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Fotinós J, Marks MP, Barberis L, Vellón L. Assessing the distribution of cancer stem cells in tumorspheres. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11013. [PMID: 38745039 PMCID: PMC11094167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61558-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells presumably drive tumor growth and resistance to conventional cancer treatments. From a previous computational model, we inferred that these cells are not uniformly distributed in the bulk of a tumorsphere. To confirm this result, we cultivated tumorspheres enriched in stem cells, and performed immunofluorescent detection of the stemness marker SOX2 using confocal microscopy. In this article, we present an image processing method that reconstructs the amount and location of the Cancer Stem Cells in the spheroids. Its advantage is the use of a statistical criterion to classify the cells in Stem and Differentiated, instead of setting an arbitrary threshold. Moreover, the analysis of the experimental images presented in this work agrees with the results from our computational models, thus enforcing the notion that the distribution of Cancer Stem Cells in a tumorsphere is non-homogeneous. Additionally, the method presented here provides a useful tool for analyzing any image in which different kinds of cells are stained with different markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerónimo Fotinós
- IFEG-CONICET and FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Lucas Barberis
- IFEG-CONICET and FAMAF, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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2
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Mukhtar AB, Morgan HJ, Gibbs A, Davies GE, Lovatt C, Patel GK. Targeting CD20-expressing malignant melanoma cells augments BRAF inhibitor killing. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:729-739. [PMID: 38288865 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutant BRAF targeted therapies remain a standard of care for the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma (MM); however, high initial response rates are tempered by the persistence of residual MM cells that eventually lead to disease recurrence and mortality. As MM recurrence during targeted therapy can present with the simultaneous occurrence of multiple tumour nodules at the original body sites, we hypothesized the presence of an intrinsically resistant MM cell subpopulation. OBJECTIVES To identify an MM cell subpopulation that is intrinsically resistant to targeted therapy and possibly responsible for MM recurrence. METHODS Using melanoma cell lines, we defined culture conditions for the reproducible three-dimensional growth of melanospheres to investigate putative cancer stem cell populations. We undertook RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis to characterize cell populations between adherent and nonadherent culture, and cells expressing or not expressing CD20. Furthermore, we defined an in vitro assay to evaluate the killing of melanoma cancer stem cells as a therapeutic test using combination therapies targeting driver mutation and CD20. RESULTS We described the culture conditions that promote MM cells to form melanospheres with a reproducible colony-forming efficiency rate of 0.3-1.3%. RNA sequencing of melanosphere vs. conventional MM cell cultures (n = 6), irrespective of the BRAF mutation status, showed that melanosphere formation was associated with growth and differentiation transcriptional signatures resembling MM tumours. Importantly, melanosphere formation also led to the emergence of a CD20+ MM cell subpopulation, similar to that observed in primary human MM tumours. CD20+ MM cells were resistant to BRAF inhibitor therapy and, consistent with this finding, demonstrated a Forkhead box protein M1 transcriptomic profile (n = 6). Combining BRAF inhibitor and anti-CD20 antibody treatment led to the additional killing of previously resistant CD20+ BRAF mutant MM cells. CONCLUSIONS In patients with MM that harbour a CD20+ subpopulation, combined therapy with BRAF inhibitor and anti-CD20 antibody could potentially kill residual MM cells and prevent disease recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi B Mukhtar
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Huw J Morgan
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alex Gibbs
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Gemma E Davies
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Charlotte Lovatt
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Girish K Patel
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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3
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Li F, Qiu F, Fan X, Yu Q, Liu S, Guo Y, Zhu Y, Xi X, Du B. Expression of CD44 is regulated by ELF3 in 5-FU treated colorectal cancer cells. Gene 2024; 892:147896. [PMID: 37832805 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was usually thought to be inevitable as a result of continuing exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs. The existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within CRC tissues was recently suggested to play importance roles for this process. In this study, in order to mimic a dose schedule used in clinic (continuous infusion), low dose of fluorouracil (IC10 of 5-FU) was used to treat CRC cells. Our results showed that the expression of CD44, including some other CSCs markers were all increased after 5-FU treatment. The stemness properties of survived CRC cells were also observed to be enhanced. RNA-seq analysis revealed that ELF3, one of the members of ETS (E26 transformation-specific) transcription activator family, was increased along with CD44 after 5-FU treatment of CRC cells. Results from dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that the transcription of CD44 could be activated by ELF3 in CRC cells. The induced CD44 expression in 5-FU treated CRC cells could also be decreased after the expression of ELF3 was inhibited. Moreover, it could be observed that the expression of ELF3 is significantly higher in CD44+ CRC cells. Taken together, our results suggested that CD44 expression might be regulated by ELF3 and could be induced after 5-FU treatment of CRC cells. Inhibition of ELF3 might be a promising treatment method when it was used in combination with chemotherapeutics to overcome chemoresistance formation during CRC treatment in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Fen Qiu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Xu Fan
- Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Shuaitong Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yang Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China
| | - Yunhe Zhu
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Xueyan Xi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
| | - Boyu Du
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Shiyan City, Hubei Province, PR China.
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4
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Zhu M, Yu R, Liu Y, Geng X, Liu Q, Liu S, Zhu Y, Li G, Guo Y, Xi X, Du B. LncRNA H19 Participates in Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Mediated Stemness Promotion in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-023-10627-y. [PMID: 38198021 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common human malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) were considered to play important roles in the genesis and development of many tumors. In recent years, it has been observed that leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) might be involved in the regulation of stemness in cancer cells. In this study, we observed that LIF could increase the spheroid formation and stemness marker expression (inculding Nanog and SOX2) in CRC cell lines, such as HCT116 and Caco2 cells. Meanwhile, we also observed that LIF could upregulate LncRNA H19 expression via PI3K/AKT pathway. Knockdown of the expression of LncRNA H19 could decrease the spheroid formation and SOX2 expression in LIF-treated HCT116 and Caco2 cells, and thereby LncRNA H19 knockdown could compensate for the stemness enhancement effects induced by LIF. Our results indicated that LncRNA H19 might participate in the stemness promotion of LIF in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
- Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yirui Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Geng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Shuaitong Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Yunhe Zhu
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Li
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Guo
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China
| | - Xueyan Xi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
| | - Boyu Du
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, No.30 Renmin Nanlu, Shiyan, 442000, Hubei, China.
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China.
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5
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Dalmasso G, Cougnoux A, Faïs T, Bonnin V, Mottet-Auselo B, Nguyen HT, Sauvanet P, Barnich N, Jary M, Pezet D, Delmas J, Bonnet R. Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli enhance resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs by promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell emergence. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2310215. [PMID: 38374654 PMCID: PMC10880512 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2310215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Human colorectal cancers (CRCs) are readily colonized by colibactin-producing E. coli (CoPEC). CoPEC induces DNA double-strand breaks, DNA mutations, genomic instability, and cellular senescence. Infected cells produce a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which is involved in the increase in tumorigenesis observed in CRC mouse models infected with CoPEC. This study investigated whether CoPEC, and the SASP derived from CoPEC-infected cells, impacted chemotherapeutic resistance. Human intestinal epithelial cells were infected with the CoPEC clinical 11G5 strain or with its isogenic mutant, which is unable to produce colibactin. Chemotherapeutic resistance was assessed in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. Expressions of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in infected cells were investigated. Data were validated using a CRC mouse model and human clinical samples. Both 11G5-infected cells, and uninfected cells incubated with the SASP produced by 11G5-infected cells exhibited an increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo. This finding correlated with the induction of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which led to the emergence of cells exhibiting CSC features. They grew on ultra-low attachment plates, formed colonies in soft agar, and overexpressed several CSC markers (e.g. CD133, OCT-3/4, and NANOG). In agreement with these results, murine and human CRC biopsies colonized with CoPEC exhibited higher expression levels of OCT-3/4 and NANOG than biopsies devoid of CoPEC. Conclusion: CoPEC might aggravate CRCs by inducing the emergence of cancer stem cells that are highly resistant to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Dalmasso
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Antony Cougnoux
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tiphanie Faïs
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Virginie Bonnin
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoit Mottet-Auselo
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hang Tt Nguyen
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Sauvanet
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marine Jary
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Denis Pezet
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Service de Chirurgie Digestive, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Delmas
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Richard Bonnet
- Inserm U1071, USC-INRAe INRAE USC 1382, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Auvergne, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Centre de référence de la résistance aux antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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De Bacco F, Orzan F, Casanova E, Prelli M, Boccaccio C. Protocol for in vitro establishment of heterogeneous stem-like cultures derived from whole human glioblastoma tumors. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102705. [PMID: 37971942 PMCID: PMC10684815 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cultures enriched in glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are prominent in vitro models to investigate molecular determinants and therapeutic targets of glioblastoma; however, conventional GSC derivation protocols fail to preserve GSC heterogeneity. Here, we present a protocol for the propagation of heterogeneous GSC cultures starting from cell resuspensions containing the entire tumor mass. We describe steps for isolation of GSCs and their maintenance and expansion in culture. We then detail procedures for preliminary analysis to be performed on freshly isolated material. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to De Bacco et al.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca De Bacco
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesca Orzan
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Elena Casanova
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Marta Prelli
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Boccaccio
- Laboratory of Cancer Stem Cell Research, Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy; Department of Oncology, University of Turin Medical School, 10060 Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
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7
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Saibro-Girardi C, Scheibel IM, Santos L, Bittencourt RR, Fröhlich NT, Dos Reis Possa L, Moreira JCF, Gelain DP. Bexarotene drives the self-renewing proliferation of adult neural stem cells, promotes neuron-glial fate shift, and regulates late neuronal differentiation. J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 37984072 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with bexarotene, a selective retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist, significantly improves behavioral dysfunctions in various neurodegenerative animal models. Additionally, it activates neurodevelopmental and plasticity pathways in the brains of adult mice. Our objective was to investigate the impact of RXR activation by bexarotene on adult neural stem cells (aNSC) and their cell lineages. To achieve this, we treated NSCs isolated from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult rat brains from the proliferative stage to the differentiated status. The results showed that bexarotene-treated aNSC exhibited increased BrdU incorporation, SOX2+ dividing cell pairs, and cell migration from neurospheres, revealing that the treatment promotes self-renewing proliferation and cell motility in SVZ-aNCS. Furthermore, bexarotene induced a cell fate shift characterized by a significant increase in GFAP+/S100B+ differentiated astrocytes, which uncovers the participation of activated-RXR in astrogenesis. In the neuronal lineage, the fate shift was counteracted by bexarotene-induced enhancement of NeuN+ nuclei together with neurite network outgrowth, indicating that the RXR agonist stimulates SVZ-aNCS neuronal differentiation at later stages. These findings establish new connections between RXR activation, astro- and neurogenesis in the adult brain, and contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies targeting nuclear receptors for neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Saibro-Girardi
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Matsubara Scheibel
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Reykla Ramon Bittencourt
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nicole Taís Fröhlich
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana Dos Reis Possa
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - José Claudio Fonseca Moreira
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Centro de Estudos em Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (ICBS-UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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8
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Jeon HM, Shin YJ, Lee J, Chang N, Woo DH, Lee WJ, Nguyen D, Kang W, Cho HJ, Yang H, Lee JK, Sa JK, Lee Y, Kim DG, Purow BW, Yoon Y, Nam DH, Lee J. The semaphorin 3A/neuropilin-1 pathway promotes clonogenic growth of glioblastoma via activation of TGF-β signaling. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e167049. [PMID: 37788099 PMCID: PMC10721275 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.167049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal brain cancer with a dismal prognosis. Stem-like GBM cells (GSCs) are a major driver of GBM propagation and recurrence; thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms that promote GSCs may lead to effective therapeutic approaches. Through in vitro clonogenic growth-based assays, we determined mitogenic activities of the ligand molecules that are implicated in neural development. We have identified that semaphorin 3A (Sema3A), originally known as an axon guidance molecule in the CNS, promotes clonogenic growth of GBM cells but not normal neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Mechanistically, Sema3A binds to its receptor neuropilin-1 (NRP1) and facilitates an interaction between NRP1 and TGF-β receptor 1 (TGF-βR1), which in turn leads to activation of canonical TGF-β signaling in both GSCs and NPCs. TGF-β signaling enhances self-renewal and survival of GBM tumors through induction of key stem cell factors, but it evokes cytostatic responses in NPCs. Blockage of the Sema3A/NRP1 axis via shRNA-mediated knockdown of Sema3A or NRP1 impeded clonogenic growth and TGF-β pathway activity in GSCs and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Sema3A/NRP1/TGF-βR1 signaling axis is a critical regulator of GSC propagation and a potential therapeutic target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Min Jeon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yong Jae Shin
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaehyun Lee
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nakho Chang
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Woo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Won Jun Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dayna Nguyen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wonyoung Kang
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Convergence Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Heekyoung Yang
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Ku Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jason K. Sa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeri Lee
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Geon Kim
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Benjamin W. Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yeup Yoon
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Hyun Nam
- Institute for Refractory Cancer Research, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
- Graduate School of Health Science & Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science & Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongwu Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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9
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Wang F, Zhao J, Zhang C, Yang B, Tian T, Tian M, Meng N, Xie W, Liu G, Zhu X, Su M, He Z, Liu Y, Tang D, Li Y. Effect of microserum environment stimulation on extraction and biological function of colorectal cancer stem cells. Discov Oncol 2023; 14:156. [PMID: 37639070 PMCID: PMC10462592 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-023-00779-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 3D cancer stem cell (CSC) cultures are widely used as in vitro tumor models. In this study, we determined the effects of enriching HCT116 tumor spheres initially cultured in serum-free medium with different concentrations of serum, focusing on the effect of microserum environment stimulation on extraction and biological function of colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs). METHODS CCSCs were enriched in standard serum-free medium and serum-free medium with different concentrations of serum for 1 week. The expression of CSC-associated markers in CCSCs, and the presence and relative proportion of CSCs (CD133/CD44 cell sorting) were then determined to elucidate the effect of the microserum environment on the preservation of CSC-related features. Further, the tumorigenic capacity of CCSCs was evaluated in an immunodeficiency mouse model. RESULTS Our data indicated that a significantly greater number of spheres with a greater size range and high viability without drastic alteration in biological and structural features, which maintained self-renewal potential after sequential passages were formed after serum supplementation. Real-time analysis showed that both serum spheres and serum-free spheres displayed similar expression patterns for key stemness genes. Serum spheres showed higher expression of the CSC surface markers CD133 and CD44 than did CSCs spheres cultured in serum-free medium. Adherent cultures in complete medium could adapt to the serum-containing microenvironment faster and showed higher proliferation ability. The addition of serum induced EMT and promoted the migration and invasion of serum globular cells. Compared with serum-free cells and adherent cells, serum spheres showed higher tumor initiation ability. CONCLUSIONS Microserum environment stimulation could be an effective strategy for reliable enrichment of intact CCSCs, and a more efficient CSC enrichment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiqing Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 71 Bao Shan North Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001 Guizhou Province China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin City, 300072 China
| | - Jianing Zhao
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 71 Bao Shan North Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001 Guizhou Province China
| | - Chike Zhang
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 4 Bei Jing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou Province China
| | - Bo Yang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 71 Bao Shan North Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001 Guizhou Province China
| | - Tingting Tian
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 71 Bao Shan North Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001 Guizhou Province China
| | - Mengxian Tian
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 71 Bao Shan North Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001 Guizhou Province China
| | - Na Meng
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 71 Bao Shan North Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001 Guizhou Province China
| | - Wei Xie
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 71 Bao Shan North Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001 Guizhou Province China
| | - Guangyang Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 71 Bao Shan North Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001 Guizhou Province China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 71 Bao Shan North Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001 Guizhou Province China
| | - Min Su
- Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou Province China
| | - Zhixu He
- Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou Province China
| | - Yang Liu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 71 Bao Shan North Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001 Guizhou Province China
- Key Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell Translational Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou Province China
| | - Dongxin Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 71 Bao Shan North Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550001 Guizhou Province China
| | - Yanju Li
- Department of Hematology Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 4 Bei Jing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, 550004 Guizhou Province China
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10
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Blasco-Chamarro L, Fariñas I. Fine-tuned rest: unveiling the regulatory landscape of adult quiescent neural stem cells. Neuroscience 2023:S0306-4522(23)00298-1. [PMID: 37437796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell quiescence is an essential mechanism that allows cells to temporarily halt proliferation while preserving the potential to resume it at a later time. The molecular mechanisms underlying cell quiescence are complex and involve the regulation of various signaling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic modifications. The importance of unveiling the mechanisms regulating the quiescent state is undeniable, as its long-term maintenance is key to sustain tissue homeostasis throughout life. Neural stem cells (NSCs) are maintained in the subependymal zone (SEZ) niche of adult mammalian brains mostly as long-lasting quiescent cells, owing to multiple intrinsic and extrinsic cues that actively regulate this state. Differently from other non-proliferative states, quiescence is a reversible and tightly regulated condition that can re-activate to support the formation of new neurons throughout adult lifespan. Decoding its regulatory mechanisms in homeostasis and unveiling how it is modulated in the context of the aged brain or during tumorigenesis, could bring us closer to the development of new potential strategies to intervene in adult neurogenesis with therapeutic purposes. Starting with a general conceptualization of the quiescent state in different stem cell niches, we here review what we have learned about NSC quiescence in the SEZ, encompassing the experimental strategies used for its study, to end up discussing the modulation of quiescence in the context of a physiology or pathological NSC dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Blasco-Chamarro
- Biomedical Research Network on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); Department of Cell Biology; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Institute (BioTecMed), University of Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Fariñas
- Biomedical Research Network on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED); Department of Cell Biology; Biotechnology and Biomedicine Institute (BioTecMed), University of Valencia, Spain.
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11
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Ghosh S, Mitra P, Saha U, Nandi R, Jena S, Ghosh A, Roy SS, Acharya M, Biswas NK, Singh S. NOTCH pathway inactivation reprograms stem-like oral cancer cells to JAK-STAT dependent state and provides the opportunity of synthetic lethality. Transl Oncol 2023; 32:101669. [PMID: 37054548 PMCID: PMC10122064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently provided the evidence of interconvertible cellular states, driving non-genetic heterogeneity among stem-like oral cancer cells (oral-SLCCs). Here, NOTCH pathway-activity status is explored as one of the possible mechanisms behind this stochastic plasticity. METHODS Oral-SLCCs were enriched in 3D-spheroids. Constitutively-active and inactive status of NOTCH pathway was achieved by genetic or pharmacological approaches. RNA sequencing and real-time PCR was performed for gene expression studies. in vitro cytotoxicity assessments were performed by AlamarBlue assay and in vivo effects were studied by xenograft growth in zebrafish embryo. RESULTS We have observed stochastic plasticity in oral-SLCCs, spontaneously maintaining both NOTCH-active and inactive states. While cisplatin refraction was associated with post-treatment adaptation to the active-state of NOTCH pathway, oral-SLCCs with inactive NOTCH pathway status showed aggressive tumor growth and poor prognosis. RNAseq analysis clearly suggested the upregulation of JAK-STAT pathway in NOTCH pathway-inactive subset. The 3D-spheroids with lower NOTCH-activity status displayed significantly higher sensitivity to JAK-selective drugs, Ruxolitinib or Tofacitinib or siRNA mediated downregulation of tested partners STAT3/4. Oral-SLCCs were programmed to adapt the inactive status of NOTCH pathway by exposing to γ-secretase inhibitors, LY411575 or RO4929097, followed by targeting with JAK-inhibitors, Ruxolitinib or Tofacitinib. This approach resulted in a very significant inhibition in viability of 3D-spheroids as well as xenograft initiation in Zebrafish embryos. CONCLUSION Study revealed for the first time that NOTCH pathway-inactive state exhibit activation of JAK-STAT pathways, as synthetic lethal pair. Therefore, co-inhibition of these pathway may serve as novel therapeutic strategy against aggressive oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Paromita Mitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Uday Saha
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Rimpa Nandi
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Subhashree Jena
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Shantanu Saha Roy
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Moulinath Acharya
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Nidhan Kumar Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India.
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12
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Pei H, Han Z, Wang Y, Xu C, Li Y, Fan Y, Li L, Tang B. Retraction of "Label-Free Isolation of Low-Adhesion Cells with Stem Properties for Cancer Stem Cell-Specific Drug Evaluation". Anal Chem 2023; 95:6191. [PMID: 36122350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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El Harane S, Zidi B, El Harane N, Krause KH, Matthes T, Preynat-Seauve O. Cancer Spheroids and Organoids as Novel Tools for Research and Therapy: State of the Art and Challenges to Guide Precision Medicine. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071001. [PMID: 37048073 PMCID: PMC10093533 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Spheroids and organoids are important novel players in medical and life science research. They are gradually replacing two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures. Indeed, three-dimensional (3D) cultures are closer to the in vivo reality and open promising perspectives for academic research, drug screening, and personalized medicine. A large variety of cells and tissues, including tumor cells, can be the starting material for the generation of 3D cultures, including primary tissues, stem cells, or cell lines. A panoply of methods has been developed to generate 3D structures, including spontaneous or forced cell aggregation, air-liquid interface conditions, low cell attachment supports, magnetic levitation, and scaffold-based technologies. The choice of the most appropriate method depends on (i) the origin of the tissue, (ii) the presence or absence of a disease, and (iii) the intended application. This review summarizes methods and approaches for the generation of cancer spheroids and organoids, including their advantages and limitations. We also highlight some of the challenges and unresolved issues in the field of cancer spheroids and organoids, and discuss possible therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bochra Zidi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nadia El Harane
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karl-Heinz Krause
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Matthes
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Preynat-Seauve
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Experimental Cell Therapy, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Baričević Z, Ayar Z, Leitao SM, Mladinic M, Fantner GE, Ban J. Label-Free Long-Term Methods for Live Cell Imaging of Neurons: New Opportunities. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:404. [PMID: 36979616 PMCID: PMC10046152 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Time-lapse light microscopy combined with in vitro neuronal cultures has provided a significant contribution to the field of Developmental Neuroscience. The establishment of the neuronal polarity, i.e., formation of axons and dendrites, key structures responsible for inter-neuronal signaling, was described in 1988 by Dotti, Sullivan and Banker in a milestone paper that continues to be cited 30 years later. In the following decades, numerous fluorescently labeled tags and dyes were developed for live cell imaging, providing tremendous advancements in terms of resolution, acquisition speed and the ability to track specific cell structures. However, long-term recordings with fluorescence-based approaches remain challenging because of light-induced phototoxicity and/or interference of tags with cell physiology (e.g., perturbed cytoskeletal dynamics) resulting in compromised cell viability leading to cell death. Therefore, a label-free approach remains the most desirable method in long-term imaging of living neurons. In this paper we will focus on label-free high-resolution methods that can be successfully used over a prolonged period. We propose novel tools such as scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) or digital holography microscopy (DHM) that could provide new insights into live cell dynamics during neuronal development and regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinko Baričević
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Zahra Ayar
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (Z.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Samuel M. Leitao
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (Z.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Miranda Mladinic
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Georg E. Fantner
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Instrumentation, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; (Z.A.); (S.M.L.)
| | - Jelena Ban
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (Z.B.); (M.M.)
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15
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Zhang X, Xiao G, Johnson C, Cai Y, Horowitz ZK, Mennicke C, Coffey R, Haider M, Threadgill D, Eliscu R, Oldham MC, Greenbaum A, Ghashghaei HT. Bulk and mosaic deletions of Egfr reveal regionally defined gliogenesis in the developing mouse forebrain. iScience 2023; 26:106242. [PMID: 36915679 PMCID: PMC10006693 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a role in cell proliferation and differentiation during healthy development and tumor growth; however, its requirement for brain development remains unclear. Here we used a conditional mouse allele for Egfr to examine its contributions to perinatal forebrain development at the tissue level. Subtractive bulk ventral and dorsal forebrain deletions of Egfr uncovered significant and permanent decreases in oligodendrogenesis and myelination in the cortex and corpus callosum. Additionally, an increase in astrogenesis or reactive astrocytes in effected regions was evident in response to cortical scarring. Sparse deletion using mosaic analysis with double markers (MADM) surprisingly revealed a regional requirement for EGFR in rostrodorsal, but not ventrocaudal glial lineages including both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. The EGFR-independent ventral glial progenitors may compensate for the missing EGFR-dependent dorsal glia in the bulk Egfr-deleted forebrain, potentially exposing a regenerative population of gliogenic progenitors in the mouse forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuying Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Guanxi Xiao
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Caroline Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yuheng Cai
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Zachary K. Horowitz
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Christine Mennicke
- Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Robert Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mansoor Haider
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David Threadgill
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Eliscu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael C. Oldham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alon Greenbaum
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - H. Troy Ghashghaei
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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16
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Canonical Wnt Pathway Is Involved in Chemoresistance and Cell Cycle Arrest Induction in Colon Cancer Cell Line Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065252. [PMID: 36982333 PMCID: PMC10049556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been associated with the induction of drug resistance and disease recurrence after therapy. 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is widely used as the first-line treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its effectiveness may be limited by the induction of drug resistance in tumor cells. The Wnt pathway plays a key role in the development and CRC progression, but it is not clearly established how it is involved in CSCs resistance to treatment. This work aimed to investigate the role played by the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway in CSCs resistance to 5FU treatment. Using tumor spheroids as a model of CSCs enrichment of CRC cell lines with different Wnt/β-catenin contexts, we found that 5FU induces in all CRC spheroids tested cell death, DNA damage, and quiescence, but in different proportions for each one: RKO spheroids were very sensitive to 5FU, while SW480 were less susceptible, and the SW620 spheroids, the metastatic derivative of SW480 cells, displayed the highest resistance to death, high clonogenic capacity, and the highest ability for regrowth after 5FU treatment. Activating the canonical Wnt pathway with Wnt3a in RKO spheroids decreased the 5FU-induced cell death. But the Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibition with Adavivint alone or in combination with 5FU in spheroids with aberrant activation of this pathway produced a severe cytostatic effect compromising their clonogenic capacity and diminishing the stem cell markers expression. Remarkably, this combined treatment also induced the survival of a small cell subpopulation that could exit the arrest, recover SOX2 levels, and re-grow after treatment.
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17
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Maklad A, Sedeeq M, Wilson R, Heath JA, Gueven N, Azimi I. LIN28 expression and function in medulloblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:533-548. [PMID: 36649308 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Current treatment modalities are not completely effective and can lead to severe neurological and cognitive adverse effects. In addition to urgently needing better treatment approaches, new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are required to improve the therapy outcomes of MB patients. The RNA-binding proteins, LIN28A and LIN28B, are known to regulate invasive phenotypes in many different cancer types. However, the expression and function of these proteins in MB had not been studied to date. This study identified the expression of LIN28A and LIN28B in MB patient samples and cell lines and assessed the effect of LIN28 inhibition on MB cell growth, metabolism and stemness. LIN28B expression was significantly upregulated in MB tissues compared to normal brain tissues. This upregulation, which was not observed in other brain tumors, was specific for the aggressive MB subgroups and correlated with patient survival and metastasis rates. Functionally, pharmacological inhibition of LIN28 activity concentration-dependently reduced LIN28B expression, as well as the growth of D283 MB cells. While LIN28 inhibition did not affect the levels of intracellular ATP, it reduced the expression of the stemness marker CD133 in D283 cells and the sphere formation of CHLA-01R cells. LIN28B, which is highly expressed in the human cerebellum during the first few months after birth, subsequently decreased with age. The results of this study highlight the potential of LIN28B as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for MB and open the possibility to utilize LIN28 as a pharmacological target to suppress MB cell growth and stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Maklad
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mohammed Sedeeq
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - John A Heath
- School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart, Australia
| | - Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Iman Azimi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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18
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Radoszkiewicz K, Hribljan V, Isakovic J, Mitrecic D, Sarnowska A. Critical points for optimizing long-term culture and neural differentiation capacity of rodent and human neural stem cells to facilitate translation into clinical settings. Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114353. [PMID: 36841464 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite several decades of research on the nature and functional properties of neural stem cells, which brought great advances in regenerative medicine, there is still a plethora of ambiguous protocols and interpretations linked to their applications. Here, we present a whole spectrum of protocol elements that should be standardized in order to obtain viable cell cultures and facilitate their translation into clinical settings. Additionally, this review also presents outstanding limitations and possible problems to be encountered when dealing with protocol optimization. Most importantly, we also outline the critical points that should be considered before starting any experiments utilizing neural stem cells or interpreting their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Radoszkiewicz
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valentina Hribljan
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Isakovic
- Omnion Research International Ltd, Heinzelova 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dinko Mitrecic
- Laboratory for Stem Cells, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5 Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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19
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Goruppi S, Clocchiatti A, Bottoni G, Di Cicco E, Ma M, Tassone B, Neel V, Demehri S, Simon C, Paolo Dotto G. The ULK3 kinase is a determinant of keratinocyte self-renewal and tumorigenesis targeting the arginine methylome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:887. [PMID: 36797248 PMCID: PMC9935893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36410-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms oversee epidermal homeostasis and oncogenesis. The identification of kinases controlling these processes has direct therapeutic implications. We show that ULK3 is a nuclear kinase with elevated expression levels in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) arising in multiple body sites, including skin and Head/Neck. ULK3 loss by gene silencing or deletion reduces proliferation and clonogenicity of human keratinocytes and SCC-derived cells and affects transcription impinging on stem cell-related and metabolism programs. Mechanistically, ULK3 directly binds and regulates the activity of two histone arginine methyltransferases, PRMT1 and PRMT5 (PRMT1/5), with ULK3 loss compromising PRMT1/5 chromatin association to specific genes and overall methylation of histone H4, a shared target of these enzymes. These findings are of translational significance, as downmodulating ULK3 by RNA interference or locked antisense nucleic acids (LNAs) blunts the proliferation and tumorigenic potential of SCC cells and promotes differentiation in two orthotopic models of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
| | - Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Bottoni
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Emery Di Cicco
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Min Ma
- Personalized Cancer Prevention Research Unit and Head and Neck Surgery Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Tassone
- Personalized Cancer Prevention Research Unit and Head and Neck Surgery Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
| | - Victor Neel
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Shadhmer Demehri
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Christian Simon
- Personalized Cancer Prevention Research Unit and Head and Neck Surgery Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, 02129, MA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.
- Personalized Cancer Prevention Research Unit and Head and Neck Surgery Division, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland.
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland.
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, 1066, Switzerland.
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20
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Matejčić M, Trepat X. Mechanobiological approaches to synthetic morphogenesis: learning by building. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:95-111. [PMID: 35879149 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis occurs in a complex physicochemical microenvironment with limited experimental accessibility. This often prevents a clear identification of the processes that govern the formation of a given functional shape. By applying state-of-the-art methods to minimal tissue systems, synthetic morphogenesis aims to engineer the discrete events that are necessary and sufficient to build specific tissue shapes. Here, we review recent advances in synthetic morphogenesis, highlighting how a combination of microfabrication and mechanobiology is fostering our understanding of how tissues are built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Matejčić
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Xavier Trepat
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute for Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Chang MR, Rusanov DA, Arakelyan J, Alshehri M, Asaturova AV, Kireeva GS, Babak MV, Ang WH. Targeting emerging cancer hallmarks by transition metal complexes: Cancer stem cells and tumor microbiome. Part I. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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22
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Stem cell plasticity, acetylation of H3K14, and de novo gene activation rely on KAT7. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111980. [PMID: 36641753 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the conventional model of transcriptional activation, transcription factors bind to response elements and recruit co-factors, including histone acetyltransferases. Contrary to this model, we show that the histone acetyltransferase KAT7 (HBO1/MYST2) is required genome wide for histone H3 lysine 14 acetylation (H3K14ac). Examining neural stem cells, we find that KAT7 and H3K14ac are present not only at transcribed genes but also at inactive genes, intergenic regions, and in heterochromatin. KAT7 and H3K14ac were not required for the continued transcription of genes that were actively transcribed at the time of loss of KAT7 but indispensable for the activation of repressed genes. The absence of KAT7 abrogates neural stem cell plasticity, diverse differentiation pathways, and cerebral cortex development. Re-expression of KAT7 restored stem cell developmental potential. Overexpression of KAT7 enhanced neuron and oligodendrocyte differentiation. Our data suggest that KAT7 prepares chromatin for transcriptional activation and is a prerequisite for gene activation.
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23
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Effects of a monoclonal antibody against (pro)renin receptor on gliomagenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:808. [PMID: 36646875 PMCID: PMC9842725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by a strong self-renewal potential and poor differentiated state. We have reported previously that the (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] is a potential target for glioma therapy by silencing the (P)RR gene. Here, we have examined the effects of a monoclonal antibody against (P)RR on gliomagenesis. Human glioma cell lines (U251MG and U87MG) and a glioma stem cell line (MGG23) were used for the in vitro study. The expressions of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (Wnt signaling pathway) components and stemness markers were measured by Western blotting. The effects of the (P)RR antibody on cell proliferation, sphere formation, apoptosis and migration were also examined. Subcutaneous xenografts were also examined in nude mice. Treatment with the (P)RR antibody reduced expression of Wnt signaling pathway components and stemness markers. Furthermore, the (P)RR antibody reduced cell proliferation and decreased sphere formation significantly. The treatment also suppressed migration and induced apoptosis. In a subcutaneous xenograft model, systemic administration of the (P)RR antibody reduced tumor volume significantly. These data show that treatment with the (P)RR antibody is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating glioblastoma.
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24
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Tsochantaridis I, Roupas A, Mohlin S, Pappa A, Voulgaridou GP. The Concept of Cancer Stem Cells: Elaborating on ALDH1B1 as an Emerging Marker of Cancer Progression. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:life13010197. [PMID: 36676146 PMCID: PMC9863106 DOI: 10.3390/life13010197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifactorial, complex disease exhibiting extraordinary phenotypic plasticity and diversity. One of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment is intratumoral heterogeneity, which obstructs the efficient eradication of the tumor. Tumor heterogeneity is often associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a cancer cell sub-population possessing a panel of stem-like properties, such as a self-renewal ability and multipotency potential. CSCs are associated with enhanced chemoresistance due to the enhanced efflux of chemotherapeutic agents and the existence of powerful antioxidant and DNA damage repair mechanisms. The distinctive characteristics of CSCs make them ideal targets for clinical therapeutic approaches, and the identification of efficient and specific CSCs biomarkers is of utmost importance. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) comprise a wide superfamily of metabolic enzymes that, over the last years, have gained increasing attention due to their association with stem-related features in a wide panel of hematopoietic malignancies and solid cancers. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1) is an isoform that has been characterized as a marker of colon cancer progression, while various studies suggest its importance in additional malignancies. Here, we review the basic concepts related to CSCs and discuss the potential role of ALDH1B1 in cancer development and its contribution to the CSC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilias Tsochantaridis
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Angelos Roupas
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Sofie Mohlin
- Division of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University Cancer Center, 22384 Lund, Sweden
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Georgia-Persephoni Voulgaridou
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
- Correspondence:
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25
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Ray S. Tumorsphere Formation Assay: A Cancer Stem-Like Cell Characterization in Pediatric Brain Cancer Medulloblastoma. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2701:253-259. [PMID: 37574488 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3373-1_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease, comprising of a mixture of different cell populations. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also known as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are a subpopulation of multipotent cells within the cancer that has self-renewing capability, tumor-initiating ability, multi-differentiation potential, and an inherent capacity for drug and chemoresistance. Sphere-formation assay is commonly used for enrichment and analysis of CSC properties in vitro and is typically used as a metric for testing the viability of tumor cells to anticancer agents. This model is based on the ability of CSCs to grow under ultralow-attachment conditions in serum-free medium supplemented with growth factors. In contrast to the adherent 2D culture of cancer cells, the 3D culture of tumorsphere assay exploits inherent biologic features of CSCs such as anoikis resistance and self-renewal. We describe here the detailed methodology for the generation and propagation of spheres generated from pediatric brain tumor medulloblastoma (MB) cells. As signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) is known to play an important role in maintaining cancer stem cell properties, we accessed the effect of depleting or inhibiting STAT3 on MB-sphere sizes, numbers, and integrity. This may serve as a promising platform for screening potential anti-CSC agents and small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutapa Ray
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Child Health Research Institute, Omaha, NE, USA.
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26
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Medina S, Ihrie RA, Irish JM. Learning cell identity in immunology, neuroscience, and cancer. Semin Immunopathol 2023; 45:3-16. [PMID: 36534139 PMCID: PMC9762661 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00976-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Suspension and imaging cytometry techniques that simultaneously measure hundreds of cellular features are powering a new era of cell biology and transforming our understanding of human tissues and tumors. However, a central challenge remains in learning the identities of unexpected or novel cell types. Cell identification rubrics that could assist trainees, whether human or machine, are not always rigorously defined, vary greatly by field, and differentially rely on cell intrinsic measurements, cell extrinsic tissue measurements, or external contextual information such as clinical outcomes. This challenge is especially acute in the context of tumors, where cells aberrantly express developmental programs that are normally time, location, or cell-type restricted. Well-established fields have contrasting practices for cell identity that have emerged from convention and convenience as much as design. For example, early immunology focused on identifying minimal sets of protein features that mark individual, functionally distinct cells. In neuroscience, features including morphology, development, and anatomical location were typical starting points for defining cell types. Both immunology and neuroscience now aim to link standardized measurements of protein or RNA to informative cell functions such as electrophysiology, connectivity, lineage potential, phospho-protein signaling, cell suppression, and tumor cell killing ability. The expansion of automated, machine-driven methods for learning cell identity has further created an urgent need for a harmonized framework for distinguishing cell identity across fields and technology platforms. Here, we compare practices in the fields of immunology and neuroscience, highlight concepts from each that might work well in the other, and propose ways to implement these ideas to study neural and immune cell interactions in brain tumors and associated model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Medina
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Rebecca A. Ihrie
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Jonathan M. Irish
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN USA
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27
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Rajabi A, Kayedi M, Rahimi S, Dashti F, Mirazimi SMA, Homayoonfal M, Mahdian SMA, Hamblin MR, Tamtaji OR, Afrasiabi A, Jafari A, Mirzaei H. Non-coding RNAs and glioma: Focus on cancer stem cells. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 27:100-123. [PMID: 36321132 PMCID: PMC9593299 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma and gliomas can have a wide range of histopathologic subtypes. These heterogeneous histologic phenotypes originate from tumor cells with the distinct functions of tumorigenesis and self-renewal, called glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs are characterized based on multi-layered epigenetic mechanisms, which control the expression of many genes. This epigenetic regulatory mechanism is often based on functional non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs have become increasingly important in the pathogenesis of human cancer and work as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate carcinogenesis and progression. These RNAs by being involved in chromatin remodeling and modification, transcriptional regulation, and alternative splicing of pre-mRNA, as well as mRNA stability and protein translation, play a key role in tumor development and progression. Numerous studies have been performed to try to understand the dysregulation pattern of these ncRNAs in tumors and cancer stem cells (CSCs), which show robust differentiation and self-regeneration capacity. This review provides recent findings on the role of ncRNAs in glioma development and progression, particularly their effects on CSCs, thus accelerating the clinical implementation of ncRNAs as promising tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rajabi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Kayedi
- Department of Radiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shiva Rahimi
- School of Medicine,Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Dashti
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Amin Mahdian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Afrasiabi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Jafari
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product (ATMP) Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Proteomics Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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28
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PROX1 transcription factor controls rhabdomyosarcoma growth, stemness, myogenic properties and therapeutic targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116220119. [PMID: 36459642 PMCID: PMC9894179 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116220119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive pediatric soft-tissue cancer with features of skeletal muscle. Because of poor survival of RMS patients and severe long-term side effects of RMS therapies, alternative RMS therapies are urgently needed. Here we show that the prospero-related homeobox 1 (PROX1) transcription factor is highly expressed in RMS tumors regardless of their cell type of origin. We demonstrate that PROX1 is needed for RMS cell clonogenicity, growth and tumor formation. PROX1 gene silencing repressed several myogenic and tumorigenic transcripts and transformed the RD cell transcriptome to resemble that of benign mesenchymal stem cells. Importantly, we found that fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) mediated the growth effects of PROX1 in RMS. Because of receptor cross-compensation, paralog-specific FGFR inhibition did not mimic the effects of PROX1 silencing, whereas a pan-FGFR inhibitor ablated RMS cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. Our findings uncover the critical role of PROX1 in RMS and offer insights into the mechanisms that regulate RMS development and growth. As FGFR inhibitors have already been tested in clinical phase I/II trials in other cancer types, our findings provide an alternative option for RMS treatment.
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29
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Mayani H, Chávez-González A, Vázquez-Santillan K, Contreras J, Guzman ML. Cancer Stem Cells: Biology and Therapeutic Implications. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:770-784. [PMID: 36462951 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
It is well recognized that most cancers derive and progress from transformation and clonal expansion of a single cell that possesses stem cell properties, i.e., self-renewal and multilineage differentiation capacities. Such cancer stem cells (CSCs) are usually present at very low frequencies and possess properties that make them key players in tumor development. Indeed, besides having the ability to initiate tumor growth, CSCs drive tumor progression and metastatic dissemination, are resistant to most cancer drugs, and are responsible for cancer relapse. All of these features make CSCs attractive targets for the development of more effective oncologic treatments. In the present review article, we have summarized recent advances in the biology of CSCs, including their identification through their immunophenotype, and their physiology, both in vivo and in vitro. We have also analyzed some molecular markers that might become targets for developing new therapies aiming at hampering CSCs regeneration and cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Mayani
- Unidad de Investigaci..n en Enfermedades Oncol..gicas, Hospital de Oncolog.ía, Centro M..dico Nacional SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Ciudad de M..xico, M..xico.
| | - Antonieta Chávez-González
- Unidad de Investigaci..n en Enfermedades Oncol..gicas, Hospital de Oncolog.ía, Centro M..dico Nacional SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Ciudad de M..xico, M..xico
| | | | - Jorge Contreras
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica L Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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30
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Chambost AJ, Berabez N, Cochet-Escartin O, Ducray F, Gabut M, Isaac C, Martel S, Idbaih A, Rousseau D, Meyronet D, Monnier S. Machine learning-based detection of label-free cancer stem-like cell fate. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19066. [PMID: 36352045 PMCID: PMC9646748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) is mainly based on molecular markers or functional tests giving a posteriori results. Therefore label-free and real-time detection of single CSCs remains a difficult challenge. The recent development of microfluidics has made it possible to perform high-throughput single cell imaging under controlled conditions and geometries. Such a throughput requires adapted image analysis pipelines while providing the necessary amount of data for the development of machine-learning algorithms. In this paper, we provide a data-driven study to assess the complexity of brightfield time-lapses to monitor the fate of isolated cancer stem-like cells in non-adherent conditions. We combined for the first time individual cell fate and cell state temporality analysis in a unique algorithm. We show that with our experimental system and on two different primary cell lines our optimized deep learning based algorithm outperforms classical computer vision and shallow learning-based algorithms in terms of accuracy while being faster than cutting-edge convolutional neural network (CNNs). With this study, we show that tailoring our deep learning-based algorithm to the image analysis problem yields better results than pre-trained models. As a result, such a rapid and accurate CNN is compatible with the rise of high-throughput data generation and opens the door to on-the-fly CSC fate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Chambost
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, Villeurbanne, France ,grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Pathology Institute, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Nabila Berabez
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Cochet-Escartin
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - François Ducray
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, Villeurbanne, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Neuro-oncology Department, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Gabut
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Caroline Isaac
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sylvie Martel
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- grid.462844.80000 0001 2308 1657Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire La Pitié Salpêtrière, DMU Neurosciences, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - David Rousseau
- grid.7252.20000 0001 2248 3363Laboratoire Angevin de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes (LARIS), UMR Inrae IRHS, Université d’Angers, 49000 Angers, France
| | - David Meyronet
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Cancer Initiation and Tumor Cell Identity Department, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69008 Lyon, Villeurbanne, France ,grid.413852.90000 0001 2163 3825Pathology Institute, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sylvain Monnier
- grid.7849.20000 0001 2150 7757Univ Lyon, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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31
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An Alzheimer’s Disease Patient-Derived Olfactory Stem Cell Model Identifies Gene Expression Changes Associated with Cognition. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203258. [PMID: 36291125 PMCID: PMC9601087 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An early symptom of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an impaired sense of smell, for which the molecular basis remains elusive. Here, we generated human olfactory neurosphere-derived (ONS) cells from people with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and performed global RNA sequencing to determine gene expression changes. ONS cells expressed markers of neuroglial differentiation, providing a unique cellular model to explore changes of early AD-associated pathways. Our transcriptomics data from ONS cells revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with cognitive processes in AD cells compared to MCI, or matched healthy controls (HC). A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 6 (AKAP6) was the most significantly altered gene in AD compared to both MCI and HC, and has been linked to cognitive function. The greatest change in gene expression of all DEGs occurred between AD and MCI. Gene pathway analysis revealed defects in multiple cellular processes with aging, intellectual deficiency and alternative splicing being the most significantly dysregulated in AD ONS cells. Our results demonstrate that ONS cells can provide a cellular model for AD that recapitulates disease-associated differences. We have revealed potential novel genes, including AKAP6 that may have a role in AD, particularly MCI to AD transition, and should be further examined.
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32
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Minematsu H, Afify SM, Sugihara Y, Hassan G, Zahra MH, Seno A, Adachi M, Seno M. Cancer stem cells induced by chronic stimulation with prostaglandin E2 exhibited constitutively activated PI3K axis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15628. [PMID: 36115905 PMCID: PMC9482612 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19265-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, our group has demonstrated establishment of Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) models from stem cells in the presence of conditioned medium of cancer cell lines. In this study, we tried to identify the factors responsible for the induction of CSCs. Since we found the lipid composition could be traced to arachidonic acid cascade in the CSC model, we assessed prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as a candidate for the ability to induce CSCs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Mouse iPSCs acquired the characteristics of CSCs in the presence of 10 ng/mL of PGE2 after 4 weeks. Since constitutive Akt activation and pik3cg overexpression were found in the resultant CSCs, of which growth was found independent of PGE2, chronic stimulation of the receptors EP-2/4 by PGE2 was supposed to induce CSCs from iPSCs through epigenetic effect. The bioinformatics analysis of the next generation sequence data of the obtained CSCs proposed not only receptor tyrosine kinase activation by growth factors but also extracellular matrix and focal adhesion enhanced PI3K pathway. Collectively, chronic stimulation of stem cells with PGE2 was implied responsible for cancer initiation enhancing PI3K/Akt axis.
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Wang C, Yu X, Ding S, Liu Y, Zhang H, Fu J, Yu B, Zhu H. Induced hepatic stem cells maintain self-renewal through the high expression of Myc coregulated by TET1 and CTCF. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:143. [PMID: 36056448 PMCID: PMC9440563 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00883-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Induced hepatic stem cells (iHepSCs) with the capacities of self-renewal and bidifferentiation into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes were generated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) by lineage reprogramming in our previous research. However, the mechanism of iHepSC self-renewal has not been elucidated. Active demethylation regulated by Tet1 plays an important role in the self-renewal of stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of Tet1-regulated demethylation in the self-renewal of iHepSCs.
Methods
The methylation levels and the expression of Tet1 in iHepSCs and MEFs were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. Then, the effects of Tet1 knockdown on the proliferation and self-renewal of iHepSCs were analyzed by CCK8, colony formation, and sphere formation assays. The mechanism by which Tet1 regulates the self-renewal of iHepSCs was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation, bisulfite sequence PCR, and methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease-PCR.
Results
The high level of 5hmC and the low level of 5mC in iHepSCs were accompanied by high expression of Tet1. After Tet1 expression was knocked down by shRNA in iHepSCs, the proliferation and self-renewal capacities were inhibited, and the expression of Myc was also decreased. The higher expression level of Myc in iHepSCs maintained its self-renewal and was regulated by Tet1, which directly binds to CBS-1 and site A regions of the Myc promoter and demethylates the CpG cytosine. In addition, CTCF also binds to the CBS-1 and site A regions of the Myc promoter and regulates Myc expression along with TET1.
Conclusion
The self-renewal of iHepSCs was maintained by the higher expression of Myc, which was coregulated by TET1 and CTCF. This study may provide new insights into the self-renewal of stem cells, which can promote the research and application of ‘reprogrammed’ stem cells.
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JIB-04, a Pan-Inhibitor of Histone Demethylases, Targets Histone-Lysine-Demethylase-Dependent AKT Pathway, Leading to Cell Cycle Arrest and Inhibition of Cancer Stem-Like Cell Properties in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147657. [PMID: 35887001 PMCID: PMC9322929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
JIB-04, a pan-histone lysine demethylase (KDM) inhibitor, targets drug-resistant cells, along with colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are crucial for cancer recurrence and metastasis. Despite the advances in CSC biology, the effect of JIB-04 on liver CSCs (LCSCs) and the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been elucidated yet. Here, we showed that JIB-04 targeted KDMs, leading to the growth inhibition and cell cycle arrest of HCC, and abolished the viability of LCSCs. JIB-04 significantly attenuated CSC tumorsphere formation, growth, relapse, migration, and invasion in vitro. Among KDMs, the deficiency of KDM4B, KDM4D, and KDM6B reduced the viability of the tumorspheres, suggesting their roles in the function of LCSCs. RNA sequencing revealed that JIB-04 affected various cancer-related pathways, especially the PI3K/AKT pathway, which is crucial for HCC malignancy and the maintenance of LCSCs. Our results revealed KDM6B-dependent AKT2 expression and the downregulation of E2F-regulated genes via JIB-04-induced inhibition of the AKT2/FOXO3a/p21/RB axis. A ChIP assay demonstrated JIB-04-induced reduction in H3K27me3 at the AKT2 promoter and the enrichment of KDM6B within this promoter. Overall, our results strongly suggest that the inhibitory effect of JIB-04 on HCC malignancy and the maintenance of LCSCs is mediated via targeting the KDM6B-AKT2 pathway, indicating the therapeutic potential of JIB-04.
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Liu Y, Chen X, Chen J, Luo Y, Chen Z, Lin D, Zhang J, Liu D. Gel-Free Single-Cell Culture Arrays on a Microfluidic Chip for Highly Efficient Expansion and Recovery of Colon Cancer Stem Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3623-3632. [PMID: 35786837 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The microgel single-cell culture approach we developed to expand tumor stem cells (TSCs) is associated with limited TSC production, which can be attributable to cell viability loss in microgel formation and tumorsphere expansion limitation caused by hydrogel stiffness. In this work, we developed a gel-free single-cell culture array on a microfluidic chip to overcome these issues. The microfluidic chip used in the study has a 16,000 hydrophilic microchamber array, which can capture ∼2000 single cells at a time. After cell capturing, the cell culture chambers were enclosed by forming a chitosan layer through interactions between chitosan and alginate, thus preventing cell loss in the gel-free culture. The hydrophilic coating prevented cell adhesion, so only TSCs with anti-apoptosis and self-renewal properties can survive the harsh culture and form tumorspheres. After a 7 day culture, 19.04% of the HCT116 colon cancer cells formed single-cell-derived tumorspheres with an average size of 46.59 ± 10.58 μm. Compared with the microgel single-cell culture, sphere-forming rate and TSC expansion efficiency were significantly improved by using this gel-free single-cell culture array. After cell culture, the chitosan layer could be destabilized easily, thus allowing recovery of the tumorspheres from the microchip by applying a reverse flow. Approximately 13,600 cells could be obtained in a single culture, which can be used for off-chip cell assays. Flow cytometry analysis indicated high proportions of LGR5(+) and SOX2(+) cells within the single-cell-derived tumorspheres. Moreover, the differentiation experiments confirmed the multi-lineage differentiation potential of single-cell-derived tumorspheres. The gel-free single-cell culture offers a label-free approach to obtain sufficient amounts of TSCs, which is valuable for tumor biology research and the development of TSC-specific therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jueming Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanzhang Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zihe Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongguo Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Microfluidic Chip Medical Diagnosis, Guangzhou 510180, China.,Clinical Molecular Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Dayu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Microfluidic Chip Medical Diagnosis, Guangzhou 510180, China.,Clinical Molecular Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510180, China
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36
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Endogenous Neural Stem Cell Mediated Oligodendrogenesis in the Adult Mammalian Brain. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132101. [PMID: 35805185 PMCID: PMC9265817 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrogenesis is essential for replacing worn-out oligodendrocytes, promoting myelin plasticity, and for myelin repair following a demyelinating injury in the adult mammalian brain. Neural stem cells are an important source of oligodendrocytes in the adult brain; however, there are considerable differences in oligodendrogenesis from neural stem cells residing in different areas of the adult brain. Amongst the distinct niches containing neural stem cells, the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus are considered the principle areas of adult neurogenesis. In addition to these areas, radial glia-like cells, which are the precursors of neural stem cells, are found in the lining of the third ventricle, where they are called tanycytes, and in the cerebellum, where they are called Bergmann glia. In this review, we will describe the contribution and regulation of each of these niches in adult oligodendrogenesis.
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Veernala I, Jaffet J, Fried J, Mertsch S, Schrader S, Basu S, Vemuganti G, Singh V. Lacrimal gland regeneration: The unmet challenges and promise for dry eye therapy. Ocul Surf 2022; 25:129-141. [PMID: 35753665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
DED (Dry eye disease) is a common multifactorial disease of the ocular surface and the tear film. DED has gained attention globally, with millions of people affected.. Although treatment strategies for DED have shifted towards Tear Film Oriented Therapy (TFOT), all the existing strategies fall under standard palliative care when addressed as a long-term goal. Therefore, different approaches have been explored by various groups to uncover alternative treatment strategies that can contribute to a full regeneration of the damaged lacrimal gland. For this, multiple groups have investigated the role of lacrimal gland (LG) cells in DED based on their regenerating, homing, and differentiating capabilities. In this review, we discuss in detail therapeutic mechanisms and regenerative strategies that can potentially be applied for lacrimal gland regeneration as well as their therapeutic applications. This review mainly focuses on Aqueous Deficiency Dry Eye Disease (ADDE) caused by lacrimal gland dysfunction and possible future treatment strategies. The current key findings from cell and tissue-based regenerative therapy modalities that could be utilised to achieve lacrimal gland tissue regeneration are summarized. In addition, this review summarises the available literature from in vitro to in vivo animal studies, their limitations in relation to lacrimal gland regeneration and the possible clinical applications. Finally, current issues and unmet needs of cell-based therapies in providing complete lacrimal gland tissue regeneration are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Induvahi Veernala
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Jilu Jaffet
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, 500 034, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Jasmin Fried
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Mertsch
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schrader
- Laboratory of Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology, Pius-Hospital, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Sayan Basu
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, 500 034, India
| | - Geeta Vemuganti
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Prof C R Rao Road, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
| | - Vivek Singh
- Centre for Ocular Regeneration, Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, Champalimaud Translational Centre for Eye Research, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Marg, Hyderabad, 500 034, India.
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38
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Vipparthi K, Hari K, Chakraborty P, Ghosh S, Patel AK, Ghosh A, Biswas NK, Sharan R, Arun P, Jolly MK, Singh S. Emergence of hybrid states of stem-like cancer cells correlates with poor prognosis in oral cancer. iScience 2022; 25:104317. [PMID: 35602941 PMCID: PMC9114525 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell state transitions emerged as powerful mechanisms responsible for drug tolerance and overall poor prognosis; however, evidences were largely missing in oral cancer. Here, by multiplexing phenotypic markers of stem-like cancer cells (SLCCs); CD44, CD24 and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), we characterized diversity among multiple oral tumor tissues and cell lines. Two distinct patterns of spontaneous transitions with stochastic bidirectional interconversions on ‘ALDH-axis’, and unidirectional non-interconvertible transitions on ‘CD24-axis’ were observed. Interestingly, plastic ‘ALDH-axis’ was harnessed by cells to adapt to a Cisplatin tolerant state. Furthermore, phenotype-specific RNA sequencing suggested the possible maintenance of intermediate hybrid cell states maintaining stemness within the differentiating subpopulations. Importantly, survival analysis with subpopulation-specific gene sets strongly suggested that cell-state transitions may drive non-genetic heterogeneity, resulting in poor prognosis. Therefore, we have described the phenotypic-composition of heterogeneous subpopulations critical for global tumor behavior in oral cancer; which may provide prerequisite knowledge for treatment strategies. Demonstrated population trajectory driven non-genetic heterogeneity in oral cancer Created transition maps for subpopulations using discrete time Markov chain model Demonstrated maintenance of stemness in cells undergoing differentiation Uniquely expressed genes of these subpopulations associated with disease prognosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Vipparthi
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Kishore Hari
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, India Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Priyanka Chakraborty
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, India Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Subhashis Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Patel
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Nidhan Kumar Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Rajeev Sharan
- Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal 700160, India
| | - Pattatheyil Arun
- Head and Neck Surgery, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal 700160, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, India Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Hu Q, Luo H, Lu B, Gao Y, Qiao Z, Zhou Y, Fang Y, Gu J, Zhang T, Xiong Z. 3D Bioprinted GelMA-Nanoclay Hydrogels Induce Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells Through Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200364. [PMID: 35229478 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare cell population in tumors that are responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. They are a priority as therapeutic targets, however, assays targeting CSCs have been limited by expanding and maintaining CSCs in vitro. Here, the authors find that gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-nanoclay hybrid hydrogels can induce and enrich colorectal CSCs assisted by three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. The presence of the nanoclay increases the printability, Young's modulus, pore size, and cytocompatibility of the hydrogels. Bioprinted GelMA-nanoclay hydrogels promote the formation of spheroids expressing elevated levels of the stemness markers LGR5, CD133, CD26, and SOX2. Cancer cells grown in GelMA-nanoclay hydrogel possess higher self-renewal and differentiation capacity in vitro and higher tumorigenic capacity in vivo. GelMA-nanoclay hydrogels induce CSCs by stimulating the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Further studies demonstrate that spheroids from GelMA-nanoclay hydrogels possess increased stemness, higher consistency, yield, and sensitivity to the anti-CSC compounds compared to the classic CSC-enrichment model. Collectively, this study may provide a valuable biomaterial and method for inducing and enriching CSCs, to facilitate the effective CSC-targeting drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zhang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qifan Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, BNRIST Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Hao Luo
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Bingchuan Lu
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yunhe Gao
- Senior Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Qiao
- Senior Department of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Yongsen Zhou
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yongcong Fang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jin Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, BNRIST Bioinformatics Division, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Xiong
- Biomanufacturing Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Rapid Forming Technology Key Laboratory of Beijing, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Biomanufacturing and Engineering Living Systems Innovation International Talents Base (111 Base), Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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40
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Chao HM, Wang TW, Chern E, Hsu SH. Regulatory RNAs, microRNA, long-non coding RNA and circular RNA roles in colorectal cancer stem cells. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2022; 14:748-764. [PMID: 35582099 PMCID: PMC9048531 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v14.i4.748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of cancer stem cells (CSCs), such as self-renewal, drug resistance, and metastasis, have been indicated to be responsible for the poor prognosis of patients with colon cancers. The epigenetic regulatory network plays a crucial role in CSC properties. Regulatory non-coding RNA (ncRNA), including microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have an important influence on cell physiopathology. They modulate cells by regulating gene expression in different ways. This review discusses the basic characteristics and the physiological functions of colorectal cancer (CRC) stem cells. Elucidation of these ncRNAs will help us understand the pathological mechanism of CRC progression, and they could become a new target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Mei Chao
- Department of Pathology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Wei Wang
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Edward Chern
- niChe Lab for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shan-hui Hsu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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41
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Beiriger J, Habib A, Jovanovich N, Kodavali CV, Edwards L, Amankulor N, Zinn PO. The Subventricular Zone in Glioblastoma: Genesis, Maintenance, and Modeling. Front Oncol 2022; 12:790976. [PMID: 35359410 PMCID: PMC8960165 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.790976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant tumor with a median survival rate of 15-16 months with standard care; however, cases of successful treatment offer hope that an enhanced understanding of the pathology will improve the prognosis. The cell of origin in GBM remains controversial. Recent evidence has implicated stem cells as cells of origin in many cancers. Neural stem/precursor cells (NSCs) are being evaluated as potential initiators of GBM tumorigenesis. The NSCs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) have demonstrated similar molecular profiles and share several distinctive characteristics to proliferative glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) in GBM. Genomic and proteomic studies comparing the SVZ and GBM support the hypothesis that the tumor cells and SVZ cells are related. Animal models corroborate this connection, demonstrating migratory patterns from the SVZ to the tumor. Along with laboratory and animal research, clinical studies have demonstrated improved progression-free survival in patients with GBM after radiation to the ipsilateral SVZ. Additionally, key genetic mutations in GBM for the most part carry regulatory roles in the SVZ as well. An exciting avenue towards SVZ modeling and determining its role in gliomagenesis in the human context is human brain organoids. Here we comprehensively discuss and review the role of the SVZ in GBM genesis, maintenance, and modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamison Beiriger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Ahmed Habib
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Nicolina Jovanovich
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Chowdari V Kodavali
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Lincoln Edwards
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
| | - Pascal O Zinn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA, United States
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42
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Chen Y, Lu X, Gao L, Dean DC, Liu Y. Spheroid-induced heterogeneity and plasticity of uveal melanoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2022; 45:309-321. [PMID: 35404029 PMCID: PMC9050762 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The mechanism underlying cancer heterogeneity and plasticity remains elusive, in spite of the fact that multiple hypotheses have been put forward. We intended to clarify this heterogeneity in uveal melanoma (UM) by looking for evidence of cancer stem cell involvement and a potential role of ZEB1 in cancer cell plasticity. METHODS Spheroids derived from human UM cells as well as xenograft tumors in nude mice were dissected for signs of heterogeneity and plasticity. Two human UM cell lines were studied: the epithelioid type C918 cell line and the spindle type OCM1 cell line. We knocked down ZEB1 in both cell lines to investigate its involvement in the regulation of stem-like cell formation and vascularization by qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. RESULTS We found that a small side population (SP) in OCM1 showed stem cell-like properties such as heterogeneity, remote dissemination and nuclear dye exclusion after spheroid formation in vitro. ZEB1 regulated UM stem cell generation indirectly by promoting cell proliferation to form large size tumors in vivo and spheroid in vitro, and directly by binding to stemness genes such as TERT and ABCB1. In addition, we found that ZEB1 participates in vasculogenic mimicry system formation through the regulation of CD34 and VE-cadherin expression. CONCLUSIONS From our data we conclude that cancer stem cells may contribute to UM heterogeneity and plasticity and that ZEB1 may play a regulatory role in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, National Clinical Medical Center for Geriatric Diseases of Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqin Lu
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Douglas C. Dean
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
| | - Yongqing Liu
- Department of Medicine, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY USA
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Bagheri V, Esmaeili SA, Gholamin M, Abbaszadegan MR. Rapid Isolation of Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cancer Stem Cells as a Target for Autologous Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 20:e3045. [PMID: 36337066 PMCID: PMC9583826 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2021.284841.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignancy cause associated with a high death rate in the world. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a rare immortal subpopulation of cells within tumors with characteristics of the ability to self-renew, initiate tumor, and differentiate into defined progenies as well as and high resistance to conventional therapies. Objectives Despite the use of surgery and chemotherapy for GC therapy, there are no efficient therapeutic protocols for it to date. Therefore, rapid isolation of CSCs in order to therapeutic targets, especially immunotherapy is very important. Materials and Methods Cancerous cell suspension isolated from patients with GC was cultured in the serum-free medium containing EGF, bFGF, LIF, and heparin under non-adherent culture conditions to generate spheres. Expression of mRNA level stemness transcription factors (OCT4, SOX2, SALL4, and Cripto-1), CD44 variable isoforms (CD44s, CD44v3, CD44v6, CD44V8-10) of spheroid-forming single cells compared with gastric normal tissue cells using real time PCR and molecules of CD44, CD54, and EpCAM as gastric CSC markers, and stemness factor Oct4 using flow cytometry, as well as tumorgenicity using subcutaneous injection of sphere-forming cells to nude mice were investigated. Results Few cancerous cells isolated from patients with GC were able to generate three-dimensional spheroid colonies in the serum-free medium containing EGF, bFGF, LIF, and heparin under non-adherent culture conditions, and form xenograft tumors in immunodeficient nude mice after subcutaneous injection. Spheroid-forming single cells upregulated stemness transcription factors OCT4, SOX2, SALL4, and Cripto-1 that are associated with pluripotency and self-renewal and CD44 isoforms (CD44s, CD44v3, CD44v6, CD44V8-10) compared with gastric normal tissue cells. Finally, molecules of CD44, CD54, and EpCAM as gastric CSC markers and stemness factor Oct4 were expressed in sphere-forming cells. Conclusion We suggested that the sphere formation and tumorigenicity assays are two procedures, leading to the rapid isolation of cancer cells with certain stem-like properties in order to target CSCs using autologous dendritic cell therapy, especially in patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ,
Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Gholamin
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. ,
Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Reinitz F, Chen EY, Nicolis di Robilant B, Chuluun B, Antony J, Jones RC, Gubbi N, Lee K, Ho WHD, Kolluru SS, Qian D, Adorno M, Piltti K, Anderson A, Monje M, Heller HC, Quake SR, Clarke MF. Inhibiting USP16 rescues stem cell aging and memory in an Alzheimer's model. eLife 2022; 11:66037. [PMID: 35311644 PMCID: PMC9122497 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease observed with aging that represents the most common form of dementia. To date, therapies targeting end-stage disease plaques, tangles, or inflammation have limited efficacy. Therefore, we set out to identify a potential earlier targetable phenotype. Utilizing a mouse model of AD and human fetal cells harboring mutant amyloid precursor protein, we show cell intrinsic neural precursor cell (NPC) dysfunction precedes widespread inflammation and amyloid plaque pathology, making it the earliest defect in the evolution of the disease. We demonstrate that reversing impaired NPC self-renewal via genetic reduction of USP16, a histone modifier and critical physiological antagonist of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 1, can prevent downstream cognitive defects and decrease astrogliosis in vivo. Reduction of USP16 led to decreased expression of senescence gene Cdkn2a and mitigated aberrant regulation of the Bone Morphogenetic Signaling (BMP) pathway, a previously unknown function of USP16. Thus, we reveal USP16 as a novel target in an AD model that can both ameliorate the NPC defect and rescue memory and learning through its regulation of both Cdkn2a and BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Reinitz
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Elizabeth Y Chen
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Benedetta Nicolis di Robilant
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | | | - Jane Antony
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Robert C Jones
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Neha Gubbi
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Karen Lee
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - William Hai Dang Ho
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Sai Saroja Kolluru
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Dalong Qian
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Maddalena Adorno
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Katja Piltti
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Aileen Anderson
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, United States
| | - Michelle Monje
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - H Craig Heller
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Stephen R Quake
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Michael F Clarke
- Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
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45
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Impact of Regorafenib on Endothelial Transdifferentiation of Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061551. [PMID: 35326702 PMCID: PMC8946617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBM) are aggressive brain tumours with a poor prognosis despite heavy therapy that combines surgical resection and radio-chemotherapy. The presence of a subpopulation of GBM stem cells (GSC) contributes to tumour aggressiveness, resistance and recurrence. Moreover, GBM are characterised by abnormal, abundant vascularisation. Previous studies have shown that GSC are directly involved in new vessel formation via their transdifferentiation into tumour-derived endothelial cells (TDEC) and that irradiation (IR) potentiates the pro-angiogenic capacity of TDEC via the Tie2 signalling pathway. We therefore investigated the impact of regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor with anti-angiogenic and anti-tumourigenic activity, on GSC and TDEC obtained from irradiated GSC (TDEC IR+) or non-irradiated GSC (TDEC). Regorafenib significantly decreases GSC neurosphere formation in vitro and inhibits tumour formation in the orthotopic xenograft model. Regorafenib also inhibits transdifferentiation by decreasing CD31 expression, CD31+ cell count, pseudotube formation in vitro and the formation of functional blood vessels in vivo of TDEC and TDEC IR+. All of these results confirm that regorafenib clearly impacts GSC tumour formation and transdifferentiation and may therefore be a promising therapeutic option in combination with chemo/radiotherapy for the treatment of highly aggressive brain tumours.
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46
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Breast Cancer Stem Cell Membrane Biomarkers: Therapy Targeting and Clinical Implications. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060934. [PMID: 35326385 PMCID: PMC8946706 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide. Importantly, there have been significant improvements in prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment options, which resulted in a significant decrease in breast cancer mortality rates. Nevertheless, the high rates of incidence combined with therapy resistance result in cancer relapse and metastasis, which still contributes to unacceptably high mortality of breast cancer patients. In this context, a small subpopulation of highly tumourigenic cancer cells within the tumour bulk, commonly designated as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), have been suggested as key elements in therapy resistance, which are responsible for breast cancer relapses and distant metastasis. Thus, improvements in BCSC-targeting therapies are crucial to tackling the metastatic progression and might allow therapy resistance to be overcome. However, the design of effective and specific BCSC-targeting therapies has been challenging since there is a lack of specific biomarkers for BCSCs, and the most common clinical approaches are designed for commonly altered BCSCs signalling pathways. Therefore, the search for a new class of BCSC biomarkers, such as the expression of membrane proteins with cancer stem cell potential, is an area of clinical relevance, once membrane proteins are accessible on the cell surface and easily recognized by specific antibodies. Here, we discuss the significance of BCSC membrane biomarkers as potential prognostic and therapeutic targets, reviewing the CSC-targeting therapies under clinical trials for breast cancer.
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47
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Zhu Y, Fu F, Wang Z, Qiu F, Deng T, Du B, Zhu Y, Xi X. Polyphyllin VII is a Potential Drug Targeting CD44 Positive Colon Cancer Cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:426-435. [DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220304110222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Current therapies for colon cancer are hindered by treatment failure and recurrence mainly due to colon cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, treatment using drugs targeting CSCs should be effective in eliminating colon cancer cells and impeding cancer recurrence.
Objective:
To test if PPVII can a potent drug candidate for the treatment of colon cancer by targeting CD44 positive colon cancer cells.
Methods:
In this study, we first demonstrated that CD44 is highly expressed in colon cancer tissues by TCGA/GTEX database analysis and immunohistochemical staining.
Results:
In this study, we first demonstrated that CD44 is highly expressed in colon cancer tissues by TCGA/GTEX database analysis. CD44 had high accuracy as a diagnostic and predictive index for colorectal cancer through Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. At the same time, survival curve analysis also showed that the high expression of CD44 was associated with poor prognosis in patients with colon cancer. CD44 higher expression in colon cancer tissues was further confirmed by immunohistochemical staining, the positive rate of CD44 expression was 87.95%. Then, one of the constituents that derives from the root of Paris polyphylla, Polyphyllin VII (PPVII) has been confirmed to inhibit the migration of colon cancer cells. Our results also demonstrated that PPVII could inhibit the sphere-forming ability of colon cancer cells. Further experiment results showed that PPVII could downregulate the expression of CD44 in colon cancer cells. In addition, PPVII was proved to have inhibitory effects against CD44 positive colon cancer cells.
Conclusion:
Therefore, PPVII might be a potent candidate reagent for the treatment of colon cancer by targeting CD44 positive colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Fei Fu
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Fen Qiu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Ting Deng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Boyu Du
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine.
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine
- Hubei Key laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research
| | - Yunhe Zhu
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Xueyan Xi
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine.
- Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine
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48
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Shen P, Yu Y, Yan Y, Yu B, You W. LncRNA CASC15 regulates breast cancer cell stemness via the miR-654-5p/MEF2D axis. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23023. [PMID: 35235236 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated the prognostic and diagnostic potential of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) cancer susceptibility candidate 15 (lncRNA CASC15) for the progression and tumorigenesis of human cancer. However, how CASC15 modulates the stemness of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is not well understood. In this study, high expression of CASC15 in MCF-7 CSCs was reported, relative to MCF-7 cells, and this phenomenon was associated with metastatic lymph nodes, higher TNM stage, and shorter breast cancer survival rates. Further experiments revealed that CASC15 promoted the acquisition of stemness properties of breast cancer cells (BSCCs) by competing with endogenous RNA for miR-654-5p, resulting in overexpression of MEF2D in BCSCs. Overall, breast cancer stemness and tumor development are regulated via the CASC15/miR-654-5p/MEF2D axis. Accordingly, this pathway can be explored for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan university, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan university, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan university, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Bofan Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan university, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei You
- Department of Breast Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, People's Hospital of Henan university, Zheng Zhou, Henan, China
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49
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Combining HDAC and MEK Inhibitors with Radiation against Glioblastoma-Derived Spheres. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050775. [PMID: 35269397 PMCID: PMC8909581 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) in glioblastoma limit effective treatment and promote therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Using a combined radiation and drug-screening platform, we tested the combination of a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor (MEKi) with radiation to predict the efficacy against GSLCs. To mimic a stem-like phenotype, glioblastoma-derived spheres were used and treated with a combination of HDACi (MS-275) and MEKi (TAK-733 or trametinib) with 4 Gy irradiation. The sphere-forming ability after the combined radiochemotherapy was investigated using a sphere formation assay, while the expression levels of the GSLC markers (CD44, Nestin and SOX2) after treatment were analyzed using Western blotting and flow cytometry. The combined radiochemotherapy treatment inhibited the sphere formation in both glioblastoma-derived spheres, decreased the expression of the GSLC markers in a cell-line dependent manner and increased the dead cell population. Finally, we showed that the combined treatment with radiation was more effective at reducing the GSLC markers compared to the standard treatment of temozolomide and radiation. These results suggest that combining HDAC and MEK inhibition with radiation may offer a new strategy to improve the treatment of glioblastoma.
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50
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Sahabi K, Selvarajah GT, Mokrish A, Rasedee A, Kqueen CY. Development and molecular characterization of doxorubicin-resistant canine mammary gland tumour cells. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2032719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kabiru Sahabi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Gayathri T. Selvarajah
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ajat Mokrish
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah Rasedee
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Cheah Y. Kqueen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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