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Yang L, Wang Y, Xu Y, Li K, Yin R, Zhang L, Wang D, Wei L, Lang J, Cheng Y, Wang L, Ke J, Zhao D. ANGPTL3 is a novel HDL component that regulates HDL function. J Transl Med 2024; 22:263. [PMID: 38462608 PMCID: PMC10926621 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is secreted by hepatocytes and inhibits lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase activity. Previous studies reported the correlation between plasma ANGPTL3 levels and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Recently ANGPTL3 was found to preferentially bind to HDL in healthy human circulation. Here, we examined whether ANGPTL3, as a component of HDL, modulates HDL function and affects HDL other components in human and mice with non-diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS HDL was isolated from the plasma of female non-diabetic subjects and type-2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients. Immunoprecipitation, western blot, and ELISA assays were used to examine ANGPTL3 levels in HDL. Db/m and db/db mice, AAV virus mediated ANGPTL3 overexpression and knockdown models and ANGPTL3 knockout mice were used. The cholesterol efflux capacity induced by HDL was analyzed in macrophages preloaded with fluorescent cholesterol. The anti-inflammation capacity of HDL was assessed using flow cytometry to measure VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression levels in TNF-α-stimulated endothelial cells pretreated with HDL. RESULTS ANGPTL3 was found to bind to HDL and be a component of HDL in both non-diabetic subjects and T2DM patients. Flag-ANGPTL3 was found in the HDL of transgenic mice overexpressing Flag-ANGPTL3. ANGPLT3 of HDL was positively associated with cholesterol efflux in female non-diabetic controls (r = 0.4102, p = 0.0117) but not in female T2DM patients (r = - 0.1725, p = 0.3224). Lower ANGPTL3 levels of HDL were found in diabetic (db/db) mice compared to control (db/m) mice and were associated with reduced cholesterol efflux and inhibition of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression in endothelial cells (p < 0.05 for all). Following AAV-mediated ANGPTL3 cDNA transfer in db/db mice, ANGPTL3 levels were found to be increased in HDL, and corresponded to increased cholesterol efflux and decreased ICAM-1 expression. In contrast, knockdown of ANGPTL3 levels in HDL by AAV-mediated shRNA transfer led to a reduction in HDL function (p < 0.05 for both). Plasma total cholesterol, total triglycerides, HDL-c, protein components of HDL and the cholesterol efflux function of HDL were lower in ANGPTL3-/- mice than ANGPTL3+/+ mice, suggesting that ANGPTL3 in HDL may regulate HDL function by disrupting the balance of protein components in HDL. CONCLUSION ANGPTL3 was identified as a component of HDL in humans and mice. ANGPTL3 of HDL regulated cholesterol efflux and the anti-inflammatory functions of HDL in T2DM mice. Both the protein components of HDL and cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL were decreased in ANGPTL3-/- mice. Our findings suggest that ANGPTL3 in HDL may regulate HDL function by disrupting the balance of protein components in HDL. Our study contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the role of ANGPTL3 in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Yang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsong Xu
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Li
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Ruili Yin
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Jianan Lang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Cheng
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ke
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China.
| | - Dong Zhao
- Center for Endocrine Metabolism and Immune Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing, China.
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Tomlinson B, Wu QY, Zhong YM, Li YH. Advances in Dyslipidaemia Treatments: Focusing on ApoC3 and ANGPTL3 Inhibitors. J Lipid Atheroscler 2024; 13:2-20. [PMID: 38299167 PMCID: PMC10825570 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2024.13.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C3 (apoC3) and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) inhibit lipolysis by lipoprotein lipase and may influence the secretion and uptake of various lipoproteins. Genetic studies show that depletion of these proteins is associated with improved lipid profiles and reduced cardiovascular events so it was anticipated that drugs which mimic the effects of loss-of-function mutations would be useful lipid treatments. ANGPTL3 inhibitors were initially developed as a treatment for severe hypertriglyceridaemia including familial chylomicronaemia syndrome (FCS), which is usually not adequately controlled with currently available drugs. However, it was found ANGPTL3 inhibitors were also effective in reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and they were studied in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). Evinacumab targets ANGPTL3 and reduced LDL-C by about 50% in patients with homozygous FH and it has been approved for that indication. The antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) vupanorsen targeting ANGPTL3 was less effective in reducing LDL-C in patients with moderate hypertriglyceridaemia and its development has been discontinued but the small interfering RNA (siRNA) ARO-ANG3 is being investigated in Phase 2 studies. ApoC3 can be inhibited by the ASO volanesorsen, which reduced triglycerides by >70% in patients with FCS and it was approved for FCS in Europe but not in the United States because of concerns about thrombocytopaenia. Olezarsen is an N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated ASO targeting apoC3 which appears as effective as volanesorsen without the risk of thrombocytopaenia and is undergoing Phase 3 trials. ARO-APOC3 is an siRNA targeting apoC3 that is currently being investigated in Phase 3 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Qian-yan Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-ming Zhong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-hong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Ji B, Liu J, Ma Y, Yin Y, Xu H, Shen Q, Yu J. Minnelide combined with Angptl3 knockout completely protects mice with adriamycin nephropathy via suppression of TGF-β1-Smad2 and p53 pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 115:109656. [PMID: 36608441 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Minimal change disease (MCD) is the common type of nephrotic syndrome in children. There is an urgent need to explore new treatment methods as current treatments have many drawbacks and cause significant side effects. Our group found that Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (Angptl3) is closely related to renal disease and Angptl3 knockout significantly alleviated proteinuria in mice with adriamycin nephropathy (AN), however, some proteinuria was still present. Minnelide is a water-soluble prodrug of triptolide which has been used for the treatment of glomerular diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether minnelide, combined with Angptl3 knockout, could completely protect mice with AN and its mechanism. AN was induced in B6;129S5 female mice by tail vein injection of 25 mg/kg of Adriamycin (ADR), and treatment with 200 ug/kg/d of minnelide. The results showed that minnelide combined with Angptl3 knockout completely reduced proteinuria and restored the foot processes in mice with AN. Moreover, in Angptl3 knockout mice with AN, minnelide restored the distribution of nephrin, podocin and cd2ap and reduced inflammatory factors (Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)). Through RNA sequencing and related experiments, we found minnelide could ameliorate fibrosis and apoptosis by inhibiting TGF-β1-Smad2 and p53 pathways in Angptl3 knockout mice with AN, respectively. In Angptl3 knockout primary podocytes, triptolide alleviates ADR-induced decreases in nephrin, podocin and cd2ap, upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2. Overall, our study shows that minnelide combined with Angptl3 knockout completely protects mice with AN by inhibiting the TGF-β1-smad2 and p53 pathways.
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Kim JY, Kim NH. New Therapeutic Approaches to the Treatment of Dyslipidemia 1: ApoC-III and ANGPTL3. J Lipid Atheroscler 2023; 12:23-36. [PMID: 36761060 PMCID: PMC9884553 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2023.12.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering therapy that increases LDL receptor expression in several ways robustly reduces the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, a substantial risk of CVD still remains after intensive LDL-C reduction, which requires new treatment modalities for dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk management. Triglycerides (TGs) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) have received attention as indicators of residual cardiovascular risk and as direct causal factors for atherosclerosis and CVDs. Advances in understanding TG and TRL metabolism and their association with clinically evident CVDs have led to the development of novel therapeutic targets, including apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3). Genetic association studies have indicated that both apoC-III and ANGPTL3 play a causal role in the development of atherosclerotic CVD. Both molecules contribute to lipid dysregulation and atherosclerosis primarily by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase; however, recent evidence has shown that novel pathways exist in relation to their lipid-modifying activities. Notably, recent progress in therapeutic approaches, such as monoclonal antibodies or antisense oligonucleotides, has led to several novel therapeutics targeting apoC-III and ANGPTL3. This review summarized the recent updates and discussions related to apoC-III and ANGPTL3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia usually results from multiple small-effect variants in genes that control triglyceride metabolism. Hypertriglyceridemia is a critical component of the metabolic syndrome but can also occur secondary to several other conditions or drugs. Hypertriglyceridemia frequently is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Statins are the mainstay of CVD prevention in hypertriglyceridemia, but eicosapentaenoic ethyl esters should be added in very-high-risk individuals. Although fibrates lower triglyceride levels, their role in CVD prevention remains unclear. Familial partial lipodystrophy is another relatively rare cause, although its true incidence is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chait
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican, Box 358062, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Zambon A, Averna M, D'Erasmo L, Arca M, Catapano A. New and Emerging Therapies for Dyslipidemia. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2022; 51:635-653. [PMID: 35963633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) continues to represent a growing global health challenge. Despite guideline-recommended treatment of ASCVD risk, including antihypertensive, high-intensity statin therapy, and antiaggregant agents, high-risk patients, especially those with established ASCVD and patients with type 2 diabetes, continue to experience cardiovascular events. Recent years have brought significant developments in lipid and atherosclerosis research. Several lipid drugs owe their existence, in part, to human genetic evidence. Here, the authors briefly review the mechanisms, the effect on lipid parameters, and safety profiles of some of the most promising new lipid-lowering approaches that will be soon available in our daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Zambon
- University of Padova, Clinica Medica 1, Department of Medicine - DIMED, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35128, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Averna
- Policlinico, Paolo Giaccone, Via del Vespro 149, Palermo 90127, Italy
| | - Laura D'Erasmo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University of Rome, Viale dell' Università 37, Sapienza 00161, Italy
| | - Marcello Arca
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, University of Rome, Viale dell' Università 37, Sapienza 00161, Italy
| | - Alberico Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Balzaretti 9, Milan 20133, Italy; IRCCS MultiMedica, Via Milanese 300, Sesto San Giovanni (MI) 200099, Italy
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Abstract
High levels of triglycerides (TG) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) confer a residual risk of cardiovascular disease after optimal low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering therapy. Consensus has been made that LDL-C is a non-arguable primary target for lipid lowering treatment, but the optimization of TGRL for reducing the remnant risk of cardiovascular diseases is urged. Omega-3 fatty acids and fibrates are used to reduce TG levels, but many patients still have high TG and TGRL levels combined with low high-density lipoprotein concentration that need to be ideally treated. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key regulator for TGs that hydrolyzes TGs to glycerol and free fatty acids in lipoprotein particles for lipid storage and consumption in peripheral organs. A deeper understanding of human genetics has enabled the identification of proteins regulating the LPL activity, which include the apolipoproteins and angiopoietin-like families. Novel therapeutic approach such as antisense oligonucleotides and monoclonal antibodies that regulate TGs have been developed in recent decades. In this article, we focus on the biology of LPL and its modulators and review recent clinical application, including genetic studies and clinical trials of novel therapeutics. Optimization of LPL activity to lower TG levels could eventually reduce incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in conjunction with successful LDL-C reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ho Moon
- Divison of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyuho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Divison of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Divison of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Sung Hee Choi. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 82 Gumi-ro 173beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13620, Korea Tel: +82-31-787-7033, Fax: +82-31-787-4070, E-mail:
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Abstract
Statins are the cornerstone of the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, even under optimal statin therapy, a significant residual ASCVD risk remains. Therefore, there has been an unmet clinical need for novel lipid-lowering agents that can target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other atherogenic particles. During the past decade, several drugs have been developed for the treatment of dyslipidemia. Inclisiran, a small interfering RNA that targets proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), shows comparable effects to that of PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies. Bempedoic acid, an ATP citrate lyase inhibitor, is a valuable treatment option for the patients with statin intolerance. Pemafibrate, the first selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha modulator, showed a favorable benefit-risk balance in phase 2 trial, but the large clinical phase 3 trial (PROMINENT) was recently stopped for futility based on a late interim analysis. High dose icosapent ethyl, a modified eicosapentaenoic acid preparation, shows cardiovascular benefits. Evinacumab, an angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) monoclonal antibody, reduces plasma LDL-C levels in patients with refractory hypercholesterolemia. Novel antisense oligonucleotides targeting apolipoprotein C3 (apoC3), ANGPTL3, and lipoprotein(a) have significantly attenuated the levels of their target molecules with beneficial effects on associated dyslipidemias. Apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) is considered as a potential treatment to exploit the athero-protective effects of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), but solid clinical evidence is necessary. In this review, we discuss the mode of action and clinical outcomes of these novel lipid-lowering agents beyond statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Henry N. Ginsberg
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY,
USA
| | - Sung Hee Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam,
Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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Schmid A, Belikan H, Höpfinger A, Schäffler A, Karrasch T. Impact of oral lipid and glucose tolerance tests on the postprandial concentrations of angiopoietin-like proteins (Angptl) 3 and 4. Eur J Nutr 2021. [PMID: 34951653 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The postprandial regulation of angiopoietin-like proteins (Angptls) and their expression in adipocytes is poorly characterized. Objective Circulating Angptl3 and 4 were analyzed in healthy individuals undergoing either an oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT; n = 98) or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; n = 99). Venous blood was drawn after 0, 2, 4, and 6 h during OLTT and after 0, 1, and 2 h during OGTT. Anthropometric and laboratory parameters were assessed and concentrations of Angptls were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Angptl gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in murine adipose tissues and cellular fractions was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Angptl3 concentrations significantly decreased while Angptl4 levels continuously increased during OLTT. Both proteins remained unaffected during OGTT. Angptl3 and Angptl4 were expressed in murine subcutaneous and visceral AT with higher mRNA levels in mature adipocytes when compared to the stroma-vascular cell fraction. Both proteins were strongly induced during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and they were unresponsive to glucose in mature fat cells. Adipocyte Angptl3 (but not Angptl4) mRNA expression was inhibited by the polyunsaturated fatty acids arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, whereas nine types of dietary fatty acids remained without any effect. Conclusions There is evidence of short-time regulation of Angptl3/4 levels upon metabolic stress. Angptl4 expression is high and Angptl3 expression is low in AT and restricted mainly to mature adipocytes without any differences concerning fat compartments. Whereas dietary fatty acids and glucose are without any effect, omega-3/-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibited Anptl3 expression in adipocytes.
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Foss-Freitas MC, Akinci B, Neidert A, Bartlett VJ, Hurh E, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Oral EA. Selective targeting of angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) with vupanorsen for the treatment of patients with familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD): results of a proof-of-concept study. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:174. [PMID: 34865644 PMCID: PMC8647384 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01589-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a rare disease characterized by selective loss of peripheral subcutaneous fat, associated with dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Reductions in circulating levels of ANGPTL3 are associated with lower triglyceride and other atherogenic lipids, making it an attractive target for treatment of FPLD patients. This proof-of-concept study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of targeting ANGPTL3 with vupanorsen in patients with FPLD. METHODS This was an open-label study. Four patients with FPLD (two with pathogenic variants in LMNA gene, and two with no causative genetic variant), diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 7.0 % and ≤ 12 %), hypertriglyceridemia (≥ 500 mg/dL), and hepatic steatosis (hepatic fat fraction, HFF ≥ 6.4 %) were included. Patients received vupanorsen subcutaneously at a dose of 20 mg weekly for 26 weeks. The primary endpoint was the percent change from baseline in fasting triglycerides at Week 27. Other endpoints analyzed at the same time point included changes in ANGPTL3, fasting lipids and lipoproteins, insulin secretion/sensitivity, postprandial lipids, and glycemic changes in response to a mixed meal test, HFF measured by MRI, and body composition measured by dual-energy absorptiometry (DEXA). RESULTS Baseline mean ± SD fasting triglyceride level was 9.24 ± 4.9 mmol/L (817.8 ± 431.9 mg/dL). Treatment resulted in reduction in fasting levels of triglycerides by 59.9 %, ANGPTL3 by 54.7 %, and in several other lipoproteins/lipids, including very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 53.5 %, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 20.9 %, and free fatty acids (FFA) by 41.7 %. The area under the curve for postprandial triglycerides, FFA, and glucose was reduced by 60 %, 32 %, and 14 %, respectively. Treatment with vupanorsen also resulted in 55 % reduction in adipose tissue insulin resistance index, while other insulin sensitivity indices and HbA1c levels were not changed. Additional investigations into HFF and DEXA parameters suggested dynamic changes in fat partitioning during treatment. Adverse events observed were related to common serious complications associated with diabetes and FPLD. Vupanorsen was well tolerated, and there was no effect on platelet count. CONCLUSIONS Although limited, these results suggest that targeting ANGPTL3 with vupanorsen could address several metabolic abnormalities in patients with FPLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Foss-Freitas
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Caswell Diabetes Institute, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, 25-3696, MI, 48109-2800, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Baris Akinci
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
- Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Caswell Diabetes Institute, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, 25-3696, MI, 48109-2800, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Adam Neidert
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA
- Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Caswell Diabetes Institute, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, 25-3696, MI, 48109-2800, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Eunju Hurh
- Akcea Therapeutics, Inc, MA, Boston, USA
| | | | - Elif A Oral
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes and Caswell Diabetes Institute, University of Michigan, MI, Ann Arbor, USA.
- Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Caswell Diabetes Institute, 2800 Plymouth Road, North Campus Research Complex, 25-3696, MI, 48109-2800, Ann Arbor, USA.
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Wang Y, Yoshida Y, Kamiie J, Shiwaku Y, Suzuki O, Furuya M, Yokota K, Kanetaka H, Yokoi T, Kawashita M. Proteomic identification of serum proteins to induce osteoconductivity of hydroxyapatite. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:1428-1436. [PMID: 34349048 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We performed proteomic analysis of rat serum proteins adsorbed on hydroxyapatite (HAp) and α-alumina (α-Al2O3) in order to identify proteins that specifically adsorb onto HAp and control cellular responses. Proteins with either or both molecular weight of 22-32 kDa and computed isoelectric point of 5.0-5.5 were preferentially adsorbed on HAp. In total, 182 proteins were adsorbed on both HAp and α-Al2O3, of which 14 were highly enriched on HAp, whereas 68 were adsorbed only on HAp. Therefore, 82 (14+68) proteins were further evaluated by bioinformatics and literature-based analyses. We predicted that hepatocyte growth factor and angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) are candidate proteins responsible for the osteoconductivity of HAp. Although ANGPTL3 promoted the attachment and spreading of MC3T3-E1 cells, it did not promote their proliferation and differentiation. Our results suggest that specific adsorption of ANGPTL3 on HAp induced osteoconductivity by enhancing the attachment and spreading of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Wang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University
| | - Yutaka Yoshida
- Department of Structural Pathology, Kidney Research Center, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiroyasu Kanetaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University.,Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
| | - Taishi Yokoi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Masakazu Kawashita
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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Gaudet D, Karwatowska-Prokopczuk E, Baum SJ, Hurh E, Kingsbury J, Bartlett VJ, Figueroa AL, Piscitelli P, Singleton W, Witztum JL, Geary RS, Tsimikas S, O'Dea LSL. Vupanorsen, an N-acetyl galactosamine-conjugated antisense drug to ANGPTL3 mRNA, lowers triglycerides and atherogenic lipoproteins in patients with diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and hypertriglyceridaemia. Eur Heart J 2021; 41:3936-3945. [PMID: 32860031 PMCID: PMC7750927 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Loss-of-function mutations in ANGPTL3 are associated with beneficial effects on lipid and glucose metabolism and reduced risk of coronary artery disease. Vupanorsen (AKCEA-ANGPTL3-L Rx ) is an N-acetyl galactosamine-conjugated antisense oligonucleotide targeted to the liver that selectively inhibits angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) protein synthesis. Methods and results This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging, Phase 2 study. Patients (N =105) with fasting triglycerides >150 mg/dL (>1.7 mmol/L), type 2 diabetes, and hepatic steatosis were treated for 6 months with 40 or 80 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W), or 20 mg every week (QW) of vupanorsen, or placebo given subcutaneously. The primary efficacy endpoint was per cent change in fasting triglycerides from baseline at 6 months. Median baseline triglycerides were 2.84 mmol/L (252 mg/dL). Significant reductions in triglycerides of 36%, 53%, 47%, and in ANGPTL3 of 41%, 59%, 56%, were observed in the 40 mg Q4W, 80 mg Q4W, and 20 mg QW groups, respectively, compared with 16% reduction in triglycerides and 8% increase in ANGPTL3 in placebo. Compared with placebo, vupanorsen 80 mg Q4W reduced apolipoprotein C-III (58%), remnant cholesterol (38%), total cholesterol (19%), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C; 18%), HDL-C (24%), and apolipoprotein B (9%). There was no improvement in glycaemic parameters, or hepatic fat fraction. Treatment with vupanorsen was not associated with clinically significant changes in platelet counts, and the most common adverse events were those at the injection site, which were generally mild. Conclusion Vupanorsen results in a favourable lipid/lipoprotein profile and provides a potential strategy for residual cardiovascular risk reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gaudet
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal and Ecogene-21 Clinical Research Centre, Chicoutimi, QC, Canada
| | | | - Seth J Baum
- Excel Medical Clinical Trials, LLC, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Eunju Hurh
- Akcea Therapeutics, Inc, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph L Witztum
- Department of Medicine, University California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Sotirios Tsimikas
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Carlsbad, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite significant progress in plasma lipid lowering strategies, recent clinical trials highlight the existence of residual cardiovascular risk. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and apolipoprotein C-III (Apo C-III) have been identified as novel lipid-lowering targets. RECENT FINDINGS Apo C-III and ANGPTL3 have emerged as novel regulators of triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. ANGPTL3 is an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), reducing lipolysis of Apo B-containing lipoproteins. Loss-of-function ANGPLT3 mutations are associated with reduced plasma cholesterol and TG, while novel ANGPLT3 inhibition strategies, including monoclonal antibodies (evinacumab), ANGPLT3 antisense oligonucleotides (IONIS-ANGPTL3-LRx), and small interfering RNA (siRNA) silencing techniques (ARO-ANG3), result in increased lipolysis and significant reductions of LDL-C and TG levels in phase I and II clinical trials. Similarly, Apo C-III inhibits LPL while promoting the hepatic secretion of TG-rich lipoproteins and preventing their clearance. Loss-of-function APOC3 mutations have been associated with reduced TG levels. Targeting of Apo C-III with volanesorsen, an APOC3 siRNA, results in significant reduction in plasma TG levels but possibly also increased risk for thrombocytopenia, as recently demonstrated in phase I, II, and III clinical trials. ARO-APOC3 is a novel siRNA-based agent targeting Apo C-III which is currently under investigation with regard to its lipid-lowering efficiency. ANGPTL3 and Apo C-III targeting agents have demonstrated striking lipid-lowering effects in recent clinical trials; however, more thorough safety and efficacy data are required. Here, we evaluate the role of ANGPLT3 and Apo C-III in lipid metabolism, present the latest clinical advances targeting those molecules, and outline the remaining scientific challenges on residual lipid-associated cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Akoumianakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Evangelia Zvintzou
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Achaias, Rio, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Kypreos
- Department of Medicine, Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Achaias, Rio, Greece.,Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Theodosios D Filippatos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Metabolic Diseases Research Unit, Internal Medicine Laboratory, School of Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
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14
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Cao Y, Xu Y, Chen C, Xie H, Lu H, Hu J. Local delivery of USC-derived exosomes harboring ANGPTL3 enhances spinal cord functional recovery after injury by promoting angiogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:20. [PMID: 33413639 PMCID: PMC7791988 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury is a devastating clinical condition for which there are currently no effective therapeutic options. In the present study, we aim to investigate if the effect of an administered injection of exosomes derived from human urine stem cell (USC-Exo) embedded in hydrogel could improve the spinal cord functional recovery after injury and the underlying mechanism. Methods Exosomes were isolated from USC and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Western blot. Functional assays in vitro were performed to assess the effects of USC-Exo on tube formation and migration, as well as their regulatory role in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation. A locally administered injection of exosome embedded in hydrogel was used for SCI treatment. The effects of USC-Exo on functional recovery and the role of the candidate protein ANGPTL3 harboring in USC-Exo for promoting angiogenesis in SCI model were assessed. Results In the current study, we demonstrate that a locally administered injection of USC-Exo embedded in hydrogel can pass the spinal cord blood-brain barrier and deliver ANGPTL3 to the injured spinal cord region. In addition, the administration of human USC-Exo could enhance spinal cord neurological functional recovery by promoting angiogenesis. The results of mechanistic studies revealed that ANGPTL3 is enriched in USC-Exo and is required for their ability to promote angiogenesis. Functional studies further confirmed that the effects of USC-Exo on angiogenesis are mediated by the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusion Collectively, our results indicate that USC-Exo serve as a crucial regulator of angiogenesis by delivering ANGPTL3 and may represent a promising novel therapeutic agent for SCI repair. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-020-02078-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cao
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Chunyuan Chen
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Hongbin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Jianzhong Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery and Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
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15
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Vatannejad A, Salimi F, Moradi N, Fouani FZ, Zandieh Z, Ansaripour S, Sadeghi A, Fadaei R. Evaluation of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) levels in polycystic ovary syndrome. Life Sci 2020; 263:118595. [PMID: 33075372 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) is recognized as a regulator of lipid metabolism. However, little is known about its association with insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) setting. The present study aimed to investigate the serum levels of ANGPTL3 and adiponectin in PCOS women compared to healthy controls. MAIN METHOD In this study, a total of 175 premenopausal women (117 PCOS and 58 non-PCOS) were enrolled. Serum concentrations of ANGPTL3, adiponectin, fasting insulin, and other hormonal variables were measured using ELISA technique. KEY FINDINGS Results showed that adiponectin levels were significantly lower in PCOS group than those of non-PCOS group. However, serum levels of ANGPTL3, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) were found to be higher in PCOS patients, when compared to non-PCOS ones. Moreover, serum ANGPTL3 positively correlated with BMI and serum triglyceride, while it inversely correlated with serum HDL-C in PCOS patients. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrated that increased levels of ANGPTL3 correlated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in PCOS patients, highlighting the need for future studies targeting its role in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Vatannejad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fouzieh Salimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nariman Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fatima Zahraa Fouani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandieh
- Shahid Akbar Abadi Clinical Research Development Unit (ShACRDU), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Ansaripour
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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16
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Harada-Shiba M, Ali S, Gipe DA, Gasparino E, Son V, Zhang Y, Pordy R, Catapano AL. A randomized study investigating the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of evinacumab, an ANGPTL3 inhibitor, in healthy Japanese and Caucasian subjects. Atherosclerosis 2020; 314:33-40. [PMID: 33130482 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Evinacumab, an angiopoietin-like protein 3 monoclonal antibody, reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly in a Phase 2 study of patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 1 study, we compared safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of evinacumab between healthy Japanese and Caucasian adults. METHODS Subjects with LDL-C ≥2.6 and <4.1 mmol/L were enrolled to one of four dose cohorts: evinacumab subcutaneous (SC) 300 mg single dose, SC 300 mg once weekly for eight doses, intravenous (IV) 5 mg/kg, or IV 15 mg/kg once every 4 weeks for two doses. Each cohort comprised 24 subjects (12 Japanese; 12 Caucasian), randomized (3:1) to receive evinacumab or placebo within each ethnic group with a 24-week follow-up. RESULTS The safety profile of evinacumab (IV and SC) in both ethnicities was comparable with placebo, with no serious or severe treatment-emergent adverse events. Pharmacokinetic profiles were comparable between Japanese and Caucasian subjects across IV and SC groups. Mean calculated LDL-C decreased from baseline with both IV doses, beginning on day 3 up to week 8. Triglyceride changes observed with evinacumab IV were rapid (seen by day 2) and sustained up to week 8. Evinacumab SC doses also reduced LDL-C and triglyceride levels, although lower doses induced smaller changes. Evinacumab (IV and SC) reduced other lipids, including apolipoprotein B, versus placebo. CONCLUSIONS In both ethnicities, evinacumab (IV and SC) was generally well tolerated, exhibiting comparable pharmacokinetic profiles. Dose-related reductions in LDL-C and triglycerides were observed with evinacumab in both ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shazia Ali
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Vladimir Son
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Robert Pordy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences University of Milan and IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
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17
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Zhao T, Liang X, Chen J, Bao Y, Wang A, Gan X, Lu X, Wang L. ANGPTL3 inhibits renal cell carcinoma metastasis by inhibiting VASP phosphorylation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 516:880-887. [PMID: 31270029 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) comprise a group of proteins that are structurally similar to angiopoietins. In our previous studies, we found that ANGPTL3 can inhibit sorafenib resistance in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). According to bioinformatics analysis based on data in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we found that expression of ANGPTL3 was significantly lower in RCC tissues than in adjacent tissues and that disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly shorter in patients with lower ANGPTL3 levels than in those with higher ANGPTL3 levels. Consistent with these results, we demonstrated that RCC tissues exhibited lower ANGPTL3 mRNA and protein expression levels than paired adjacent tissues. Moreover, we found that ANGPTL3 upregulation was associated with better clinical outcomes in RCC patients. ANGPTL3 overexpression inhibited the metastatic ability in RCC cells. Mechanistically, ANGPTL3 binds to vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and inhibits its phosphorylation at amino acid 157 in RCC cells. Finally, ANGPTL3 expression and VASP-157 phosphorylation may be combined to predict the prognosis of RCC patients. Overall, our findings describe the role of ANGPTL3 in inhibiting RCC metastasis and thus provide new molecular markers for RCC treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangliang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xiaolong Liang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Junming Chen
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Anbang Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xinxin Gan
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China.
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Gao X, Suo Y, Zhang M, Wang Y, Gao X, Bing Q, Liu Q. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 markedly enhanced in the hyperlipidemia related proteinuria. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:116. [PMID: 31103046 PMCID: PMC6525976 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-1052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-like protein 3(ANGPTL3) is well acknowledged as a key regulator of lipid metabolism. Now, there have not been enough data to explain the mechanism of hyperlipidemia related proteinuria. In this study, we hoped to investigate the changes of Angiopoietin-like protein 3(ANGPTL3) levels in hyperlipidemia patients with different proteinuria levels. METHODS Seventy-one patients with hyperlipidemia were selected, who were hospitalized in Gansu Provincial People's Hospital from September 2016 to September 2017, and 20 healthy people in the physical examination center were selected. We combed through medical history and conducted clinical biochemical indicators of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), 24 h urine protein quantitation (24hUPro), cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low detection of density lipoproteins (LDL-C). The concentration of serum ANGPTL3 was measured by ELISA. RESULTS 1. Serum ANGPTL3 in patients with hyperlipidemia related proteinuria was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05); 2. 24hUPro and BMI (r = 0.321, P = 0.002), TC (r = 0.465, P = 0.000), TG (r = 0.281, P = 0.007), LDL (r = 0.478, P = 0.000) in patients with hyperlipidemia related proteinuria are positively correlated, suggesting that dyslipidemia is related to the occurrence of proteinuria; 3. BMI, TC, TG and LDL in patients with hyperlipidemia related proteinuria were positively correlated with serum ANGPTL3. 4. The 24hUPro of patients with hyperlipidemia related proteinuria was positively correlated with serum ANGPTL3 levels, and BUN and SCr were not associated with serum ANGPTL3 level. 5. There was no significant difference in TC, TG, BMI, 24hUPro and serum ANGPTL3 between the statin-treated and the untreated groups in patients with hyperlipidemia related proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS Angiopoietin-like protein 3 markedly enhanced in the hyperlipidemia related proteinuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Gao
- Pediatric Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West road, Lanzhou City, 730000, China.
| | - Yanhong Suo
- Pediatric Department, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West road, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan City, 750000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan City, 750000, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Intensive Care Unit, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
| | - Qiu Bing
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
| | - Qingju Liu
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, 730000, China
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Hess AL, Carayol J, Blædel T, Hager J, Di Cara A, Astrup A, Saris WHM, Larsen LH, Valsesia A. Analysis of circulating angiopoietin-like protein 3 and genetic variants in lipid metabolism and liver health: the DiOGenes study. Genes Nutr 2018; 13:7. [PMID: 29619113 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0597-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3), a liver-derived protein, plays an important role in the lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Using data available from the DiOGenes study, we assessed the link with clinical improvements (weight, plasma lipid, and insulin levels) and changes in liver markers, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), adiponectin, fetuin A and B, and cytokeratin 18 (CK-18), upon low-calorie diet (LCD) intervention. We also examined the role of genetic variation in determining the level of circulating ANGPTL3 and the relation between the identified genetic markers and markers of hepatic steatosis. Methods DiOGenes is a multicenter, controlled dietary intervention where obese participants followed an 8-week LCD (800 kcal/day, using a meal replacement product). Plasma ANGPTL3 and liver markers were measured using the SomaLogic (Boulder, CO) platform. Protein quantitative trait locus (pQTL) analyses assessed the link between more than four million common variants and the level of circulating ANGPTL3 at baseline and changes in levels during the LCD intervention. Results Changes in ANGPTL3 during weight loss showed only marginal association with changes in triglycerides (nominal p = 0.02) and insulin (p = 0.04); these results did not remain significant after correcting for multiple testing. However, significant association (after multiple-testing correction) were observed between changes in ANGPTL3 and AST during weight loss (p = 0.004) and between ANGPTL3 and CK-18 (baseline p = 1.03 × 10−7, during weight loss p = 1.47 × 10−13). Our pQTL study identified two loci significantly associated with changes in ANGPTL3. One of these loci (the APOA4-APOA5-ZNF259-BUD13 gene cluster) also displayed significant association with changes in CK-18 levels during weight loss (p = 0.007). Conclusion We clarify the link between circulating levels of ANGPTL3 and specific markers of liver function. We demonstrate that changes in ANGPLT3 and CK-18 during LCD are under genetic control from trans-acting variants. Our results suggest an extended function of ANGPTL3 in the inflammatory state of liver steatosis and toward liver metabolic processes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12263-018-0597-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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20
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Xiao HB, Wang JY, Sun ZL. ANGPTL3 is part of the machinery causing dyslipidemia majorily via LPL inhibition in mastitis mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 103:242-248. [PMID: 29104012 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous investigations have shown that inflammation induces changes in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, and increased expression of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) contributes to the development of dyslipidemia. Here we investigated whether there is a correlation between increased ANGPTL3 expression and dyslipidemia in mastitis mice. Thirty mice were divided into two groups: control group and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-induced mastitis mice group. Changes in the levels of blood lipids [total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)]; activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO); concentrations of plasma inflammation biomarkers [interferon-γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin-1α (IL-1α)]; concentration of plasma ANGPTL3 protein; lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities in postheparin plasma; expressions of hepatic N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 (GALNT2), hepatic ANGPTL3 and adipose LPL were determined. The major results indicated specific pathological mammary tissue changes, elevated MPO activity, reduced GALNT2 mRNA expression, elevated ANGPTL3 mRNA and protein expression and reduced LPL mRNA and protein expression. In plasma samples the S.aureus infused mice displayed elevated ANGPTL3 protein concentration, TG, TC and LDL-C levels, and reduced postheparin LPL activities and HDL-C level. The data suggests that ANGPTL3 is part of the machinery causing dyslipidemia majorily via LPL inhibition in mastitis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Ji-Ying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Huai Hua Vocational and Technical College, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Huaihua 418000, China.
| | - Zhi-Liang Sun
- Biological Veterinary Drugs Branch, National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Xu YX, Redon V, Yu H, Querbes W, Pirruccello J, Liebow A, Deik A, Trindade K, Wang X, Musunuru K, Clish CB, Cowan C, Fizgerald K, Rader D, Kathiresan S. Role of angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) in regulating plasma level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Atherosclerosis 2017; 268:196-206. [PMID: 29183623 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Angiopoietin-like 3 (ANGPTL3) has emerged as a key regulator of lipoprotein metabolism in humans. Homozygous loss of ANGPTL3 function causes familial combined hypolipidemia characterized by low plasma levels of triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). While known effects of ANGPTL3 in inhibiting lipoprotein lipase and endothelial lipase contribute to the low TG and HDL-C, respectively, the basis of low LDL-C remains unclear. Our aim was to explore the role of ANGPTL3 in modulating plasma LDL-C. METHODS We performed RNAi-mediated gene silencing of ANGPTL3 in five mouse models and in human hepatoma cells. We validated results by deleting ANGPTL3 gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. RESULTS RNAi-mediated Angptl3 silencing in mouse livers resulted in very low TG, HDL-C and LDL-C, a pattern similar to the human phenotype. The effect was observed in wild-type and obese mice, while in hCETP/apolipoprotein (Apo) B-100 double transgenic mice, the silencing decreased LDL-C and TG, but not HDL-C. In a humanized mouse model (Apobec1-/- carrying human ApoB-100 transgene) deficient in the LDL receptor (LDLR), Angptl3 silencing had minimum effect on LDL-C, suggesting the effect being linked to LDLR. This observation is supported by an additive effect on LDL-C between ANGPTL3 and PCSK9 siRNAs. ANGPTL3 gene deletion induced cellular long-chain TG and ApoB-100 accumulation with elevated LDLR and LDLR-related protein (LRP) 1 expression. Consistent with this, ANGPTL3 deficiency by gene deletion or silencing reduced nascent ApoB-100 secretion and increased LDL/VLDL uptake. CONCLUSIONS Reduced secretion and increased uptake of ApoB-containing lipoproteins may contribute to the low LDL-C observed in mice and humans with genetic ANGPTL3 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Xu
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Valeska Redon
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 11-125 Translational Research Center, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Haojie Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - William Querbes
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street, 3rd Floor, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - James Pirruccello
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Abigail Liebow
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street, 3rd Floor, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amy Deik
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kevin Trindade
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 11-125 Translational Research Center, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - Kiran Musunuru
- Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chad Cowan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kevin Fizgerald
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, 300 Third Street, 3rd Floor, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel Rader
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 11-125 Translational Research Center, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Building 421, Philadelphia, PA 19104-5158, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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22
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Muniyappa R, Abel BS, Asthana A, Walter MF, Cochran EK, Remaley AT, Skarulis MC, Gorden P, Brown RJ. Metreleptin therapy lowers plasma angiopoietin-like protein 3 in patients with generalized lipodystrophy. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:543-550. [PMID: 28502512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced triglyceride clearance due to impaired lipoprotein lipase-mediated lipolysis contributes to severe hypertriglyceridemia in lipodystrophy. Angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and 4 (ANGPTL4) impair clearance of triglycerides by inhibiting lipoprotein lipase. Whether circulating ANGPTL3/4 levels are altered in lipodystrophy and the effects of leptin replacement on these ANGPTLs are unknown. OBJECTIVE To examine if ANGPTL3/4 levels are elevated in patients with generalized lipodystrophy and assess the effects of leptin replacement on these ANGPTLs. METHODS Preleptin treatment plasma levels of ANGPTLs in patients with generalized lipodystrophy (n = 22) were compared with healthy controls (n = 39) using a post hoc case-control study design. In a prospective open-label study, we studied the effects of metreleptin therapy (16-32 weeks) on plasma ANGPTL3/4 in patients with generalized lipodystrophy. RESULTS Plasma ANGPTL3 (geometric mean [95% confidence interval]; 223 [182-275] vs 174 ng/mL [160-189], P = .02) but not ANGPTL4 levels (55 [37-81] vs 44 ng/mL [37-52], P = .26) were higher in patients with lipodystrophy compared with healthy controls. There was a significant decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) levels following metreleptin therapy. After metreleptin, ANGPTL3 concentrations decreased significantly (223 [182-275] vs 175 ng/mL [144-214], P = .01) with no change in ANGPTL4 (55 [37-81] vs 48 ng/mL [32-73], P = .11). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that elevated plasma levels of ANGPTL3 in leptin-deficient states is attenuated with leptin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brent S Abel
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Asha Asthana
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary F Walter
- Clinical Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elaine K Cochran
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan T Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica C Skarulis
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Phillip Gorden
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Abstract
AIM: To investigate the correlation between the expression of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) and tumor angiogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: The expression of ANGPTL3 and VEGF proteins in 96 HCC specimens and matched tumor-adjacent specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Immunohistochemical staining for CD34 was performed in the above specimens to evaluate microvessel density (MVD).
RESULTS: The positive rates of ANGPTL3 and VEGF expression in HCC were significantly higher than that in tumor-adjacent tissue (62.50% vs 32.29%; 81.25% vs 29.17%, both P < 0.05). Active angiogenesis was detected in HCC compared to tumor-adjacent tissue (67.71% vs 31.25%, P < 0.05). Tumor angiogenesis was related with ANGPTL3 expression in HCC. The expression of ANGPTL3 and VEGF protein was significantly up-regulated in HCC compared with matched tumor-adjacent noncancerous tissue.
CONCLUSION: High expression of ANGPTL3 is associated with tumor angiogenesis in HCC.
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