1
|
Reynolds MM, Homan PA. Income Support Policy Packages and Birth Outcomes in U.S. States: An Ecological Analysis. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2023; 42:73. [PMID: 38213513 PMCID: PMC10783327 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-023-09797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Research suggests that generous social welfare programs play a role in maternal and child health. However, most studies examine a single policy in isolation. Drawing from research documenting low-income families 'packaging' of social policies, we create a novel measure summarizing the value of a collection of income support policies for the working poor. This collection includes: the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), the minimum wage, and the unemployment insurance (UI) program. Using U.S. state-level administrative data from 1996 to 2014, we estimate fixed effects regression models to examine the relationship between birth outcomes and income support policies (individually and combined). We find that increases in the combined value of the four income supports are significantly associated with reductions in preterm births and low birthweight births, but not infant mortality rates. States with the highest observed levels of combined income support had 14% fewer PTBs and 7% fewer LBWs than states with the lowest levels of income support. Of the four individual income support policies, only unemployment insurance has no significant independent effects. SNAP benefits have the largest and most consistent effects, reducing poor birth outcomes across all three indicators. An annual increase of $1000 in SNAP benefits is associated with a 3% decline in infant deaths, 5% decline in preterm births, and 2% decline in low birthweight births. These results suggest that increasing the generosity of income support policies may be a promising strategy for improving birth outcomes in the United States.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Reynolds
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84121, USA
| | - Patricia A. Homan
- Department of Sociology, Center for Demography and Population Health, Pepper Institute on Aging and Public Policy, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hao Y, Razman R. The association of socioeconomic status with sedentary behaviour and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity among children with intellectual disability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2022; 70:665-676. [PMID: 38983487 PMCID: PMC11229755 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2022.2133445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Background: While socioeconomic status (SES) has been shown to be an important determinant of sedentary behaviour (SB) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) in typically developing children, similar data on those with intellectual disability (ID) are lacking. This study explored the association of SES with SB and MVPA among Chinese children with ID. Method: Data were collected from 275 children aged 7-16 with mild to severe ID. Children's Leisure Activities Study Survey assessed SB and MVPA for a week. SES was assessed using the six indicators. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the associations of SES variables with SB and MVPA on schooldays and on weekends. Results: Parental education level was positively associated with SB on weekends, and MVPA on schooldays and weekends; family's combined annual income was positively associated MVPA on schooldays and weekends; parental occupation was positively associated with SB on schooldays and weekends; Family Affluence Scale was positively associated with SB on schooldays (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: SES plays a significant role in influencing SB and MVPA in children with ID. Results suggest that interventions should focus on increasing MVPA for children with lower SES, while families with higher SES should limit their children's SB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Hao
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rizal Razman
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hao Y, Razman R. Family factors associated with physical activity in children with intellectual disability: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES : JOID 2022:17446295221130913. [PMID: 36172939 DOI: 10.1177/17446295221130913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to explore the influence of family factors on physical activity in children with intellectual disability. How and what family factors that specifically influence physical activity has not been compiled and reviewed previously. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic search was performed for articles published in English and Chinese without any year limits in six databases. Ten studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. All studies were qualitatively integrated to identify and compare positive and negative family factors. A total of 1135 participants, of which 497 were children with intellectual disability while the other 638 participants were family members (parents, siblings and caregivers). The family factors of 6 themes and 18 sub-themes (10 positive, 7 negative and 1 inconclusive factors) were extracted. Overall, these results highlight the importance of encouragement, support and involvement by family members, concurrently it points out that parental psychological factors, socioeconomic status, responsibilities and electronic devices could both promote and hinder engagement in physical activity for children with intellectual disability. The findings accentuate the role of the family unit in helping determine the activity levels of children with intellectual disability. Future studies should include a wider range of participants and be longitudinal in nature, utilizing more accurate monitoring tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Hao
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, 37447University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rizal Razman
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, 37447University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rising childhood income inequality and declining Americans' health. Soc Sci Med 2022; 303:115016. [PMID: 35567904 PMCID: PMC9750155 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality are on the rise among Baby Boomers and younger cohorts. This study investigates whether this unfavorable health trend across birth cohorts 1925-1999 is related to rising income inequality Americans face during childhood. We use two nationally representative datasets: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 1988-2018 and Panel Studies of Income Dynamics (PSID) 1968-2013, and two health outcomes: biomarkers of physiological dysregulation, and a chronic disease index. Childhood income inequality is measured by the average of the Gini index at the national level each birth cohort is exposed to between birth and age 18, where the Gini index from 1925 to 2016 is computed based on Internal Revenue Service income data. By merging childhood income inequality to individual level data from NHANES or PSID based on birth cohort, we find childhood income inequality is positively associated with the risk of physiological dysregulation in adulthood for all gender and racial groups in the NHANES data. It is also significantly related to the risk of chronic disease in the PSID data. This association is robust to controls for individual level childhood health and family background, adulthood socioeconomic and marital status, and contemporary macro socioeconomic factors. More importantly, childhood income inequality exposure explains a substantial amount of variation in these two health outcomes across cohorts, a pattern not observed for other early life exposures that display negative temporal trends similar to those for childhood income inequality. This study provides important evidence that income inequality experienced during childhood may have a long-lasting negative consequence for adult health, which partially explains the adverse health trends experienced by Baby Boomers and younger cohorts in the United States.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sukkarieh O, Egede LE, Bassil M. Relationship between material needs security and clinical outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes in Lebanon. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 186:109818. [PMID: 35247523 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite their documented significance in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) management, social determinants of health (SDOHs) including material needs security are poorly studied in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study aims to assess the relation between material needs security and clinical outcomes in Lebanese adults with T2DM. METHODS Subjects with T2DM (n = 300) were recruited; demographic and material need variables were collected using self-reported questionnaires. Measured clinical outcomes included Hemoglobin A1c (A1C), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Regression models were used to examine associations between material needs security and clinical outcomes, controlling for relevant confounding variables. RESULTS Most of the participants were men, married and with lower education levels. Having higher material needs security and being employed predicted better A1C levels (p < 0.05), whereas male sex was associated with poorer A1C(β = 0.52, p = 0.03) and DBP(β = 3.06, p = 0.05). Other predictors of DBP included older age and lack of confidence in filling out medical forms, reflecting lower health literacy. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of material needs in achieving optimal T2DM outcomes T2DM in the MENA region. Further research is needed to understand potential pathways/mechanisms and options for effective interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ola Sukkarieh
- AliceRamez Chagoury School of Nursing, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Leonard E Egede
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Maya Bassil
- Departmet of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Human Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng H, Echave P. Zheng and Echave Respond to "Population Health in Peril". Am J Epidemiol 2021; 190:2260-2261. [PMID: 34236418 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
7
|
Tessler RA, Langton L, Rivara FP, Vavilala MS, Rowhani-Rahbar A. Differences by Victim Race and Ethnicity in Race- and Ethnicity-Motivated Violent Bias Crimes: A National Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:6297-6318. [PMID: 30556489 PMCID: PMC6579725 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518818428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Over 80% of bias-motivated violent victimization is motivated by race or ethnicity and over 50% of bias victimization occurs in non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Our aim was to determine the risk and health impacts of race/ethnicity-motivated violent victimization by victim race/ethnicity. We examined data from the National Crime Victimization Survey (2003-2015) to estimate violent victimization risk by victim race/ethnicity across race/ethnicity bias victimization, other types of bias victimizations, and non-bias violent victimizations. We examined incident and offender characteristics for race/ethnicity-motivated victimization by victim race/ethnicity. The risk of race/ethnicity-motivated violent victimization was greater for non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB) and Hispanics than for NHWs (incidence rate ratios [IRR] = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.0, 2.0], and IRR = 1.6; 95% CI = [1.2, 2.1]). This translates into an additional 46.7 incidents per 100,000 person-years (95% CI = [1.4, 92.1]) for the NHB population and an additional 60.3 incidents per 100,000 person-years (95% CI = [20.3, 100.4]) for the Hispanic population. Violent incidents for NHB victims more frequently resulted in injury or medical care. Nearly 40% of NHB victims reported difficulties at school or work related to the incident where only 21.5% of NHWs and 11.7% of Hispanic victims reported similar problems. Roughly 37% of NHB victims identified a NHW offender and 45% of NHW victims identified a NHB offender. Hispanic victims identified NHB or NHW offenders in over 70% of incidents. Although literature suggests that NHWs account for the majority of bias victimizations, the risk of non-fatal violent victimization motivated by race/ethnicity is greater for NHBs and Hispanics. Crimes perpetrated against NHBs are likely more severe and victim/offender racial incongruity is common. Findings provide empiric evidence on race/ethnicity-related structural disadvantage with adverse health consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Tessler
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center
- Department of Surgery, UCSF East Bay
| | - Lynn Langton
- Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, United States
| | - Frederick P. Rivara
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington
| | - Monica S. Vavilala
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington
| | - Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zheng H, Dirlam J, Echave P. Divergent Trends in the Effects of Early Life Factors on Adult Health. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2020; 40:1119-1148. [DOI: 10.1007/s11113-020-09602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
9
|
Courtney-Long EA, Romano SD, Carroll DD, Fox MH. Socioeconomic Factors at the Intersection of Race and Ethnicity Influencing Health Risks for People with Disabilities. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2017; 4:213-222. [PMID: 27059052 PMCID: PMC5055843 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People with disabilities are known to experience disparities in behavioral health risk factors including smoking and obesity. What is unknown is how disability, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status combine to affect prevalence of these health behaviors. We assessed the association between race/ethnicity, socioeconomic factors (income and education), and disability on two behavioral health risk factors. METHODS Data from the 2007-2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to determine prevalence of cigarette smoking and obesity by disability status, further stratified by race and ethnicity as well as income and education. Logistic regression was used to determine associations of income and education with the two behavioral health risk factors, stratified by race and ethnicity. RESULTS Prevalence of disability by race and ethnicity ranged from 10.1 % of Asian adults to 31.0 % of American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) adults. Smoking prevalence increased with decreasing levels of income and education for most racial and ethnic groups, with over half of white (52.4 %) and AIAN adults (59.3 %) with less than a high school education reporting current smoking. Education was inversely associated with obesity among white, black, and Hispanic adults with a disability. CONCLUSION Smoking and obesity varied by race and ethnicity and socioeconomic factors (income and education) among people with disabilities. Our findings suggest that disparities experienced by adults with disabilities may be compounded by disparities associated with race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors. This knowledge may help programs in formulating health promotion strategies targeting people at increased risk for smoking and obesity, inclusive of those with disabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Courtney-Long
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop E-88, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA.
| | - Sebastian D Romano
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellowship with the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd, NE MS E-97, Atlanta, GA, 30333, USA
| | - Dianna D Carroll
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop E-88, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA
- Commissioned Corps, U.S. Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael H Fox
- Division of Human Development and Disability, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, Mailstop E-88, Atlanta, GA, 30341-3717, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Canedo JR, Miller ST, Schlundt D, Fadden MK, Sanderson M. Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Diabetes Quality of Care: the Role of Healthcare Access and Socioeconomic Status. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2017; 5:7-14. [PMID: 28078660 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-016-0335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians are disproportionately affected by diabetes. We assessed the state of racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes quality of care in the USA. METHODS We analyzed cross-sectional data of adults diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes in the nationally representative 2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Differences in adherence to five diabetes quality of care recommendations (HbA1c twice yearly, yearly foot exam, dilated eye exam, blood cholesterol test, and flu vaccination) were examined by race/ethnicity while controlling for three social determinants of health (health insurance status, poverty, and education) and other demographic variables. RESULTS Among adults with diabetes in the USA, 74.9% received two or more HbA1c tests, 69.0% had a foot exam, 64.9% had an eye exam, 85.4% had a cholesterol test, and 65.1% received flu vaccination in 2013. Compared to Whites, all were lower for Hispanics; HbA1c tests, eye exam, and flu vaccination were lower for Blacks; HbA1c tests, foot exam, and eye exam were lower for Asians. In adjusted models, the only remaining disparities in quality of care indicators were HbA1c tests for Hispanics (AOR 0.67, CI = 0.47-0.97), Blacks (AOR 0.59, CI = 0.40-0.88), and Asians (AOR 0.47, CI = 0.42-0.99); foot exams for Hispanics (AOR 0.65, CI = 0.47-0.90); and flu vaccination for Blacks (AOR 0.68, CI = 0.49-0.93). CONCLUSION Lack of insurance coverage and education explained some of the racial/ethnic disparities observed in diabetes quality of care. Improving quality of diabetes care could help reduce rates of diabetes complications, healthcare costs, and mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan R Canedo
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA.
| | - Stephania T Miller
- Department of Surgery, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - David Schlundt
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA
| | - Mary K Fadden
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Maureen Sanderson
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B. Todd Jr. Blvd, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sugisawa H, Harada K, Sugihara Y, Yanagisawa S, Shinmei M. Socioeconomic status and self-rated health of Japanese people, based on age, cohort, and period. Popul Health Metr 2016; 14:27. [PMID: 27489510 PMCID: PMC4971645 DOI: 10.1186/s12963-016-0095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Differences in health resulting from differences in socioeconomic status (SES) have been identified around the world. Age, period, and cohort (A-P-C) differences in health are vital factors which are associated with disparities in SES. However, few studies have examined these differences simultaneously. Moreover, although self-rated health (SRH) has been frequently used as an indicator of health, biases in reporting SRH that depend on the socioeconomic characteristics of respondents have been scarcely adjusted in the previous studies. To overcome these limitations, we investigated the associations between disparities in SES and adjusted SRH based on A-P-C, by using a repeated, cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of Japanese people. In addition, we further investigated how exogenous (macroeconomic) conditions unique to a period or cohort would explain trends across successive periods and cohorts. Methods Data were obtained from a sample of 653,132 Japanese people that responded to the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions (CSLC), which is a cross-sectional survey that had been conducted every three years from 1986 to 2013, on over 10 occasions. In the CSLC, SES has been assessed by household income. We simultaneously controlled for each A-P-C dimension by using the model for cross-classification of random effects, and adjusting SRH data for reporting biases caused by differences in income and A-P-C. Results Differences in adjusted SRH associated with income differences decreased with age and reversed after 76 years of age. Period differences indicated that income differences peaked in 1992 and 2007. Moreover, differences in adjusted SRH associated with income differences decreased in periods with high unemployment across all periods. Furthermore, there were no cohort differences in adjusted SRH that were associated with income differences. Conclusion In Japan, there are age and period variations associated with adjusted differences in SRH as assessed by income. Moreover, exogenous conditions in each period could help explain periodic trends across successive periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Sugisawa
- Graduate School of Gerontology, J. F. Oberlin University, 3758 Tokiwa-machi, Machida-shi, Tokyo, 194-0294 Japan
| | - Ken Harada
- Jissen Women's University, 1-1-49 Higashi, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8538 Japan
| | - Yoko Sugihara
- Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 192-0397 Japan
| | - Shizuko Yanagisawa
- Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 770-8503 Japan
| | - Masaya Shinmei
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-0015 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Introduction. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2015; 53:vii-xii. [DOI: 10.1097/aia.0000000000000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Goulden R, Ibrahim T, Wolfson C. Is high socioeconomic status a risk factor for multiple sclerosis? A systematic review. Eur J Neurol 2014; 22:899-911. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Goulden
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
- Newcastle Medical School; Newcastle University; Newcastle UK
| | - T. Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | - C. Wolfson
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
- Department of Medicine; McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Clark ML, Utz SW. Social determinants of type 2 diabetes and health in the United States. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:296-304. [PMID: 24936251 PMCID: PMC4058734 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i3.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. To date, most research and resulting clinical strategies have focused on the individual with short-term health improvements that have not been maintained over time. Researchers more recently have recognized the need to consider the social determinants of diabetes and health along with individual factors. The purpose of this literature review is to examine current understanding of the social determinants affecting diabetes and health. A search of medical and nursing literature was conducted using PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases, selecting articles published between 2000 and 2013. Search terms included: type 2 diabetes, social determinants, and health determinants. Inclusion criteria were: English language, human studies, social determinants of diabetes and health, and research in the United States. Additional search methods included reference chaining of the literature. Twenty research articles met the inclusion criteria for the review and analysis and included quantitative and qualitative methods. All studies selected for this review were descriptive in nature (n = 20). Fifteen studies were quantitative studies and five were qualitative studies. No intervention studies met inclusion criteria. Each study is summarized and critiqued. Study findings indicate that external or upstream factors consistently affect individuals diagnosed with diabetes, influencing self-management. Significant methodological limitations result directly from small sample sizes, convenience or nonprobability sampling, and low statistical power.
Collapse
|
15
|
|