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Mavridis T, Mavridi A, Karampela E, Galanos A, Gkiokas G, Iacovidou N, Xanthos T. Sovateltide (ILR-1620) Improves Motor Function and Reduces Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Neurocrit Care 2024; 41:455-468. [PMID: 38443708 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-024-01950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) presents a major global health challenge, with rising incidence rates and substantial disability. Although progress has been made in understanding SCI's pathophysiology and early management, there is still a lack of effective treatments to mitigate long-term consequences. This study investigates the potential of sovateltide, a selective endothelin B receptor agonist, in improving clinical outcomes in an acute SCI rat model. METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham surgery (group A) or SCI and treated with vehicle (group B) or sovateltide (group C). Clinical tests, including Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scoring, inclined plane, and allodynia testing with von Frey hair, were performed at various time points. Statistical analyses assessed treatment effects. RESULTS Sovateltide administration significantly improved motor function, reducing neurological deficits and enhancing locomotor recovery compared with vehicle-treated rats, starting from day 7 post injury. Additionally, the allodynic threshold improved, suggesting antinociceptive properties. Notably, the sovateltide group demonstrated sustained recovery, and even reached preinjury performance levels, whereas the vehicle group plateaued. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that sovateltide may offer neuroprotective effects, enhancing neurogenesis and angiogenesis. Furthermore, it may possess anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. Future clinical trials are needed to validate these findings, but sovateltide shows promise as a potential therapeutic strategy to improve functional outcomes in SCI. Sovateltide, an endothelin B receptor agonist, exhibits neuroprotective properties, enhancing motor recovery and ameliorating hyperalgesia in a rat SCI model. These findings could pave the way for innovative pharmacological interventions for SCI in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Mavridis
- First Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
- Department of Neurology, Tallaght University Hospital (TUH)/The Adelaide and Meath Hospital, Dublin, Incorporating the National Children's Hospital (AMNCH), Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Artemis Mavridi
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Antonis Galanos
- Laboratory for Research of the Musculoskeletal System, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Gkiokas
- Second Department of Surgery, Aretaieion University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nicoletta Iacovidou
- Department of Neonatology, Aretaieio Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Xanthos
- School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
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Bryson M, Kloefkorn H, Idlett-Ali S, Carrasco DI, Noble DJ, Martin K, Sawchuk MA, Au Yong N, Garraway SM, Hochman S. Emergent epileptiform activity in spinal sensory circuits drives ectopic bursting in afferent axons and sensory dysfunction after cord injury. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00676. [PMID: 39106457 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Spinal cord injury leads to hyperexcitability and dysfunction in spinal sensory processing. As hyperexcitable circuits can become epileptiform, we explored whether such activity emerges in a thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) contusion model of neuropathic pain. Recordings from spinal sensory axons in multiple below-lesion segmental dorsal roots demonstrated that SCI facilitated the emergence of spontaneous ectopic burst spiking in afferent axons, which were correlated across multiple adjacent dorsal roots. Burst frequency correlated with behavioral mechanosensitivity. The same bursting events were recruited by afferent stimulation, and timing interactions with ongoing spontaneous bursts revealed that recruitment was limited by a prolonged post-burst refractory period. Ectopic bursting in afferent axons was driven by GABAA receptor activation, presumably by conversion of subthreshold GABAergic interneuronal presynaptic axoaxonic inhibitory actions to suprathreshold spiking. Collectively, the emergence of stereotyped bursting circuitry with hypersynchrony, sensory input activation, post-burst refractory period, and reorganization of connectivity represent defining features of an epileptiform network. Indeed, these same features were reproduced in naive animals with the convulsant 4-aminopyridine (fampridine). We conclude that spinal cord injury promotes the emergence of epileptiform activity in spinal sensory networks that promote profound corruption of sensory signaling. This includes hyperexcitability and bursting by ectopic spiking in afferent axons that propagate bidirectionally by reentrant central and peripheral projections as well as sensory circuit hypoexcitability during the burst refractory period. More broadly, the work links circuit hyperexcitability to epileptiform circuit emergence, further strengthening it as a conceptual basis to understand features of sensory dysfunction and neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bryson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Heidi Kloefkorn
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | | | - Dario I Carrasco
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Donald James Noble
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Karmarcha Martin
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Michael A Sawchuk
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nicholas Au Yong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Sandra M Garraway
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shawn Hochman
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Bian MM, Xu YM, Zhang L, Yan HZ, Gao JX, Fu GQ, Wang YY, Lü HZ. The beneficial effect of α-lipoic acid on spinal cord injury repair in rats is mediated through inhibition of oxidative stress: A transcriptomic analysis. J Spinal Cord Med 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38647358 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2024.2342058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a crucial factor contributing to the occurrence and development of secondary damage in spinal cord injuries (SCI), ultimately impacting the recovery process. α-lipoic acid (ALA) exhibits potent antioxidant properties, effectively reducing secondary damage and providing neuroprotective benefits. However, the precise mechanism by which ALA plays its antioxidant role remains unknown. METHODS We established a model of moderate spinal cord contusion in rats. Experimental rats were randomly divided into 3 distinct groups: the sham group, the model control group (SCI_Veh), and the ALA treatment group (SCI_ALA). The sham group rats were exposed only to the SC without contusion injury. Rats belonging to SCI_Veh group were not administered any treatment after SCI. Rats of SCI_ALA group were intraperitoneally injected with the corresponding volume of ALA according to body weight for three consecutive days after the surgery. Subsequently, three days after SCI, spinal cord samples were obtained from three groups of rats: the sham group, model control group, and administration group. Thereafter, total RNA was extracted from the samples and the expression of three sets of differential genes was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing technology. Real-time PCR was used to verify the sequencing results. The impact of ALA on oxidative stress in rats following SCI was assessed by measuring their total antioxidant capacity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content. The effects of ALA on rat recovery following SCI was investigated through Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) score and footprint analysis. RESULTS The findings from the transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that the model control group had 2975 genes with altered expression levels when compared to the ALA treatment group. Among these genes, 1583 were found to be upregulated while 1392 were down-regulated. Gene ontology (GO) displayed significant enrichment in terms of functionality, specifically in oxidative phosphorylation, oxidoreductase activity, and signaling receptor activity. The Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway was enriched in oxidative phosphorylation, glutathione metabolism and cell cycle. ALA was found to have multiple benefits for rats after SCI, including increasing their antioxidant capacity and reducing H2O2 levels. Additionally, it was effective in improving motor function (such as 7 days after SCI, the BBB score for SCI_ALA was 8.400 ± 0.937 compared to 7.050 ± 1.141 for SCI_Veh) and promoting histological recovery after SCI (The results of HE demonstrated that the percentage of damage area in was 44.002 ± 6.680 in the SCI_ALA and 57.215 ± 3.964 in the SCI_Veh at the center of injury.). The sequence data from this study has been deposited into Sequence Read Archive (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE242507). CONCLUSION Overall, the findings of this study confirmed the beneficial effects of ALA on recovery in SCI rats through transcriptome sequencing, behavioral, as well histology analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Bian
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Mei Xu
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Zheng Yan
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xiong Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Qiang Fu
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Zuo Lü
- Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Immunology, Bengbu Medical College, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity at Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Neural Regeneration Technology and Medical New Materials, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, People's Republic of China
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Xu J, Shi C, Yuan F, Ding Y, Xie Y, Liu Y, Zhu F, Lu H, Duan C, Hu J, Jiang L. Targeted transplantation of engineered mitochondrial compound promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury by enhancing macrophage phagocytosis. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:427-444. [PMID: 37954465 PMCID: PMC10632560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial in sustaining and orchestrating cellular functions. Capitalizing on this, we explored mitochondrial transplantation as an innovative therapeutic strategy for acute spinal cord injury (SCI). In our study, we developed an engineered mitochondrial compound tailored to target macrophages within the SCI region. Sourced from IL-10-induced Mertkhi bone marrow-derived macrophages, we conjugated a peptide sequence, cations-cysteine-alanine-glutamine-lysine (CAQK), with the mitochondria, optimizing its targeting affinity for the injury site. Our data demonstrated that these compounds significantly enhanced macrophage phagocytosis of myelin debris, curtailed lipid buildup, ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction, and attenuated pro-inflammatory profiles in macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo. The intravenously delivered mitochondrial compounds targeted the SCI epicenter, with macrophages being the primary recipients. Critically, they promoted tissue regeneration and bolstered functional recovery in SCI mice. This study heralds a transformative approach to mitochondrial transplantation in SCI, spotlighting the modulation of macrophage activity, phagocytosis, and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chaoran Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Feifei Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yinghe Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Fengzhang Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China
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Bonnet M, Ertlen C, Seblani M, Brezun JM, Coyle T, Cereda C, Zuccotti G, Colli M, Desouches C, Decherchi P, Carelli S, Marqueste T. Activated Human Adipose Tissue Transplantation Promotes Sensorimotor Recovery after Acute Spinal Cord Contusion in Rats. Cells 2024; 13:182. [PMID: 38247873 PMCID: PMC10814727 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCIs) often result in sensory, motor, and vegetative function loss below the injury site. Although preclinical results have been promising, significant solutions for SCI patients have not been achieved through translating repair strategies to clinical trials. In this study, we investigated the effective potential of mechanically activated lipoaspirated adipose tissue when transplanted into the epicenter of a thoracic spinal contusion. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three experimental groups: SHAM (uninjured and untreated), NaCl (spinal cord contusion with NaCl application), and AF (spinal cord contusion with transplanted activated human fat). Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were measured to assess endogenous inflammation levels 14 days after injury. Sensorimotor recovery was monitored weekly for 12 weeks, and gait and electrophysiological analyses were performed at the end of this observational period. The results indicated that AF reduced endogenous inflammation post-SCI and there was a significant improvement in sensorimotor recovery. Moreover, activated adipose tissue also reinstated the segmental sensorimotor loop and the communication between supra- and sub-lesional spinal cord regions. This investigation highlights the efficacy of activated adipose tissue grafting in acute SCI, suggesting it is a promising therapeutic approach for spinal cord repair after traumatic contusion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bonnet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Céline Ertlen
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Mostafa Seblani
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Jean-Michel Brezun
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Thelma Coyle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Via Ludovico Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center «Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi», Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano (UNIMI), Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Paediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Via Ludovico Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Colli
- Podgora7 Clinic, Via Podgora 7, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Christophe Desouches
- Clinique Phénicia—CD Esthétique, 5 Boulevard Notre Dame, F-13006 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Decherchi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Buzzi Children’s Hospital, Via Ludovico Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center «Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi», Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milano (UNIMI), Via G.B. Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Tanguy Marqueste
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, UMR 7287, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement: Etienne-Jules MAREY, Equipe «Plasticité des Systèmes Nerveux et Musculaire» (PSNM), Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, CC910-163, Avenue de Luminy, CEDEX 09, F-13288 Marseille, France (J.-M.B.); (P.D.)
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Bryson M, Kloefkorn H, Idlett-Ali S, Martin K, Garraway SM, Hochman S. Emergent epileptiform activity drives spinal sensory circuits to generate ectopic bursting in intraspinal afferent axons after cord injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.03.547522. [PMID: 37461440 PMCID: PMC10349934 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.03.547522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/14/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury ( SCI ) leads to hyperexcitability and dysfunction in spinal sensory processing. As hyperexcitable circuits can become epileptiform elsewhere, we explored whether such activity emerges in spinal sensory circuits in a thoracic SCI contusion model of neuropathic pain. Recordings from spinal sensory axons in multiple below-lesion segmental dorsal roots ( DRs ) demonstrated that SCI facilitated the emergence of spontaneous ectopic burst spiking in afferent axons, which synchronized across multiple adjacent DRs. Burst frequency correlated with behavioral mechanosensitivity. The same bursting events were recruited by afferent stimulation, and timing interactions with ongoing spontaneous bursts revealed that recruitment was limited by a prolonged post-burst refractory period. Ectopic bursting in afferent axons was driven by GABA A receptor activation, presumably via shifting subthreshold GABAergic interneuronal presynaptic axoaxonic inhibitory actions to suprathreshold spiking. Collectively, the emergence of stereotyped bursting circuitry with hypersynchrony, sensory input activation, post-burst refractory period, and reorganization of connectivity represent defining features of epileptiform networks. Indeed, these same features were reproduced in naïve animals with the convulsant 4-aminopyridine ( 4-AP ). We conclude that SCI promotes the emergence of epileptiform activity in spinal sensory networks that promotes profound corruption of sensory signaling. This corruption includes downstream actions driven by ectopic afferent bursts that propagate via reentrant central and peripheral projections and GABAergic presynaptic circuit hypoexcitability during the refractory period.
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Xu J, Ding Y, Shi C, Yuan F, Sheng X, Liu Y, Xie Y, Lu H, Duan C, Hu J, Jiang L. Identification of Cathepsin B as a Therapeutic Target for Ferroptosis of Macrophage after Spinal Cord Injury. Aging Dis 2023; 15:AD.2023.0509. [PMID: 37307830 PMCID: PMC10796092 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhage and immune cell infiltration are the main pathological features of spinal cord injury (SCI). Excessive iron deposition is caused by leaking hemosiderin which may over-activate ferroptosis pathways, resulting in lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in cells. Inhibiting ferroptosis after SCI has been shown to aid functional recovery. However, the essential genes involved in cellular ferroptosis following SCI are still unknown. Here we show that Ctsb is a statistical significance gene by collecting multiple transcriptomic profiles and identifying differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes, which are abundantly expressed in myeloid cells after SCI and widely distributed at the epicenter of the injury. The expression score of ferroptosis, calculated by ferroptosis driver/suppressor genes, was high in macrophages. Furthermore, we discovered that inhibiting cathepsin B (CTSB), specifically with a small-molecule drug, CA-074-methyl ester (CA-074-me), reduced lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial dysfunction in macrophages. We also found that alternatively activated M2-polarized macrophages are more susceptible to hemin-induced ferroptosis. Consequently, CA-074-me could reduce ferroptosis, induce M2 macrophage polarization, and promote the neurological function recovery of mice after SCI. Our study comprehensively analyzed the ferroptosis after SCI from the perspective of multiple transcriptomes and provided a novel molecular target for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Yinghe Ding
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Chaoran Shi
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Feifei Yuan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Xiaolong Sheng
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Liyuan Jiang
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan Province, China.
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8
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Obaid N, Morioka K, Sinopoulou E, Nout-Lomas YS, Salegio E, Bresnahan JC, Beattie MS, Sparrey CJ. The biomechanical implications of neck position in cervical contusion animal models of SCI. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1152472. [PMID: 37346165 PMCID: PMC10280737 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1152472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Large animal contusion models of spinal cord injury are an essential precursor to developing and evaluating treatment options for human spinal cord injury. Reducing variability in these experiments has been a recent focus as it increases the sensitivity with which treatment effects can be detected while simultaneously decreasing the number of animals required in a study. Here, we conducted a detailed review to explore if head and neck positioning in a cervical contusion model of spinal cord injury could be a factor impacting the biomechanics of a spinal cord injury, and thus, the resulting outcomes. By reviewing existing literature, we found evidence that animal head/neck positioning affects the exposed level of the spinal cord, morphology of the spinal cord, tissue mechanics and as a result the biomechanics of a cervical spinal cord injury. We posited that neck position could be a hidden factor contributing to variability. Our results indicate that neck positioning is an important factor in studying biomechanics, and that reporting these values can improve inter-study consistency and comparability and that further work needs to be done to standardize positioning for cervical spinal cord contusion injury models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Numaira Obaid
- Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kazuhito Morioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Eleni Sinopoulou
- Center for Neural Repair, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yvette S. Nout-Lomas
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - Jacqueline C. Bresnahan
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Michael S. Beattie
- Brain and Spinal Injury Center, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn J. Sparrey
- Mechatronic Systems Engineering, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Vancouver, BC, Canada
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9
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Sydney-Smith JD, Koltchev AM, Moon LDF, Warren PM. Delayed viral vector mediated delivery of neurotrophin-3 improves skilled hindlimb function and stability after thoracic contusion. Exp Neurol 2023; 360:114278. [PMID: 36455639 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Intramuscular injection of an Adeno-associated viral vector serotype 1 (AAV1) encoding Neurotrophin-3 (NT3) into hindlimb muscles 24 h after a severe T9 spinal level contusion in rats has been shown to induce lumbar spinal neuroplasticity, partially restore locomotive function and reduce spasms during swimming. Here we investigate whether a targeted delivery of NT3 to lumbar and thoracic motor neurons 48 h following a severe contusive injury aids locomotive recovery in rats. AAV1-NT3 was injected bilaterally into the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius and rectus abdominus muscles 48-h following trauma, persistently elevating serum levels of the neurotrophin. NT3 modestly improved trunk stability, accuracy of stepping during skilled locomotion, and alternation of the hindlimbs during swimming, but it had no effect on gross locomotor function in the open field. The number of vGlut1+ boutons, likely arising from proprioceptive afferents, on gastrocnemius α-motor neurons was increased after injury but normalised following NT3 treatment, suggestive of a mechanism in which functional benefits may be mediated through proprioceptive feedback. Ex vivo MRI revealed substantial loss of grey and white matter at the lesion epicentre but no effect of delayed NT3 treatment to induce neuroprotection. Lower body spasms and hyperreflexia of an intrinsic paw muscle were not reliably induced in this severe injury model suggesting a more complex anatomical or physiological cause to their induction. We have shown that delayed intramuscular AAV-NT3 treatment can promote recovery in skilled stepping and coordinated swimming, supporting a role for NT3 as a therapeutic strategy for spinal injuries potentially through modulation of somatosensory feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared D Sydney-Smith
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alice M Koltchev
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Lawrence D F Moon
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Philippa M Warren
- The Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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10
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Initiating daily acute intermittent hypoxia (dAIH) therapy at 1-week after contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) improves lower urinary tract function in rat. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114242. [PMID: 36240880 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) above the level of the lumbosacral spinal cord produces lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction, resulting in impairment of urine storage and elimination (voiding). While spontaneous functional recovery occurs due to remodeling of spinal reflex micturition pathways, it is incomplete, indicating that additional strategies to further augment neural plasticity following SCI are essential. To this end, acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) exposure has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for improving recovery of respiratory and other somatic motor function following SCI; however, the impact of AIH as a therapeutic intervention to improve LUT dysfunction remains to be determined. Therefore, we examined the effects of daily AIH (dAIH) on both spontaneous micturition patterns and reflex micturition event (rME) behaviors in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats with mid-thoracic moderate contusion SCI. For these experiments, dAIH gas exposures (five alternating 3 min 12% O2 and 21% O2 episodes) were delivered for 7 consecutive days beginning at 1-week after SCI, with awake micturition patterns being evaluated weekly for 2-3 sessions before and for 4 weeks after SCI and rME behaviors elicited by continuous infusion of saline into the bladder being evaluated under urethane anesthesia at 4-weeks after SCI; daily normoxia (dNx; 21% O2 episodes) served as a control. At 1-week post-SCI, both an areflexic phenotype (i.e., no effective voiding events) and a functional voiding phenotype (i.e., infrequent voiding events with large volumes) were observed in spontaneous micturition patterns (as expected), and subsequent dAIH, but not dNx, treatment led to recovery of spontaneous void frequency pattern to pre-SCI levels; both dAIH- and dNx-treated rats exhibited slightly increased void volumes. At 4-weeks post-SCI, rME behaviors showed increased effectiveness in voiding in dAIH-treated (compared to dNx-treated) rats that included an increase in both bladder contraction pressure (delta BP; P = 0.014) and dynamic voiding efficiency (P = 0.018). Based on the voiding and non-voiding bladder contraction behaviors (VC and NVC, respectively) observed in the BP records, bladder dysfunction severity was classified into mild, moderate, and severe phenotypes, and while rats in both treatment groups included each severity phenotype, the primary phenotype observed in dAIH-treated rats was mild and that in dNx-treated rats was moderate (P = 0.044). Taken together, these findings suggest that 7-day dAIH treatment produces beneficial improvements in LUT function that include recovery of micturition pattern, more efficient voiding, and decreased NVCs, and extend support to the use of dAIH therapy to treat SCI-induced LUT dysfunction.
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11
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Xie P, Ling H, Pang M, He L, Zhuang Z, Zhang G, Chen Z, Weng C, Cheng S, Jiao J, Zhao Z, Tang BZ, Rong L. Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promoting Spinal Cord Injury Repair Visually Monitored by AIE‐Tat Nanoparticles. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peigen Xie
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Haiqian Ling
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Mao Pang
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Lei He
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Zeyan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Guiling Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University 600 Tianhe Road Guangzhou Guangdong 510630 China
| | - Zihao Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Chuanggui Weng
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Sijin Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
| | - Ju Jiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University 600 Tianhe Road Guangzhou Guangdong 510630 China
| | - Zujin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Guangdong 518172 China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Engineering and Technology Research of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Quality Control of Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Guangzhou 510600 China
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12
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Astrocytic Nrf2 expression protects spinal cord from oxidative stress following spinal cord injury in a male mouse model. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:134. [PMID: 35668451 PMCID: PMC9169394 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) induces a multitude of deleterious processes, including neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) which contributed to neuronal damage and demyelination. Recent studies have suggested that increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the consequent OS are critical events associated with SCI. However, there is still little information regarding the impact of these events on SCI. Astrocytes are key regulators of oxidative homeostasis in the CNS and astrocytic antioxidant responses promote the clearance of oxidants produced by neurons. Therefore, dysregulation of astrocyte physiology might largely contribute to oxidative damage. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the main transcriptional regulator of cellular anti-oxidative stress responses. METHODS In the current study, we hypothesized that astrocytic activation of Nrf2 protects the spinal cord post injury via suppression of neuroinflammation. Thus, using mice line with a GFAP-specific kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-deletion, we induced a hyperactivation of Nrf2 in astrocytes and further its effects on SCI outcomes. SCI-induction was performed in mice using the Infinite Horizon Spinal Cord Impactor with a force of 60 kdyn. To assess the quantitative pattern of Nrf2/ARE-activation, we included transgenic ARE-Luc mice. Data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Brown-Forsythe test was performed to test for equal variances and normal distribution was tested with Shapiro-Wilk. RESULTS In ARE-Luc mice, a significant induction of luciferase-activity was observed as early as 1 day post-injury, indicating a functional role of Nrf2-activity at the epicenter of SCI. Furthermore, SCI induced loss of neurons and oligodendrocytes, demyelination and inflammation in wild type mice. The loss of myelin and oligodendrocytes was clearly reduced in Keap1 KO mice. In addition, Keap-1 KO mice showed a significantly better locomotor function and lower neuroinflammation responses compared to wild type mice. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our in vivo bioluminescence data showed Nrf2-ARE activation during primary phase of SCI. Furthermore, we found that cell specific hyperactivation of Nrf2 was sufficient to protect the spinal cord against injury which indicate a promising therapeutic approach for SCI-treatment.
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13
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A Simple and Cost-Effective Weight Drop Model to Induce Contusive Spinal Cord Injury: Functional and Histological Outcomes. ARCHIVES OF NEUROSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/ans.118775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background: Animal spinal cord injury (SCI) models have provided a better perception of the mechanisms related to traumatic SCI and evaluation of the effectiveness of experimental therapeutic interventions. Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop a cost-effective modified Allen's device to induce contusive spinal cord injury. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to contusive spinal cord injury using a customized weight drop model through 10-g weights delivered from a 25-mm height onto an exposed spinal cord. Locomotor and sensory function during 28 days were assessed. Moreover, histopathological changes were assessed at one week and 28 days post SCI. Results: All the SCI rats showed hind limb paralysis up to 48 h post SCI and neuropathic pain after injury. Histological changes similar to the previous reports for contusion model were observed. Conclusions: According to our findings, little variability was observed in the BBB score of individual rats at 28 days after injury. Our customized device to induce spinal cord injury is a simple and inexpensive alternative method to the highly sophisticated contusion device commonly used to induce SCI.
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14
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Li C, Qin T, Zhao J, He R, Wen H, Duan C, Lu H, Cao Y, Hu J. Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosome-Educated Macrophages Promote Functional Healing After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:725573. [PMID: 34650405 PMCID: PMC8506031 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.725573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord injury is a site of severe central nervous system (CNS) trauma and disease without an effective treatment strategy. Neurovascular injuries occur spontaneously following spinal cord injury (SCI), leading to irreversible loss of motor and sensory function. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived exosome-educated macrophages (EEM) have great characteristics as therapeutic candidates for SCI treatment. It remains unknown whether EEM could promote functional healing after SCI. The effect of EEM on neurovascular regeneration after SCI needs to be further explored. We generated M2-like macrophages using exosomes isolated from BMSCs, which were known as EEM, and directly used these EEM for SCI treatment. We aimed to investigate the effects of EEM using a spinal cord contusive injury mouse model in vivo combined with an in vitro cell functional assay and compared the results to those of a normal spinal cord without any biological intervention, or PBS treatment or macrophage alone (MQ). Neurological function measurements and histochemical tests were performed to evaluate the effect of EEM on angiogenesis and axon regrowth. In the current study, we found that treatment with EEM effectively promoted the angiogenic activity of HUVECs and axonal growth in cortical neurons. Furthermore, exogenous administration of EEM directly into the injured spinal cord could promote neurological functional healing by modulating angiogenesis and axon growth. EEM treatment could provide a novel strategy to promote healing after SCI and various other neurovascular injury disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Li
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jinyun Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Rundong He
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Haicheng Wen
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyue Duan
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Research Centre of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
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15
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Cao Y, Xu Y, Chen C, Xie H, Lu H, Hu J. Local delivery of USC-derived exosomes harboring ANGPTL3 enhances spinal cord functional recovery after injury by promoting angiogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:20. [PMID: 33413639 PMCID: PMC7791988 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury is a devastating clinical condition for which there are currently no effective therapeutic options. In the present study, we aim to investigate if the effect of an administered injection of exosomes derived from human urine stem cell (USC-Exo) embedded in hydrogel could improve the spinal cord functional recovery after injury and the underlying mechanism. Methods Exosomes were isolated from USC and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blot. Functional assays in vitro were performed to assess the effects of USC-Exo on tube formation and migration, as well as their regulatory role in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation. A locally administered injection of exosome embedded in hydrogel was used for SCI treatment. The effects of USC-Exo on functional recovery and the role of the candidate protein ANGPTL3 harboring in USC-Exo for promoting angiogenesis in SCI model were assessed. Results In the current study, we demonstrate that a locally administered injection of USC-Exo embedded in hydrogel can pass the spinal cord blood-brain barrier and deliver ANGPTL3 to the injured spinal cord region. In addition, the administration of human USC-Exo could enhance spinal cord neurological functional recovery by promoting angiogenesis. The results of mechanistic studies revealed that ANGPTL3 is enriched in USC-Exo and is required for their ability to promote angiogenesis. Functional studies further confirmed that the effects of USC-Exo on angiogenesis are mediated by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion Collectively, our results indicate that USC-Exo serve as a crucial regulator of angiogenesis by delivering ANGPTL3 and may represent a promising novel therapeutic agent for SCI repair. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02078-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chunyuan Chen
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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16
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Yao Y, Wang J, He T, Li H, Hu J, Zheng M, Ding Y, Chen YY, Shen Y, Wang LL, Zhu Y. Microarray assay of circular RNAs reveals cicRNA.7079 as a new anti-apoptotic molecule in spinal cord injury in mice. Brain Res Bull 2020; 164:157-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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Guest JD, Moore SW, Aimetti AA, Kutikov AB, Santamaria AJ, Hofstetter CP, Ropper AE, Theodore N, Ulich TR, Layer RT. Internal decompression of the acutely contused spinal cord: Differential effects of irrigation only versus biodegradable scaffold implantation. Biomaterials 2018; 185:284-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Kim H, Kim JW, Hyun JK, Park I. Multimodal sensor-based weight drop spinal cord impact system for large animals. Spine J 2017; 17:1947-1955. [PMID: 28844010 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.08.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT A conventional weight drop spinal cord (SC) impact system for large animals is composed of a high-speed video camera, a vision system, and other things. However, a camera with high speed at over 5,000 frames per second (FPS) is very expensive. In addition, the use of the vision system involves complex pattern recognition algorithms and accurate arrangement of the camera and the target. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to develop a large animal spinal cord injury (SCI) modeling system using a multimodal sensor instead of a high-speed video camera and vision system. Another objective of this study was to demonstrate the possibility of the developed system to measure the impact parameters in the experiments using different stiffness materials and an in vivo porcine SC. STUDY DESIGN A multimodal sensor-based SCI impact system was developed for large animals. The experiments to measure SC impact parameters were then performed using three different stiffness materials and a Yucatan miniature pig to verify the performance of system developed. METHODS A comparative experiment was performed using three different stiffness materials such as high-density (HD) sponge, rubber, and clay to demonstrate the system and perform measurement for impact parameters such as impact velocity, impulsive force, and maximally compressed displacement reflecting physical properties of materials. In the animal experiment, a female Yucatan miniature pig of 60-kg weight was used. Impact conditions for all experiments were fixed at freefalling object mass of 50 g and height of 20 cm. RESULTS In the impact test, measured impact velocities were almost the same for the three different stiffness materials at 1.84±0.0153 m/s. Impulsive forces for the three materials of rubber, HD sponge, and clay were 50.88 N, 32.35 N, and 6.68 N, respectively. Maximally compressed displacements for rubber, HD sponge, and clay were 1.93 mm, 3.35 mm, and 15.01 mm, respectively. In the pig experiment, impact velocity, impulsive force, and maximally compressed dural displacement were measured at 1.84 m/s, 13.35 N, and 3.04 mm, respectively. After 3 days from the experiment, paralysis was confirmed for the lower half body of the experimental pig. CONCLUSIONS Through experiments, it was verified that our proposed system could be used to measure the SC impact parameters and induce SCI for large animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongbeom Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wan Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 PLUS NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilyong Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Dankook University, 119, Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea.
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