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Iversen KD, Pedersen TP, Rasmussen M, Hansen MBL, Roikjer BH, Teilmann G. Mental health and BMI in children and adolescents during one year in obesity treatment. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:406. [PMID: 38918794 PMCID: PMC11201871 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health plays a major role in children and adolescents with obesity. The aim of this study was (1) to compare mental health in children with obesity with the background population and (2) to investigate if mental health changed during one year in an obesity treatment program. METHODS Data on self-reported mental health was collected in 107 children and adolescents (mean age 13.2 years) with obesity at first visit in an obesity treatment program and at one year follow-up (n = 47). Mental health was assessed by eight questions from the Danish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) questionnaire: (1) self-rated health (2) life satisfaction (3) feeling low (4) body-image (5) loneliness (6) self-esteem (7) self-efficacy and (8) social competence. Data was compared to a reference population based on HBSC data. BMI-SDS was based on Danish reference values. RESULTS Children and adolescents with obesity had significantly higher odds of reporting negative body image and feeling low and lower odds of reporting high self-rated health and high self-esteem compared to a reference population. There was no difference between the groups regarding life-satisfaction, social competence, self-efficacy or feeling lonely. There were no significant changes in mental health from first visit to one-year follow-up. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the mental health difficulties in children and adolescents with obesity, and the importance of addressing these issues in obesity treatment. The results also indicate that children with obesity have psychosocial resources that should be exploited in treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Decker Iversen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark.
| | - Trine Pagh Pedersen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Rasmussen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj-Britt Lundsgaard Hansen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Højgaard Roikjer
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Grete Teilmann
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Obesity Clinic, Copenhagen University Hospital - North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
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Gosadi IM. Body weight modification experience among adolescents from Saudi Arabia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1323660. [PMID: 38706541 PMCID: PMC11066232 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1323660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood malnutrition is a public health issue in developing countries, leading to a double burden of malnutrition, which is associated with both overweight and underweight. Objective To assess body weight satisfaction and perception as well as body weight modification experiences, among adolescents from Saudi Arabia. Method This study utilized a cross-sectional design targeting adolescents who attempted to modify their body weight. A questionnaire was constructed to measure their demographics, body weight satisfaction and perception, and experience concerning their weight modification attempts. The chi-square test was used to assess the association between the ability to modify weight and maintain the modification according to the ability to set an appropriate weight target based on the age and height of the adolescents, method of weight modification, and receipt of support to modify weight. Results A total of 285 adolescents were recruited. More than half of the sample were female (58%); most respondents were secondary school students (73%). Nearly 45% had abnormal body weight where 12.6% were underweight, and 32.3% were overweight or obese. Most of the recruited sample were unsatisfied with their body weight (63%). Although 52% of the adolescents had a normal BMI, only 35% perceived their body weight as normal. Nearly 75% of the sample were able to modify their body weight. However, a smaller proportion were able to maintain the modification they achieved. The most frequently selected body weight modification method was dieting (83%), followed by exercise (69%). Only 40 adolescents (14%) reported consulting a physician regarding their body weight modification attempts. The most frequently reported source of support for weight modification was the family (51%), while the lowest frequency of support was reported concerning schools' contribution (29%). Upon assessing factors associated with the ability to modify weight or maintain the modification, a higher frequency of adolescents who indicated they employed dieting behavior were able to maintain the modification compared to other weight modification practices (p < 0.05). Conclusion The findings highlight the importance of collaboration between families, schools, and healthcare services to improve adolescent body image and ensure the adoption of healthy body weight modification practices among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M. Gosadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Haug E, Smith ORF, Ng K, Samdal O, Marques A, Borraccino A, Kopcakova J, Oja L, Fismen AS. Family structure and the association with physical activity-Findings from 40 countries participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300188. [PMID: 38630701 PMCID: PMC11023480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The family has been acknowledged as central to developing physical activity (PA) beliefs and behaviours. However, increased diversity in family structures has developed over the last decades. This study examines the association between family structure and PA among adolescents and cross-national variations in the associations. METHODS The data are from the 2013/14 Health Behaviours in School-Aged Children study, involving nationally representative samples of 11-, 13- and 15-year-olds (n = 211,798) from 40 countries. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the associations between family structure and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) by age, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), and geographic region. RESULTS Living with one versus two parents was associated with a reduced likelihood of daily 60 min MVPA for boys (IRR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.92, 0.99) and ≥ 4 times/week VPA (IRR 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.95). This impact on MVPA differed across individual-level SES (high SES; IRR = 0.92, (p <0.05), low SES; IRR = 1.04, (ns)), and was for VPA only significant for those with siblings (IRR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.91, 0.96). Cross-country variations in the association between living with one versus two parents were observed, most pronounced for VPA. These differences varied by region, primarily explained by country-level SES differences between regions. The likelihood of daily 60 min MVPA also increased with siblings in the main house (IRR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.14), and ≥ 4 times/week VPA decreased with grandparents in the main house (IRR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89,0.94). CONCLUSIONS Family structure correlated with PA, but cross-country differences exist. The findings are relevant for the development of policies and programs to facilitate PA, especially in countries where living with one versus two parents was unfavourable. Additional country-specific research is needed to identify challenges for engaging in PA related to family structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Haug
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Bergen, Norway
| | - Otto Robert Frans Smith
- Department of Teacher Education, NLA University College, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kwok Ng
- Faculty of Education, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Oddrun Samdal
- Department of Health Promotion and Development, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Adilson Marques
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- ISAMB, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alberto Borraccino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences Public Health and Paediatrics, University of Torino, Orbassano (TO), Italy
| | - Jaroslava Kopcakova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
- Olomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Leila Oja
- National Institute for Health Development, Estonia
| | - Anne-Siri Fismen
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Inndalsveien, Bergen, Norway
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Gallego A, López-Gil JF. The role of individual and contextual economic factors in obesity among adolescents: A cross-sectional study including 143 160 participants from 41 countries. J Glob Health 2024; 14:04035. [PMID: 38389438 PMCID: PMC10884718 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.14.04035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To our knowledge, no previous study has examined the role of index of economic freedom (IEF) in the prevalence of excess weight and obesity in adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the association between both individual and contextual economic factors and the prevalence of overweight and obesity (i.e. excess weight) or obesity in adolescents from different countries. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the 2017/2018 wave of the Health Behaviour School-Aged Children study. Body mass index z-score was determined following the International Obesity Task Force criteria and, subsequently, excess weight and obesity were computed. The Family Affluence Scale was used to assess socioeconomic status. The index of IEF was used to estimate the benefits of economic freedom, both for individuals and for society as a whole. Results An inverse association was shown between socioeconomic status (SES) and excess weight or obesity, with adolescents with high SES and medium SES being less likely to have excess weight compared to adolescents with low SES (medium SES: odds ratio (OR) = 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.77-0.82, P < 0.001; high SES: OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.62-0.68, P < 0.001). For obesity, lower odds were also found for adolescents with medium SES (medium SES: OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.69-0.80, P < 0.001) or high SES (high SES: OR = 0.55; 95% CI 0.49-0.61, P < 0.001), in comparison with their counterparts with low SES. On the other hand, it was observed a greater likelihood of having excess weight and obesity in mostly unfree countries (excess weight: OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.51-1.00, P = 0.052; obesity: OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.39-0.92, P = 0.019) compared to free/mostly free countries. These results remained significant after adjusting for several sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates. Conclusions Both individual and contextual factors seem to have a crucial role in the prevalence of excess weight and obesity in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gallego
- Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Zaborskis A, Kavaliauskienė A, Levi S, Tesler R, Dimitrova E. Adolescent Toothbrushing and Its Association with Sociodemographic Factors-Time Trends from 1994 to 2018 in Twenty Countries. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:3148. [PMID: 38132038 PMCID: PMC10742657 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11243148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Regular toothbrushing is the primary self-care method to prevent the most common dental diseases and is considered an important public health indicator. This retrospective observational study aimed to examine cross-national time trends in adolescent toothbrushing behaviour and its association with sociodemographic factors between 1994 and 2018. We studied data from 20 countries that conducted seven surveys of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. Adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 years responded to questions on their toothbrushing frequency, family affluence and structure. Altogether, reports of 691,559 students were analysed using descriptive statistics and binominal logistic regression. The findings showed an overall positive trend in the prevalence of more-than-once-a-day toothbrushing frequency during the entire study period mainly due to a noticeable increase from 1994 to 2010 (except Denmark and Sweden); this trend continued significantly thereafter in 12 of 20 countries. Across all countries, girls and adolescents from more affluent families were more likely to brush their teeth regularly. These relationships remained unchanged throughout the study period, whereas the age-related difference in toothbrushing prevalence decreased noticeably, and the negative relationship between toothbrushing and living in a non-intact family became evident. While the prevalence of regular toothbrushing among adolescents has increased in recent decades, it is still far behind the recommended level of twice-daily brushing for everyone across all countries. The promotion of toothbrushing needs to start at an early age, with a special focus on boys and adolescents from low-affluence and non-intact families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apolinaras Zaborskis
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aistė Kavaliauskienė
- Faculty of Odontology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-44307 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Sharon Levi
- Department of Health Systems Management, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel; (S.L.); (R.T.)
- Department of Health Systems Management, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley College, Yezreel Valley, Afula 1930600, Israel
| | - Riki Tesler
- Department of Health Systems Management, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel; (S.L.); (R.T.)
| | - Elitsa Dimitrova
- Institute for Population and Human Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences & Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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