1
|
Alfonso M, Llombart R, Gil L, Martinez I, Rodríguez C, Álvarez L, Gallego J. Tumor ablation and vertebral augmentation in the treatment of vertebral metastases: A multicenter study. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2023; 67:480-486. [PMID: 37084999 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of metastatic vertebral fractures without neural compression is performed with percutaneous cementation techniques. The increase in intratumoral pressure by these techniques can send tumor cells into the bloodstream. To prevent this dissemination and improve pain treatment, ablation techniques have been introduced that would allow the creation of a cavity in the tumor prior to cementation or directly necrosing the metastasis when its size is small. MATERIAL We present the experience with ablation of two hospitals and two different ablation techniques. The first group used radiofrequency ablation (A) in 14 patients (26 vertebrae), 4 of whom underwent vertebral arthrodesis. The second group used microwave ablation (B) in 93 patients (129 lesions) without associated vertebral instrumentation. RESULTS In group A pain improvement in VAS was 7.7-2.6 at 6 weeks. There were no complications derived from the ablation. In most cases cementation was associated. In the group B pain improvement in VAS went from 6.8-1.7 at 6 weeks. Cementation was associated in all cases. There were no complications derived from the ablation. CONCLUSION The association of ablation techniques with vertebral cementation is a safe technique that significantly improves the patient's pain and can help control the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alfonso
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España.
| | - R Llombart
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - L Gil
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - I Martinez
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - C Rodríguez
- Neurorradiologia Intervencionista. Grupo Quirón Hospitales, Madrid, España
| | - L Álvarez
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España
| | - J Gallego
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología. Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, España
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alfonso M, Llombart R, Gil L, Martinez I, Rodríguez C, Álvarez L, Gallego J. [Translated article] Tumor ablation and vertebral augmentation in the treatment of vertebral metastases: A multicenter study. Rev Esp Cir Ortop Traumatol (Engl Ed) 2023; 67:S480-S486. [PMID: 37541348 DOI: 10.1016/j.recot.2023.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of metastatic vertebral fractures without neural compression is performed with percutaneous cementation techniques. The increase in intratumoral pressure by these techniques can send tumor cells into the bloodstream. To prevent this dissemination and improve pain treatment, ablation techniques have been introduced that would allow the creation of a cavity in the tumor prior to cementation or directly necrosing the metastasis when its size is small. MATERIAL We present the experience with ablation of two hospitals and two different ablation techniques. The first group used radiofrequency ablation (A) in 14 patients (26 vertebrae), 4 of whom underwent vertebral arthrodesis. The second group used microwave ablation (B) in 93 patients (129 lesions) without associated vertebral instrumentation. RESULTS In group A pain improvement in VAS was 7.7-2.6 at 6 weeks. There were no complications derived from the ablation. In most cases cementation was associated. In the group B pain improvement in VAS went from 6.8 to 1.7 at 6 weeks. Cementation was associated in all cases. There were no complications derived from the ablation. CONCLUSION The association of ablation techniques with vertebral cementation is a safe technique that significantly improves the patient's pain and can help control the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alfonso
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - R Llombart
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - L Gil
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - I Martinez
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - C Rodríguez
- Neurorradiologia Intervencionista, Grupo Quirón Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Álvarez
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Gallego
- Departamento de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gil L. Self-adaptation of networks of nonidentical pulse-coupled excitatory and inhibitory oscillators in the presence of distance-related delays to achieve frequency synchronization. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:034211. [PMID: 37849137 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.034211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
We show that a network of nonidentical nodes, with excitable dynamics, pulse-coupled, with coupling delays depending on the Euclidean distance between nodes, is able to adapt the topology of its connections to obtain spike frequency synchronization. The adapted network exhibits remarkable properties: sparse, anticluster, necessary presence of a minimum of inhibitory nodes, predominance of connections from inhibitory nodes over those from excitatory nodes, and finally spontaneous spatial structuring of the inhibitory projections: the furthest are the most intense. In a second step, we discuss the possible implications of our findings to neural systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gil
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Physique de Nice, 17 rue Julien Lauprêtre, 06200 Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Macaya-Sanz D, Witzell J, Collada C, Gil L, Martín JA. Core endophytic mycobiome in Ulmus minor and its relation to Dutch elm disease resistance. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1125942. [PMID: 36925756 PMCID: PMC10011445 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1125942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The core microbiota of plants exerts key effects on plant performance and resilience to stress. The aim of this study was to identify the core endophytic mycobiome in U. minor stems and disentangle associations between its composition and the resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED). We also defined its spatial variation within the tree and among distant tree populations. Stem samples were taken i) from different heights of the crown of a 168-year-old elm tree, ii) from adult elm trees growing in a common garden and representing a gradient of resistance to DED, and iii) from trees growing in two distant natural populations, one of them with varying degrees of vitality. Endophyte composition was profiled by high throughput sequencing of the first internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1) of the ribosomal DNA. Three families of yeasts (Buckleyzymaceae, Trichomeriaceae and Bulleraceae) were associated to DED-resistant hosts. A small proportion (10%) of endophytic OTUs was almost ubiquitous throughout the crown while tree colonization by most fungal taxa followed stochastic patterns. A clear distinction in endophyte composition was found between geographical locations. By combining all surveys, we found evidence of a U. minor core mycobiome, pervasive within the tree and ubiquitous across locations, genotypes and health status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Macaya-Sanz
- Departamento de Ecología y Genética Forestal, Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR-INIA), CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johanna Witzell
- Department of Forestry and Wood Technology, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Carmen Collada
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería (ETSI) Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería (ETSI) Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A. Martín
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería (ETSI) Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Viezzer E, Austin M, Bernert M, Burrell K, Cano-Megias P, Chen X, Cruz-Zabala D, Coda S, Faitsch M, Fevrier O, Gil L, Giroud C, Happel T, Harrer G, Hubbard A, Hughes J, Kallenbach A, Labit B, Merle A, Meyer H, Paz-Soldan C, Oyola P, Sauter O, Siccinio M, Silvagni D, Solano E. Prospects of core–edge integrated no-ELM and small-ELM scenarios for future fusion devices. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
6
|
Balakrishnan A, Jah A, Lesurtel M, Andersson B, Gibbs P, Harper SJF, Huguet EL, Kosmoliaptsis V, Liau SS, Praseedom RK, Ramia JM, Branes A, Lendoire J, Maithel S, Serrablo A, Achalandabaso M, Adham M, Ahmet A, Al-Sarireh B, Albiol Quer M, Alconchel F, Alejandro R, Alsammani M, Alseidi A, Anand A, Anselmo A, Antonakis P, Arabadzhieva E, de Aretxabala X, Aroori S, Ashley S, Ausania F, Banerjee A, Barabino M, Bartlett A, Bartsch F, Belli A, Beristain-Hernandez J, Berrevoet F, Bhatti A, Bhojwani R, Bjornsson B, Blaz T, Byrne M, Calvo M, Castellanos J, Castro M, Cavallucci D, Chang D, Christodoulis G, Ciacio O, Clavien P, Coker A, Conde-Rodriguez M, D'Amico F, D'Hondt M, Daams F, Dasari B, De Beillis M, de Meijer V, Dede K, Deiro G, Delgado F, Desai G, Di Gioia A, Di Martino M, Dixon M, Dorovinis P, Dumitrascu T, Ebata T, Eilard M, Erdmann J, Erkan M, Famularo S, Felli E, Fergadi M, Fernandez G, Fox A, Galodha S, Galun D, Ganandha S, Garcia R, Gemenetzis G, Giannone F, Gil L, Giorgakis E, Giovinazzo F, Giuffrida M, Giuliani T, Giuliante F, Gkekas I, Goel M, Goh B, Gomes A, Gruenberger T, Guevara O, Gulla A, Gupta A, Gupta R, Hakeem A, Hamid H, Heinrich S, Helton S, Heumann A, Higuchi R, Hughes D, Inarejos B, Ivanecz A, Iwao Y, Iype S, Jaen I, Jie M, Jones R, Kacirek K, Kalayarasan R, Kaldarov A, Kaman L, Kanhere H, Kapoor V, Karanicolas P, Karayiannakis A, Kausar A, Khan Z, Kim DS, Klose J, Knowles B, Koh P, Kolodziejczyk P, Komorowski A, Koong J, Kozyrin I, Krishna A, Kron P, Kumar N, van Laarhoven S, Lakhey P, Lanari J, Laurenzi A, Leow V, Limbu Y, Liu YB, Lob S, Lolis E, Lopez-Lopez V, Lozano R, Lundgren L, Machairas M, Magouliotis D, Mahamid A, Malde D, Malek A, Malik H, Malleo G, Marino M, Mayo S, Mazzola M, Memeo R, Menon K, Menzulin R, Mohan R, Morgul H, Moris D, Mulita F, Muttillo E, Nahm C, Nandasena M, Nashidengo P, Nickkholgh A, Nikov A, Noel C, O'Reilly D, O'Rourke T, Ohtsuka M, Omoshoro-Jones J, Pandanaboyana S, Pararas N, Patel R, Patkar S, Peng J, Perfecto A, Perinel J, Perivoliotis K, Perra T, Phan M, Piccolo G, Porcu A, Primavesi F, Primrose J, Pueyo-Periz E, Radenkovic D, Rammohan A, Rowcroft A, Sakata J, Saladino E, Schena C, Scholer A, Schwarz C, Serrano P, Silva M, Soreide K, Sparrelid E, Stattner S, Sturesson C, Sugiura T, Sumo M, Sutcliffe R, Teh C, Teo J, Tepetes K, Thapa P, Thepbunchonchai A, Torres J, Torres O, Torzili G, Tovikkai C, Troncoso A, Tsoulfas G, Tuzuher A, Tzimas G, Umar G, Urbani L, Vanagas T, Varga, Velayutham V, Vigano L, Wakai T, Yang Z, Yip V, Zacharoulis D, Zakharov E, Zimmitti G. Heterogeneity of management practices surrounding operable gallbladder cancer - results of the OMEGA-S international HPB surgical survey. HPB (Oxford) 2022; 24:2006-2012. [PMID: 35922277 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is an aggressive, uncommon malignancy, with variation in operative approaches adopted across centres and few large-scale studies to guide practice. We aimed to identify the extent of heterogeneity in GBC internationally to better inform the need for future multicentre studies. METHODS A 34-question online survey was disseminated to members of the European-African Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (EAHPBA), American Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (AHPBA) and Asia-Pacific Hepatopancreatobiliary Association (A-PHPBA) regarding practices around diagnostic workup, operative approach, utilization of neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies and surveillance strategies. RESULTS Two hundred and three surgeons responded from 51 countries. High liver resection volume units (>50 resections/year) organised HPB multidisciplinary team discussion of GBCs more commonly than those with low volumes (p < 0.0001). Management practices exhibited areas of heterogeneity, particularly around operative extent. Contrary to consensus guidelines, anatomical liver resections were favoured over non-anatomical resections for T3 tumours and above, lymphadenectomy extent was lower than recommended, and a minority of respondents still routinely excised the common bile duct or port sites. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest some similarities in the management of GBC internationally, but also specific areas of practice which differed from published guidelines. Transcontinental collaborative studies on GBC are necessary to establish evidence-based practice to minimise variation and optimise outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Balakrishnan
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Asif Jah
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mickael Lesurtel
- Department of HPB Surgery and Liver Transplantation, Beaujon Hospital, University of Paris Cité, 100 Bd du Général Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France
| | - Bodil Andersson
- Department of Surgery, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul Gibbs
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J F Harper
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel L Huguet
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Siong S Liau
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Raaj K Praseedom
- Department of HPB Surgery, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Ramia
- Department of Surgery, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Avenida Pintor Baeza, 12 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Alejandro Branes
- Department of HPB Surgery, Hospital Sotero del Rio, Av. Concha y Toro 3459, Puente Alto, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Javier Lendoire
- Department of Surgery, University of Buenos Aires, Hospital Dr Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shishir Maithel
- Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322 USA
| | - Alejandro Serrablo
- Department of HPB Surgery, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sobrino-Plata J, Martínez-Arias C, Ormeño-Moncalvillo S, Fernández I, Collada C, Gil L, Pieterse CMJ, Martín JA. No priming, just fighting-endophytic yeast attenuates the defense response and the stress induced by Dutch elm disease in Ulmus minor Mill. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:2086-2099. [PMID: 35708521 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One century after the first report of Dutch elm disease (DED), there is still no practical solution for this problem threatening European and American elms (Ulmus spp.). The long breeding cycles needed to select resistant genotypes and the lack of efficient treatments keep disease incidence at high levels. In this work, the expression of defense-related genes to the causal agent of DED, Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier, was analyzed in in vitro clonal plantlets from two DED-resistant and two DED-susceptible Ulmus minor Mill. trees. In addition, the effect of the inoculation of an endophytic pink-pigmented yeast (Cystobasidium sp.) on the plant's defense system was tested both individually and in combination with O. novo-ulmi. The multifactorial nature of the resistance to DED was confirmed, as no common molecular response was found in the two resistant genotypes. However, the in vitro experimental system allowed discrimination of the susceptible from the resistant genotypes, showing higher levels of oxidative damage and phenolic compounds in the susceptible genotypes after pathogen inoculation. Inoculation of the endophyte before O. novo-ulmi attenuated the plant molecular response induced by the pathogen and moderated oxidative stress levels. Niche competition, endophyte-pathogen antagonism and molecular crosstalk between the host and the endophyte are discussed as possible mechanisms of stress reduction. In sum, our results confirm the complex and heterogeneous nature of DED resistance mechanisms and highlight the possibility of using certain endophytic yeasts as biological tools to improve tree resilience against biotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sobrino-Plata
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de CC. Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Martínez-Arias
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - S Ormeño-Moncalvillo
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Fernández
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA-CSIC), Cordel de Merinas 40-52, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - C Collada
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - L Gil
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C M J Pieterse
- Plant-Microbe Interactions, Department of Biology, Science4Life, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J A Martín
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sardinha M, Simão D, Gil L, Spencer A, Reis A, Leão J, Montenegro A, Ferreira R, Furtado I, Verdasca F, Escaleira R, Miguens M, Winckler P, Luz R. P-191 Ampullary neoplasms – how to treat in real-world practice? A retrospective study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.04.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
9
|
Rubio-Cuadrado Á, Camarero JJ, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Perea R, Gómez C, Montes F, Gil L. Impact of successive spring frosts on leaf phenology and radial growth in three deciduous tree species with contrasting climate requirements in central Spain. Tree Physiol 2021; 41:2279-2292. [PMID: 34046675 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rear-edge tree populations forming the equatorward limit of distribution of temperate species are assumed to be more adapted to climate variability than central (core) populations. However, climate is expected to become more variable and the frequency of climate extremes is forecasted to increase. Climatic extreme events such as heat waves, dry spells and spring frosts could become more frequent, and negatively impact and jeopardize rear-edge stands. To evaluate these ideas, we analyzed the growth response of trees to successive spring frosts in a mixed forest, where two temperate deciduous species, Fagus sylvatica L. (European beech) and Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl. (sessile oak), both at their southernmost edge, coexist with the Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica Willd. (Pyrenean oak). Growth reductions in spring-frost years ranked across species as F. sylvatica > Q. petraea > Q. pyrenaica. Leaf flushing occurred earlier in F. sylvatica and later in Q. pyrenaica, suggesting that leaf phenology was a strong determinant of spring frost damage and stem growth reduction. The frost impact depended on prior climate conditions, since warmer days prior to frost occurrence predisposed to frost damage. Autumn Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data showed delayed leaf senescence in spring-frost years and subsequent years as compared with pre-frost years. In the studied forest, the negative impact of spring frosts on Q. petraea and especially on F. sylvatica growth, was considerably higher than the impacts due to drought. The succession of four spring frosts in the last two decades determined a trend of decreasing resistance of radial growth to frosts in F. sylvatica. The increased frequency of spring frosts might prevent the expansion and persistence of F. sylvatica in this rear-edge Mediterranean population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Rubio-Cuadrado
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J Julio Camarero
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC), Avda Montañana 1005, Zaragoza 50080, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ramón Perea
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez
- iuFOR-EiFAB, Campus Duques de Soria, Universidad de Valladolid, Soria 42004, Spain
| | - Fernando Montes
- INIA, Forest Research Centre, Department of Silviculture and Forest Management, Crta La Coruña km 7.5, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, c/ José Antonio Novais, 10, Madrid 28040, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gil L. Optimally frequency-synchronized networks of nonidentical Kuramoto oscillators. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:044211. [PMID: 34781506 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.044211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Based on a local greedy numerical algorithm, we compute the topology of weighted, directed, and unlimited extension networks of nonidentical Kuramoto oscillators which simultaneously satisfy two criteria: (i) global frequency synchronization and (ii) minimum total mass of the connection weights. This problem has been the subject of many previous interesting studies; in the present paper, no a priori constraint is imposed, either on the form or on the dynamics of the connections. The results are surprising: the optimal networks turn out to be strongly symmetric, to be very economical, and to display a strong rich club structure, and in addition to the already reported strong correlation between natural frequencies and the weight of incoming connections we also observe a correlation, even more marked, between these same natural frequencies and the weight of outgoing connections. The latter result is at odds with theoretical predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gil
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI), Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Averbuch D, De Greef J, Duréault A, Wendel L, Tridello G, Lebeaux D, Mikulska M, Gil L, Knelange N, Zuckerman T, Roussel X, Robin C, Xhaard A, Aljurf M, Beguin Y, Le Bourgeois A, Botella-Garcia C, Khanna N, Van Praet J, Kröger N, Blijlevens N, Ducastelle Leprêtre S, Ho A, Roos-Weil D, Yeshurun M, Lortholary O, Fontanet A, de la Camara R, Coussement J, Maertens J, Styczynski J. Nocardia infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: a multicenter international retrospective study of the Infectious Diseases Working Party (IDWP) of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Clin Infect Dis 2021; 75:88-97. [PMID: 34596213 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nocardiosis is rare after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Little is known regarding its presentation, management, and outcome in this population. METHODS In this retrospective international study, we reviewed nocardiosis episodes in HCT recipients (01.01.2000-31.12.2018; 135 transplant centers; 33 countries) and described their clinical, microbiological, radiological, and outcome characteristics. RESULTS We identified 81 nocardiosis episodes in 74 allo- and 7 auto-HCT recipients. Nocardiosis occurred at a median of 8 (IQR 4-18) months post-HCT. The most frequently involved organs were lungs (70/81; 86%) and brain (30/81; 37%); 29 (36%) patients were afebrile; 46/81 (57%) had disseminated infections. The most common lung imaging findings were consolidations (33/68; 49%) or nodules (32/68; 47%); and brain imaging findings were multiple brain abscesses (19/30; 63%). 10/30 (33%) patients with brain involvement lacked neurological symptoms. 14/48 (29%) patients were bacteremic. N. farcinica was the most common among molecularly identified species (27%, 12/44). Highest susceptibility rates were reported to linezolid 45/45 (100%), amikacin 56/57 (98%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 57/63 (90%), and imipenem 49/57 (86%).One-year and last follow-up (IQR: 4-42.5 months) all-cause mortality were 40% (32/81) and 52% (42/81), respectively. In the multivariable analysis, underlying disease not in complete remission (HR 2.81, 95%CI 1.32-5.95), and prior bacterial infection (HR 3.42, 95%CI 1.62-7.22) were associated with higher one-year all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS Nocardiosis is a late post-HCT infection usually manifesting as a pulmonary disease with frequent dissemination, brain infection and bacteremia. Brain imaging should be performed in HCT recipients with nocardiosis regardless of neurological symptoms. Overall mortality is high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Averbuch
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - J De Greef
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Duréault
- Centre d'Infectiologie Necker Pasteur, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, APHP, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - L Wendel
- EBMT Data Office, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - G Tridello
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - D Lebeaux
- Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France.,Service de Microbiologie, Unité Mobile d'Infectiologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 20 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, Paris, France
| | - M Mikulska
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Genoa and Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - L Gil
- University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - X Roussel
- University hospital of Besançon, hematology department, Besançon, France
| | - C Robin
- Henri Mondor University Hospital, Creteil, France
| | - A Xhaard
- Hematology-transplantation, Hospital St-Louis, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - M Aljurf
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Y Beguin
- CHU of Liège and University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | | | - N Khanna
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology. University and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Van Praet
- Department of Nephrology and Infectious Diseases, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Brugge, Belgium
| | - N Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Blijlevens
- Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - A Ho
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - D Roos-Weil
- Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - M Yeshurun
- Institution of Hematology, Rabin medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel and Sacker School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - O Lortholary
- Paris University, Necker Pasteur Center for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, IHU Imagine, Necker Enfants malades University Hospital, Paris, France.,National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Molecular Mycology Unit, CNRS UMR 2000, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - A Fontanet
- Institut Pasteur, Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Global Health Department, Paris, France.,PACRI Unit, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | | | - J Coussement
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,National Centre for Infection in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Maertens
- Department of Haematology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Styczynski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vega C, Valbuena-Carabaña M, Gil L, Fernández V. Water Sorption and Desorption of Isolated Cuticles From Three Woody Species With Focus on Ilex aquifolium. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:728627. [PMID: 34671373 PMCID: PMC8522496 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.728627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cuticle is a lipid-rich layer that protects aerial plant organs against multiple stress factors such as dehydration. In this study, cuticle composition and structure in relation to water loss are examined in a broad ecophysiological context, taking into consideration leaf age and side from Ilex aquifolium (holly) in comparison with Eucalyptus globulus (eucalypt) and Prunus laurocerasus (cherry laurel). Enzymatically isolated cuticular membranes from holly leaves were studied under three treatment conditions: natural (no chemical treatment), after dewaxing, and after methanolysis, and the rate of water loss was assessed. Structural and chemical changes were evaluated using different microscopy techniques and by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The potential mechanisms of solute absorption by holly leaves were additionally evaluated, also testing if its prickly leaf margin may facilitate uptake. The results indicate that the treatment conditions led to structural changes, and that chemical composition was hardly affected because of the occurrence of cutan. Structural changes led to more hydrophilic adaxial surfaces, which retained more water and were more efficient than natural cuticles, while changes were not significant for abaxial surfaces. Across natural cuticles, age was a significant factor for eucalypt but not for holly. Young eucalypt cuticles were the group that absorbed more water and had the lowest water loss rate. When comparing older leaf cuticles of the three species, cherry laurel was found to absorb more water, which was, however, lost more slowly, compared with the other species. Evidence was gained that holly leaves can absorb foliar-applied solutes (traced after calcium chloride application) through the adaxial and abaxial surfaces, the adaxial mid veins, and to a lower extent, the spines. In conclusion, for the species examined, the results show variations in leaf cuticle composition and structure in relation to leaf ontogeny, and water sorption and desorption capacity.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wysocka-Słowik A, Gil L, Ślebioda Z, Dorocka-Bobkowska B. Oral complaints in patients with acute myeloid leukemia treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2021; 26:e642-e650. [PMID: 34162819 PMCID: PMC8412454 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia belongs to proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system. It is currently the leading indication for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This study was designed to determine the most common subjective oral mucosa complaints in patients with acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, in relation to the type of conditioning used. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia were assigned to two groups depending on the intensity of the conditioning regimen before transplantation: myeloablative and reduced-intensity chemotherapy. The oral symptoms were evaluated based on an authorial questionnaire designed for this analysis. The following oral mucosa subjective complaints were included: pain, paraesthesia, burning mouth sensation, taste disorders, excessive salivation, halitosis, and dryness of the oral mucosa. RESULTS The most commonly reported subjective oral complaint in the examined patients was xerostomia, which was found in 92% of patients during the second visit, followed by spontaneous pain in the mouth (55%), burning (36%), and dysgeusia (20%). It occurred significantly more frequently in patients who underwent myeloablative conditioning. Moreover, it was observed that the frequency of complaints increased considerably after the transplantation, reaching a peak intensity during the second week following the procedure. CONCLUSIONS Oral complaints significantly decrease the patients' quality of life during the transplantation and may lead to premature termination of the treatment. As the number of transplantations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia increases, further investigations of oral complaints and symptoms induced by the disease itself and by the therapeutic approaches are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Wysocka-Słowik
- Department of Gerodontology and Oral Pathology Poznan University of Medical Sciences Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martínez-Arias C, Sobrino-Plata J, Gil L, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Martín JA. Priming of Plant Defenses against Ophiostoma novo-ulmi by Elm ( Ulmus minor Mill.) Fungal Endophytes. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:687. [PMID: 34575725 PMCID: PMC8469682 DOI: 10.3390/jof7090687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Some fungal endophytes of forest trees are recognized as beneficial symbionts against stresses. In previous works, two elm endophytes from the classes Cystobasidiomycetes and Eurotiomycetes promoted host resistance to abiotic stress, and another elm endophyte from Dothideomycetes enhanced host resistance to Dutch elm disease (DED). Here, we hypothesize that the combined effect of these endophytes activate the plant immune and/or antioxidant system, leading to a defense priming and/or increased oxidative protection when exposed to the DED pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. To test this hypothesis, the short-term defense gene activation and antioxidant response were evaluated in DED-susceptible (MDV1) and DED-resistant (VAD2 and MDV2.3) Ulmus minor genotypes inoculated with O. novo-ulmi, as well as two weeks earlier with a mixture of the above-mentioned endophytes. Endophyte inoculation induced a generalized transient defense activation mediated primarily by salicylic acid (SA). Subsequent pathogen inoculation resulted in a primed defense response of variable intensity among genotypes. Genotypes MDV1 and VAD2 displayed a defense priming driven by SA, jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET), causing a reduced pathogen spread in MDV1. Meanwhile, the genotype MDV2.3 showed lower defense priming but a stronger and earlier antioxidant response. The defense priming stimulated by elm fungal endophytes broadens our current knowledge of the ecological functions of endophytic fungi in forest trees and opens new prospects for their use in the biocontrol of plant diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Martínez-Arias
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.S.-P.); (L.G.); (J.R.-C.); (J.A.M.)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Martín JA, Domínguez J, Solla A, Brasier CM, Webber JF, Santini A, Martínez-Arias C, Bernier L, Gil L. Complexities underlying the breeding and deployment of Dutch elm disease resistant elms. New For (Dordr) 2021; 54:661-696. [PMID: 37361260 PMCID: PMC10287581 DOI: 10.1007/s11056-021-09865-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Dutch elm disease (DED) is a vascular wilt disease caused by the pathogens Ophiostoma ulmi and Ophiostoma novo-ulmi with multiple ecological phases including pathogenic (xylem), saprotrophic (bark) and vector (beetle flight and beetle feeding wound) phases. Due to the two DED pandemics during the twentieth century the use of elms in landscape and forest restoration has declined significantly. However new initiatives for elm breeding and restoration are now underway in Europe and North America. Here we discuss complexities in the DED 'system' that can lead to unintended consequences during elm breeding and some of the wider options for obtaining durability or 'field resistance' in released material, including (1) the phenotypic plasticity of disease levels in resistant cultivars infected by O. novo-ulmi; (2) shortcomings in test methods when selecting for resistance; (3) the implications of rapid evolutionary changes in current O. novo-ulmi populations for the choice of pathogen inoculum when screening; (4) the possibility of using active resistance to the pathogen in the beetle feeding wound, and low attractiveness of elm cultivars to feeding beetles, in addition to resistance in the xylem; (5) the risk that genes from susceptible and exotic elms be introgressed into resistant cultivars; (6) risks posed by unintentional changes in the host microbiome; and (7) the biosecurity risks posed by resistant elm deployment. In addition, attention needs to be paid to the disease pressures within which resistant elms will be released. In the future, biotechnology may further enhance our understanding of the various resistance processes in elms and our potential to deploy trees with highly durable resistance in elm restoration. Hopefully the different elm resistance processes will prove to be largely under durable, additive, multigenic control. Elm breeding programmes cannot afford to get into the host-pathogen arms races that characterise some agricultural host-pathogen systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Martín
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Jorge Domínguez
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Recursos Genéticos Forestales Puerta de Hierro. TRAGSA., Ctra. de la Coruña, Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Solla
- Faculty of Forestry, Institute for Dehesa Research (INDEHESA), University of Extremadura, Avenida Virgen del Puerto 2, 10600 Plasencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Alberto Santini
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante – C.N.R., Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Clara Martínez-Arias
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Louis Bernier
- Centre d’étude de la Forêt (CEF), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Luis Gil
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Rodrigues AM, António C, Perdiguero P, Pita P, Collada C, Li M, Gil L. Stem metabolism under drought stress - a paradox of increasing respiratory substrates and decreasing respiratory rates. Physiol Plant 2021; 172:391-404. [PMID: 32671841 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic changes underpinning drought-induced variations in stem respiration (Rs ) are unknown. We measured Rs rates and metabolite and gene expression profiles in Ulmus minor Mill. and Quercus ilex L. seedlings subjected to increasing levels of drought stress to better understand how carbon, nitrogen and energy metabolism interact during drought. In both species, only plants showing extreme stress symptoms - i.e. negligible rates of leaf stomatal conductance and photosynthesis, and high stem dehydration (30-50% of maximum water storage) and contraction (50-150 μm week-1 ) - exhibited lower Rs rates than well-watered plants. Abundance of low-molecular weight sugars (e.g. glucose and fructose) and sugar alcohols (e.g. mannitol) increased with drought, at more moderate stress and to a higher extent in Q. ilex than U. minor. Abundance of amino acids increased at more severe stress, more abruptly, and to a higher extent in U. minor, coinciding with leaf senescence, which did not occur in Q. ilex. Organic acids changed less in response to drought: threonate and glycerate increased, and citrate decreased although slightly in both species. Transcripts of genes coding for enzymes of the Krebs cycle decreased in Q. ilex and increased in U. minor in conditions of extreme drought stress. The maintenance of Rs under severe growth and photosynthetic restrictions reveals the importance of stem mitochondrial activity in drought acclimation. The eventual decline in Rs diverts carbon substrates from entering the Krebs cycle that may help to cope with osmotic and oxidative stress during severe drought and to recover hydraulic functionality afterwards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Grupo de Investigación Sistemas Naturales e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ana M Rodrigues
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Oeiras, 2780-157, Portugal
| | - Pedro Perdiguero
- Animal Health Research Center, National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, 28130, Spain
| | - Pilar Pita
- Grupo de Investigación Sistemas Naturales e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Carmen Collada
- Grupo de Investigación Sistemas Naturales e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Meng Li
- Grupo de Investigación Sistemas Naturales e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Grupo de Investigación Sistemas Naturales e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Martínez-Arias C, Sobrino-Plata J, Medel D, Gil L, Martín JA, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J. Stem endophytes increase root development, photosynthesis, and survival of elm plantlets (Ulmus minor Mill.). J Plant Physiol 2021; 261:153420. [PMID: 33906025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Long-lived trees benefit from fungal symbiotic interactions in the adaptation to constantly changing environments. Previous studies revealed a core fungal endobiome in Ulmus minor which has been suggested to play a critical role in plant functioning. Here, we hypothesized that these core endophytes are involved in abiotic stress tolerance. To test this hypothesis, two core endophytes (Cystobasidiales and Chaetothyriales) were inoculated into in vitro U. minor plantlets, which were further subjected to drought. Given that elm genotypes resistant to Dutch elm disease (DED) tend to show higher abiotic stress tolerance than susceptible ones, we tested the endophyte effect on two DED-resistant and two DED-susceptible genotypes. Drought stress was moderate; endophyte presence attenuated stomata closure in response to drought in one genotype but this stress did not affect plant survival. In comparison, long-term in-vitro culture proved stressful to mock-inoculated plants, especially in DED-susceptible genotypes. Interestingly, no endophyte-inoculated plant died during the experiment, as compared to high mortality in mock-inoculated plants. In surviving plants, endophyte presence stimulated root and shoot growth, photosynthetic rates, antioxidant activity and molecular changes involving auxin-signaling. These changes and the observed endophyte stability in elm tissues throughout the experiment suggest endophytes are potential tools to improve survival and stress tolerance of DED-resistant elms in elm restoration programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Martínez-Arias
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Juan Sobrino-Plata
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - David Medel
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Martín
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Salmerón L, Delgado P, Vargas C, Gil L. Tablets for all? Testing the screen inferiority effect with upper primary school students. Learning and Individual Differences 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lindif.2021.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
19
|
Michalak SS, Wolny-Rokicka E, Nowakowska E, Michalak M, Gil L. Clinical Implications of the Coexistence of Anemia and Diabetes Mellitus in the Elderly Population. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:8745968. [PMID: 34708130 PMCID: PMC8545586 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8745968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and also anemia are common in the elderly and have a negative impact on the clinical outcomes of patients. The coexistence of anemia and DM seems to be insufficiently recognized; therefore, the aim of our study is to analyze the incidence and clinical consequences of this coexistence, including mortality, in the population of people aged ≥60. A retrospective study was conducted on 981 primary care clinic patients aged ≥60 during 2013-2014. The prevalence of coexistence of DM and anemia (defined in accordance with WHO) and data on the incidence of comorbidities, hospitalization, medical procedures, and all-cause mortality were analyzed. In the study population, 25% had DM, while 5.4% had both DM and anemia. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) was found in 48 patients (4.89%) of the entire study population, more often in men (p < 0.001). Diabetic patients with anemia compared to nonanemic diabetics had more comorbidities (median 4 (4, 5) vs. 3 (2-4); p < 0.001)-PAD more often (p = 0.004), more hospitalization (median 2 (0-11) vs. 0 (0-11); p < 0.001), and more frequent medical procedures (e.g., percutaneous coronary intervention (p < 0.001), coronary artery bypass surgery (p = 0.027), arteriography (p < 0.001), and bypass surgery or endovascular treatments of lower limb ischemia (p < 0.001)). The cumulative survival of patients with both DM and anemia vs. nonanemic diabetics at 36 months was 86.4% vs. 99.3% (p < 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression model showed anemia to be a significant risk factor for death in diabetic patients (p = 0.013). Patients with both DM and anemia have more comorbidities than nonanemic diabetic patients; they are more often hospitalized, require medical procedures more frequently, and are at a higher risk of death. Effective treatment of anemia in patients with DM is advisable and may well improve the prognosis of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Michalak
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - E. Wolny-Rokicka
- Department of Radiotherapy, Multidisciplinary Hospital, Gorzow Wielkopolski, Poland
| | - E. Nowakowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - M. Michalak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - L. Gil
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Griener M, Wolfrum E, Birkenmeier G, Faitsch M, Fischer R, Fuchert G, Gil L, Harrer G, Manz P, Wendler D, Stroth U. Continuous observation of filaments from the confined region to the far scrape-off layer. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2020.100854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
21
|
Fernández MÁR, Lojo‐Seoane C, Galdo‐Álvarez S, Aldrey‐Vázquez JM, Vieites AN, Fernández A, Pías‐Peleteiro JM, Ferreiro‐Caneiro U, Domínguez‐Vivero C, Mallo SC, Gil L, Pereiro AX. Correlation between regional brain atrophy, cognitive function, adipose tissue and CSF biomarkers in mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.042895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alba Fernández
- University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | | | | | | | - Sabela C. Mallo
- University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Vega C, González G, Bahamonde HA, Valbuena-Carabaña M, Gil L, Fernández V. Effect of irradiation and canopy position on anatomical and physiological features of Fagus sylvatica and Quercus petraea leaves. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 152:232-242. [PMID: 32449682 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Growing conditions at different tree canopy positions may significantly vary and lead to foliar changes even within the same tree. An assessment of foliar anatomy, including also epidermal features, can help us understand how plants respond to environmental factors. Working with two model tree species (i.e., Quercus petraea and Fagus sylvatica) grown at their southernmost European distribution area in Central Spain, the influence of irradiation and canopy height was examined by sampling lower canopy leaves and comparing them with fully irradiated, top canopy leaves and shaded top canopy leaves grown for months within a bag made of shade netting fabric before they sprouted. At the end of the summer, samples were collected, and several parameters were analysed. The results indicate that SLA (specific leaf area) differences are significant both between species and groups. Leaf and cuticle thickness differed significantly between groups while stomatal densities only between species. Regarding mineral concentrations, differences between species were significant for K, Mn, N and N: P ratios. It is concluded that leaf responses to environmental conditions may be variable both within the same tree and between species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Vega
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo González
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Héctor A Bahamonde
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diagonal 113 Nº 469, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Valbuena-Carabaña
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dorado-Liñán I, Valbuena-Carabaña M, Cañellas I, Gil L, Gea-Izquierdo G. Climate Change Synchronizes Growth and iWUE Across Species in a Temperate-Submediterranean Mixed Oak Forest. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:706. [PMID: 32595660 PMCID: PMC7300280 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tree species have good tolerance to a range of environmental conditions, though their ability to respond and persist to environmental changes is dramatically reduced at the rear-edge distribution limits. At those edges, gene flow conferring adaptation is impaired due to lack of populations at lower latitudes. Thus, trees mainly rely on phenotypic changes to buffer against long-term environmental changes. Interspecific hybridization may offer an alternative mechanism in the generation of novel genetic recombinants that could be particularly valuable to ensure persistence in geographically isolated forests. In this paper, we take advantage of the longevity of a temperate-submediterranean mixed-oak forest to explore the long-term impact of environmental changes on two different oak species and their hybrid. Individual trees were genetically characterized and classified into three groups: pure Quercus petraea (Matt.), Liebl, pure Q. pyrenaica Willd, and hybrids. We calculated basal area increment and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) from tree-ring width and δ13C per genetic group, respectively. Tree-growth drivers were assessed using correlation analyses and generalized linear mixed models for two contrasting climatic periods: (1880-1915, colder with [CO2] < 303 ppm; and 1980-2015, warmer with [CO2] > 338 ppm). The three genetic groups have increased radial growth and iWUE during the last decades, being the least drought-tolerant QuPe the most sensitive species to water stress. However, no significant differences were found among genetic groups neither in mean growth rate nor in mean iWUE. Furthermore, little differences were found in the response to climate among groups. Genetic groups only differed in the relationship between δ13C and temperature and precipitation during the earlier period, but such a difference disappeared during the recent decades. Climate change may have promoted species-level convergence as a response to environment-induced growth limitations, which translated in synchronized growth and response to climate as well as a tighter stomatal control and increased iWUE across coexisting oak species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Dorado-Liñán
- Forest Research Centre, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CIFOR), Madrid, Spain
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Valbuena-Carabaña
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cañellas
- Forest Research Centre, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CIFOR), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo
- Forest Research Centre, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CIFOR), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Arribas P, García-Payo M, Khayet M, Gil L. Improved antifouling performance of polyester thin film nanofiber composite membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
25
|
Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Salomón RL, Gordaliza GG, Miranda JC, Miranda E, de la Riva EG, Gil L. Respiratory costs of producing and maintaining stem biomass in eight co-occurring tree species. Tree Physiol 2019; 39:1838-1854. [PMID: 31211374 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of carbon allocation for plant performance and fitness, it is expected that competition and abiotic stress influence respiratory costs associated with stem wood biomass production and maintenance. In this study, stem respiration (R) was measured together with stem diameter increment in adult trees of eight co-occurring species in a sub-Mediterranean forest stand for 2 years. We estimated growth R (Rg), maintenance R (Rm) and the growth respiration coefficient (GRC) using two gas exchange methods: (i) estimating Rg as the product of growth and GRC (then Rm as R minus Rg) and (ii) estimating Rm from temperature-dependent kinetics of basal Rm at the dormant season (then Rg as R minus Rm). In both cases, stem basal-area growth rates governed intra-annual variation in R, Rg and Rm. Maximum annual Rm occurred slightly before or after maximum Rg. The mean contribution of Rm to R during the growing season ranged from 56% to 88% across species using method 1 and from 23% to 66% using method 2. An analysis accounting for the phylogenetic distance among species indicated that more shade-tolerant, faster growing species exhibited higher Rm and Rg than less shade-tolerant, slower growing ones, suggesting a balance between carbon supply and demand mediated by growth. However, GRC was not related to species growth rate, wood density, or drought and shade tolerance across the surveyed species nor across 27 tree species for which GRC was compiled. The GRC estimates based on wood chemical analysis were lower (0.19) than those based on gas exchange methods (0.35). These results give partial support to the hypothesis that wood production and maintenance costs are related to species ecology and highlight the divergence of respiratory parameters widely used in plant models according to the methodological approach applied to derive them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto L Salomón
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guillermo G Gordaliza
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José C Miranda
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Miranda
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique G de la Riva
- Department of Ecology, Brandenburg University of Technology, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Álvarez C, González N, Luño V, Gil L. Ejaculated compared with epididymal stallion sperm vitrification. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 211:106205. [PMID: 31785641 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of trehalose and lactose extenders on ejaculated and epididymal stallion sperm vitrification. Ejaculated semen samples were collected from seven fertile stallions, and cauda epididymis samples were collected from ten stallion carcasses after slaughter. Both the ejaculated and the epididymis samples were diluted and vitrified using INRA 96® and bovine serum albumin as well as trehalose or lactose. As a control, ejaculated and epididymal samples were collected and frozen using the conventional method. Vitrification was performed by immersing sperm suspensions directly in LN2. After thawing or devitrification, there was assessment of samples for sperm motility using computer-assisted analysis. Viability was assessed using SYBR-14 and propidium iodide (PI) and acrosome integrity by fluorescein using isothiocyanate combined with peanut agglutinin (FITC-PNA) and PI. Epididymal sperm vitrification with trehalose (EPT) or lactose (EPL) resulted in greater progressive sperm motility than sperm of the control sample (EPC). After post-thaw/devitrification of sperm in the EPT group, sperm motility was greater (P<0.001) compared to that using EPL (50.72 ± 5.09% compared with 34.21 ± 3.02%). The results from assessment of ejaculated sperm samples after undergoing the vitrification process indicated cells were less viable (P<0.001) than the control (EJC) sample. In conclusion, vitrification of epididymal stallion sperm using trehalose might be a beneficial alternative for the long-term storage of sperm samples with great economic value. Spermatozoa from vitrified ejaculates of stallions, however, had lesser motility and viability rates than samples subjected to conventional freezing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Álvarez
- Military Horse Breeding Center in Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - N González
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - V Luño
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - L Gil
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Martín JA, Sobrino-Plata J, Coira B, Medel D, Collada C, Gil L. Growth resilience and oxidative burst control as tolerance factors to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi in Ulmus minor. Tree Physiol 2019; 39:1512-1524. [PMID: 31211377 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Dutch elm disease (DED) pathogens, Ophiostoma ulmi (Buisman) Nannf. and the more aggressive Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier, have decimated European elm populations in the last 100 years. Today, the number of tolerant elm varieties available on the market is limited, partly due to the long breeding cycles and expensive facilities they require. Developing a low-cost technique to allow early screening of elm tolerance based on simple morphological and/or biochemical traits would considerably boost elm breeding and research. Within this general aim, we developed an in vitro plant culture system to (i) characterize stress responses to O. novo-ulmi-root inoculation in two Ulmus minor Mill. clones of contrasting susceptibility level to DED (termed 'tolerant' and 'susceptible') and (ii) compare the upward dispersal rate of the pathogen in the two clones. Constitutive xylem anatomy was similar in both clones, indicating that differences in plant responses to the pathogen are not attributable to anatomical factors (e.g., conduit size). Susceptible plantlets suffered a significant delay in apical growth and a decrease in chlorophyll content at 21 days post-inoculation (dpi). The rate of pathogen dispersal from roots to aerial tissues was similar in both clones. However, the tolerant clone showed a marked increase in lipid peroxidation at 1 dpi, while the susceptible clone showed enhanced values of lipid peroxidation during most of the experimental period (1-21 dpi). Despite wide stem colonization by the pathogen, the tolerant clone effectively regulated the oxidative stress levels and showed remarkable resilience to inoculation. These results extend current knowledge on elm defense mechanisms, and the proposed in vitro plant culture system emerges as a promising early screening method for tolerance to improve elm breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Martín
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
| | - Juan Sobrino-Plata
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
| | - Begoña Coira
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
| | - David Medel
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
| | - Carmen Collada
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
| | - Luis Gil
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Morales-Molino C, Tinner W, Perea R, Carrión JS, Colombaroli D, Valbuena-Carabaña M, Zafra E, Gil L. Unprecedented herbivory threatens rear-edge populations of Betula in southwestern Eurasia. Ecology 2019; 100:e02833. [PMID: 31323116 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mediterranean rear-edge populations of Betula, located at the southwestern Eurasian margin of the distribution range, represent unique reservoirs of genetic diversity. However, increasing densities of wild ungulates, enhanced dryness, and wildfires threaten their future persistence. A historical perspective on the past responses of these relict populations to changing herbivory, fire occurrence and climatic conditions may contribute to assessing their future responses under comparable scenarios. We have reconstructed vegetation and disturbance (grazing, fire) history in the Cabañeros National Park (central-southern Spain) using the paleoecological records of two small mires. We particularly focused on the historical range of variation in disturbance regimes, and the dynamics of rear-edge Betula populations and herbivore densities. Changes in water availability, probably related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, and land-use history have played a crucial role in vegetation shifts. Our data suggest that heathlands (mainly Erica arborea and E. scoparia) and Quercus woodlands dominated during dry phases while Sphagnum bogs and Betula stands expanded during wet periods. Betula populations survived past moderately dry periods but were unable to cope with enhanced land use, particularly increasing livestock raising since ~1,100-900 cal. yr BP (850-1,050 CE), and eventually underwent local extinction. High herbivore densities not only contributed to the Betula demise but also caused the retreat of Sphagnum bogs. Ungulate densities further rose at ~200-100 cal. yr BP (1750-1850 CE) associated with the historically documented intensification of land use around the Ecclesiastical Confiscation. However, herbivory reached truly unprecedented values only during the last decades, following rural depopulation and subsequent promotion of big game hunting. For the first time in temperate and Mediterranean Europe, we have used the abundances of fossil dung fungal spores to assess quantitatively that current high herbivore densities exceed the historical range of variation. In contrast, present fire activity lies within the range of variation of the last millennia, with fires (mainly human-set) mostly occurring during dry periods. Our paleodata highlight the need of controlling the densities of wild ungulates to preserve ecosystem composition and functioning. We also urge to restore Betula populations in suitable habitats where they mostly disappeared because of excessive human activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- César Morales-Molino
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3013, Switzerland.,EPHE Department of Palaeoclimatology and Marine Palaeoenvironments, PSL Research University, UMR CNRS 5805 EPOC Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, 33615, France.,Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Cadenazzo, 6953, Switzerland
| | - Willy Tinner
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
| | - Ramón Perea
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - José S Carrión
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Daniele Colombaroli
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3013, Switzerland.,Centre for Quaternary Research, Royal Holloway University London, Egham, TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - María Valbuena-Carabaña
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Elena Zafra
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, ETSI de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tomás T, Nogueira-Costa G, Eiriz I, Vitorino M, Baptista MV, Correia M, Pereira T, Oliveira A, da Costa LL, Pimenta J, Liu P, Peixoto I, Luz P, Gil L, Silva D, Caleça T, Neves M, Quintela A, Monteiro A, Atalaia G, Silva M, Fiúza T. Trifluridine/Tipiracil (TAS-102) in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer: Real-world data of 13 oncological centers in Portugal. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz155.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
30
|
Fernandes I, Gil L. Quality of life of the person with "Inflammatory Bowel Disease". Eur J Public Health 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz035.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - L Gil
- Hospital Sousa Martins Unidade Local de Saúde da Guarda, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Happel T, Griener M, Silvagni D, Freethy S, Hennequin P, Janky F, Manz P, Prisiazhniuk D, Ryter F, Bernert M, Brida D, Eich T, Faitsch M, Gil L, Guimarais L, Merle A, Nille D, Pinzón J, Sieglin B, Stroth U, Viezzer E. Stationarity of I-mode operation and I-mode divertor heat fluxes on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
32
|
Lendoire JC, Gil L, Imventarza O. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma surgery: the impact of lymphadenectomy. Chin Clin Oncol 2018; 7:53. [PMID: 30180752 DOI: 10.21037/cco.2018.07.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary hepatic malignant tumor and its incidence is increasing over the world. At present times, radical liver resection is still the most effective treatment for ICC patients to achieve long term survival. Pathological lymph node metastases (LMN), found in 15% to 45% of the patients, have been recognized as an extremely poor prognostic risk factor, even if curative resection is performed. So, considering this issue, it acquires relevance to determine the validity of surgical resection for LNM cases that are diagnosed in the preoperative setting, or whether a routine lymphadenectomy should be performed systematically in all hepatectomies for ICC. The role of routine lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of ICC remains controversial, with some centers considering it standard whereas other surgeons perform lymphadenectomy only as a selective indication. Recently, a growing widespread adoption of lymphadenectomy was demonstrated that nearly doubled its commonly reported execution rate. The newly updated eight edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system now recommends that six nodes need to be analyzed to stage patients with ICC. In this review, we analyzed and summarized some anatomic considerations of the lymphatic anatomy of the liver and the current knowledge and potential advantages of performing a routine lymphadenectomy in patients with ICC, especially looking at pathological staging, prognosis, prevention of local recurrence and outcome. New areas like lymphadenectomy in cirrhotic patients and laparoscopic lymphadenectomy are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javier C Lendoire
- Liver & Transplant Unit, Hospital Dr. Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Luis Gil
- Liver & Transplant Unit, Hospital Dr. Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar Imventarza
- Liver & Transplant Unit, Hospital Dr. Cosme Argerich, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Navarro-González J, Arenas MD, Bover J, Molina P, González-Parra E, Sánchez E, Buades J, Lloret MJ, Crespo A, Gil L, Mora J, García M, del Pino MD, Piñera C, Cubas A, Herrero J, Bajo MA, Martín de Francisco A. FP612PROSPECTIVE REAL-WORLD DATA WITH SUCROFERRIC OXYHYDROXIDE IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: EFFECTS ON MINERAL, IRON AND INFLAMMATORY PROFILE. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy104.fp612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Navarro-González
- Research Unit & Nephrology Service, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - María Dolores Arenas
- Servicio de Nefrología, Vithas Hospital Internacional Perpertuo, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jordi Bover
- Nephrology, Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Molina
- Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Emilio Sánchez
- Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joan Buades
- Nefrología, Hospital Son Llatzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | | | - Luis Gil
- Nefrología, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Mora
- Nefrologia, Centro Diálisis Granollers, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel García
- Nefrología, Centro Diálisis Santa Catalina, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Celestino Piñera
- Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cubas
- Nefrología, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Herrero
- Nefrología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bahamonde HA, Gil L, Fernández V. Surface Properties and Permeability to Calcium Chloride of Fagus sylvatica and Quercus petraea Leaves of Different Canopy Heights. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:494. [PMID: 29720987 PMCID: PMC5915543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant surfaces have a considerable degree of chemical and physical variability also in relation to different environmental conditions, organs and state of development. The potential changes on plant surface properties in association with environmental variations have been little explored so far. Using two model tree species (i.e., Quercus petraea, sessile oak and Fagus sylvatica, beech) growing in 'Montejo de la Sierra Forest,' we examined various traits of the abaxial and adaxial surface of leaves of both species collected at a height of approximately 15 m (top canopy), versus 3.5-5.5 m for beech and sessile oak, lower canopy leaves. Leaf surface ultra-structure was analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and the surface free energy and related parameter were estimated after measuring drops of 3 liquids with different degrees of polarity and apolarity. The permeability of the adaxial and abaxial surface of top and bottom canopy leaves to CaCl2 was estimated by depositing 2 drops of 3-4 μl per cm2 and comparing the concentration of Ca in leaf tissues 24 h after treatment, and also Ca and Cl concentrations in the washing liquid. Higher Ca concentrations were recorded after the application of CaCl2 drops onto the veins and adaxial blade of top canopy beech leaves, while no significant evidence for foliar Ca absorption was gained with sessile oak leaves. Surprisingly, high amounts of Cl were recovered after washing untreated, top canopy beach and sessile oak leaves with deionised water, a phenomenon which was not traced to occur on lower canopy leaves of both species. It is concluded that the surface of the two species analyzed is heterogeneous in nature and may have areas favoring the absorption of water and solutes as observed for the veins of beech leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Héctor A. Bahamonde
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Department of Natural Resources, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, Río Gallegos, Argentina
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Rodrigues AM, Perdiguero P, António C, Atkin OK, Li M, Collada C, Gil L. A molecular approach to drought-induced reduction in leaf CO 2 exchange in drought-resistant Quercus ilex. Physiol Plant 2018; 162:394-408. [PMID: 28984911 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Drought-induced reduction of leaf gas exchange entails a complex regulation of the plant leaf metabolism. We used a combined molecular and physiological approach to understand leaf photosynthetic and respiratory responses of 2-year-old Quercus ilex seedlings to drought. Mild drought stress resulted in glucose accumulation while net photosynthetic CO2 uptake (Pn ) remained unchanged, suggesting a role of glucose in stress signaling and/or osmoregulation. Simple sugars and sugar alcohols increased throughout moderate-to-very severe drought stress conditions, in parallel to a progressive decline in Pn and the quantum efficiency of photosystem II; by contrast, minor changes occurred in respiration rates until drought stress was very severe. At very severe drought stress, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex gene expression significantly decreased, and the abundance of most amino acids dramatically increased, especially that of proline and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) suggesting enhanced protection against oxidative damage and a reorganization of the tricarboxylic cycle acid cycle via the GABA shunt. Altogether, our results point to Q. ilex drought tolerance being linked to signaling and osmoregulation by hexoses during early stages of drought stress, and enhanced protection against oxidative damage by polyols and amino acids under severe drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ana M Rodrigues
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro Perdiguero
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Forest Biotech Laboratory, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, iBET, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carla António
- Plant Metabolomics Laboratory, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Meng Li
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Carmen Collada
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pita P, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Medel D, Gil L. Further insights into the components of resistance to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi in Ulmus minor: hydraulic conductance, stomatal sensitivity and bark dehydration. Tree Physiol 2018; 38:252-262. [PMID: 29040781 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dutch elm disease (DED) is a vascular disease that has killed over 1 billion elm trees. The pathogen spreads throughout the xylem network triggering vessel blockage, which results in water stress, tissue dehydration and extensive leaf wilting in susceptible genotypes. We investigated the differences between four Ulmus minor Mill. clones of contrasting susceptibility to Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Brasier regarding morphological, anatomical and physiological traits affecting water transport, in order to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying DED susceptibility. We analyzed the differential response to water shortage and increased air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) to investigate whether resistance to water stress might be related to DED tolerance. Sixteen plants per clone, aged 2 years, were grown inside a greenhouse under differential watering. Stomatal conductance was measured under ambient and increased VPD. Growth, bark water content and stem hydraulic and anatomical parameters were measured 22 days after starting differential watering. Vessel lumen area, lumen fraction and hydraulic conductance were highest in susceptible clones. Stomatal conductance was lowest under low VPD and decreased faster under increased VPD in resistant clones. We found a negative relationship between the decrease in stomatal conductance at increased VPD and specific hydraulic conductance, revealing a narrower hydraulic margin for sustaining transpiration in resistant clones. The effect of water shortage was greater on radial stem growth than on leaf area, which could be explained through an extensive use of capacitance water to buffer xylem water potential. Water shortage reduced stomatal conductance and vessel lumen area. Bark water content under conditions of water shortage only decreased in susceptible clones. Higher hydraulic constraints to sap flow in resistant clones may determine higher stomatal sensitivity to VPD and so contribute to DED resistance by limiting pathogen expansion and reducing water loss and metabolic impairment in cells involved in fighting against infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Pita
- ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Dep. Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Dep. Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Medel
- ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Dep. Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- ETSI Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Dep. Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Barrios C, Lloris JM, Alonso J, Maruenda B, Burgos J, Llombart-Blanco R, Gil L, Bisbal V. Novel porcine experimental model of severe progressive thoracic scoliosis with compensatory curves induced by interpedicular bent rigid temporary tethering. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:174-182. [PMID: 28548698 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Using flexible tethering techniques, porcine models of experimental scoliosis have shown scoliotic curves with vertebral wedging but very limited axial rotation. The aim of this experimental work was to induce a severe progressive scoliosis in a growing porcine model for research purposes. A unilateral spinal bent rigid tether was anchored to two ipsilateral pedicle screws in eight pigs. The spinal tether was removed after 8 weeks. Ten weeks later, the animals were sacrificed. Conventional radiographs and 3D CT-scans were taken to evaluate changes in the alignment of the thoracic spine. After the first 8 weeks of rigid tethering, all animals developed scoliotic curves (mean Cobb angle: 24.3°). Once the interpedicular tether was removed, the scoliotic curves progressed in all animals during 10 weeks reaching a mean Cobb angle of 49.9°. The sagittal alignment of the thoracic spine showed loss of physiologic kyphosis (Mean: -18.3°). Axial rotation ranged from 10° to 49° (Mean 25.7°). Release of the spinal tether results in progression of the deformity with the development of proximal and distal compensatory curves. In conclusion, temporary interpedicular tethering at the thoracic spine induces severe scoliotic curves in pigs, with significant wedging and rotation of the vertebral bodies, and true compensatory curves. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The tether release model will be used to evaluate corrective non-fusion technologies in future investigations. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:174-182, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Barrios
- lnstitute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Valencia Catholic University, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Miguel Lloris
- Department of Surgery, Valencia University Medical School, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Alonso
- lnstitute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Valencia Catholic University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Borja Maruenda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital de la Ribera, Alzira, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Burgos
- Division of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Gil
- lnstitute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Valencia Catholic University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Viviana Bisbal
- Animal Facility Services, Prince Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Salomón RL, De Schepper V, Valbuena-Carabaña M, Gil L, Steppe K. Daytime depression in temperature-normalised stem CO 2 efflux in young poplar trees is dominated by low turgor pressure rather than by internal transport of respired CO 2. New Phytol 2018; 217:586-598. [PMID: 28984360 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Daytime decreases in temperature-normalised stem CO2 efflux (EA_D ) are commonly ascribed to internal transport of respired CO2 (FT ) or to an attenuated respiratory activity due to lowered turgor pressure. The two are difficult to separate as they are simultaneously driven by sap flow dynamics. To achieve combined gradients in turgor pressure and FT , sap flow rates in poplar trees were manipulated through severe defoliation, severe drought, moderate defoliation and moderate drought. Turgor pressure was mechanistically modelled using measurements of sap flow, stem diameter variation, and soil and stem water potential. A mass balance approach considering internal and external CO2 fluxes was applied to estimate FT . Under well-watered control conditions, both turgor pressure and sap flow, as a proxy of FT , were reliable predictors of EA_D . After tree manipulation, only turgor pressure was a robust predictor of EA_D . Moreover, FT accounted for < 15% of EA_D . Our results suggest that daytime reductions in turgor pressure and associated constrained growth are the main cause of EA_D in young poplar trees. Turgor pressure is determined by both carbohydrate supply and water availability, and should be considered to improve our widely used but inaccurate temperature-based predictions of woody tissue respiration in global models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto L Salomón
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Veerle De Schepper
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - María Valbuena-Carabaña
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kathy Steppe
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Perdiguero P, Sobrino-Plata J, Venturas M, Martín JA, Gil L, Collada C. Gene expression trade-offs between defence and growth in English elm induced by Ophiostoma novo-ulmi. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:198-214. [PMID: 29034465 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wilt diseases caused by vascular pathogens include some of the most damaging stresses affecting trees. Dutch elm disease (DED), caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, destroyed most of North American and European elm populations in the 20th century. The highly susceptible English elm, also known as Atinian clone, suffered the highest mortality rates during the last pandemic event, probably due to its lack of genetic diversity. To study the DED pathosystem, we inoculated English elm ramets with O. novo-ulmi and evaluated xylem anatomy, molecular response, and disease symptoms. The high DED susceptibility of the clone was linked to xylem structure. The transcript levels changed significantly for 1,696 genes during O. novo-ulmi invasion. Genes covering different steps of the plant immune system were identified, many of which showed homology with Arabidopsis thaliana genes involved in systemic acquired resistance. Induction of several pathogenesis-related proteins and repression of fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins and other cell wall biosynthesis pathways evidence unbalanced costs between growth and defence mechanisms far from the inoculation point. This study sheds light on elm molecular defence mechanisms against DED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Perdiguero
- GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Fisiología e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Juan Sobrino-Plata
- GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Fisiología e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Venturas
- GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Fisiología e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Biology Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Juan Antonio Martín
- GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Fisiología e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Fisiología e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Collada
- GENFOR, Grupo de Investigación en Genética, Fisiología e Historia Forestal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Fernández V, Bahamonde HA, Javier Peguero-Pina J, Gil-Pelegrín E, Sancho-Knapik D, Gil L, Goldbach HE, Eichert T. Physico-chemical properties of plant cuticles and their functional and ecological significance. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:5293-5306. [PMID: 28992247 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Most aerial plant surfaces are covered with a lipid-rich cuticle, which is a barrier for the bidirectional transport of substances between the plant and the surrounding environment. This review article provides an overview of the significance of the leaf cuticle as a barrier for the deposition and absorption of water and electrolytes. After providing insights into the physico-chemical properties of plant surfaces, the mechanisms of foliar absorption are revised with special emphasis on solutes. Due to the limited information and relative importance of the leaf cuticle of herbaceous and deciduous cultivated plants, an overview of the studies developed with Alpine conifers and treeline species is provided. The significance of foliar water uptake as a phenomenon of ecophysiological relevance in many areas of the world is also highlighted. Given the observed variability in structure and composition among, for example, plant species and organs, it is concluded that it is currently not possible to establish general permeability and wettability models that are valid for predicting liquid-surface interactions and the subsequent transport of water and electrolytes across plant surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fernández
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector A Bahamonde
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), cc 332, 9400 Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - José Javier Peguero-Pina
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Domingo Sancho-Knapik
- Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Gobierno de Aragón, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Heiner E Goldbach
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Eichert
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Styczynski J, Hoek J, Knelange N, Mikulska M, Cesaro S, Aljurf M, Gil L. No report on Zika virus infection in EBMT registry: Infectious Diseases Working Party statement. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:1345-1346. [PMID: 28692024 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Styczynski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - J Hoek
- EBMT Data Office, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N Knelange
- EBMT Data Office, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Mikulska
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Ospedale Policlinco San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - S Cesaro
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, Verona, Italy
| | - M Aljurf
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital &Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - L Gil
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical University, Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Guzmán-Delgado P, Fernández V, Venturas M, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Gil L. Surface properties and physiology of Ulmus laevis and U. minor samaras: implications for seed development and dispersal. Tree Physiol 2017; 37:815-826. [PMID: 28369592 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant surface properties influence solid-liquid interactions and matter exchange between the organs and their surrounding environment. In the case of fruits, surface processes may be of relevance for seed production and dispersal. To gain insight into the relationship between surface structure, chemical composition and function of aerial reproductive organs, we performed diverse experiments with the dry, winged fruits, or samaras, of Ulmus laevis Pall. and Ulmus minor Mill. both at the time of full maturity (green samaras) and of samara dispersal (dry samaras). Samaras of both elm species showed positive photosynthetic rates and absorbed water through their epidermal surfaces. The surface wettability, free energy, polarity and solubility parameter were lower in U. laevis than in U. minor and decreased for dry samaras in both species. Ulmus laevis samaras had a high degree of surface nano-roughness mainly conferred by cell wall folds containing pectins that substantially increased after hydration. The samaras in this species also had a thicker cuticle that could be isolated by enzymatic digestion, whereas that of U. minor samaras had higher amounts of soluble lipids. Dry samaras of U. laevis had higher floatability and lower air sustentation than those of U. minor. We concluded that samaras contribute to seed development by participating in carbon and water exchange. This may be especially important for U. minor, whose samaras develop before leaf emergence. The trichomes present along U. laevis samara margin may enhance water absorption and samara floatability even in turbulent waters. In general, U. minor samaras show traits that are consistent with a more drought tolerant character than U. laevis samaras, in line with the resources available both at the tree and ecosystem level for these species. Samara features may additionally reflect different adaptive strategies for seed dispersal and niche differentiation between species, by favoring hydrochory for U. laevis and anemochory for U. minor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Guzmán-Delgado
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Martin Venturas
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid 28040, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gil L, van de Ven MJT, Richter C. [Joining forces for quality improvement in tuberculosis control]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd 2017; 161:D868. [PMID: 28098042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Netherlands is declining every year. We fear there may be a loss of knowledge and awareness of detecting TB in the new generation of medical specialists. As medical specialists a great challenge lies before us in maintaining the quality of TB control in the Netherlands. Collaboration between pulmonologist, infectious disease specialist, microbiologist and the public health services is a necessity. Here we describe how, in the region of Arnhem, we work closely with these medical specialists based on structural multidisciplinary meetings. We also describe two of the quality indicators - doctor's delay and HIV testing policy - which are included in the national plan for TB control for 2016-2020. We explain how we intend to maintain and improve the quality of TB control by means of our structural meetings and collaboration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Gil
- Radboudumc, afd. Infectieziekten, Nijmegen
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Rodríguez-Calcerrada J, Li M, López R, Cano FJ, Oleksyn J, Atkin OK, Pita P, Aranda I, Gil L. Drought-induced shoot dieback starts with massive root xylem embolism and variable depletion of nonstructural carbohydrates in seedlings of two tree species. New Phytol 2017; 213:597-610. [PMID: 27575435 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Combining hydraulic- and carbon-related measurements helps to understand drought-induced plant mortality. Here, we investigated the role that plant respiration (R) plays in determining carbon budgets under drought. We measured the hydraulic conductivity of stems and roots, and gas exchange and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations of leaves, stems and roots of seedlings of two resprouting species exposed to drought or well-watered conditions: Ulmus minor (riparian tree) and Quercus ilex (dryland tree). With increasing water stress (occurring more rapidly in larger U. minor), declines in leaf, stem and root R were less pronounced than that in leaf net photosynthetic CO2 uptake (Pn ). Daytime whole-plant carbon gain was negative below -4 and -6 MPa midday xylem water potential in U. minor and Q. ilex, respectively. Relative to controls, seedlings exhibiting shoot dieback suffered c. 80% loss of hydraulic conductivity in both species, and reductions in NSC concentrations in U. minor. Higher drought-induced depletion of NSC reserves in U. minor was related to higher plant R, faster stomatal closure, and premature leaf-shedding. Differences in drought resistance relied on the ability to maintain hydraulic conductivity during drought, rather than tolerating conductivity loss. Root hydraulic failure elicited shoot dieback and precluded resprouting without root NSC reserves being apparently limiting for R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Meng Li
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Rosana López
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, UWS, Science Road, Richmond, 2753, NSW, Australia
| | - Francisco Javier Cano
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, UWS, Science Road, Richmond, 2753, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacek Oleksyn
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, 62-035, Poland
| | - Owen K Atkin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Building 134, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Pilar Pita
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Ismael Aranda
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Forest Research Centre, INIA, Avda. A Coruña km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest History, Physiology and Genetics Research Group, School of Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Salomón RL, Valbuena-Carabaña M, Gil L, McGuire MA, Teskey RO, Aubrey DP, González-Doncel I, Rodríguez-Calcerrada J. Temporal and spatial patterns of internal and external stem CO2 fluxes in a sub-Mediterranean oak. Tree Physiol 2016; 36:1409-1421. [PMID: 27126229 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
To accurately estimate stem respiration (RS), measurements of both carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux to the atmosphere (EA) and internal CO2 flux through xylem (FT) are needed because xylem sap transports respired CO2 upward. However, reports of seasonal dynamics of FT and EA are scarce and no studies exist in Mediterranean species under drought stress conditions. Internal and external CO2 fluxes at three stem heights, together with radial stem growth, temperature, sap flow and shoot water potential, were measured in Quercus pyrenaica Willd. in four measurement campaigns during one growing season. Substantial daytime depressions in temperature-normalized EA were observed throughout the experiment, including prior to budburst, indicating that diel hysteresis between stem temperature and EA cannot be uniquely ascribed to diversion of CO2 in the transpiration stream. Low internal [CO2] (<0.5%) resulted in low contributions of FT to RS throughout the growing season, and RS was mainly explained by EA (>90%). Internal [CO2] was found to vary vertically along the stems. Seasonality in resistance to radial CO2 diffusion was related to shoot water potential. The low internal [CO2] and FT observed in our study may result from the downregulation of xylem respiration in response to a legacy of coppicing as well as high radial diffusion of CO2 through cambium, phloem and bark tissues, which was related to low water content of stems. Long-term studies analyzing temporal and spatial variation in internal and external CO2 fluxes and their interactions are needed to mechanistically understand and model respiration of woody tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto L Salomón
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Valbuena-Carabaña
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mary Anne McGuire
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602-2152, USA
| | - Robert O Teskey
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602-2152, USA
| | - Doug P Aubrey
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, 180 East Green St, Athens, GA 30602-2152, USA
- Savannah River Ecology Lab, University of Georgia, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
| | - Inés González-Doncel
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Calcerrada
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, E.T.S. Forestry Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Barabé F, Gil L, Celton M, Bergeron A, Lamontagne V, Roques É, Lagacé K, Forest A, Johnson R, Pécheux L, Simard J, Pelloux J, Bellemare-Pelletier A, Gagnon E, Hébert J, Cellot S, Wilhelm BT. Modeling human MLL-AF9 translocated acute myeloid leukemia from single donors reveals RET as a potential therapeutic target. Leukemia 2016; 31:1166-1176. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- M Olaciregui
- Obstetric and Reproduction Area Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| | - L Gil
- Obstetric and Reproduction Area Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
López R, Cano FJ, Choat B, Cochard H, Gil L. Plasticity in Vulnerability to Cavitation of Pinus canariensis Occurs Only at the Driest End of an Aridity Gradient. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:769. [PMID: 27375637 PMCID: PMC4891331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Water availability has been considered one of the crucial drivers of species distribution. However, the increasing of temperatures and more frequent water shortages could overcome the ability of long-lived species to cope with rapidly changing conditions. Growth and survival of natural populations adapted to a given site, transferred and tested in other environments as part of provenance trials, can be interpreted as a simulation of ambient changes at the original location. We compare the intraspecific variation and the relative contribution of plasticity to adaptation of key functional traits related to drought resistance: vulnerability to cavitation, efficiency of the xylem to conduct water and biomass allocation. We use six populations of Canary Island pine growing in three provenance trials (wet, dry, and xeric). We found that the variability for hydraulic traits was largely due to phenotypic plasticity, whereas, genetic variation was limited and almost restricted to hydraulic safety traits and survival. Trees responded to an increase in climate dryness by lowering growth, and increasing leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity by means of increasing the Huber value. Vulnerability to cavitation only showed a plastic response in the driest provenance trial located in the ecological limit of the species. This trait was more tightly correlated with annual precipitation, drought length, and temperature oscillation at the origin of the populations than hydraulic efficiency or the Huber value. Vulnerability to cavitation was directly related to survival in the dry and the xeric provenance trials, illustrating its importance in determining drought resistance. In a new climatic scenario where more frequent and intense droughts are predicted, the magnitude of extreme events together with the fact that plasticity of cavitation resistance is only shown in the very dry limit of the species could hamper the capacity to adapt and buffer against environmental changes of some populations growing in dry locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosana López
- Forest Genetics and Physiology Research Group, Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Cano
- Forest Genetics and Physiology Research Group, Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Brendan Choat
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, University of Western SydneyRichmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Hervé Cochard
- PIAF, INRA, Université Clermont AuvergneClermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Physiology Research Group, Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Drozd-Sokołowska J, Gil L, Waszczuk-Gajda A, Mądry K, Piekarska A, Dutka M, Basak G, Karakulska-Prystupiuk E, Dwilewicz-Trojaczek J. Azacitidine Use After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation—Results From the Polish Adult Leukemia Group. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:1802-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
50
|
Guzmán-Delgado P, Graça J, Cabral V, Gil L, Fernández V. The presence of cutan limits the interpretation of cuticular chemistry and structure: Ficus elastica leaf as an example. Physiol Plant 2016; 157:205-20. [PMID: 26756450 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant cuticles have been traditionally classified on the basis of their ultrastructure, with certain chemical composition assumptions. However, the nature of the plant cuticle may be misinterpreted in the prevailing model, which was established more than 150 years ago. Using the adaxial leaf cuticle of Ficus elastica, a study was conducted with the aim of analyzing cuticular ultrastructure, chemical composition and the potential relationship between structure and chemistry. Gradual chemical extractions and diverse analytical and microscopic techniques were performed on isolated leaf cuticles of two different stages of development (i.e. young and mature leaves). Evidence for the presence of cutan in F. elastica leaf cuticles has been gained after chemical treatments and tissue analysis by infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Significant calcium, boron and silicon concentrations were also measured in the cuticle of this species. Such mineral elements which are often found in plant cell walls may play a structural role and their presence in isolated cuticles further supports the interpretation of the cuticle as the most external region of the epidermal cell wall. The complex and heterogeneous nature of the cuticle, and constraints associated with current analytical procedures may limit the chance for establishing a relationship between cuticle chemical composition and structure also in relation to organ ontogeny.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Guzmán-Delgado
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Graça
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Cabral
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis Gil
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Fernández
- Forest Genetics and Ecophysiology Research Group, School of Forest Engineering, Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|