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Dorotea T, Riuzzi G, Franzago E, Posen P, Tavornpanich S, Di Lorenzo A, Ferroni L, Martelli W, Mazzucato M, Soccio G, Segato S, Ferrè N. A Scoping Review on GIS Technologies Applied to Farmed Fish Health Management. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3525. [PMID: 38003143 PMCID: PMC10668695 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Finfish aquaculture, one of the fastest growing intensive sectors worldwide, is threatened by numerous transmissible diseases that may have devastating impacts on its economic sustainability. This review (2010-2022) used a PRISMA extension for scoping reviews and a text mining approach to explore the extent to which geographical information systems (GIS) are used in farmed fish health management and to unveil the main GIS technologies, databases, and functions used to update the spatiotemporal data underpinning risk and predictive models in aquatic surveillance programmes. After filtering for eligibility criteria, the literature search provided 54 records, highlighting the limited use of GIS technologies for disease prevention and control, as well as the prevalence of GIS application in marine salmonid farming, especially for viruses and parasitic diseases typically associated with these species. The text mining generated five main research areas, underlining a limited range of investigated species, rearing environments, and diseases, as well as highlighting the lack of GIS-based methodologies at the core of such publications. This scoping review provides a source of information for future more detailed literature analyses and outcomes to support the development of geospatial disease spread models and expand in-field GIS technologies for the prevention and mitigation of fish disease epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Dorotea
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (T.D.); (E.F.); (M.M.); (G.S.); (N.F.)
| | - Giorgia Riuzzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Eleonora Franzago
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (T.D.); (E.F.); (M.M.); (G.S.); (N.F.)
| | - Paulette Posen
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK;
| | - Saraya Tavornpanich
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health and Welfare, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Alessio Di Lorenzo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy;
| | - Laura Ferroni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Walter Martelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Torino, Italy;
| | - Matteo Mazzucato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (T.D.); (E.F.); (M.M.); (G.S.); (N.F.)
| | - Grazia Soccio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (T.D.); (E.F.); (M.M.); (G.S.); (N.F.)
| | - Severino Segato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Nicola Ferrè
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (T.D.); (E.F.); (M.M.); (G.S.); (N.F.)
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Lepe-López M, Escobar-Dodero J, Rubio D, Alvarez J, Zimin-Veselkoff N, Mardones FO. Epidemiological Factors Associated With Caligus rogercresseyi Infection, Abundance, and Spatial Distribution in Southern Chile. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:595024. [PMID: 34490385 PMCID: PMC8417708 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.595024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea lice (Caligus rogercresseyi) are external parasites that affect farmed salmonids in Chile, and the scale of their sanitary and economic impact cannot be overstated. Even though space–time patterns suppose parasite aggregation, specific locations related to different infestation levels, as well as their associated factors across the geographic range involved, had not been investigated as of the writing of the present article. The understanding of the effects and factors entailed by the presence of C. rogercresseyi may be deemed a key element of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). In the present study, the multivariate spatial scan statistic was used to identify geographic areas and times of C. rogercresseyi infestation and to estimate the factors associated with such patterns. We used official C. rogercresseyi monitoring data at the farm level, with a set of 13 covariates, to provide adjustment within the analyses. The analyses were carried out for a period of 5 years (2012–2016), and they included three fish species (Salmo salar, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Oncorhynchus kisutch) in order to assess the consistency of the identified clusters. A retrospective multinomial, spatial, and temporal scan test was implemented to identify farm clusters of either of the different categories of C. rogercresseyi infested farms: baseline, medium, and high, based on the control chemical threshold established by the health authority. The baseline represents adequate farm performance against C. rogercresseyi infestation. Then, production and environmental factors of the medium and high infestation farms were compared with the baseline using regression techniques. The results revealed a total of 26 clusters (p < 0.001), of which 12 correspond to baseline, 1 to medium, and the remaining 13 to high infestation clusters. In general, baseline clusters are detected in a latitudinal gradient on estuarine areas, with increasing relative risks to complex island water systems. There is a spatial structure in specific sites, north of Los Lagos Region and central Aysén Region, with high infestation clusters and epidemic peaks during 2013. In addition, average weight, salmon species, chemotherapeutants, latitude, temperature, salinity, and year category are factors associated with these C. rogercresseyi patterns. Recommendations for an IPM plan are provided, along with a discussion that considers the involvement of stock density thresholds by salmon species and the spatial structure of the efficacy of chemical control, both intended to avoid the advance of resistance and to minimize environmental residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lepe-López
- PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Escobar-Dodero
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | | | - Julio Alvarez
- Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Zimin-Veselkoff
- EPIVET Analysis & Solutions, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando O Mardones
- EPIVET Analysis & Solutions, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Lepe-Lopez M, Escobar-Dodero J, Zimin-Veselkoff N, Azat C, Mardones FO. Assessing the Present and Future Habitat Suitability of Caligus rogercresseyi (Boxshall and Bravo, 2000) for Salmon Farming in Southern Chile. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:615039. [PMID: 33634179 PMCID: PMC7900137 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.615039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea louse (Caligus rogercresseyi) is the most relevant parasite for the farmed salmon industry in Chile, the second largest producer worldwide. Although spatial patterns of C. rogercresseyi have been addressed from data obtained from established monitoring and surveillance programs, studies on its spatial ecology are limited. A wide geographic distribution of C. rogercresseyi is presumed in Chile; however, how this species could potentially be distributed in space is unknown. Our study presents an analysis of the habitat suitability for C. rogercresseyi in the entire area occupied by marine sites of salmon farms in Chile. Habitat suitability modeling was used to explore the likelihood of species spatial occurrence based on environmental characteristics. Due to the expanding salmon industry in southern Chile, we studied C. rogercresseyi habitat suitability models for present (average of 2005-2010) and two future projections (2050 and 2100) under different climate change scenarios. Models were constructed with the maxent algorithm using a large database of spatial C. rogercresseyi occurrences from the Chilean fisheries health authority and included 23 environmental variables obtained from the Ocean Rasters for Analysis of Climate and Environment (Bio-ORACLE). Habitat suitability models indicated that water temperature, water salinity, and current velocity of waters were the most important characteristics limiting C. rogercresseyi distribution in southern Chile. Habitat suitability models for current climate indicated a heterogeneous pattern with C. rogercresseyi being present in waters with temperature range 12.12-7.08°C (sd = 0.65), salinity range 33.7-25.5 pss (sd = 1.73), and current water velocity range 0.23-0.01 m-1 (sd = 0.02). Predictions for future projections in year 2050 and year 2100 suggest new clumped dispersion of the environmental conditions for C. rogercresseyi establishment. Our results suggest complexity and a wide dispersion of the biogeographic distribution of the C. rogercresseyi habitat suitability with potential implications for control strategies and environmental issues for salmon farming in Chile. Further investigations are required into C. rogercresseyi distribution in southern Chile considering the possible effect of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lepe-Lopez
- PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joaquín Escobar-Dodero
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | | | - Claudio Azat
- PhD Program in Conservation Medicine, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Centro de Investigación para la Sustentabilidad, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando O. Mardones
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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