challenges, pitfalls, and potential solutions. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:74. [PMID: 31455305 PMCID: PMC6712694 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The analysis of associations between accelerometer-derived physical activity (PA) intensities and cardiometabolic health is a major challenge due to multicollinearity between the explanatory variables. This challenge has facilitated the application of different analytic approaches within the field. The aim of the present study was to compare association patterns of PA intensities with cardiometabolic health in children obtained from multiple linear regression, compositional data analysis, and multivariate pattern analysis. Methods A sample of 841 children (age 10.2 ± 0.3 years; BMI 18.0 ± 3.0; 50% boys) provided valid accelerometry and cardiometabolic health data. Accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) data were characterized into traditional (four PA intensity variables) and more detailed categories (23 PA intensity variables covering the intensity spectrum; 0–99 to ≥10,000 counts per minute). Several indices of cardiometabolic health were used to create a composite cardiometabolic health score. Multiple linear regression and multivariate pattern analyses were used to analyze both raw and compositional data. Results Besides a consistent negative (favorable) association between vigorous PA and the cardiometabolic health measure using the traditional description of PA data, associations between PA intensities and cardiometabolic health differed substantially depending on the analytic approaches used. Multiple linear regression lead to instable and spurious associations, while compositional data analysis showed distorted association patterns. Multivariate pattern analysis appeared to handle the raw PA data correctly, leading to more plausible interpretations of the associations between PA intensities and cardiometabolic health. Conclusions Future studies should consider multivariate pattern analysis without any transformation of PA data when examining relationships between PA intensity patterns and health outcomes. Trial registration The study was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov 7th of April 2014 with identification number NCT02132494. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-019-0836-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Box 4014, Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Center for Physically Active Learning, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
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Jones PR, Rajalahti T, Resaland GK, Aadland E, Steene-Johannessen J, Anderssen SA, Bathen TF, Andreassen T, Kvalheim OM, Ekelund U. Associations of physical activity and sedentary time with lipoprotein subclasses in Norwegian schoolchildren: The Active Smarter Kids (ASK) study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 288:186-193. [PMID: 31200940 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Physical activity is favourably associated with certain markers of lipid metabolism. The relationship of physical activity with lipoprotein particle profiles in children is not known. Here we examine cross-sectional associations between objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time with serum markers of lipoprotein metabolism. METHODS Our cohort included 880 children (49.0% girls, mean age 10.2 years). Physical activity intensity and time spent sedentary were measured objectively using accelerometers. 30 measures of lipoprotein metabolism were quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, sexual maturity and socioeconomic status were used to determine associations of physical activity and sedentary time with lipoprotein measures. Additional models were adjusted for adiposity. Isotemporal substitution models quantified theoretical associations of replacing 30 min of sedentary time with 30 min of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA). RESULTS Time spent in MVPA was associated with a favourable lipoprotein profile independent of sedentary time. There were inverse associations with a number of lipoprotein measures, including most apolipoprotein B-containing lipoprotein subclasses and triglyceride measures, the ratio of total to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and non-HDL cholesterol concentration. There were positive associations with larger HDL subclasses, HDL cholesterol concentration and particle size. Reallocating 30 min of sedentary time to MVPA had broadly similar associations. Sedentary time was only partly and weakly associated with an unfavourable lipoprotein profile. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity of at least moderate-intensity is associated with a favourable lipoprotein profile in schoolchildren, independent of time spent sedentary, adiposity and other confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Remy Jones
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tarja Rajalahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Førde Health Trust, Førde, Norway.
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway; Center for Health Research, Førde Central Hospital, Førde, Norway.
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Trygve Andreassen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
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Aadland E, Andersen LB, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Kvalheim OM. Associations of volumes and patterns of physical activity with metabolic health in children: A multivariate pattern analysis approach. Prev Med 2018; 115:12-18. [PMID: 30081134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) favorably affects metabolic health in children, but it is unclear how total volumes versus patterns (bouts and breaks) of PA relate to health. By means of multivariate pattern analysis that can handle collinear variables, we determined the associations of PA volumes and patterns with children's metabolic health using different epoch settings. A sample of 841 Norwegian children (age 10.2 ± 0.3 years) provided in 2014 data on accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+), using epoch settings of 1, 10, and 60 s and several indices of metabolic health used to create a composite metabolic health score. We created 355 PA indices covering the whole intensity and bout duration spectrum, and used multivariate pattern analysis to analyze the data. Findings showed that bouts of PA added information about childhood health beyond total volumes of PA for all epoch settings. Yet, associations of PA patterns with metabolic health were completely dependent on the epoch settings used. Vigorous PA was strongly associated with metabolic health, while associations of light and moderate PA were weak to moderate, and associations of sedentary time with metabolic health was non-existing. Short intermittent bursts of PA were favorably associated with children's metabolic health, whereas associations of prolonged bouts were weak. This study is the first to determine the multivariate physical activity association pattern related to metabolic health in children across the whole PA intensity and bout duration spectrum. The findings challenge our understanding of PA patterns, and are of major importance for the analysis of accelerometry data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway.
| | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Box 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851 Sogndal, Norway.
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Aadland E, Kvalheim OM, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK, Andersen LB. The multivariate physical activity signature associated with metabolic health in children. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:77. [PMID: 30111365 PMCID: PMC6094580 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is a cornerstone for promoting good metabolic health in children, but it is heavily debated which intensities (including sedentary time) are most influential. A fundamental limitation to current evidence for this relationship is the reliance on analytic approaches that cannot handle collinear variables. The aim of the present study was to determine the physical activity signature related to metabolic health in children, by investigating the association pattern for the whole spectrum of physical activity intensities using multivariate pattern analysis. Methods We used a sample of 841 children (age 10.2 ± 0.3 years; BMI 18.0 ± 3.0; 50% boys) from the Active Smarter Kids study, who provided valid data on accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+) and several indices of metabolic health (aerobic fitness, abdominal fatness, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, blood pressure) that were used to create a composite metabolic health score. We created 16 physical activity variables covering the whole intensity spectrum (from 0–100 to ≥ 8000 counts per minute) and used multivariate pattern analysis to analyze the data. Results Physical activity intensities in the vigorous range (5000–7000 counts per minute) were most strongly associated with metabolic health. Moderate intensity physical activity was weakly related to health, and sedentary time and light physical activity were not related to health. Conclusions This study is the first to determine the multivariate physical activity signature related to metabolic health in children across the whole intensity spectrum. This novel approach shows that vigorous physical activity is strongest related to metabolic health. We recommend future studies adapt a multivariate analytic approach to further develop the field of physical activity epidemiology. Trial registration The study was registered in Clinicaltrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov) 7th of April 2014 with identification number NCT02132494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.
| | | | - Sigmund Alfred Anderssen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Box 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Kåre Resaland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway.,Center for Health Research, Førde Central Hospital, Box 1000, 6807, Førde, Norway
| | - Lars Bo Andersen
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Box 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
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Jones PR, Kvalheim OM, Resaland GK, Anderssen SA, Ekelund U. P5386Lipoprotein subclasses and their associations with physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity in Norwegian schoolchildren: the active smarter kids study. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P R Jones
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - O M Kvalheim
- University of Bergen, Department of Chemistry, Bergen, Norway
| | - G K Resaland
- Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Teacher Education and Sports, Sogndal, Norway
| | - S A Anderssen
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - U Ekelund
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo, Norway
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Lin C, Andersen JR, Våge V, Rajalahti T, Mjøs SA, Kvalheim OM. Intensive lifestyle intervention provides rapid reduction of serum fatty acid levels in women with severe obesity without lowering omega-3 to unhealthy levels. Clin Obes 2016; 6:259-67. [PMID: 27334055 PMCID: PMC5129509 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Serum fatty acid (FA) levels were monitored in women with severe obesity during intensive lifestyle intervention. At baseline, total FA levels and most individual FAs were elevated compared to a matching cohort of normal and overweight women (healthy controls). After 3 weeks of intensive lifestyle intervention, total level was only 11-12% higher than in the healthy controls and with almost all FAs being significantly lower than at baseline, but with levels of omega-3 being similar to the healthy controls. This is contrary to observations for patients subjected to bariatric surgery where omega-3 levels dropped to levels significantly lower than in the lifestyle patients and healthy controls. During the next 3 weeks of treatment, the FA levels in lifestyle patients were unchanged, while the weight loss continued at almost the same rate as in the first 3 weeks. Multivariate analysis revealed that weight loss and change of serum FA patterns were unrelated outcomes of the intervention for lifestyle patients. For bariatric patients, these processes were associated probably due to reduced dietary input and increased input from the patients' own fat deposits, causing a higher rate of weight loss and simultaneous reduction of the ratio of serum eicosapentaenoic to arachidonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lin
- Fjordomics, Førde Hospital Trust, Førde, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J R Andersen
- Faculty of Health Studies, Sogn og Fjordane University College, Førde, Norway
- Center of Health research, Førde Hospital Trust, Førde, Norway
| | - V Våge
- Center of Health research, Førde Hospital Trust, Førde, Norway
- Department of Surgery, Voss Hospital, Bergen Health Trust, Voss, Norway
| | - T Rajalahti
- Fjordomics, Førde Hospital Trust, Førde, Norway
| | - S A Mjøs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - O M Kvalheim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Health Studies, Sogn og Fjordane University College, Førde, Norway
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Lin C, Rajalahti T, Mjøs SA, Kvalheim OM. Predictive associations between serum fatty acids and lipoproteins in healthy non-obese Norwegians: implications for cardiovascular health. Metabolomics 2016; 12:6. [PMID: 26568746 PMCID: PMC4639572 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-015-0886-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A battery of methods for multivariate data analysis has been used to assess the associations between concentrations of fatty acids (FAs) and lipoprotein subclasses and particle size in serum for a normolipidemic population of ethnic Norwegians living in the rural Fjord region. Significant gender differences were found in the lipoprotein and FA patterns. Predictive FA patterns were revealed for lipoprotein features of importance for cardiovascular (CV) health. Thus, the subclasses of atherogenic small and very small low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and the same subclasses of high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles were associated with a pattern of saturated FAs and mono-unsaturated C16-C18 FAs. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and the ratio of EPA to arachidonic acid (AA) had strongest associations to features that promotes CV health: (i) large average size of HDL and LDL particles, and, (ii) small average size of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles. Total concentration of HDL in both genders correlated to EPA, but docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) correlated just as strongly for women. For men, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) showed stronger association to HDL concentration than EPA. For both genders, concentration of large LDL particles showed associations to levels of EPA, but stronger to DHA and DPA. High values of EPA/AA seem to be the strongest single biomarker for good CV health in both men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Fjordomics, Førde Hospital Trust, Førde, Norway
| | | | - Svein Are Mjøs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Martin Kvalheim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Health Studies, Sogn og Fjordane University College, Førde, Norway
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Rajalahti T, Lin C, Mjøs SA, Kvalheim OM. Changes in serum fatty acid and lipoprotein subclass concentrations from prepuberty to adulthood and during aging. Metabolomics 2016; 12:51. [PMID: 26900388 PMCID: PMC4744832 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-0968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations in serum were determined for 18 fatty acids (FAs) and 21 lipoprotein main and subclasses by chromatographic analyses and the average size was calculated for very low density (VLDL), low density (LDL) and high density (HDL) particles. 283 ethnic Norwegian children and adults from the rural Fjord region of Western Norway were compared with the objectives to reveal patterns and gender differences during the development from prepuberty to adulthood and during aging in adults. Both genders showed a large increase in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from child to adult. Males, but not females, show a significant increase in most C16-C18 FAs from prepuberty to adulthood. These changes in males correlate to a pattern of increased concentrations of triglycerides, VLDL and LDL particles, especially the atherogenic subclasses of small and very small LDL particles. Furthermore, concentrations of medium, large and very large HDL particles decrease, while concentration of very small HDL particles increase leading to reduced average size of HDL particles. Females only showed significant increase in concentrations of small and very small LDL particles, very small HDL particles and apolipoprotein B. While EPA and DHA continued to increase during aging in women, no validated model for connecting age to FA profile was obtained for men. Women showed significant increase in concentrations of all subclasses of LDL particles during aging, while men exhibited a more complex pattern with increase also in apolipoprotein A1 and HDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chenchen Lin
- />Fjordomics, Førde Central Hospital, Førde, Norway
- />Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Svein Are Mjøs
- />Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Martin Kvalheim
- />Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- />Faculty of Health Studies, Sogn og Fjordane University College, Førde, Norway
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18
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Rajalahti T, Lin C, Mjøs SA, Kvalheim OM. Serum fatty acid and lipoprotein subclass concentrations and their associations in prepubertal healthy Norwegian children. Metabolomics 2016; 12:81. [PMID: 27069443 PMCID: PMC4792365 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lipid metabolism is one of the most important and complex processes in the body. Serum concentrations of 18 fatty acids (FAs) and 24 lipoprotein features, i.e. concentrations of lipoprotein main and subclasses and average particle size in main classes, in 195 ethnic Norwegian children from the rural Fjord region were quantified by chromatography. OBJECTIVES To assess gender differences in prepubertal children and reveal predictive FA patterns for lipoprotein features. METHODS Lipoprotein features were modelled from FA profiles using multivariate regression. RESULTS Contrary to observations for adults from the same region, gender differences in prepubertal children were generally small. However, higher concentrations of C16-C18 FAs for girls compared to boys correlated to higher concentrations of triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles and larger average size of VLDL particles. Concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and its subclass of medium particle size were higher in boys than in girls. These findings are opposite to observations in adults from the same region, but reflect that prepubertal boys are more physically active than girls. Furthermore, children possessed only half the serum levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid measured in adults. Since sampling was done after 12 h of fasting, these differences may reflect higher rate of utilization of these crucial FAs in children. CONCLUSION Good predictive models were obtained for TGs, VLDL and chylomicrons with C14-C18 FAs as major contributors. Weak predictive associations were observed for HDL and Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) with C20-C24 FAs as contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chenchen Lin
- Fjordomics, Førde Hospital Trust, Førde, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Svein Are Mjøs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Martin Kvalheim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Faculty of Health Studies, Sogn og Fjordane University College, Førde, Norway
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Aadland E, Andersen JR, Anderssen SA, Kvalheim OM. Impact of physical activity and diet on lipoprotein particle concentrations in severely obese women participating in a 1-year lifestyle intervention. Clin Obes 2013; 3:202-13. [PMID: 25586737 DOI: 10.1111/cob.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Physical activity and high aerobic fitness protects against cardiovascular disease and early death, besides having a very modest impact on lipoprotein-cholesterol in obese subjects. Physical activity has been shown to favourably alter lipoprotein particle concentrations and apolipoprotein B with minimal weight loss in overweight to moderately obese subjects. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS We studied the impact of physical activity on lipoprotein subclass particle concentrations in women with severe obesity. Increased physical activity duration was associated with favourable changes, whereas increased PA intensity was associated with adverse changes in some lipoprotein particle subclasses in severely obese women. Severely obese women that manage to increase their physical activity level can improve their lipoprotein profile, whether or not they lose fat mass Physical activity (PA) and high aerobic fitness protects against cardiovascular disease and early death possibly among others because of an anti-atherogenic impact on lipoprotein particle concentrations. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of PA and diet on lipoprotein particle concentrations. Thirty-one severely obese women (age 43.6 ± 10.2 years; body mass index 43.0 ± 6.3 kg m(-2) ) participated in a 1-year lifestyle intervention with repeated measurements of lipoprotein particle subclass concentrations and size of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL), as well as fat mass, PA and diet. Multiple regression was used to determine associations with change (Δ) in two principal components (PCs) describing lipoprotein distributions: ΔPC 1 LIPO (dominated by VLDL and LDL) and ΔPC 2 LIPO (dominated by large HDL and mean HDL particle size). ΔPA duration was the only variable that was significantly related to ΔPC 1 LIPO (partial r = -0.40, P = 0.008), while ΔPA intensity was the only variable that was significantly related to ΔPC 2 LIPO (partial r = -0.43, P = 0.003) in adjusted models. Increased PA duration was associated with favourable changes, whereas increased PA intensity was associated with adverse changes in some lipoprotein particle subclasses in severely obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Aadland
- Faculty of Health Studies, Sogn og Fjordane University College, Førde, Norway
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Kallevik H, Hansen SB, Sæther Ø, Kvalheim OM, Sjöblom J. Crude Oil Model Emulsion Characterised by means of Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Techniques. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/01932690008913265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Liang Y, Kvalheim OM. Resolution of two-way data: theoretical background and practical problem-solving. Part 1: theoretical background and methodology. Fresenius J Anal Chem 2001; 370:694-704. [PMID: 11508458 DOI: 10.1007/s002160100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews recent progress in the resolution of two-way data obtained from hyphenated instruments. Special emphasis is placed on the solution of practical problems. Methods for estimating the number of chemical components both statistically and visually (the first step in solving the resolution problem) and methods for resolving the pure profiles (the second step in solving the resolution problem) are discussed in detail. To deal with real-world problems, pitfalls in the chemometric analysis of the two-way data from the instrumental measurements are also pointed out. Applications of methods for solving some difficult practical problems in environmental chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, and physical chemistry will be discussed in the second part of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China
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Midttun Ø, Kallevik H, Sjöblom J, Kvalheim OM. Multivariate Screening Analysis of Water-in-Oil Emulsions in High External Electric Fields as Studied by Means of Dielectric Time Domain Spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2000; 227:262-271. [PMID: 10873310 DOI: 10.1006/jcis.2000.6921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of crude oil resins with various polar characters on the stability of w/o model emulsions containing asphaltenes is investigated using a mixture design. The resins were extracted using an adsorption-desorption technique. One asphaltene fraction and four different resin fractions from one European crude oil were used. The stabilities are measured using time-domain dielectric spectroscopy in high external electric field. It is found that resins with different polar character have different effects on the emulsion stability. At asphaltene/resin ratios of 1 and 5 : 3 the resins in some cases lead to an emulsion stability higher than that of a similar emulsion stabilized by asphaltenes only, while at low asphaltene/resin ratios ( approximately 1 : 3) the emulsion stability is reduced by the resins. The effect on emulsion stability of combining two different resin fractions depended on the resin types combined as well as the relative amount of resins and asphaltenes. Also, an increase in the stability of some of the emulsions containing resins and asphaltenes for a period of 50-300 min after the emulsification was observed. This time-dependence of emulsion stability is attributed to the mobility of resins at the oil-water interface and the slow buildup of a stabilizing interfacial film consisting of resins and asphaltenes. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ø Midttun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Allégaten 41, Bergen, N-5007, Norway
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Fluge O, Gilje KS, Sletten E, Kvalheim OM, Skaarland E, Halvorsen JF, Farstad M, Sóreide O. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of serum from patients with colorectal neoplasia. Eur J Surg Oncol 1996; 22:78-83. [PMID: 8846874 DOI: 10.1016/s0748-7983(96)91682-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of serum have been recorded from patients with colorectal neoplastic polyps, before and after treatment of colorectal cancer, in patients with advanced lung cancer, and also from healthy controls. Digitally defined NMR profiles of the methyl and methylene peaks were used as input for supervised principal component modelling. An unknown sample was classified according to its residual, i.e. the difference between the spectral pattern of the unknown and control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean residual in the untreated colorectal cancer group and in controls (P = 0.003). The sensitivity of detecting untreated colorectal cancer was only 20%. There were no stage-dependent differences between the residuals within the untreated colorectal cancer group. After curative surgery, four patients had recurrence of malignant disease without an increase in residual prior to recurrence. Patients with advanced malignant disease (lung cancer WHO stage IIIB and IV) had a highly significant difference in mean residual from that of controls, with a sensitivity of detecting cancer of 87.5%. This increase in residual could not be explained by increase in the level of serum triglyceride. NMR spectroscopy was not a useful diagnostic tool in patients with colorectal neoplastic polyps and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Fluge
- Department of Oncology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
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Sletten E, Kvalheim OM, Kruse S, Farstad M, Søreide O. Detection of malignant tumours by multivariate analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectra of serum. Eur J Cancer 1990; 26:615-8. [PMID: 2144752 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(90)90091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectra of blood serum have been subjected to multivariate data analysis to discriminate between samples from cancer patients and from controls. The main feature was the use of digitally defined resonance profiles. The methyl and methylene lipoprotein signals centred at 1.3 and 0.9 parts per million are non-lorentzian composite peaks that cannot be described properly by the line width at half-height. Instead 71 and 76 data points were used to describe the methylene and methyl peak profiles, respectively. These data points were used as input to a principal component analysis to distinguish between malignant (n = 29) and control samples (n = 55). At a probability level of 0.01 (F-test) modelling classified all patients except 2 correctly, while 1 control was slightly above the predictive level for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sletten
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bergen, Norway
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