1
|
Olstad K, Bugge MD, Ytrehus B, Kallerud AS. Closure of the neuro-central synchondrosis and other physes in foal cervical spines. Equine Vet J 2024. [PMID: 38594893 DOI: 10.1111/evj.14093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuro-central synchondrosis (NCS) is a physis responsible for the growth of the dorsal third of the vertebral body and neural arches. When the NCS of pigs is tethered to model scoliosis, stenosis also ensues. It is necessary to describe the NCS for future evaluation of its potential role in equine spinal cord compression and ataxia (wobbler syndrome). OBJECTIVES To describe the NCS, including when it and other physes closed in computed tomographic (CT) scans of the cervical spine of foals, due to its potential role in vertebral stenosis. STUDY DESIGN Post-mortem cohort study. METHODS The cervical spine of 35 cases, comprising both sexes and miscellaneous breeds from 153 gestational days to 438 days old, was examined with CT and physes scored from 6: fully open to 0: fully closed. The dorsal physis, physis of the dens and mid-NCS were scored separately, whereas the cranial and caudal NCS portions were scored together with the respective cranial and caudal vertebral body physes. RESULTS The NCS was a pair of thin physes located in a predominantly dorsal plane between the vertebral body and neural arches. The mid-NCS was closed in C1 from 115 days of age, and in C2-C7 from 38 days of age. The dorsal physis closed later than the NCS in C1, and earlier than the NCS in C2-C7. The dens physis was closed from 227 days of age. The cranial and caudal physes were closing, but not closed from different ages in the different vertebrae of the oldest cases. MAIN LIMITATIONS Hospital population. CONCLUSIONS The NCS was a thin physis that contributed mainly to height-wise growth, but also width- and length-wise growth of the vertebral body and neural arches. The mid-NCS was closed in all cervical vertebrae from 115 days of age. The NCS warrants further investigation in the pathogenesis of vertebral stenosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Olstad
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Mari Dahl Bugge
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Ytrehus
- Department of Biomedical Science and Veterinary Public Health, Pathology Unit, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne Selvén Kallerud
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Equine Section, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Olstad K, Aasmundstad T, Kongsro J, Grindflek E. Osteochondrosis and other lesions in all intervertebral, articular process and rib joints from occiput to sacrum in pigs with poor back conformation, and relationship to juvenile kyphosis. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:44. [PMID: 35042517 PMCID: PMC8764802 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate body composition and limb osteochondrosis in selection of breeding boars. Pigs also develop heritably predisposed abnormal curvature of the spine including juvenile kyphosis. It has been suggested that osteochondrosis-like changes cause vertebral wedging and kyphosis, both of which are identifiable by CT. The aim of the current study was to examine the spine from occiput to sacrum to map changes and evaluate relationships, especially whether osteochondrosis caused juvenile kyphosis, in which case CT could be used in selection against it. Whole-body CT scans were collected retrospectively from 37 Landrace or Duroc boars with poor back conformation scores. Spine curvature and vertebral shape were evaluated, and all inter-vertebral, articular process and rib joints from the occiput to the sacrum were assessed for osteochondrosis and other lesions. Results Twenty-seven of the 37 (73%) pigs had normal spine curvature, whereas 10/37 (27%) pigs had abnormal curvature and all of them had wedge vertebrae. The 37 pigs had 875 focal lesions in articular process and rib joints, 98.5% of which represented stages of osteochondrosis. Five of the 37 pigs had focal lesions in other parts of vertebrae, mainly consisting of vertebral body osteochondrosis. The 10 pigs with abnormal curvature had 21 wedge vertebrae, comprising 10 vertebrae without focal lesions, six ventral wedge vertebrae with ventral osteochondrosis lesions and five dorsal wedge vertebrae with lesions in the neuro-central synchondrosis, articular process or rib joints. Conclusions Computed tomography was suited for identification of wedge vertebrae, and kyphosis was due to ventral wedge vertebrae compatible with heritably predisposed vertebral body osteochondrosis. Articular process and rib joint osteochondrosis may represent incidental findings in wedge vertebrae. The role of the neuro-central synchondrosis in the pathogenesis of vertebral wedging warrants further investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-03091-6.
Collapse
|
3
|
Induction of a representative idiopathic-like scoliosis in a porcine model using a multidirectional dynamic spring-based system. Spine J 2021; 21:1376-1386. [PMID: 33757871 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Scoliosis is a 3D deformity of the spine in which vertebral rotation plays an important role. However, no treatment strategy currently exists that primarily applies a continuous rotational moment over a long period of time to the spine, while preserving its mobility. We developed a dynamic, torsional device that can be inserted with standard posterior instrumentation. The feasibility of this implant to rotate the spine and preserve motion was tested in growing mini-pigs. PURPOSE To test the quality and feasibility of the torsional device to induce the typical axial rotation of scoliosis while maintaining growth and mobility of the spine. STUDY DESIGN Preclinical animal study with 14 male, 7 month old Gottingen mini-pigs. Comparison of two scoliosis induction methods, with and without the torsional device, with respect to 3D deformity and maintenance of the scoliosis after removal of the implants. METHODS Fourteen mini-pigs received either a unilateral tether-only (n=6) or a tether combined with a contralateral torsional device (n=8). X-rays and CT-scans were made post-operative, at 8 weeks and at 12 weeks. Flexibility of the spine was assessed at 12 weeks. In 3 mini-pigs per condition, the implants were removed and the animals were followed until no further correction was expected. RESULTS At 12 weeks the tether-only group yielded a coronal Cobb angle of 16.8±3.3°For the tether combined with the torsional device this was 22.0±4.0°. The most prominent difference at 12 weeks was the axial rotation with 3.6±2.8° for the tether-only group compared to 18.1±4.6° for the tether-torsion group. Spinal growth and flexibility remained normal and comparable for both groups. After removal of the devices, the induced scoliosis reduced by 41% in both groups. There were no adverse tissue reactions, implant complications or infections. CONCLUSION The present study indicates the ability of the torsional device combined with a tether to induce a flexible idiopathic-like scoliosis in mini-pigs. The torsional device was necessary to induce the typical axial rotation found in human scoliosis. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The investigated torsional device could induce apical rotation in a flexible and growing spine. Whether this may be used to reduce a scoliotic deformity remains to be investigated.
Collapse
|
4
|
Amundson LA, Crenshaw TD. Lessons learned from the hypovitaminosis D kyphotic pig model. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:S52-S57. [PMID: 32810238 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Amundson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI.,Research and Nutritional Services, Zinpro Corporation, Eden Prairie, MN
| | - Thomas D Crenshaw
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lalande V, Villemure I, Parent S, Aubin CÉ. Induced pressures on the epiphyseal growth plate with non segmental anterior spine tethering. Spine Deform 2020; 8:585-589. [PMID: 32096137 DOI: 10.1007/s43390-020-00070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Experimental biomechanical study of pressures exerted on the epiphyseal growth plates (GP) in tethered porcine cadaveric spines. OBJECTIVES To experimentally measure the pressure exerted on the vertebral end plates of a tethered porcine spine model. Flexible spine tethering is a novel fusionless surgical technique that aims to correct scoliotic deformities based on growth modulation due to the pressure exerted on vertebral body epiphyseal GP. The applied pressure resulting from spine tethering remains not well documented. METHODS The ligamentous thoracic segment (T1-T14) of four 3-months old Duroc Landrace pigs (female; 22 kg, range: 18-27 kg) was positioned in lateral decubitus in a custom-made stand. Vertebra T14 was clamped but the remaining spine was free to slide horizontally. For every specimen, six configurations were tested: three or five instrumented motion segments (T5-T10 or T7-T10) with applied compression of 22, 44 or 66 N. The pressure generated on the GPs in the tethered side was measured with a thin force sensor slid either at the proximal, apex or distal levels. The data were analyzed with an ANOVA. RESULTS The pressure was significantly different between three and five instrumented motion segments (averages of 0.76 MPa ± 0.03 and 0.60 MPa ± 0.03, respectively; p < 0.05), but the pressure exerted on each GP along the instrumented spine was not significantly different for a given number of instrumented levels. The pressure was linearly correlated to the tether tension. CONCLUSIONS Non segmental anterior spine tethering induced similar pressures on every instrumented level regardless of the number of instrumented levels, with 21% lesser pressures with 5 motion segments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Lalande
- Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Isabelle Villemure
- Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stefan Parent
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Carl-Éric Aubin
- Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, Canada. .,CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada. .,Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Halanski MA, Hildahl B, Amundson LA, Leiferman E, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A, Chaudhary R, Hartwig-Stokes HM, McCabe R, Lenhart R, Chin M, Birstler J, Crenshaw TD. Maternal Diets Deficient in Vitamin D Increase the Risk of Kyphosis in Offspring: A Novel Kyphotic Porcine Model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2018; 100:406-415. [PMID: 29509618 PMCID: PMC6818982 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.17.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to explore the role of perinatal vitamin-D intake on the development and characterization of hyperkyphosis in a porcine model. METHODS The spines of 16 pigs were assessed at 9, 13, and 17 weeks of age with radiography and at 17 weeks with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histology, and bone-density testing. An additional 169 pigs exposed to 1 of 3 maternal dietary vitamin-D levels from conception through the entire lactation period were fed 1 of 4 nursery diets supplying different levels of vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus. When the animals were 13 weeks of age, upright lateral spinal radiography was performed with use of a custom porcine lift and sagittal Cobb angles were measured in triplicate to determine the degree of kyphosis in each pig. RESULTS The experimental animals had significantly greater kyphotic sagittal Cobb angles at all time points when compared with the control animals. These hyperkyphotic deformities demonstrated no significant differences in Hounsfield units, contained a slightly lower ash content (46.7% ± 1.1% compared with 50.9% ± 1.6%; p < 0.001), and demonstrated more physeal irregularities. Linear mixed model analysis of the measured kyphosis demonstrated that maternal diet had a greater effect on sagittal Cobb angle than did nursery diet and that postnatal supplementation did not completely eliminate the risk of hyperkyphosis. CONCLUSIONS Maternal diets deficient in vitamin D increased the development of hyperkyphosis in offspring in this model. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study demonstrates that decreased maternal dietary vitamin-D intake during pregnancy increases the risk of spinal deformity in offspring. In addition, these data show the feasibility of generating a large-animal spinal-deformity model through dietary manipulation alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Halanski
- Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (M.A.H., B.H., E.L., R.C., H.M.H.-S., R.M., and R.L.) and Animal Sciences (L.A.A. and T.D.C.), Comparative Pathology Laboratory (A.G.-F.), and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (J.B.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin,E-mail address for M.A. Halanski:
| | - Blake Hildahl
- Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (M.A.H., B.H., E.L., R.C., H.M.H.-S., R.M., and R.L.) and Animal Sciences (L.A.A. and T.D.C.), Comparative Pathology Laboratory (A.G.-F.), and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (J.B.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Laura A. Amundson
- Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (M.A.H., B.H., E.L., R.C., H.M.H.-S., R.M., and R.L.) and Animal Sciences (L.A.A. and T.D.C.), Comparative Pathology Laboratory (A.G.-F.), and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (J.B.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ellen Leiferman
- Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (M.A.H., B.H., E.L., R.C., H.M.H.-S., R.M., and R.L.) and Animal Sciences (L.A.A. and T.D.C.), Comparative Pathology Laboratory (A.G.-F.), and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (J.B.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Annette Gendron-Fitzpatrick
- Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (M.A.H., B.H., E.L., R.C., H.M.H.-S., R.M., and R.L.) and Animal Sciences (L.A.A. and T.D.C.), Comparative Pathology Laboratory (A.G.-F.), and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (J.B.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rajeev Chaudhary
- Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (M.A.H., B.H., E.L., R.C., H.M.H.-S., R.M., and R.L.) and Animal Sciences (L.A.A. and T.D.C.), Comparative Pathology Laboratory (A.G.-F.), and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (J.B.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Heather M. Hartwig-Stokes
- Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (M.A.H., B.H., E.L., R.C., H.M.H.-S., R.M., and R.L.) and Animal Sciences (L.A.A. and T.D.C.), Comparative Pathology Laboratory (A.G.-F.), and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (J.B.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ronald McCabe
- Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (M.A.H., B.H., E.L., R.C., H.M.H.-S., R.M., and R.L.) and Animal Sciences (L.A.A. and T.D.C.), Comparative Pathology Laboratory (A.G.-F.), and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (J.B.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Rachel Lenhart
- Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (M.A.H., B.H., E.L., R.C., H.M.H.-S., R.M., and R.L.) and Animal Sciences (L.A.A. and T.D.C.), Comparative Pathology Laboratory (A.G.-F.), and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (J.B.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Matthew Chin
- Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical Center, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
| | - Jennifer Birstler
- Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (M.A.H., B.H., E.L., R.C., H.M.H.-S., R.M., and R.L.) and Animal Sciences (L.A.A. and T.D.C.), Comparative Pathology Laboratory (A.G.-F.), and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (J.B.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Thomas D. Crenshaw
- Departments of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation (M.A.H., B.H., E.L., R.C., H.M.H.-S., R.M., and R.L.) and Animal Sciences (L.A.A. and T.D.C.), Comparative Pathology Laboratory (A.G.-F.), and Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (J.B.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin,Swine Research and Teaching Center, Arlington, Wisconsin,E-mail address for T.D. Crenshaw:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barrios C, Lloris JM, Alonso J, Maruenda B, Burgos J, Llombart-Blanco R, Gil L, Bisbal V. Novel porcine experimental model of severe progressive thoracic scoliosis with compensatory curves induced by interpedicular bent rigid temporary tethering. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:174-182. [PMID: 28548698 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Using flexible tethering techniques, porcine models of experimental scoliosis have shown scoliotic curves with vertebral wedging but very limited axial rotation. The aim of this experimental work was to induce a severe progressive scoliosis in a growing porcine model for research purposes. A unilateral spinal bent rigid tether was anchored to two ipsilateral pedicle screws in eight pigs. The spinal tether was removed after 8 weeks. Ten weeks later, the animals were sacrificed. Conventional radiographs and 3D CT-scans were taken to evaluate changes in the alignment of the thoracic spine. After the first 8 weeks of rigid tethering, all animals developed scoliotic curves (mean Cobb angle: 24.3°). Once the interpedicular tether was removed, the scoliotic curves progressed in all animals during 10 weeks reaching a mean Cobb angle of 49.9°. The sagittal alignment of the thoracic spine showed loss of physiologic kyphosis (Mean: -18.3°). Axial rotation ranged from 10° to 49° (Mean 25.7°). Release of the spinal tether results in progression of the deformity with the development of proximal and distal compensatory curves. In conclusion, temporary interpedicular tethering at the thoracic spine induces severe scoliotic curves in pigs, with significant wedging and rotation of the vertebral bodies, and true compensatory curves. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The tether release model will be used to evaluate corrective non-fusion technologies in future investigations. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:174-182, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Barrios
- lnstitute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Valencia Catholic University, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miguel Lloris
- Department of Surgery, Valencia University Medical School, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Alonso
- lnstitute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Valencia Catholic University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Borja Maruenda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Burgos
- Division of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Gil
- lnstitute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Valencia Catholic University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Viviana Bisbal
- Animal Facility Services, Prince Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cachon T, Pillard P, Odent T, Carozzo C, Viguier E. Safe corridor for the implantation of thoracolumbar pedicle screws in growing pigs: A morphometric study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184857. [PMID: 29059193 PMCID: PMC5653201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pig spine is widely used as a large animal model for preclinical research in human medicine to test new spinal implants and surgical procedures. Among them, pedicle screw is one of the most common method of fixation of those implants. However, the pedicle of the porcine vertebra is not as well defined and not as large as the pedicle of the human vertebra. Therefore, the position of the screw should be adapted to the pig and not merely transposed based on the literature on humans. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of the optimum implantation corridors for pedicle screws in the thoracolumbar spine of piglets of different ages using computed tomography (CT) and to determine the size and length of these corridors in pigs of different ages. CT scans from five groups of age: 6, 10, 14, 18, and 26 weeks were reviewed. For each thoracolumbar vertebrae, the pedicle width, pedicle axis length, and the pedicle angle was measured for the left and right pedicle. A total of 326 thoracic vertebrae and 126 lumbar vertebrae were included in the study. Pedicles are statistically larger but not longer for the lumbar vertebrae. An important variation of the pedicle angle is observed along the spine. In all pigs, an abrupt modification of the pedicle angle between T10 and T11 was observed, which corresponds to the level of the anticlinal vertebra which is the vertebra for which the spinous process is nearly perpendicular to the vertebral body. In conclusion, this study provides a quantitative database of pedicle screw implantation corridors in pigs of different ages. When using pedicle screws in experimental studies in pigs, these results should be considered for selecting the most suitable implants for the study but also to ensure a correct and safer screw position. Improving study procedures may limit postoperative complications and pain, thereby limiting the use of live animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Cachon
- Unité ICE (USPS 2016-A104.) Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon-VetAgro-Sup, MARCY L’ETOILE, FRANCE
- * E-mail:
| | - Paul Pillard
- Unité ICE (USPS 2016-A104.) Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon-VetAgro-Sup, MARCY L’ETOILE, FRANCE
| | - Thierry Odent
- CHU Tours - Hôpital d'enfants Clocheville- Service de Chirurgie Orthopédique pédiatrique, TOURS, FRANCE
| | - Claude Carozzo
- Unité ICE (USPS 2016-A104.) Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon-VetAgro-Sup, MARCY L’ETOILE, FRANCE
| | - Eric Viguier
- Unité ICE (USPS 2016-A104.) Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon-VetAgro-Sup, MARCY L’ETOILE, FRANCE
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Porcine spine finite element model: a complementary tool to experimental scoliosis fusionless instrumentation. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2017; 26:1610-1617. [DOI: 10.1007/s00586-016-4940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Bogie R, Roth AK, Willems PC, Weegen W, Arts JJ, van Rhijn LW. The Development of a Representative Porcine Early-Onset Scoliosis Model With a Standalone Posterior Spinal Tether. Spine Deform 2017; 5:2-10. [PMID: 28038690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jspd.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN In vivo analysis in a porcine model. OBJECTIVES To develop a porcine experimental scoliosis model representative of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) with the use of a radiopaque ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) posterior spinal tether. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Large animal experimental scoliosis models with substantial growth potential are needed to test new fusionless scoliosis correction techniques. Previously described scoliosis models involve rib procedures, which violate the thoracic cage and affect subsequent corrective procedures. Models omitting these rib procedures have experienced difficulties in producing persistent three-dimensional structural deformities representative of EOS. METHODS Scoliosis was induced in 14 immature pigs using an asymmetric posterior radiopaque UHMWPE spinal tether fixated to an offset device at lumbar and thoracic levels. Radiographs were taken at 2-week intervals, and frontal and sagittal Cobb angles were measured. A tether release was performed at the 10-week follow-up, and the animals were observed for another 10 weeks. RESULTS Four animals had complications (infections and/or screw breakout) and were excluded from the study. Eight animals developed progressive curves with a mean frontal Cobb angle of 62°. A thoracic lordosis (34°) and a thoracolumbar kyphosis (22°) formed. CT analysis, acquired prior to tether release, showed a mean vertebral rotation of 37° at the apex with a mean vertebral wedge angle of 10°. After tether release, the frontal Cobb angles decreased to 46° at the 20-week follow-up. Sagittal curvature was not substantially affected after tether release. CONCLUSIONS We describe a large animal scoliosis model, which exhibits a substantial deformity in three planes without the use of rib procedures additional to a posterior spinal tether. The created deformities showed persistence after tether release. With the management of infection and enhancement of instrumentation stability, the creation of a valid model for testing new devices in fusionless scoliosis surgery seems feasible. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bogie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI school for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Anna Hospital, Geldrop, the Netherlands.
| | - A K Roth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI school for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - P C Willems
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI school for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - W Weegen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, St. Anna Hospital, Geldrop, the Netherlands
| | - J J Arts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI school for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - L W van Rhijn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CAPHRI school for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Le Cann S, Cachon T, Viguier E, Miladi L, Odent T, Rossi JM, Chabrand P. Pedicle Screw Fixation Study in Immature Porcine Spines to Improve Pullout Resistance during Animal Testing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127463. [PMID: 26451947 PMCID: PMC4599826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine model is frequently used during development and validation of new spinal devices, because of its likeness to the human spine. These spinal devices are frequently composed of pedicle screws with a reputation for stable fixation but which can suffer pullouts during preclinical implantation on young animals, leading to high morbidity. With a view to identifying the best choices to optimize pedicle screw fixation in the porcine model, this study evaluates ex vivo the impact of weight (age) of the animal, the level of the vertebrae (lumbar or thoracic) and the type of screw anchorage (mono- or bi-cortical) on pedicle screw pullouts. Among the 80 pig vertebrae (90- and 140-day-old) tested in this study, the average screw pullout forces ranged between 419.9N and 1341.2N. In addition, statistical differences were found between test groups, pointing out the influence of the three parameters stated above. We found that the the more caudally the screws are positioned (lumbar level), the greater their pullout resistance is, moreover, screw stability increases with the age, and finally, the screws implanted with a mono-cortical anchorage sustained lower pullout forces than those implanted with a bi-cortical anchorage. We conclude that the best anchorage can be obtained with older animals, using a lumbar fixation and long screws traversing the vertebra and inducing bi-cortical anchorage. In very young animals, pedicle screw fixations need to be bi-cortical and more numerous to prevent pullout.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Le Cann
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
- EUROS, Z.E. Athélia III, 824 Voie Antiope, 13600, La Ciotat, France
- APHM, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Institute for Locomotion, 13009, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Thibaut Cachon
- ICE UPSP, VetAgro Sup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Eric Viguier
- ICE UPSP, VetAgro Sup, Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, University of Lyon, F-69280, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Lotfi Miladi
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Odent
- Hôpital Universitaire Necker Enfants malades, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Faculté de médecine Paris Descartes, Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Rossi
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
- APHM, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Institute for Locomotion, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Chabrand
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
- APHM, Hôpital Sainte-Marguerite, Institute for Locomotion, 13009, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Novel radiopaque ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene sublaminar wires in a growth-guidance system for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis: feasibility in a large animal study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2014; 39:E1503-9. [PMID: 25417826 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000000637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN In vivo analysis in an ovine model. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of radiopaque ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) sublaminar wires in a growth-guidance spinal system by assessing stability, biocompatibility, and growth potential. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Several growth-guidance systems have been developed for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis. The use of gliding pedicle screws and metal sublaminar wires during these procedures can cause metal-on-metal debris formation and neurological deficits. Novel radiopaque UHMWPE wires are introduced to safely facilitate longitudinal growth and provide stability in a growth-guidance system for early-onset scoliosis. METHODS Twelve immature sheep received posterior segmental spinal instrumentation; pedicle screws were inserted at L5 and radiopaque UHMWPE (bismuth trioxide) wires were passed sublaminarly at each level between L3 and T12 and fixed to dual cobalt-chromium rods. Four age-matched animals that were not operated were evaluated to serve as a control group. Radiographs were obtained to measure growth of the instrumented segment. After 24 weeks, the animals were killed and the spines were harvested for histological evaluation and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomographic analysis. RESULTS No neurological deficits occurred and all instrumentation remained stable. One animal died from an unknown cause. Substantial growth occurred in the instrumented segments (L5-T11) in the intervention group (27 ± 2 mm), which was not significantly different to the control group, (30 ± 4 mm, P = 0.42). High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomographic analysis clearly showed safe routing and fixation of the UHMWPE wires and instrumentation. Despite the noted growth, ectopic bone formation with the formation of bony bridges was observed in all animals. Histology revealed no evidence of chronic inflammation or wear debris. CONCLUSION This study shows the first results of radiopaque UHMWPE sublaminar wires as part of a growth-guidance spinal system. UHMWPE sublaminar wires facilitated near-normal longitudinal spinal growth. All instrumentation remained stable throughout follow-up; no wire breakage or loosening occurred and no adverse local-tissue response to these wires was observed. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE N/A.
Collapse
|
13
|
Pillard P, Cachon T, Carozzo C, Fau D, Odent T, Viguier E. Computed tomography morphometric analysis of porcine spinal growth for scoliosis model development. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2014; 17 Suppl 1:64-5. [DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2014.931126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
14
|
Lamartina C, Barbagallo GMV. Spine surgery and clinical research in Italy. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2013; 22 Suppl 6:S793-4. [PMID: 24061979 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-013-3033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Lamartina
- II Spine Surgery, IRCSS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Riccardo Galeazzi, 4, 20161, Milan, Italy,
| | | |
Collapse
|