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Lewis G, Rowa-Dewar N, O’Donnell R. Stigma and Smoking in the Home: Parents' Accounts of Using Nicotine Replacement Therapy to Protect Their Children from Second-Hand Smoke. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E4345. [PMID: 32560517 PMCID: PMC7345858 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence and campaigns highlighting smoking and second-hand smoke risks have significantly reduced smoking prevalence and denormalised smoking in the home in Scotland. However, smoking prevalence remains disproportionally high in socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Using stigma as a theoretical lens, this article presents a thematic analysis of parents' accounts of attempting to abstain from smoking at home, using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), in disadvantaged areas of Edinburgh and the Lothians. Smoking stigma, particularly self-stigma, underpinned accounts, with two overarching themes: interplaying barriers and enablers for creation of a smoke-free home and reconceptualisation of the study as an opportunity to quit smoking. Personal motivation to abstain or stop smoking empowered participants to reduce or quit smoking to resist stigma. For those struggling to believe in their ability to stop smoking, stigma led to negative self-labelling. Previously hidden smoking in the home gradually emerged in accounts, suggesting that parents may fear disclosure of smoking in the home in societies where smoking stigma exists. This study suggests that stigma may act both as an enabler and barrier in this group. Reductions in smoking in the home were dependent on self-efficacy and motivations to abstain, and stigma was entwined in these beliefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lewis
- School of Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Neneh Rowa-Dewar
- USHER Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, H8 9AG, UK;
| | - Rachel O’Donnell
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK;
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Ye X, Huang J, Xia L, Xu X, Gong X, Xu Y. Setting-Specific and Symptom-Specific Association between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16071249. [PMID: 30965596 PMCID: PMC6479476 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16071249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have focused on the potential relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and depressive symptoms. This study aimed to explore the potential association between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms and differentiate this association in setting-specific exposure and symptom-specific outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangdong province of China from September to December 2010 using a multistage sampling method to randomly sample adults aged 18 years and older. SHS exposure was defined as inhalation by non-smokers of the smoke exhaled from smokers for at least 1 day a week in the past 30 days. Depressive symptoms were measured using the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire. The zero-inflate negative binomial regression models were used to explore the associations between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms. A total of 2771 non-smokers were included in this study, with mean age of 49.6 ± 14.0 years and 70.3% of females. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in participants with SHS exposure than in those without exposure (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16⁻1.51), and there were similar positive associations for SHS exposure in medical facilities (IRR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.17⁻1.61) and in schools (IRR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.20⁻1.77). Notably, there was a monotonically increasing dose-response relationship between frequency of SHS exposure and depressive symptoms. When differentiating this relationship by the dimensions of depressive symptoms, there were similar dose-response relationships for cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms. When differentiating this relationship by sex, only females showed a significant dose-response relationship. Our findings suggest dose-response relationships between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms in sex-specific and symptom-specific manners. Future longitudinal studies are needed to establish the biological mechanisms of the impact of SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ye
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China.
| | - Jingya Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China.
| | - Liang Xia
- Institute of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease and Control, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Institute of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease and Control, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Xiao Gong
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China.
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Institute of Chronic Noncommunicable Disease and Control, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
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Jung SJ, Shin A, Kang D. Active smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke and their relationship to depressive symptoms in the Korea national health and nutrition examination survey (KNHANES). BMC Public Health 2015; 15:1053. [PMID: 26468075 PMCID: PMC4606499 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between tobacco smoking, including secondhand smoking, and depression has been assessed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between secondhand smoking among current, former and never smokers and depressive symptoms. For secondhand smoking, gender differences and sources of exposure were examined. METHODS Data from 34,693 participants from the fourth and fifth Korean Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2007-2012) were analyzed in 2014. Self-reported exposure to active (current, former or never) and secondhand smoking and depressive symptoms experienced during the past year were analyzed using logistic regression. The dose-response relationship between duration of secondhand smoke exposure and depression was assessed with stratification by gender and sources of exposure (at home only, at the workplace only or both). RESULTS Regardless of their smoking status, all women who had secondhand smoke exposure at home reported more depressive symptoms than non-smoking women without any exposure to secondhand cigarette smoking (OR 1.43, 95 % CI 1.04-1.96 for current smokers; OR 2.32, 95 % CI 1.04-5.16 for former smokers; OR 1.25, 95 % CI 1.08-1.43 for never smokers). There was also a significant dose-response pattern (p-trend <0.001) for the duration of secondhand smoke exposure at home among women. No significant association was found between smoking and depressive symptoms in men. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant association between secondhand smoke exposure at home and depressive symptoms in women. Secondhand smoke exposure at home was associated with depressive symptoms in a dose-response manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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Greaves L. The meanings of smoking to women and their implications for cessation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:1449-65. [PMID: 25633033 PMCID: PMC4344676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120201449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Smoking cigarettes is a gendered activity with sex- and gender-specific uptake trends and cessation patterns. While global male smoking rates have peaked, female rates are set to escalate in the 21st century, especially in low and middle income countries. Hence, smoking cessation for women will be an ongoing issue and requires refreshed attention. Public health and health promotion messages are being challenged to be increasingly tailored, taking gender into account. Women-centred approaches that include harm-reduction, motivational interviewing and trauma-informed elements are the new frontiers in interventions to encourage smoking cessation for women. Such approaches are linked to the meanings of smoking to women, the adaptive function of, and the overall role of smoking cigarettes in the context of women’s lives. These approaches respect gender and sex-related factors that affect smoking and smoking cessation and respond to these issues, not by reinforcing destructive or negative gender norms, but with insight. This article discusses a women-centred approach to smoking cessation that could underpin initiatives in clinical, community or public health settings and could inform campaigns and messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine Greaves
- British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health, E311-4500 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada.
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Haines-Saah RJ, Kelly MT, Oliffe JL, Bottorff JL. Picture Me Smokefree: a qualitative study using social media and digital photography to engage young adults in tobacco reduction and cessation. J Med Internet Res 2015; 17:e27. [PMID: 25624064 PMCID: PMC4327185 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Young adults have high rates of tobacco use compared to other subpopulations, yet there are relatively few tobacco interventions specifically targeted to this group. Picture Me Smokefree is an online tobacco reduction and cessation intervention for young adults that uses digital photography and social networking. Objective The main goal of the project was to determine the feasibility of engaging young adults in participating in user-driven, online forums intended to provide peer support and motivate critical reflection about tobacco use and cessation among this high-use, hard-to-reach population. A related aim was to explore the influence of gender-related factors on participation, in order to determine the need for online interventions to be tailored to the specific gender preferences reflecting young men and women’s participation styles. Methods A total of 60 young adults ages 19-24 years who self-identified as current cigarette smokers or who had quit within the last year were recruited from across British Columbia, Canada, and participated in an online photo group on Facebook over a period of 12 consecutive weeks. A variety of data collection methods were used including tracking online activity, a brief online follow-up survey, and qualitative interviews with study participants. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics on recruitment, retention, and participation and qualitative (eg, narrative analysis, synthesis of feedback) feedback about participant engagement. Results Findings from this study suggest good potential for Facebook as an accessible, low-cost platform for engaging young adults to reflect on the reasons for their tobacco use, the benefits of quitting or reducing, and the best strategies for tobacco reduction. Young adults’ frequent use of mobile phones and other mobile devices to access social networking permitted ease of access and facilitated real-time peer-to-peer support across a diverse group of participants. However, our experience of conducting the study suggests that working with young tobacco users can be accompanied by considerable recruitment, participation, and retention challenges. Our findings also pointed to differences in how young women and men engaged the photo-group intervention that should be considered, bearing in mind that in follow-up interviews participants indicated their preference for a mixed gender and “gender neutral” group format. Conclusions Tobacco interventions for youth and young adults should be embedded within the existing social networking platforms they access most frequently, rather than designing a stand-alone online prevention or intervention resource. This subpopulation would likely benefit from tobacco reduction interventions that are gender-sensitive rather than gender-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Haines-Saah
- Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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Bottorff JL, Haines-Saah R, Kelly MT, Oliffe JL, Torchalla I, Poole N, Greaves L, Robinson CA, Ensom MHH, Okoli CTC, Phillips JC. Gender, smoking and tobacco reduction and cessation: a scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2014; 13:114. [PMID: 25495141 PMCID: PMC4297403 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-014-0114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerations of how gender-related factors influence smoking first appeared over 20 years ago in the work of critical and feminist scholars. This scholarship highlighted the need to consider the social and cultural context of women's tobacco use and the relationships between smoking and gender inequity. Parallel research on men's smoking and masculinities has only recently emerged with some attention being given to gender influences on men's tobacco use. Since that time, a multidisciplinary literature addressing women and men's tobacco use has spanned the social, psychological and medical sciences. To incorporate these gender-related factors into tobacco reduction and cessation interventions, our research team identified the need to clarify the current theoretical and methodological interpretations of gender within the context of tobacco research. To address this need a scoping review of the published literature was conducted focussing on tobacco reduction and cessation from the perspective of three aspects of gender: gender roles, gender identities, and gender relations. Findings of the review indicate that there is a need for greater clarity on how researchers define and conceptualize gender and its significance for tobacco control. Patterns and anomalies in the literature are described to guide the future development of interventions that are gender-sensitive and gender-specific. Three principles for including gender-related factors in tobacco reduction and cessation interventions were identified: a) the need to build upon solid conceptualizations of gender, b) the importance of including components that comprehensively address gender-related influences, and c) the importance of promoting gender equity and healthy gender norms, roles and relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan L Bottorff
- Institute for Healthy Living and Chronic Disease Prevention, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 2V7, Canada. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Haines-Saah
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 302-6190 Agronomy Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Mary T Kelly
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 302-6190 Agronomy Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - John L Oliffe
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 302-6190 Agronomy Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Iris Torchalla
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Room 620, 1081 Burrard Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 1Y6, Canada.
| | - Nancy Poole
- British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health, E311 - 4500 Oak Street, Box 48, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada.
| | - Lorraine Greaves
- British Columbia Centre of Excellence for Women's Health, E311 - 4500 Oak Street, Box 48, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada.
| | - Carole A Robinson
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Mary H H Ensom
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | - Chizimuzo T C Okoli
- College of Nursing, 315 College of Nursing Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0232, USA.
| | - J Craig Phillips
- RGN 3249A, School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Guidon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Fenton B, Thankappan KR, Champagne B, Lv J, Anthony D. Increased knowledge of the effects of smoking and second-hand smoke encourages smoke-free homes. J Res Nurs 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1744987114525963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish the drivers for smoke-free homes among current daily smokers. Design A cross-sectional study employing interviews (adults) and self-completed surveys (schoolchildren). Sample Children aged 12 and 14 in schools in four cities in China, India, Mexico and England. Adults in the community. Measurements Knowledge, attitude, beliefs and behaviour relevant to second-hand smoke in home. Intervention None. Results A total of 8994 adults and 14,756 children were surveyed. Knowledge of some of the effects of tobacco is high, but other effects are poorly understood in all cities. In Thiruvananthapuram, there is a lack of awareness of the addictiveness of tobacco, and Hangzhou has poor knowledge in general. Conclusions Messages about reducing tobacco usage are effective in support of smoke-free homes in the city with poorest knowledge (Hangzhou) but other factors are more important where knowledge is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Fenton
- Director, Community-based Research and Evaluation, MATRIX Public Health Solutions Inc., USA
| | - Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan
- Professor, Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, India
| | | | - Jun Lv
- Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, China
| | - Denis Anthony
- Statistical consultant, Oxford Health Alliance, UK; Chair in Applied Health Research, University of Leeds, UK
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Rowa-Dewar N, Ritchie D. Protecting children from smoking in the home: an ethics of care perspective. Br J Community Nurs 2014; 19:214, 216-8. [PMID: 24784555 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2014.19.5.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Community nurses are uniquely placed to help protect child health by facilitating the creation of smoke-free homes. However, there are a number of perceived barriers that may concern community nurses in their role of supporting parents in the creation of smoke-free homes, particularly those faced by disadvantaged parents. Arguments against intervening within the private domain of the home focus on concerns about protecting parents' autonomy to smoke within their own home and the potential for stigmatising parents who smoke, particularly mothers. Drawing on an ethics of care perspective, the authors propose an alternative perspective to the intervention in private settings. An ethics of care perspective may help to justify and encourage parents and community nurses to work in partnership to create a healthy environment for children and decrease the likelihood of children becoming smokers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Ritchie
- Honorary Fellow, Nursing Studies, School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh
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Can tobacco control be transformative? Reducing gender inequity and tobacco use among vulnerable populations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:792-803. [PMID: 24402065 PMCID: PMC3924474 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110100792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use and exposure is unequally distributed across populations and countries and among women and men. These trends and patterns reflect and cause gender and economic inequities along with negative health impacts. Despite a commitment to gender analysis in the preamble to Framework Convention on Tobacco Control there is much yet to be done to fully understand how gender operates in tobacco control. Policies, program and research in tobacco control need to not only integrate gender, but rather operationalize gender with the goal of transforming gender and social inequities in the course of tobacco control initiatives. Gender transformative tobacco control goes beyond gender sensitive efforts and challenges policy and program developers to apply gender theory in designing their initiatives, with the goal of changing negative gender and social norms and improving social, economic, health and social indicators along with tobacco reduction. This paper outlines what is needed to progress tobacco control in enhancing the status of gendered and vulnerable groups, with a view to reducing gender and social inequities due to tobacco use and exposure.
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Ritchie DD, Amos A, Shaw A, O'Donnell R, Semple S, Turner S, Martin C. How do policy advisors and practitioners prioritise the protection of children from secondhand smoke exposure in a country with advanced tobacco control policy? Tob Control 2013; 24:70-6. [PMID: 23956059 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim is to extend understanding of the policy and practice discourses that inform the development of national tobacco control policy to protect children from secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) in the home, particularly in a country with successful implementation of smoke-free public places legislation. The Scottish experience will contribute to the tobacco control community, particularly those countries at a similar level of tobacco control, as normalising discourses about protecting children from SHSE are becoming more widespread. DESIGN Case study design using qualitative interviews and focus groups (FGs) with policy makers, health and childcare practitioners during which they were presented with the findings of the Reducing Families' Exposure to Secondhand Smoke (REFRESH) intervention and discussed the implications for their policy and practice priorities. SETTING Scotland, UK PARTICIPANTS: Qualitative interviews and FGs were conducted with 30 policy makers and practitioners who were purposively recruited. RESULTS Participants accepted the harm of SHSE to children; however, action is limited by political expedience due to-the perception of a shift of the public health priority from smoking to alcohol, current financial constraints, more immediate child protection concerns and continuing unresolved ethical arguments. CONCLUSIONS In a country, such as Scotland, with advanced tobacco control strategies, there continue to be challenges to policy and practice development in the more contentious arena of the home. Children's SHSE in their homes is unequivocally accepted as an important health priority, but it is not currently perceived to be a top public health priority in Scotland.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Amos
- UK Centre for Tobacco Control Studies, Centre for Population Health Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Sean Semple
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Steve Turner
- Department of Child Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Claudia Martin
- Centre for Population Health Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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McEwen A, Hackshaw L, Jones L, Laverty L, Amos A, Robinson J. Evaluation of a programme to increase referrals to stop-smoking services using Children's Centres and smoke-free families schemes. Addiction 2012; 107 Suppl 2:8-17. [PMID: 23121355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.04081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a new service using referral liaison advisers to increase the number of referrals of parents/carers at selected Children's Centres to National Health Service (NHS) Stop Smoking Services (SSS) and/or smoke-free families schemes (SFS). DESIGN This mixed-methods pilot study collected numerical data on indicators of smoking behaviours and carried out face-to-face and telephone interviews. SETTINGS Thirteen Children's Centres in Liverpool and Nottingham using local providers of smoking cessation services, from September 2010 to April 2011. PARTICIPANTS Parents and carers registered with, and staff working for, Children's Centres. MEASURES Number of smokers referred to smoking cessation services and/or smoke-free family schemes and the views of service providers and users on the new service. FINDINGS In Liverpool, 181 referrals to NHS SSS were made from 331 identified smokers (54.7%); extrapolated to 12 months, this represents a 182% increase in referrals from baseline and a similar extrapolation indicates a 643% increase from baseline of referrals to smoke-free families schemes. There were no reliable baseline data for Nottingham; 31 referrals were made (30.7% of smokers) to SSS and 44 referrals to SFS from 52 contacts (84.6%). The interviews highlighted the need for sustained personal contact with parents/carers to discuss smoking behaviours and concerns and their willingness to be referred to SFS as part of caring for their child. CONCLUSIONS Routine recording of smoking status and appropriate follow-up by trained staff in Children's Centres can lead to significant numbers of clients attending stop-smoking services, although relatively few stop smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy McEwen
- Cancer Research UK Health Behaviour Research Centre, University College London, London, UK.
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12
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Rooke C, Amos A, Highet G, Hargreaves K. Smoking spaces and practices in pubs, bars and clubs: young adults and the English smokefree legislation. Health Place 2012; 19:108-15. [PMID: 23220373 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Young adulthood is an important but overlooked period in the development of smoking behaviour. We know little about the impact of smokefree policies on this group. In a secondary analysis of longitudinal, qualitative interview data we explore smoking practices in young adulthood, the role of smoking in the spaces of the night-time economy, and the impact of smokefree legislation. Participants carefully managed their smoking in different spaces in relation to the self they wished to present. This was shaped by the transitional nature of young adulthood. Smoking played a role in constructing time-out periods from the demands of everyday life in a similar way to alcohol use. The restrictions imposed by the smokefree legislation quickly became normal for most; however, the experience of smoking was influenced by the nature and quality of smoking spaces. The re-spatialisation of smoking necessitated by the smokefree legislation may reaffirm processes of social denormalisation and stigmatisation of smoking, whilst simultaneously allowing young adult smokers to produce, in some contexts, a positive, fun, sociable smoker identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Rooke
- UK Centre for Tobacco Studies, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK.
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13
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Betzner AE, Boyle RG, Luxenberg MG, Schillo BA, Keller PA, Rainey J, Capesius T, Saul JE. Experience of smokers and recent quitters with smokefree regulations and quitting. Am J Prev Med 2012; 43:S163-70. [PMID: 23079213 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bans on smoking in public areas have increased as knowledge of secondhand smoke dangers has grown. Restrictions on smoking in public areas may lead to less smoking and increased quitting. PURPOSE This study examines the experiences of smokers and recent quitters with local smokefree regulations to better understand the possible mechanisms by which smokefree regulations affect individual tobacco users' patterns of tobacco consumption and quitting. METHODS Fifteen in-depth interviews and thirteen focus groups were conducted with tobacco users and recent quitters formerly enrolled in cessation programs provided by ClearWay Minnesota(SM). Data were collected 3 months after smokefree legislation was adopted in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area in 2006, and were stratified by tobacco use status and strength of regulation. Essential themes were extracted using NVivo 8 software in 2011. RESULTS Study participants reported that smokefree legislation forced them to confront their addiction. They experienced apprehension, frustration, and panic anticipating smoking restrictions. This motivated some to attempt to quit, whereas others felt punished by and angry at government intrusion. Both current and former tobacco users felt smokefree regulations contributed to stigmatizing smokers. They also reported smokefree legislation reduced the temptation to smoke. The physical absence of cigarette smoke in bars and restaurants appeared to support quit attempts. The inconvenience of smoking outside was reported to have a similar effect. CONCLUSIONS Essential mechanisms by which bans influenced patterns of tobacco use and quitting include confronting addiction, temptation, inconvenience, and social norms. These findings highlight the success of tobacco control advocates in denormalizing tobacco use, and suggest that some tobacco users may be internalizing negative messages about tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Betzner
- Professional Data Analysts, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, USA.
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14
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Smoke-free environments: age, sex, and educational disparity in 25 Argentinean cities. Cancer Causes Control 2012; 23:1607-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-012-0038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rowa-Dewar N, Ritchie D. Smoking cessation for older people: neither too little nor too late. Br J Community Nurs 2010; 15:578-582. [PMID: 21240081 DOI: 10.12968/bjcn.2010.15.12.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Community nurses are uniquely placed to facilitate smoking cessation with older people. Older people who smoke in the home expose not only themselves to the many health risks associated with tobacco use but also partners, children and grandchildren through second-hand smoke. Yet research has found that community nurses have several concerns about raising the issue of smoking in the home with older people including taking away one of their few pleasures; fear that the damage is done; damaging the professional relationship and a lack of knowledge about smoking cessation advice and services. In this article the authors acknowledge and challenge these concerns to encourage community nurses to embed smoking cessation in their daily practice with older people.
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