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Sizemore GM, Balakrishnan S, Hammer AM, Thies KA, Trimboli AJ, Wallace JA, Sizemore ST, Kladney RD, Woelke SA, Yu L, Fernandez SA, Chakravarti A, Leone G, Ostrowski MC. Stromal PTEN inhibits the expansion of mammary epithelial stem cells through Jagged-1. Oncogene 2016; 36:2297-2308. [PMID: 27797378 PMCID: PMC5398932 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts within the mammary tumor microenvironment are active participants in carcinogenesis mediating both tumor initiation and progression. Our group has previously demonstrated that genetic loss of PTEN in mammary fibroblasts induces an oncogenic secretome that remodels the extracellular milieu accelerating ErbB2-driven mammary tumor progression. While these prior studies highlighted a tumor suppressive role for stromal PTEN, how the adjacent normal epithelium transforms in response to PTEN loss was not previously addressed. To identify these early events, we have evaluated both phenotypic and genetic changes within the pre-neoplastic mammary epithelium of mice with and without stromal PTEN expression. We report that fibroblast-specific PTEN deletion greatly restricts mammary ductal elongation and induces aberrant alveolar side-branching. These mice concomitantly exhibit an expansion of the mammary epithelial stem cell (MaSC) enriched basal/myoepithelial population and an increase in in vitro stem cell activity. Further analysis revealed that NOTCH signaling, specifically through NOTCH3, is diminished in these cells. Mechanistically, JAGGED-1, a transmembrane ligand for the NOTCH receptor, is downregulated in the PTEN-null fibroblasts leading to a loss in the paracrine activation of NOTCH signaling from the surrounding stroma. Reintroduction of JAGGED-1 expression within the PTEN-null fibroblasts was sufficient to abrogate the observed increase in colony forming activity implying a direct role for stromal JAGGED-1 in regulation of mammary stem cell properties. Importantly, breast cancer patients whose tumors express both low stromal JAG1 and low stromal PTEN exhibit a shorter time to recurrence than those whose tumors express low levels of either alone suggesting similar stromal signaling in advanced disease. Combined, these results unveil a novel stromal PTEN-to-JAGGED-1 axis in maintaining the mammary epithelial stem cell niche, and subsequently inhibiting breast cancer initiation and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Sizemore
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - S Balakrishnan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A M Hammer
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - K A Thies
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A J Trimboli
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - J A Wallace
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - S T Sizemore
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - R D Kladney
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - S A Woelke
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - L Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - S A Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Informatics' Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Chakravarti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - G Leone
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - M C Ostrowski
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Chen G, Zhang Z, Cheng Y, Xiao W, Qiu Y, Yu M, Sun L, Wang W, Du G, Gu Y, Peng K, Xu C, Yang H. The canonical Notch signaling was involved in the regulation of intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis after intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:7883-96. [PMID: 24806344 PMCID: PMC4057709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15057883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a critical role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Notch signaling in the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells after intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to sham operation or I/R injury. Intestinal tissue samples were collected at 12 h after reperfusion. TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) staining showed that intestinal I/R injury induced significantly increased apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. Meanwhile, the mRNA expression of Jagged1, DLL1, Notch2, and Hes5, and protein expression of NICD2 and Hes5 were increased significantly after I/R injury in intestinal epithelial cells. In an in vitro IEC-6 culture model, flow cytometry analyses showed that inhibition of Notch signaling by γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT and the suppression of Hes5 expression using siRNA both significantly increased the apoptosis of IEC-6 cells under the condition of hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). In conclusion, the Notch2/Hes5 signaling pathway was activated and involved in the regulation of intestinal epithelial cells apoptosis in intestinal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Zhicao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Yingdong Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Min Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Lihua Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Guangsheng Du
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Yingchao Gu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Ke Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Chao Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
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Kent S, Hutchinson J, Balboni A, Decastro A, Cherukuri P, Direnzo J. ΔNp63α promotes cellular quiescence via induction and activation of Notch3. Cell Cycle 2011; 10:3111-8. [PMID: 21912215 DOI: 10.4161/cc.10.18.17300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic analysis of TP63 indicates that ΔNp63 isoforms are required for preservation of self-renewing capacity in the stem cell compartments of diverse epithelial structures; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely defined. Cellular quiescence is a common feature of adult stem cells that may account for their ability to retain long-term replicative capacity while simultaneously limiting cellular division. Similarly, quiescence within tumor stem cell populations may represent a mechanism by which these populations evade cytotoxic therapy and initiate tumor recurrence. Here, we present evidence that ΔNp63α, the predominant TP63 isoform in the regenerative compartment of diverse epithelial structuresm, promotes cellular quiescence via activation of Notch signaling. In HC11 cells, ectopic ΔNp63α mediates a proliferative arrest in the 2N state coincident with reduced RNA synthesis characteristic of cellular quiescence. Additionally, ΔNp63α and other quiescence-inducing stimuli enhanced expression of Notch3 in HC11s and breast cancer cell lines, and ectopic expression of the Notch3 intracellular domain (N3 (ICD) ) was sufficient to cause accumulation in G 0/G 1 and increased expression of two genes associated with quiescence, Hes1 and Mxi1. Pharmacologic inhibition of Notch signaling or shRNA-mediated suppression of Notch3 were sufficient to bypass quiescence induced by ΔNp63α and other quiescence-inducing stimuli. These studies identify a novel mechanism by which ΔNp63α preserves long-term replicative capacity by promoting cellular quiescence and identify the Notch signaling pathway as a mediator of multiple quiescence-inducing stimuli, including ΔNp63α expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra Kent
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
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Rbpj cell autonomous regulation of retinal ganglion cell and cone photoreceptor fates in the mouse retina. J Neurosci 2009; 29:12865-77. [PMID: 19828801 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3382-09.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) are pluripotent, but pass through competence states that progressively restrict their developmental potential (Cepko et al., 1996; Livesey and Cepko, 2001; Cayouette et al., 2006). In the rodent eye, seven retinal cell classes differentiate in overlapping waves, with RGCs, cone photoreceptors, horizontals, and amacrines forming predominantly before birth, and rod photoreceptors, bipolars, and Müller glia differentiating postnatally. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors regulate each retinal cell type (for review, see Livesey and Cepko, 2001). Here, we conditionally deleted the transcription factor Rbpj, a critical integrator of multiple Notch signals (Jarriault et al., 1995; Honjo, 1996; Kato et al., 1997; Han et al., 2002), during prenatal mouse retinal neurogenesis. Removal of Rbpj caused reduced proliferation, premature neuronal differentiation, apoptosis, and profound mispatterning. To determine the cell autonomous requirements for Rbpj during RGC and cone formation, we marked Cre-generated retinal lineages with GFP expression, which showed that Rbpj autonomously promotes RPC mitotic activity, and suppresses RGC and cone fates. In addition, the progressive loss of Rbpj-/- RPCs resulted in a diminished progenitor pool available for rod photoreceptor formation. This circumstance, along with the overproduction of Rbpj-/- cones, revealed that photoreceptor development is under homeostatic regulation. Finally, to understand how the Notch pathway regulates the simultaneous formation of multiple cell types, we compared the RGC and cone phenotypes of Rbpj to Notch1 (Jadhav et al., 2006b; Yaron et al., 2006), Notch3, and Hes1 mutants. We found particular combinations of Notch pathway genes regulate the development of each retinal cell type.
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