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Rodriguez C, Muñoz Noval A, Torres-Costa V, Ceccone G, Manso Silván M. Visible Light Assisted Organosilane Assembly on Mesoporous Silicon Films and Particles. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12010131. [PMID: 30609796 PMCID: PMC6337525 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porous silicon (PSi) is a versatile matrix with tailorable surface reactivity, which allows the processing of a range of multifunctional films and particles. The biomedical applications of PSi often require a surface capping with organic functionalities. This work shows that visible light can be used to catalyze the assembly of organosilanes on the PSi, as demonstrated with two organosilanes: aminopropyl-triethoxy-silane and perfluorodecyl-triethoxy-silane. We studied the process related to PSi films (PSiFs), which were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) before and after a plasma patterning process. The analyses confirmed the surface oxidation and the anchorage of the organosilane backbone. We further highlighted the surface analytical potential of 13C, 19F and 29Si solid-state NMR (SS-NMR) as compared to Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in the characterization of functionalized PSi particles (PSiPs). The reduced invasiveness of the organosilanization regarding the PSiPs morphology was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and FESEM. Relevantly, the results obtained on PSiPs complemented those obtained on PSiFs. SS-NMR suggests a number of siloxane bonds between the organosilane and the PSiPs, which does not reach levels of maximum heterogeneous condensation, while ToF-SIMS suggested a certain degree of organosilane polymerization. Additionally, differences among the carbons in the organic (non-hydrolyzable) functionalizing groups are identified, especially in the case of the perfluorodecyl group. The spectroscopic characterization was used to propose a mechanism for the visible light activation of the organosilane assembly, which is based on the initial photoactivated oxidation of the PSi matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Rodriguez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alvaro Muñoz Noval
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vicente Torres-Costa
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Giacomo Ceccone
- European Commission, Joint Research Center, 21020 Ispra (Va), Italy.
| | - Miguel Manso Silván
- Departamento de Física Aplicada and Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Jin Y, Kneusels NJH, Marbella LE, Castillo-Martínez E, Magusin PCMM, Weatherup RS, Jónsson E, Liu T, Paul S, Grey CP. Understanding Fluoroethylene Carbonate and Vinylene Carbonate Based Electrolytes for Si Anodes in Lithium Ion Batteries with NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9854-9867. [PMID: 29979869 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and vinylene carbonate (VC) are widely used as electrolyte additives in lithium ion batteries. Here we analyze the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on binder-free silicon nanowire (SiNW) electrodes in pure FEC or VC electrolytes containing 1 M LiPF6 by solid-state NMR with and without dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhancement. We find that the polymeric SEIs formed in pure FEC or VC electrolytes consist mainly of cross-linked poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and aliphatic chain functionalities along with additional carbonate and carboxylate species. The formation of branched fragments is further confirmed by 13C-13C correlation NMR experiments. The presence of cross-linked PEO-type polymers in FEC and VC correlates with good capacity retention and high Coulombic efficiencies of the SiNWs. Using 29Si DNP NMR, we are able to probe the interfacial region between SEI and the Si surface for the first time with NMR spectroscopy. Organosiloxanes form upon cycling, confirming that some of the organic SEI is covalently bonded to the Si surface. We suggest that both the polymeric structure of the SEI and the nature of its adhesion to the redox-active materials are important for electrochemical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Jin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Nis-Julian H Kneusels
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Lauren E Marbella
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | | | - Pieter C M M Magusin
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Robert S Weatherup
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Erlendur Jónsson
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom.,Department of Physics , Chalmers University of Technology , Gothenburg , 41296 , Sweden
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
| | - Subhradip Paul
- DNP MAS NMR Facility, Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Clare P Grey
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Lensfield Road , Cambridge CB2 1EW , United Kingdom
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Lee D, Kaushik M, Coustel R, Chenavier Y, Chanal M, Bardet M, Dubois L, Okuno H, Rochat N, Duclairoir F, Mouesca J, De Paëpe G. Solid‐State NMR and DFT Combined for the Surface Study of Functionalized Silicon Nanoparticles. Chemistry 2015; 21:16047-58. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lee
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Monu Kaushik
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- Present address: Institutes of Biophysical Chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance BMRZ, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt/M. (Germany)
| | - Romain Coustel
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- Present address: Université de Lorraine, LCPME, UMR 7564, Villers‐les‐Nancy 54600 (France)
| | - Yves Chenavier
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Myriam Chanal
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Michel Bardet
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Lionel Dubois
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Hanako Okuno
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SP2M, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Névine Rochat
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA‐LETI, MINATEC Campus, 38054 Grenoble (France)
| | - Florence Duclairoir
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Jean‐Marie Mouesca
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
| | - Gaël De Paëpe
- Univsité Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble (France)
- CEA, INAC, SCIB, 38000 Grenoble (France)
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Ahire JH, Wang Q, Coxon PR, Malhotra G, Brydson R, Chen R, Chao Y. Highly luminescent and nontoxic amine-capped nanoparticles from porous silicon: synthesis and their use in biomedical imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:3285-3292. [PMID: 22624976 DOI: 10.1021/am300642m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Stable and brightly luminescent amine-terminated Si nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been synthesized from electrochemically etched porous silicon (PSi). The surface amine termination was confirmed by FTIR, NMR, and XPS studies. The mean diameter of the crystal core of 4.6 nm was measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which is in a good agreement with the size obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The dry, amine-terminated product can be obtained from bulk silicon wafers in less than 4 h. This represents a significant improvement over similar routines using PSi where times of >10 h are common. The emission quantum yield was found to be about 22% and the nanoparticles exhibited an exceptional stability over a wide pH range (4-14). They are resistant to aging over several weeks. The amine-terminated SiNPs showed no significant cytotoxic effects toward HepG2 cells, as assessed with MTT assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshree H Ahire
- Energy Materials Laboratory, School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
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Dickinson FM, Alsop TA, Al-Sharif N, Berger CEM, Datta HK, Šiller L, Chao Y, Tuite EM, Houlton A, Horrocks BR. Dispersions of alkyl-capped silicon nanocrystals in aqueous media: photoluminescence and ageing. Analyst 2008; 133:1573-80. [DOI: 10.1039/b801921e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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